WO2019100659A1 - 电动汽车的自动换电平台和换电站 - Google Patents

电动汽车的自动换电平台和换电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019100659A1
WO2019100659A1 PCT/CN2018/084437 CN2018084437W WO2019100659A1 WO 2019100659 A1 WO2019100659 A1 WO 2019100659A1 CN 2018084437 W CN2018084437 W CN 2018084437W WO 2019100659 A1 WO2019100659 A1 WO 2019100659A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery pack
power
electric vehicle
transmission portion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/084437
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁习坤
李楠
田小涛
马永跃
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18881865.2A priority Critical patent/EP3715197A4/en
Publication of WO2019100659A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019100659A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60SSERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of battery replacement of an electric vehicle, in particular to an automatic power exchange platform and a power exchange of an electric vehicle.
  • the automatic power substation designed by the applicant before the present invention is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the automatic power exchange station shown in Fig. 1 is an electric vehicle lifting and switching area in the middle area, and also a lifting exchange area of the battery pack, two in the vehicle width direction.
  • the end is the battery pack storage area;
  • the electric trolley track runs through the entire charging and replacing power station, and the electric changing trolley can move under the battery pack storage device;
  • the electric changing trolley is also used as the battery pack exchange trolley, and the bottom is realized by the lifting mechanism and the battery pack.
  • the docking of the storage device in the height direction, however, the automatic power converter shown in Figure 1 has at least the following disadvantages:
  • the preset power-changing height is usually high, and it is not suitable for underground parking garages;
  • the lifting mechanism of the electric-changing trolley occupies a large space at the bottom, improves the structural stability of the stacked battery pack, has long battery pack exchange time, complicated power-changing process, low power-changing efficiency, and poor user experience.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic power exchange platform and a power exchange of an electric vehicle, which does not need to lift the vehicle during the power exchange process, saves the high-power motor drive of the vehicle, and controls the power exchange platform and
  • the overall height of the power station can be changed; the battery pack can be lifted and stacked without complicated lifting mechanism, the power exchange process is simple, the battery pack exchange time is short, and the power exchange efficiency is high, which improves the user experience.
  • an automatic power exchange platform for an electric vehicle including:
  • the power changing mechanism including a tightening gun and a battery transmission portion, the tightening gun having a first position lower than the battery transmission portion and a number higher than the battery transmission portion In two positions, one of the tightening gun and the battery transmission portion is movable up and down relative to the other such that the tightening gun is switched between the first position and the second position with respect to the battery transmission portion.
  • the battery transmission portion is configured to transmit a battery pack in the Y direction, wherein the Y direction is a vehicle width direction;
  • a supporting positioning mechanism located at two ends of the power changing mechanism along the X direction for supporting each wheel, wherein the X direction is a vehicle length direction;
  • a lifting mechanism connected to the power changing mechanism for lifting the lifting and lowering of the entire power changing mechanism.
  • the power exchange platform has a passing area for the wheels to pass along both sides of the Y direction, and the battery transmission portion extends at least in the Y direction to one of the passing areas to be external to the power exchange platform
  • the battery pack storage device transports the battery pack.
  • the power changing mechanism further includes an auxiliary support member along the Y-direction, and the auxiliary support member is movable relative to the battery transmission portion to switch between the first state and the second state;
  • the auxiliary support is located above the battery transmission portion of the passage area to provide support to the wheel;
  • the auxiliary support is located below or outside the battery transfer portion to avoid interference with the transfer of the battery pack.
  • the power changing mechanism further includes a tightening gun tray for fixing the tightening gun.
  • the tightening gun tray is respectively provided with the battery transmission portion along two sides of the X direction.
  • the battery transmission portion includes rollers arranged in the Y direction.
  • the power changing platform further includes a topping mechanism for acting on the vehicle chassis to adjust the parallelism between the vehicle chassis and the power changing mechanism.
  • topping mechanism is movable up and down with respect to the battery transmission portion to move to a position higher or lower than the position of the battery transmission portion.
  • a guide rail extending in the X direction is further included, and the power changing mechanism is disposed on the rail and movable in the X direction along the rail.
  • an automatic power substation for an electric vehicle including the above-described power exchange platform, further includes a battery pack storage device located on one side or both sides of the power exchange platform in the Y direction.
  • the battery transmission portion extends in the Y direction to the battery pack storage device to perform battery pack exchange with the battery pack storage device.
  • the battery pack storage device has a multi-layer battery pack storage unit arranged in a height direction, the power change mechanism having a position substantially flush with the support positioning mechanism, and the battery transfer portion at the position It is flush with the battery pack storage unit of one of the layers.
  • the lifting range of the lifting mechanism covers the battery pack storage unit of each layer, so that the battery transmission part exchanges with the battery pack storage unit of each layer.
  • the power changing mechanism is respectively provided with a pair of the lifting mechanisms on both sides of the Y direction, and the battery pack storage device is located between the pair of lifting mechanisms in the X direction and partially located between the pair of lifting mechanisms.
  • the automatic power-changing platform and the power-changing station of the electric vehicle of the present invention can achieve considerable technical progress and practicability, and have extensive industrial use value, and at least have the following advantages:
  • the battery pack storage device is hierarchically arranged, can store a plurality of battery packs, increases the storage capacity of the battery pack, and has a plurality of battery exchange ports, and the battery exchange process is simple;
  • the power exchange mechanism occupies a small amount of bottom space, improves the structural stability of the stacking battery pack, has short battery pack exchange time, simple power exchange process, high power exchange efficiency, and improves user experience.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic power plant layout of an electric vehicle in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an automatic power exchange of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main frame of an automatic power substation of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery exchange process of an automatic substation of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Support positioning mechanism 4 Lifting mechanism
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic power exchange of an electric vehicle and a power exchange platform 1 thereof.
  • the power exchange platform 1 includes a power changing mechanism 2, a support positioning mechanism 3, and a lifting mechanism 4, wherein
  • the electric mechanism 2 is for performing a power-changing operation, and the power-changing mechanism 2 includes a tightening gun 22 and a battery transmission portion 21 having a first position lower than the battery transmission portion 21 and a second position higher than the battery transmission portion 21, One of the tightening gun 22 and the battery transfer portion 21 is lifted and lowered relative to the other such that the tightening gun 22 is switched between the first position and the second position with respect to the battery transport portion 21.
