WO2019085990A1 - 电池包存储系统和电动汽车的自动换电站 - Google Patents

电池包存储系统和电动汽车的自动换电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085990A1
WO2019085990A1 PCT/CN2018/113668 CN2018113668W WO2019085990A1 WO 2019085990 A1 WO2019085990 A1 WO 2019085990A1 CN 2018113668 W CN2018113668 W CN 2018113668W WO 2019085990 A1 WO2019085990 A1 WO 2019085990A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
pack storage
exchange
battery
storage unit
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PCT/CN2018/113668
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李楠
田小涛
马永跃
刘立敬
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蔚来汽车有限公司
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Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18871948.8A priority Critical patent/EP3705354A4/en
Publication of WO2019085990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085990A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery replacement technology for electric vehicles, and more particularly to a battery pack storage system and an automatic power exchange of an electric vehicle.
  • the automatic power substation designed by the applicant before the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and the automatic power station shown in FIG. 1 has a battery pack storage area battery pack orientation different from the orientation of the battery pack in the power exchange area by 90 degrees.
  • the package needs to be rotated 90 degrees throughout the process, with high cost, long power-changing time and high system complexity.
  • the power exchange process it is necessary to set a space for the electric vehicle to avoid.
  • the automatic power station stores at most 5 battery packs, and the battery pack has a small storage amount.
  • the battery pack exchange position has only one layer of battery, and each time the battery pack is exchanged, it needs to be transported over a long distance, which takes a long time and has low power exchange efficiency.
  • the orientation of the battery pack storage in this solution is the same as the orientation of the replacement.
  • the battery pack does not need to be rotated 90 degrees during the power exchange process, but it is still necessary to set the space for the electric vehicle to avoid, resulting in a change.
  • the space occupied by the electrical system will exceed the width of the three parking spaces and there is no margin in the surrounding space.
  • the battery pack exchange position is only one layer, and each time the battery pack is exchanged, it needs to be transported over a long distance, which is time consuming and has low power exchange efficiency.
  • the above-mentioned automatic power exchange station usually needs to be able to move up and down between the storage positions of the respective batteries along the height direction of the power-changing position, thereby placing or removing the battery pack, and therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to set the complicated on the electric-changing trolley.
  • the lifting mechanism meets the lifting requirements, on the other hand, the power exchange time is longer and the power exchange efficiency is lower.
  • the existing automatic power exchange has at least the following disadvantages: large occupied space, small battery pack storage, long battery pack exchange time, and low power exchange efficiency, resulting in poor user experience.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a battery pack storage system and an automatic power exchange of an electric vehicle, which have small occupied space, a large number of battery packs, short battery pack exchange time, high power exchange efficiency, and can be widely applied to A variety of venues have greatly improved the user experience.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack storage system for an electric vehicle automatic power station, comprising:
  • a battery pack storage device having a battery pack storage area, the battery pack storage area having a plurality of first battery pack storage units arranged in a height direction;
  • a battery pack switching device for exchanging a battery pack with the power exchange cart, the battery pack switching device being located at one side of the battery pack storage device in a first direction, the battery pack switching device having a second battery pack storage unit And moving in the height direction to achieve a height that enables the battery pack exchange between the second battery pack storage unit and the first battery pack storage unit.
  • the battery pack storage device is provided with a escaping area at the bottom of the first battery pack storage unit, and the escaping area is available for the electric trolley to pass;
  • the battery pack switching device is movable in the height direction to the avoidance zone to perform battery pack exchange with the power exchange trolley.
  • the battery pack storage area has at least two arranged in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction;
  • the battery pack switching device is movable in the second direction to perform battery pack exchange with each of the battery pack storage areas.
  • the battery pack switching device is provided with at least two layers of second battery pack storage units arranged in the height direction.
  • first and second battery pack storage units are each provided with a transport portion for supporting and transporting the battery pack, and the transport direction of the transport portion is parallel to the first direction.
  • the battery pack storage area includes at least three layers of the first battery pack storage unit.
  • an automatic power station for an electric vehicle includes the battery pack storage system, and further includes:
  • the power exchange platform is disposed on a side of the battery pack storage system along the first direction for supporting, positioning, and lifting the vehicle to a preset power exchange height.
  • the battery pack storage device is located between the battery pack switching device and the power exchange platform in the first direction;
  • the battery pack storage device is provided with a escaping area at the bottom of the first battery pack storage unit, and the escaping area is available for the electric trolley to pass.