  • the battery transmission portion 21 is for transmitting the battery pack in the Y direction; the support positioning mechanism 3 is located at both ends of the power changing mechanism 2 in the X direction for supporting the respective wheels; the lifting mechanism 4 is connected to the power changing mechanism 2 for lifting The overall lifting and lowering of the power changing mechanism 2 is described. It can be understood that the X direction is the direction of the vehicle length and the Y direction is the direction of the vehicle width.
  • the automatic power station of the present invention further includes a battery pack storage device 5 located on one side or both sides of the power exchange platform 1 in the Y direction.
  • the battery transfer portion 21 extends in the Y direction to the battery pack storage device 5 to perform battery pack exchange with the battery pack storage device 5.
  • the battery pack of the present invention includes a depleted battery pack and a full battery pack.
  • the depleted battery pack refers to the battery pack that is removed from the vehicle during the power exchange process, and the battery pack that is not removed from the vehicle is not completely depleted.
  • the full battery pack refers to the battery pack installed for the vehicle during the power exchange process, and is not limited to the battery pack installed in the vehicle is fully charged.
  • the electric vehicle of the present invention generally refers to a vehicle having a replaceable battery pack, and is not limited to a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the power exchange platform 1 includes a first positioning portion 11, a second positioning portion 12, and a support portion 13, wherein the first positioning portion 11 is for supporting the front wheel of the vehicle when the front wheel of the vehicle When entering the groove 14, it is determined to enter the stop position of the vehicle in the X direction.
  • the first positioning portion 11 includes a groove 14 including a first groove side wall 15 and a second groove side wall 16 distributed along the X direction, and the first groove side wall 15 and the second groove side wall 16 form a V-shaped angle, each The first roller seat 17 is respectively disposed on a side wall of a slot.
  • the second positioning portion 12 performs Y-direction positioning on the vehicle, and includes a front wheel Y-direction positioning unit 18 and a rear wheel Y-direction positioning unit 19, which are respectively disposed at positions corresponding to the front wheel and the rear wheel of the vehicle, respectively for the front wheel and the rear of the vehicle.
  • the wheel performs Y-direction positioning.
  • the front wheel Y-direction positioning unit 18 and the rear wheel Y-direction positioning unit 19 may include a push rod motor and a push rod disposed at both ends of the push rod motor in the Y direction, and the push rod motor is driven The push rod moves and the push rod pushes the front and rear wheels to move.
  • the support portion 13 includes a second roller holder 20, and each of the first roller holder 17 and the second roller holder 20 includes a plurality of rollers arranged in the Y direction to be able to roll as the wheel moves in the Y direction.
  • both the first roller seat 17 and the second roller seat 20 can reduce the friction of the corresponding supporting wheel and facilitate the movement of the wheel in the Y direction.
  • the vehicle enters the power exchange platform 1 for power exchange, and there is no need to lift the vehicle.
  • the height of the power exchange platform 1 can be controlled within 400 mm.
  • the power changing mechanism 2 includes a battery transmission portion 21 and a tightening gun 22, and may further include a tightening tray 24 for fixing the tightening gun 22, and tightening the gun tray 24 to be lifted and lowered, and tightening the gun 22 The lifting and lowering of the gun tray 24 is tightened to achieve lifting.
  • the battery transfer portions 21 are respectively provided on both sides of the tightening tray 24 in the X direction.
  • the tightening gun 22 When the battery pack 21 is required to support and transport the battery pack, the tightening gun 22 is correspondingly lower than the first position of the battery transport portion 21; when the battery pack is required to be removed and installed by the tightening gun 22, the tightening gun 22 is correspondingly located It is higher than the second position of the battery transfer portion 21.
  • the power exchange platform 1 has a passage area 6 through which the wheels pass in the Y direction, and the battery transmission portion 21 extends at least in the Y direction to one of the passage areas 6 to be transmitted with the battery pack storage device 6 outside the power exchange platform 1. Battery pack.
  • the power changing mechanism 2 is along both sides of the Y direction, and the power exchange platform 1 further includes an auxiliary support member (not shown), and the auxiliary support member is movable relative to the battery transmission portion 21 to be in the first state and the second state. Switch between states. In the first state, the auxiliary support is located above the battery transmission portion 21 of the passage region 6 to provide support to the wheel; in the second state, the auxiliary support member is located below or outside the battery transmission portion 21 to avoid with the battery pack The transmission interferes.
  • the auxiliary support member is mainly used to isolate the wheel from the battery transmission portion 21 in the passage region 6 when the wheel passes through the passage region 6, thereby reducing friction and facilitating the vehicle to enter.
  • the auxiliary support member may be provided in various forms as long as it can be switched in the above two states, for example, a plate member or a grid member.
  • the manner in which the auxiliary support member is extended and retracted may be various, for example, one or more of horizontal movement, up and down movement, or flipping motion with respect to the battery transmission portion 21.
  • the auxiliary support is telescopically disposed in the battery pack storage device 5, and the auxiliary support protrudes from the battery pack storage device 5 when the vehicle enters, and covers the battery transfer portion in the passage area 6. 21. After parking, the auxiliary support is retracted into the battery pack storage device 5.
  • the power-changing mechanism 2 has a substantially flush position with the support positioning mechanism 3, which can allow the vehicle to enter and exit the power-changing platform 1, wherein the "substantially flush" definition does not prevent the vehicle from entering and exiting the power-changing platform 1 quasi.
  • the battery transfer portion 21 is flush with the battery pack storage unit 51 of one of the battery pack storage devices 5 (for example, the lowest layer).
  • the bottom battery pack storage unit 51 of the battery pack storage device 5 is configured to receive a lost battery pack on the vehicle and provide a fully charged battery pack for the vehicle.
  • the power exchange platform 1 may also include a leveling mechanism 7 for acting on the vehicle chassis to adjust the parallelism between the vehicle chassis and the power changing mechanism 2.
  • a leveling mechanism 7 for acting on the vehicle chassis to adjust the parallelism between the vehicle chassis and the power changing mechanism 2.
  • the function of the topping mechanism 7 is to adjust the parallelism of the chassis to avoid the difficulty of changing the power due to the tilting of the chassis. After the topping, the vehicle is not jacked up, and each wheel is still supported on the corresponding support positioning mechanism 3.
  • the leveling mechanism 7 can be raised and lowered with respect to the battery transport portion 21 to extend to the chassis for leveling operation.
  • the specific position of the setting of the leveling mechanism 7 can be determined according to the size of the chassis of the power-changing vehicle and the size of the battery pack.
  • the leveling mechanism 7 can be disposed within the range in which the power changing mechanism 2 is located, for example, as shown in FIG. 3-4, which is located in the range in which the power changing mechanism 2 is located, and the leveling mechanism 7 should also be relatively opposite to the battery transmission portion.
  • the 21 is raised and lowered to extend to a position higher than the battery transfer portion 21 (for a flat operation) or to a position lower than the battery transfer portion 21 (to avoid interference with the transfer of the battery pack). Alternatively, it may be outside the range in which the power-changing mechanism 2 is located. At this time, there is no interference problem with the battery pack transmission, and thus it is not necessary to perform an additional lifting operation.
  • the vehicle enters the power exchange platform 1.
  • the topping mechanism 7 jacks up the vehicle chassis to be parallel to the plane of the power changing mechanism 2, so as to improve The accuracy and efficiency of the power exchange.
  • the tightening gun 22 is lifted to a height exceeding the battery transmission portion 21, and in the lifting direction, the power changing mechanism 2 is raised to the power exchange height, so that the tightening gun 22 is in contact with the bottom of the vehicle, wherein the tightening of the motor is started, and the tightening of the gun 22 will result in a loss.
  • the electric battery pack is removed; the power changing mechanism 2 is lowered onto the power exchange platform 1, the tightening gun 22 is lowered to a height not higher than the battery transmission portion 21, and the leveling mechanism 7 is lowered to a height not higher than the height of the battery transmission portion 21,
  • the battery pack is supported by the battery transport portion 21. It can be understood that the order in which the power changing mechanism 2 is lowered and the tightening gun 22 is lowered is in no particular order. After the tightening gun 22 is lowered to a lower level than the battery transfer portion 21, the tightening gun 22 is released from the battery pack lower than the height of the battery transport portion 21, and the battery pack is in contact with the battery transport portion 21.
  • the manner in which the tightening gun 22 is raised and lowered between the first position and the second position can be achieved by integrally lifting and lowering the tray 24 or directly lifting and lowering the gun 22 or the like.
  • the tightening gun 22 may have multiple, distributed on the power changing mechanism 2, corresponding to the position of the vehicle battery pack locking screw, and each tightening gun 22 is responsible for disassembling a screw to improve the power conversion efficiency.
  • the battery transmission portion 21 includes a plurality of in-line roller holders 23 disposed at intervals in the Y direction.
  • the inline roller holder 23 includes a plurality of rollers arranged along the Y to enable the battery pack to move in the vehicle width direction, thereby switching the platform 1 and the battery.
  • the battery pack is transported between the package storage devices 5.
  • the leveling mechanism 7 can be disposed in the gap of the two inline roller holders 23.
  • the battery transmission portion 21 is not limited to the roller structure. The above description is only an example, and the battery transmission portion 21 may have other structures, such as a belt structure, and the battery pack can be transported.
  • the battery transfer portion 21 may have two spaced apart in the vehicle length direction.
  • the battery pack installation positions of different models may be different, for example, the position of some vehicle battery packs is located in the middle of the front and rear wheels of the vehicle. After the battery pack is removed, the battery transmission unit 21 can directly lose the battery from the bottom of the vehicle. The package is transported to the battery pack storage device 5, but some vehicle battery pack installation positions may be located near the front wheel position or near the rear wheel position. After the depleted battery pack is removed, the power exchange mechanism 2 needs to move along the X direction to the vehicle. The position between the front and rear wheels can be used to transport the battery pack from the bottom of the vehicle. Otherwise, the battery pack cannot be transported due to the shielding of the front and rear wheels.
  • a rail 8 extending in the X direction may be disposed on the power-changing platform 1, and the power-changing mechanism 2 is disposed on the rail 8, so that the power-changing mechanism 2
  • the rail 8 can be moved in the X direction.
  • the positioning of the battery pack can be easily disassembled, and on the other hand, the battery pack can be accessed from the position between the front and rear wheels, so that the power exchange can be applied to the power exchange of various models.
  • the power-changing mechanism 2 as a whole can also be lifted and lowered in the height direction by being driven by the lifting mechanism 4, and the lifting mechanism 4 is disposed on the power-changing platform 1 and connected to the power-changing mechanism 2 along the height.
  • the direction causes the power changing mechanism 2 to ascend and descend to enable battery exchange with the battery pack storage unit 51.
  • the power changing mechanism 2 as a whole can be driven up and down by the lifting mechanism 4, which is particularly suitable when the lifting height of the tightening gun 22 is limited, for example, the rising height of the tightening gun 22 is limited to When it is slightly higher than the battery transfer portion 21, as shown in FIG. In other modes, if the rising height of the tightening gun 22 can reach the power changing position, the power changing mechanism may not be lifted or lowered when the battery pack is disassembled.
  • the number of battery pack storage devices 5 may be one or more for setting on one side or both sides of the power exchange platform 1 in the Y direction.
  • the battery pack storage device 5 has two and is disposed on both sides of the power exchange platform 1 in the Y direction.
  • Each of the battery pack storage devices 5 may include a plurality of battery pack storage units 51 arranged in the height direction.
  • the lifting range of the lifting mechanism 4 covers the battery pack storage unit 51 of each layer such that the battery transfer portion 21 and the battery pack storage unit 51 of each layer perform battery pack exchange.
  • the power changing mechanism 2 is respectively provided with a pair of lifting mechanisms 4 on both sides in the Y direction, and the battery pack storage device 5 is located between the pair of lifting mechanisms 4 in the X direction and partially in the space between the pair of lifting mechanisms 4.
  • the battery pack storage unit 51 may be set to be not less than three layers.
  • Each of the battery pack storage units 51 can store at least one battery pack.
  • the battery pack storage device 5 includes a three-layer battery pack storage unit 51, and each of the battery pack storage units 51 can store one battery pack.
  • the number of layers of the battery pack storage unit 51 of the battery pack storage device 5 and the number of battery packs that can be accommodated in each layer of the battery pack storage unit 51 can be adaptively adjusted according to specific user requirements, space requirements, and the like.