  • the rail extends along the first direction, one end of the rail extends into the power exchange platform, and the other end extends to the battery pack switching device;
  • the electric change trolley is disposed on the guide rail and reciprocable along the guide rail to complete the transportation and exchange of the battery pack between the vehicle and the battery pack exchange device.
  • the battery pack switching device further includes a pillar structure and a lifting structure, the pillar structure is fixed at two ends of the battery pack switching device in the vehicle width direction, and the lifting structure is disposed on the pillar structure, and the The column structure moves up and down, thereby driving the second generation battery pack storage unit to move in the height direction.
  • the automatic power station further includes a charging device for charging the depleted battery pack.
  • the automatic power station further includes control means for transmitting instructions to the power exchange platform, the power exchange trolley, the first battery pack storage unit, and the second battery pack storage unit to coordinate and control the work of each component. .
  • the battery pack storage system and the automatic power exchange of the electric vehicle of the present invention can achieve considerable technical advancement and practicability, and have extensive industrial use value, and at least have the following advantages:
  • the orientation of the battery pack storage is the same as the orientation of the battery pack replacement. It is not necessary to rotate the battery pack during the power exchange process, which saves the power exchange time and the power exchange space;
  • the electric-changing trolley can be placed in the storage area of the battery pack, and there is no need to additionally set the avoidance position of the electric-changing trolley, thereby further saving space;
  • the battery pack storage device is hierarchically arranged, and can store a plurality of battery packs, thereby increasing the storage amount of the battery pack;
  • the battery pack switching device has two layers of battery pack exchange positions. Each time the battery pack is exchanged, one layer is a full battery pack, and one layer is an idle turnaround position, which saves battery pack exchange time.
  • the replacement power station is applicable to various parking lots and most automobile maintenance stations, and can be widely applied to various places.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic power station layout of an electric vehicle in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the layout of an automatic power substation of another electric vehicle in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an automatic power station layout of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a main frame of an automatic power substation of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of an automatic power station of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an automatic power substation of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an automatic power changing method of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery pack storage system for an electric vehicle automatic power station, comprising: a battery pack storage device 1 for storing a battery pack, and a battery pack storage device 1 and The battery pack exchange device 2 of the battery pack is transferred between the exchange trolleys.
  • the battery pack storage device 1 has a battery pack storage area 3 having a plurality of first battery pack storage units 4 arranged in the height direction Z; the battery pack exchange device 2 is located in the first direction X in the battery pack
  • the battery pack switching device 2 has a second battery pack storage unit 5 and is movable along the height direction Z to enable storage of the second battery pack storage unit 5 and the first battery pack Unit 4 achieves the height of the battery pack exchange.
  • the height direction Z is a direction perpendicular to the ground
  • the first direction X is parallel to the horizontal plane, and generally can be selected to be consistent with the vehicle width direction.
  • the battery pack of the present invention includes a depleted battery pack and a full battery pack.
  • the electric deficient battery pack refers to the battery pack that is removed from the vehicle during the power exchange process, and is not limited to the state in which the battery pack removed from the vehicle is completely depleted.
  • the full battery pack refers to the battery pack installed for the vehicle during the power exchange process, and is not limited to the battery pack installed in the vehicle is fully charged.
  • the electric vehicle of the present invention generally refers to a vehicle having a replaceable battery pack, and is not limited to a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the battery pack storage device 1 is provided with a escaping zone 6 at the bottom of the first battery pack storage unit 4, and the escaping zone 6 is allowed to pass through the electric trolley 7; the battery pack switching device 2 can be moved to the escaping zone 6 in the height direction Z, The battery pack is exchanged with the electric trolley 7.
  • the battery pack storage device 1 may have a frame structure, and the battery pack storage area 3 has at least two arranged in the second direction Y, the second direction Y being perpendicular to the first direction X and parallel to the horizontal plane. Generally, it can be selected to be consistent with the length of the vehicle.
  • the battery pack storage area 3 includes a plurality of the first battery pack storage units 4 arranged in the height direction Z, for example, at least three layers. Each of the first battery pack storage units 4 can store one battery pack. As shown in FIG. 3, as an example, the battery pack storage device 1 has two battery pack storage areas 3 arranged in the second direction Y, and each of the battery pack storage areas 3 includes three layers of the first battery pack storage unit 4. .
  • the battery pack storage device 1 adopts a multi-layer structure, which can increase the storage amount of the battery pack and save the floor space.