  • the battery pack storage device 5 adopts a multi-layer structure, which can increase the storage capacity of the automatic power exchange battery pack and save the space occupied by the automatic power exchange.
  • the lowest-level battery pack storage unit 51 at one end of the power-changing platform 1 is in an idle state for receiving the depleted battery pack, and the bottom-most battery pack storage unit 51 at the other end is placed full.
  • the battery pack switching window in the middle of the power-exchange process is only an example, and the adaptive adjustment can be made in practical applications, for example, by using the penultimate battery pack storage unit 51 as a replacement.
  • the height of the battery transfer portion 21 is the same as the height of the penultimate battery pack storage unit 51.
  • the power changing mechanism 2 can reach the height corresponding to the battery pack storage unit 51 by lifting and lowering, and exchange battery packs with the battery pack, for example, transporting the defective battery pack from the bottom layer to the upper layer.
  • the free battery pack storage unit 51, or the full battery pack can also be taken from the battery pack storage unit 51 on which the fully charged battery pack is placed, as a standby for the next power exchange process.
  • the power exchange gap refers to the time when the vehicle is switched out of the power exchange platform 1 and no other vehicles enter the power exchange platform 1 . It can be seen that the automatic power station has the area where the power exchange platform 1 is used as a power exchange area for replacing the battery pack for the vehicle, and as an exchange area for the battery pack and the full battery pack, which fully saves the space occupied. .
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are only used as an example.
  • the structure of the battery pack storage device 5 at both ends of the power conversion platform 1 is completely the same.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the two battery pack storage devices 5 specifically include The number of layers of the battery pack storage unit 51 can be set according to specific needs.
  • a transport portion that can transport the battery pack in the vehicle width direction can be provided on the battery pack storage unit 51.
  • the conveying portion may be a conveyor belt, an inline roller holder or the like.
  • the automatic power station further includes a charging device (not shown) for charging the depleted battery pack.
  • the charging device may be provided separately or in the battery pack storage device 5.
  • the automatic power station also includes control means (not shown) for transmitting commands to the power changing platform 1, the power changing mechanism 2, the lifting mechanism 4, and the battery pack storage unit 51 to coordinate and control the operation of the components.
  • the control unit can control various components of the power station by means of wired, wireless or remote control.
  • the control device can also be arranged separately in the power station or on the components of the power station, for example in the power exchange platform 1, the control device can comprise an electrical control cabinet and a power distribution cabinet.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an electric vehicle automatic power exchange platform and a power exchange station.
  • the power exchange operation is performed by the lift power exchange mechanism, and the vehicle is saved without lifting the vehicle, thereby saving the high-power motor drive of the vehicle lifting.
  • the height control system of the automatic power exchange platform and the power station is controlled at a lower altitude, and can be applied to a lower-level parking lot such as an underground parking garage; and there is no need to additionally set a power-changing trolley, and a complicated lifting mechanism is provided through the power-changing platform.
  • the power exchange mechanism can complete the power exchange with the vehicle, and the structure is simple and the cost is low; in addition, the battery pack storage device is layered, can store multiple battery packs, increases the storage capacity of the battery pack, and has multiple
  • the battery exchange port has a simple battery exchange process; the power exchange mechanism occupies a small space at the bottom, the structure stability of the stacking battery pack is improved, the battery pack exchange time is short, the power exchange process is simple, the power exchange efficiency is high, and the user experience is improved.
  • the automatic power substation shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is taken as an example.
  • the bottommost battery pack storage unit 51 is used as a battery exchange port.
  • the components may be in a position where the power changing mechanism 2 is located flush with the battery exchange port in both the height direction and the X direction; the tightening gun 22 and the leveling mechanism 7 are not higher than the battery transmission portion 21 in the height direction.
  • the specific power exchange process includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 The vehicle enters the power exchange platform 1 and performs vehicle positioning, including positioning in the X direction and the Y direction, so that the vehicle is substantially in the power changing position in the horizontal plane direction;
  • Step S2 The power changing mechanism 2 moves along the guide rail 8 to the corresponding power-changing position of the vehicle. (If the position of the vehicle is changed in the direction of the vehicle length and the position where the battery exchanges with the battery exchange port is the same, the step is not performed. )
  • Step S3 the vehicle topping mechanism 7 tops the vehicle chassis to a level
  • Step S4 the tightening gun 22 rises above the height of the battery transmission portion 21, the lifting mechanism 4 lifts the power changing mechanism 2 to the power exchange height, and then starts the tightening gun to remove the defective battery pack;
  • Step S5 the tightening gun 22, the leveling mechanism 7 is lowered to a position lower than the battery transmission portion 21, so that the depletion battery pack is supported on the battery transmission portion 21, and the power conversion mechanism 2 is lowered to a height with the battery exchange port;
  • Step S6 the power changing mechanism 2 moves along the guide rail 8 to the battery pack exchange position, so that the battery pack is transported from between the front and rear wheels (if step S2 is unnecessary, the corresponding step S6 is not required),
  • Step S7 the battery transfer unit 21 transports the depleted battery pack to the battery pack storage device 5, and acquires the full battery pack from the other battery pack storage device 5;
  • the power changing mechanism 2 reaches the height corresponding to the battery pack storage unit 51 by lifting and lowering, and performs battery pack exchange therewith.
  • All the processes of the automatic power changing method of the invention can be automatically completed by the control device, no manual power exchange is needed, the manpower is saved, the power exchange process is simple, the operation is easy, the power exchange efficiency is improved, and the user experience is improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电动汽车的自动换电平台(1)和换电站。换电平台(1)包括换电机构(2),用于执行换电操作,包括拧紧枪(22)和电池传输部(21),拧紧枪(22)具有低于电池传输部(21)的第一位置及高于电池传输部(21)的第二位置,拧紧枪(22)、电池传输部(21)中的一个可相对于另一个升降,电池传输部(21)用于在车宽方向传输电池包;沿车纵向位于换电机构(2)两端的支撑定位机构(3),用于支撑各个车轮;提升机构(4),与换电机构(1)连接,用于使整个换电机构(1)升降。换电站包括换电平台(1)和沿车宽方向位于换电平台(1)一侧或两侧的电池包存储装置(5)。在换电过程中,无需举升车辆,可控制换电站的整体高度;无需复杂的举升机构即可将电池包进行提升堆垛,换电流程简单,换电效率高。

Description

电动汽车的自动换电平台和换电站 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车的电池更换技术领域,尤其涉及一种电动汽车的自动换电平台和换电站。
背景技术
随着电动汽车充换电设施的发展,越来越多的车主选择采用自动换电站为电动汽车补充电能。申请人在本发明之前设计的自动换电站如图1所示,图1所示的自动换电站,中间区域为电动汽车提升换电区域,也为电池包的提升交换区,沿车宽方向两端为电池包存储区域;换电小车轨道贯穿整个充换电站,换电小车可以在电池包存储装置下方全程移动;换电小车同时也做为电池包交换小车,底部通过升降机构实现与电池包存储装置高度方向的对接,但是,图1所示自动换电站至少存在以下缺点:
(1)换电过程中,电动汽车需提升至预设换电高度,需要大功率的电机驱动,预设换电高度通常较高,不合适地下停车库;
(2)需要两个换电小车配合进行换电,且换电小车在用作电池包交换小车时,需通过升降机构进行升降,电机驱动比较多,结构复杂,成本高;
(3)换电小车的升降机构占据底部空间大,提升堆垛电池包结构稳定性较差,电池包交换时间长、换电流程复杂,换电效率低,用户体验差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种电动汽车的自动换电平台和换电站,在换电过程中无需举升车辆,节省了车辆提升的大功率电机驱动,并控制了换电平台和换电站的整体高度;无需复杂的举升机构即可将电池包进行提升堆垛,换电流程简单,电池包交换时间短,换电效率高,提升了用户体验。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种电动汽车的自动换电平台,包括:
换电机构,用于执行换电操作,所述换电机构包括拧紧枪和电池传输部,所述拧紧枪具有低于所述电池传输部的第一位置以及高于所述电池传输部的第二位置,所述拧紧枪、所述电池传输部中的一个可相对于另一个升降,以使得所述拧紧枪相对于所述电池传输部在所述第一位置、第二位置之间切换,所述电池传输部用于在Y向传输电池包,所述Y向为车宽方向;
沿X向位于换电机构两端的支撑定位机构,用于支撑各个车轮,所述X向为车长方向;
提升机构,与所述换电机构连接,用于举升整个所述换电机构的升降。
进一步的,所述换电平台沿Y向的两侧具有可供车轮通过的通过区,所述电池传输部至少沿Y向延伸至其中一个所述通过区,以与所述换电平台外部的电池包存储装置传送电池包。
进一步的,所述换电机构沿Y向的两侧,还包括辅助支撑件,所述辅助支撑件可相对于所述电池传输部运动,以在第一状态、第二状态之间切换;
所述第一状态中,所述辅助支撑件位于所述通过区的所述电池传输部之上,以向车轮提供支撑;
所述第二状态中,所述辅助支撑件位于电池传输部之下或者之外,以避免与电池包的传送发生干涉。
进一步的,所述换电机构还包括拧紧枪托盘,用于固定所述拧紧枪。
进一步的,所述拧紧枪托盘沿X向的两侧分别设置所述电池传输部。
进一步的,所述电池传输部包括沿Y向排列的滚轮。
进一步的,所述换电平台还包括顶平机构,用于作用至车辆底盘,以调整所述车辆底盘与所述换电机构之间的平行度。
进一步的,所述顶平机构可相对于所述电池传输部升降,以运动至高于或者低于所述电池传输部的位置。
进一步的,还包括沿X向延伸的导轨,所述换电机构设于所述导轨上并可沿所述导轨在X向移动。
根据本发明另一方面,提供一种电动汽车的自动换电站,包括上述换电平台,还包括沿Y向位于所述换电平台一侧或两侧的电池包存储装置。
进一步的,所述电池传输部沿Y向延伸至所述电池包存储装置,以与所述电池包存储装置进行电池包交换。
进一步的,所述电池包存储装置具有沿高度方向排列的多层电池包存储单元,所述换电机构具有与所述支撑定位机构基本平齐的位置,且在该位置时所述电池传输部与其中一层的所述电池包存储单元平齐。
进一步的,所述提升机构的升降范围覆盖各层所述电池包存储单元,使得所述电池传输部与各层的所述电池包存储单元之间进行电池包交换。
进一步的,所述换电机构沿Y向的两侧分别设有一对所述提升机构,所述电池包存储装置沿X向位于该对提升机构之间且部分位于该对提升机构之间的空间内。
本发明与现有技术相比具有明显的优点和有益效果。借由上述技术方案,本发明一种电动汽车的自动换电平台和换电站可达到相当的技术进步 性及实用性,并具有产业上的广泛利用价值,其至少具有下列优点:
(1)将换电机构集成在换电平台上,换电过程中通过举升换电机构来执行换电操作,无需举升车辆,节省了车辆提升的大功率电机驱动,并控制了换电平台和换电站的整体高度,可适用于地下停车库等高度较低的停车场所;
(2)无需额外设置换电小车,以及复杂的升降机构,通过设置在换电平台上的换电机构即可完成与车辆间的换电,结构简单,成本低;
(3)电池包存储装置分层设置,可存储多块电池包,增加了电池包的存储数量,且具有多个电池交换口,电池交换流程简单;