  • the first battery pack storage unit 4 is provided with a transport portion 41 for supporting and transporting the battery pack for transporting the battery pack, and the transport direction of the transport portion 41 is parallel to the first direction X.
  • the conveying portion 41 may be a conveyor belt, an inline roller holder or the like.
  • the battery pack switching device 2 can be moved in the second direction Y to be associated with each battery pack storage area.
  • 3 Perform battery pack exchange.
  • a track may be provided, and the battery pack switching device 2 is moved in the second direction Y by the track, so that the battery pack switching device 2 can be moved to any one of the battery pack storage areas 3, and completed by the lifting in the height direction Z with the first battery.
  • the packet storage unit 4 performs exchange of battery packs.
  • the battery pack switching device 2 is provided with at least two layers of second battery pack storage units 5 arranged in the height direction Z, and each of the second battery pack storage units 5 can store one battery pack.
  • each of the second battery pack storage units 5 can store one battery pack.
  • at least one layer of the second battery pack storage unit 5 is in an idle state for receiving the depleted battery pack on the change trolley 7; at least one layer of the second battery pack storage unit 5 stores the full battery pack. It is used to provide a fully charged battery pack for the electric trolley 7.
  • the battery pack switching device 2 is provided with two layers of second battery pack storage units 5 arranged in the height direction Z.
  • the battery pack switching device 2 further includes a pillar structure 21 and a lifting structure 22 fixed at both ends of the battery pack switching device 2 in the first direction X, and the lifting structure 22 is disposed on the pillar structure 21 along the pillar structure 21 moves up and down, thereby driving the second battery pack storage unit 5 to move up and down in the battery pack height direction Z.
  • the above-mentioned pillar structure 21 and the lifting structure 22 are only an example, and the specific structure can be adaptively adjusted as long as the battery pack switching device 2 can be lifted and lowered in the height direction Z.
  • the second battery pack storage unit 5 is also provided with a transport portion 41 for supporting and transporting the battery pack.
  • the exchange of the battery pack with the battery pack storage device 1 is realized, and the implementation is simple and the complexity is low.
  • the changeover trolley 7 does not need to be provided with a complicated lifting mechanism to complete the battery pack.
  • the exchange saves cost and battery exchange time.
  • the battery pack exchange between the battery pack switching device 2 and the battery pack storage device 1 can be completed during the operation of the power exchange trolley 7 and the vehicle for power exchange, or can be completed in an intermittent time, the power exchange time is short, and the power exchange efficiency is high. .
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic power exchange of an electric vehicle, including the battery pack storage system of the first embodiment, and further includes: a power exchange trolley 7, a power exchange platform 8 and a guide rail 9 .
  • the power exchange platform 8 is disposed on one side of the battery pack storage system along the first direction X for supporting and positioning the vehicle, and lifting the vehicle to a preset power exchange height.
  • the guide rail 9 extends along the first direction X. One end of the guide rail 9 extends into the power exchange platform 8 and the other end extends to the battery pack switching device 2; the electric change trolley 7 is disposed on the guide rail 9 and can be along the guide rail 9 reciprocating to complete the transportation and exchange of the battery pack between the vehicle and the battery pack exchange device 2.
  • the battery pack storage device 1 is located between the battery pack switching device 2 and the power exchange platform 8 in the first direction X; the battery pack storage device 1 is disposed in the first battery pack storage unit. 4, the escaping zone 6 at the bottom, the escaping zone 6 is available for the electric trolley 7 to pass, thereby eliminating the need to additionally set the escaping zone of the electric trolley 7 for the automatic power-changing platform, saving the floor space and making the layout of the automatic power-changing station More compact and reasonable.
  • the height of the escape zone 6 is configured such that the commutation trolley 7 can maintain the height required for battery exchange with the vehicle in the avoidance zone 6, so that the changeover trolley 7 can be exchanged with the vehicle.
  • the escaping zone 6 can also be set lower than the height required for the battery exchange of the vehicle, but after the electric trolley 7 is driven out of the escaping zone 6, it needs to be raised again to be required for battery exchange with the vehicle.
  • the height when the electric trolley 7 needs to enter the escaping zone 6, it is lowered to a height lower than the escaping zone 6, and it is understood that the escaping zone 6 is set lower than the height required for the battery exchange of the vehicle, and the power is changed.
  • the trolley is required to have a lifting structure that can move in the height direction Z.
  • the first direction X is the vehicle width direction
  • the second direction Y is the vehicle length direction.