(4)换电机构占据底部空间小,提升堆垛电池包结构稳定性高,电池包交换时间短、换电流程简单,换电效率高,提升了用户体验。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举较佳实施例,并配合附图,详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中一种电动汽车的自动换电站布局示意图。
图2为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站主体框架示意图。
图4为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站电池交换过程示意图。
【符号说明】
1:换电平台                      2:换电机构
3:支撑定位机构                  4:提升机构
5:电池包存储装置                6:通过区
7:顶平机构                      8:导轨
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例,对依据本发明提出的一种电动汽车的自动换电平台和换电站的具体实施方式及其功效,详细说明如后。
如图2-4所示,本发明实施例提供一种电动汽车的自动换电站及其换电平台1,换电平台1包括换电机构2、支撑定位机构3和提升机构4,其中,换电机构2用于执行换电操作,换电机构2包括拧紧枪22和电池传输部21,拧紧枪22具有低于电池传输部21的第一位置以及高于电池传输部 21的第二位置,拧紧枪22、电池传输部21中的一个可相对于另一个升降,以使得拧紧枪22相对于电池传输部21在第一位置、第二位置之间切换。电池传输部21用于在Y向传输电池包;支撑定位机构3沿X向位于换电机构2的两端,用于支撑各个车轮;提升机构4与换电机构2连接,用于举升所述换电机构2的整体升降。可以理解的是,X向为车长方向,Y向为车宽方向。
本发明的自动换电站,还包括沿Y向位于换电平台1一侧或两侧的电池包存储装置5。电池传输部21沿Y向延伸至电池包存储装置5,以与电池包存储装置5进行电池包交换。
需要说明的是,本发明所述的电池包包括亏电电池包和满电池包。亏电电池包指的是换电过程中从车辆上拆卸下来的电池包,并非限定从车辆上拆卸下来的电池包为完全亏电状态。同理,满电电池包指的是换电过程中为车辆安装的电池包,并非限定为车辆安装的电池包为完全满电状态。
本发明的电动汽车泛指具有可更换电池包的车辆,并不仅限定为纯电动汽车,也可以为混动汽车。
以下分别对所述换电平台1和自动换电站的主要组成部分进行详细的描述:
(一)支撑定位机构
如图3所示,作为一种示例,换电平台1包括第一定位部11、第二定位部12和支撑部13,其中,第一定位部11用于支撑车辆前轮,当车辆前轮驶入凹槽14时被确定为驶入车辆沿X方向的停止位置。第一定位部11包括凹槽14,包括沿X方向分布的第一槽侧壁15、第二槽侧壁16,第一槽侧壁15和第二槽侧壁16形成V形夹角,每一槽侧壁上分别设置有所述第一滚轮座17。第二定位部12对车辆进行Y向定位,包括前轮Y向定位单元18和后轮Y向定位单元19,分别设于与车辆前轮、后轮对应的位置,分别对车辆前轮和后轮进行Y向定位。作为一种示例(图中未示出),前轮Y向定位单元18和后轮Y向定位单元19可包括推杆电机和设置在推杆电机沿Y向两端的推杆,推杆电机驱动推杆移动,推杆推动前后轮移动。支撑部13包括第二滚轮座20,第一滚轮座17和第二滚轮座20均包括沿Y向排布的多个滚轮,能随车轮沿Y向的移动而滚动。在车轮移动过程中,第一滚轮座17和第二滚轮座20均可以减小对应支撑车轮的摩擦力,方便车轮沿Y向的移动。车辆驶入换电平台1进行换电,无需举升车辆,换电平台1高度可控制在400mm内。
(二)换电机构
如图3所示,作为一种示例,换电机构2包括电池传输部21和拧紧枪22,还可包括拧紧托盘24,用于固定拧紧枪22,拧紧枪托盘24可升降, 拧紧枪22随拧紧枪托盘24的升降而实现升降。电池传输部21分别设于拧紧托盘24沿X向的两侧。
当需要用电池传输部21支撑和传输电池包时,拧紧枪22对应地处于低于电池传输部21的第一位置;当需要用拧紧枪22拆卸和安装电池包时,拧紧枪22对应地处于高于电池传输部21的第二位置。换电平台1沿Y向的两侧具有可供车轮通过的通过区6,电池传输部21至少沿Y向延伸至其中一个通过区6,以与换电平台1外部的电池包存储装置6传送电池包。
换电机构2沿Y向的两侧,换电平台1还包括辅助支撑件(图中未示出),辅助支撑件可相对于所述电池传输部21运动,以在第一状态、第二状态之间切换。第一状态中,辅助支撑件位于通过区6的电池传输部21之上,以向车轮提供支撑;第二状态中,辅助支撑件位于电池传输部21之下或者之外,以避免与电池包的传送发生干涉。
需要说明的是,辅助支撑件主要用于在车轮经过通过区6时,将车轮与处于通过区6中的电池传输部21隔离开来,减小摩擦力,方便车辆驶入。辅助支撑件的设置形式可以为多种,只要能满足在上述两种状态中切换即可,例如板状件或者格栅状件等均可。辅助支撑件的伸出和缩回的运动方式可以有多种,例如相对于电池传输部21进行水平运动、上下运动或者翻转运动等中的一种或几种。在一种示例中,辅助支撑件可伸缩地设置在电池包存储装置5中,车辆驶入时,辅助支撑件从电池包存储装置5中伸出,并覆盖处于通过区6中的电池传输部21,停车后,辅助支撑件缩回电池包存储装置5中。
作为一种示例,换电机构2具有与支撑定位机构3基本平齐的位置,该位置可以允许车辆进出换电平台1,其中“基本平齐”的定义以不妨碍车辆进出换电平台1为准。并且,在该位置时,电池传输部21与电池包存储装置5其中一层(例如最底层)的电池包存储单元51齐平。在一种示例中,电池包存储装置5最底层的电池包存储单元51用于接收车辆上换下的亏电电池包,并为车辆提供满电电池包。
换电平台1还可包括顶平机构7,用于作用至车辆底盘,以调整车辆底盘与换电机构2之间的平行度。需要说明的是,顶平机构7的作用是为了调整底盘的平行度,避免由于底盘倾斜而导致的换电困难。顶平后,车辆未被顶起,各个车轮依然支撑在对应的支撑定位机构3上。应当能理解的是,顶平机构7可相对于电池传输部21升降,以伸至底盘进行顶平操作。
顶平机构7的设置的具体位置可根据换电车辆底盘的大小以及电池包的大小来确定。例如顶平机构7可以设置在换电机构2所处的范围内,例如图3-4所示位于换电机构2所处的范围内,此时顶平机构7应当还可相对于电池传输部21升降,以伸至高出所述电池传输部21的位置(用于顶 平操作)或缩至低于所述电池传输部21的位置(用于避免与电池包的传送的干涉)。或者,也可以处于换电机构2所处的范围外,此时不存在与电池包传送的干涉问题,则不需要因此进行额外的升降动作。
以图3、图4所示的方式为例,在操作时,车辆驶入换电平台1,定位停车后,顶平机构7将车辆底盘顶起至与换电机构2的平面平行,以提高换电的准确度和效率。然后,拧紧枪22举升至超过电池传输部21的高度,沿升降方向,换电机构2上升至换电高度,使拧紧枪22与车辆底部接触,其中,启动拧紧电机,拧紧枪22将亏电电池包拆下;换电机构2下降至换电平台1上,拧紧枪22下降至不高于电池传输部21的高度,顶平机构7下降至不高于电池传输部21的高度,以使得电池包由电池传输部21支撑。可以理解的是,换电机构2下降和拧紧枪22下降的顺序不分先后。拧紧枪22下降至低于电池传输部21的高度后,拧紧枪22脱离电池包下降低于电池传输部21的高度,电池包与电池传输部21相接触。其中,拧紧枪22在第一位置、第二位置之间升降的方式可以通过整体升降拧紧托盘24或直接升降拧紧枪22等的方式来实现。需要说明的是,拧紧枪22可以具有多个,分布在换电机构2上,与车辆电池包锁紧螺钉的位置一一对应,每个拧紧枪22负责拆卸一个螺钉,提高换电效率。
电池传输部21包括多个直列滚轮座23,沿Y向间隔设置,直列滚轮座23包括多个滚轮,沿Y排布,能够带动电池包沿车宽方向移动,从而在换电平台1和电池包存储装置5之间运送电池包。如图3所示,作为一种示例,顶平机构7可以设置在两个直列滚轮座23的间隙中。可以理解的是,电池传输部21并不限于滚轮结构,以上所述仅为一种示例,电池传输部21也可以为其他结构,例如可以传送带结构,也可完成电池包的输送。电池传输部21可具有沿车长方向间隔设置的两个。
考虑到不同车型的电池包安装位置可能不同,例如有些车辆电池包的位置位于车底前轮和后轮中间,亏电电池包拆下后,电池传输部21可直接从车底将亏电电池包运送至电池包存储装置5中,但是有些车辆电池包安装位置可能位于车底靠近前轮位置或靠近后轮位置,亏电电池包拆下后,换电机构2需沿X向移动至车前轮和后轮之间的位置,才能将电池包从车底运送出来,否则,由于前轮和后轮的遮挡,将无法完成电池包的运送。因此,为了使自动换电平台1和换电站适用于更多车型,可在换电平台1上设置沿X向延伸的导轨8,将换电机构2设于导轨8上,使换电机构2可通过导轨8沿X向移动,一方面便于拆装电池包的定位,另一方面便于电池包从前后车轮之间的位置进出,从而使换电站可以适用于多种车型的换电。
如图4所示示例,换电机构2作为一个整体,还可通过提升机构4驱 动而沿高度方向升降,提升机构4设置在换电平台1上,并与换电机构2相连接,沿高度方向使换电机构2升降以能够与所述电池包存储单元51进行电池交换。
在拆装电池包的过程中,换电机构2作为整体可以由提升机构4驱动升降,这种情况尤其适用于在拧紧枪22的升降高度有限的情况下,例如拧紧枪22的上升高度仅限于略高于电池传输部21时,如图4。在另一些方式中,如果拧紧枪22的上升高度可以到达换电位置,则换电机构在拆装电池包时也可以不升降。
(三)电池包存储装置
需要说明的是,电池包存储装置5的数量可以是一个或者多个,以用来设置在换电平台1沿Y向的一侧或两侧。
如图2-图4所示,作为一种示例,电池包存储装置5具有两个且分别设置在换电平台1沿Y向的两侧。每个电池包存储装置5可以包括多层沿高度方向排布的电池包存储单元51。如前所述,当换电机构2处于与支撑定位机构3在高度方向基本平齐的位置时,至少有一层电池包存储单元5与电池传输部21的高度平齐。提升机构4的升降范围覆盖各层所述电池包存储单元51,使得电池传输部21与各层的电池包存储单元之间51进行电池包交换。换电机构2沿Y向的两侧分别设有一对提升机构4,电池包存储装置5沿X向位于该对提升机构4之间且部分位于该对提升机构4之间的空间内。
为了增加电池包的存储数量,电池包存储单元51可设置为不少于三层。每层电池包存储单元51至少可存储一个电池包。如图3,作为一种示例,电池包存储装置5包括三层电池包存储单元51,每一层电池包存储单元51可存储一个电池包。但可以理解的是,电池包存储装置5的电池包存储单元51的层数以及每层电池包存储单元51所能容纳的电池包的数量可根据具体用户需求、空间需求等因素进行适应性调整。电池包存储装置5采用多层结构,既可以增加自动换电站电池包的存储数量,也节约了自动换电站的占地空间。
如图3、图4,换电过程中,换电平台1一端的最底层电池包存储单元51为空闲状态,用于接收亏电电池包,另一端的最底层电池包存储单元51放置有满电电池包,用于为换电机构2提供满电电池包。需要说明的是,以最底层电池包存储单元51作为换电过程中电池包交换窗口仅为一种示例,实际应用中可做适应性调整,例如以倒数第二层电池包存储单元51作为换电过程中的电池包交换窗口,换电初始状态,电池传输部21高度与倒数第二层电池包存储单元51高度相同。
在换电间隙或者空闲时间,如图4所示,换电机构2可通过升降达到 与电池包存储单元51对应的高度,与其进行电池包交换,例如将亏电电池包从最底层运送至上层空闲的电池包存储单元51,或者也可从放置有满电电池包的电池包存储单元51上获取满电电池包作为下一次换电过程备用。换电间隙指的是车辆换电完成后,驶出换电平台1,且无其他车辆驶入换电平台1的时间。由此可知,该自动换电站将换电平台1所在区域既作为用于为车辆更换电池包的换电区域,又作为亏电电池包和满电电池包的交换区域,充分节约了占地空间。
需要说明的是,图3、图4仅作为一种示例,换电平台1两端的电池包存储装置5的结构完全相同,实际应用中,并不限于此,两个电池包存储装置5具体包括的电池包存储单元51层数可根据具体需求进行设定。
为了减小电池包与电池包存储单元51之间的摩擦力,便于在两者之间传送,可在电池包存储单元51上设置可沿车宽方向对电池包进行输送的输送部。输送部可以为传送带、直列滚轮座等。
(四)充电装置和控制装置
此外,自动换电站还包括充电装置(图中未示出),用于为亏电电池包充电。充电装置可以单独设置,也可设置在电池包存储装置5中。
自动换电站还包括控制装置(图中未示出),用于向换电平台1、换电机构2、提升机构4以及电池包存储单元51发送指令,以协调和控制各部件的工作。控制装置可通过有线、无线或远程控制等方式对换电站各个部件进行控制。控制装置还可单独设置在换电站中或换电站的组成部件上,例如设置换电平台1中,控制装置可以包括电气控制柜和配电柜。
本发明实施例提供一种电动汽车自动换电平台和换电站,换电过程中通过举升换电机构来执行换电操作,无需举升车辆,节省了车辆提升的大功率电机驱动,可以将自动换电平台和换电站的高度控制在较低高度范围,可适用于地下停车库等高度较低的停车场所;且无需额外设置换电小车,以及复杂的升降机构,通过设置在换电平台上的换电机构即可完成与车辆间的换电,结构简单,成本低;此外,电池包存储装置分层设置,可存储多块电池包,增加了电池包的存储数量,且具有多个电池交换口,电池交换流程简单;换电机构占据底部空间小,提升堆垛电池包结构稳定性高,电池包交换时间短、换电流程简单,换电效率高,提升了用户体验。
基于上述自动换电站,以图3、图4所示自动换电站作为示例,当执行自动换电时,以最底层电池包存储单元51作为电池交换口,当车辆驶入换电平台1之前,各部件可以处于如下位置:换电机构2在高度方向和X向均位于与电池交换口齐平的位置;拧紧枪22和顶平机构7在高度方向均不高于电池传输部21。
具体换电流程包括以下步骤:
步骤S1、车辆驶入换电平台1并进行车辆定位,包括X向、Y向的定位,使得车辆在水平面方向大致处于换电位置;
步骤S2、换电机构2沿导轨8移动至车辆对应的换电位置,(若沿车长方向,与车辆进行换电的位置和与电池交换口进行电池交换的位置一致,则不进行此步骤)
步骤S3、车辆顶平机构7将车辆底盘顶至水平;
步骤S4、拧紧枪22上升至超过电池传输部21的高度,提升机构4将换电机构2举升至换电高度,然后启动拧紧枪,拆下亏电电池包;
步骤S5、拧紧枪22、顶平机构7下降至低于电池传输部21的位置,使得亏电电池包支撑在电池传输部21,换电机构2下降至与电池交换口所处的高度;
步骤S6、换电机构2沿导轨8移动至电池包交换位置,以便于电池包从前后车轮之间运出(若无需步骤S2,对应的也无需步骤S6),
步骤S7、电池传输部21将亏电电池包运送至电池包存储装置5,并从另一电池包存储装置5获取满电电池包;
重复步骤S2-S6对应的安装电池包的步骤,将满电电池包安装到车辆上,完成换电操作。
在换电间隙或者空闲时间,换电机构2通过升降达到与电池包存储单元51对应的高度,与其进行电池包交换。
本发明自动换电方法的所有过程均可通过控制装置自动完成,无需人工换电,节省了人力,换电过程简单,易操作,提高了换电效率,提升了用户体验。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电动汽车的自动换电平台,其特征在于:包括:
    换电机构,用于执行换电操作,所述换电机构包括拧紧枪和电池传输部,所述拧紧枪具有低于所述电池传输部的第一位置以及高于所述电池传输部的第二位置,所述拧紧枪、所述电池传输部中的一个可相对于另一个升降,以使得所述拧紧枪相对于所述电池传输部在所述第一位置、第二位置之间切换,所述电池传输部用于在Y向传输电池包,所述Y向为车宽方向;
    沿X向位于换电机构两端的支撑定位机构,用于支撑各个车轮,所述X向为车长方向;
    提升机构,与所述换电机构连接,用于举升整个所述换电机构的升降。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电平台,其特征在于:
    所述换电平台沿Y向的两侧具有可供车轮通过的通过区,所述电池传输部至少沿Y向延伸至其中一个所述通过区,以与所述换电平台外部的电池包存储装置传送电池包。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车的自动换电平台,其特征在于:
    所述换电机构沿Y向的两侧,还包括辅助支撑件,所述辅助支撑件可相对于所述电池传输部运动,以在第一状态、第二状态之间切换;
    所述第一状态中,所述辅助支撑件位于所述通过区的所述电池传输部之上,以向车轮提供支撑;
    所述第二状态中,所述辅助支撑件位于电池传输部之下或者之外,以避免与电池包的传送发生干涉。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电平台,其特征在于:
    所述换电机构还包括拧紧枪托盘,用于固定所述拧紧枪。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电动汽车的自动换电平台,其特征在于:
    所述拧紧枪托盘沿X向的两侧分别设置所述电池传输部。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电平台,其特征在于:
    所述电池传输部包括沿Y向排列的滚轮。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电平台,其特征在于:
    所述换电平台还包括顶平机构,用于作用至车辆底盘,以调整所述车辆底盘与所述换电机构之间的平行度。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电平台,其特征在于:
    所述顶平机构可相对于所述电池传输部升降,以运动至高于或者低于所述电池传输部的位置。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电平台,其特征在于:
    还包括沿X向延伸的导轨,所述换电机构设于所述导轨上并可沿所述导轨在X向移动。
  10. 一种电动汽车的自动换电站,其特征在于:
    包括权利要求1-9所述的换电平台,还包括沿Y向位于所述换电平台一侧或两侧的电池包存储装置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电动汽车的自动换电站,其特征在于:
    所述电池传输部沿Y向延伸至所述电池包存储装置,以与所述电池包存储装置进行电池包交换。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电动汽车的自动换电站,其特征在于:
    所述电池包存储装置具有沿高度方向排列的多层电池包存储单元,所述换电机构具有与所述支撑定位机构基本平齐的位置,且在该位置时所述电池传输部与其中一层的所述电池包存储单元平齐。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电动汽车的自动换电站,其特征在于:
    所述提升机构的升降范围覆盖各层所述电池包存储单元,使得所述电池传输部与各层的所述电池包存储单元之间进行电池包交换。
  14. 如权根据权利要求10-13中任意一项所述的电动汽车的自动换电站,其特征在于:
    所述换电机构沿Y向的两侧分别设有一对所述提升机构,所述电池包存储装置沿X向位于该对提升机构之间且部分位于该对提升机构之间的空间内。
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