  • the transport trolley 7 is also provided with a transport portion 41 for supporting and transporting the battery pack.
  • the power exchange platform 8 includes a platform body 81 and a lifting mechanism 82, wherein the platform body 81 is used to support and position the vehicle, and the lifting mechanism 82 is disposed on the platform body 81 for the vehicle Lifting to the height required when changing the electric trolley 4 can be set according to factors such as the model of the vehicle to be replaced. It should be understood that when the vehicle enters and exits the power exchange platform 8, the power exchange trolley 4 should be given a refusal.
  • the automatic power station also includes a charging device 10 for charging a depleted battery pack.
  • the charging device 10 may be provided separately or in the battery storage device 1.
  • the automatic power station further includes control means 11 for transmitting commands to the power exchange platform 8, the changeover trolley 7, the battery pack storage device 1, and the battery pack switching device 2 to coordinate and control the operation of the components.
  • the control device 11 can control various components of the power station by means of wired, wireless or remote control.
  • the control device 11 can also be arranged separately in the substation or on the components of the substation, for example in the power exchange platform 8, which can comprise an electrical control cabinet and a power distribution cabinet.
  • the automatic substation can be controlled to occupy up to three parking spaces, and the layout is compact and reasonable.
  • the operation method includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 The vehicle enters the power exchange platform 8 and performs vehicle positioning
  • the electric change trolley 7 is driven into the escape zone 6 of the battery pack storage device 1 through the guide rail 9 to be avoided.
  • Step S2 the lifting mechanism 82 lifts the vehicle to a preset power-changing height
  • Step S3 the empty load change car 7 enters the bottom of the vehicle, removes the depleted battery pack, and transfers the depleted battery pack to the battery exchange device 2;
  • Step S4 the battery exchange device 2 by moving up and down in the height direction Z, the second battery pack storage unit 5 placed full battery pack is aligned with the change trolley 7, the full battery pack is transmitted to the change trolley 7;
  • Step S5 the electric trolley 7 carries the full battery pack into the bottom of the vehicle, and the full battery pack is installed on the vehicle to complete the power exchange.
  • the battery pack switching device 2 can be moved up and down in the height direction Z or moved in the second direction Y to align the first battery pack storage unit 4, and the battery pack is depleted. It is transmitted to the first battery pack storage unit 4. Or, the full battery pack is obtained from the first battery pack storage unit 4 and used as the next power exchange process.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a battery pack storage system and an automatic power exchange of an electric vehicle.
  • the orientation of the battery pack storage is consistent with the orientation of the battery pack replacement during the power exchange process, and the battery pack is not required to be rotated during the power exchange process, thereby saving the power exchange time.
  • the electric trolley 7 can be placed in the storage area of the battery pack, no need to additionally set the avoidance position of the electric trolley 7, further saving space;
  • the battery pack storage device 1 is arranged hierarchically, and can store multiple battery packs , the storage capacity of the battery pack is increased;
  • the battery pack switching device 2 has two layers of battery pack exchange positions, each time the exchange battery pack has a full battery pack, and the first layer is an idle turnaround position, which saves the battery pack exchange time. .
  • the automatic power station is suitable for use in various parking lots and most car repair stations, and can be widely applied to a variety of places. All the processes of the automatic power changing method of the invention can be automatically completed by the control device, no manual power exchange is needed, the manpower is saved, the power exchange process is simple, the operation is easy, the power exchange efficiency is improved, and the user experience is improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于电动汽车自动换电站的电池包存储系统，包括：电池包存储装置（1），具有多层沿高度方向排布的第一电池包存储单元（4）；电池包交换装置（2），沿第一方向位于电池包存储装置的一侧，具有可沿高度方向移动的第二电池包存储单元（5），能够达到与第一电池包存储单元进行电池包交换的高度。电池包分层存放，存储方位与交换的方位保持一致，从而具有占地空间小、电池包存储数量多、电池包交换时间短的技术效果，换点效率高，可广泛适用于各类场地。还公开了一种具有该电池包存储系统的电动汽车自动换电站。

Description

电池包存储系统和电动汽车的自动换电站 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车的电池更换技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池包存储系统和电动汽车的自动换电站。
背景技术
随着电动汽车充换电设施的发展，越来越多的车主选择采用自动换电站为电动汽车补充电能。申请人在本发明之前设计的自动换电站如图1和图2所示，图1所示的自动换电站，电池包存储区电池包的方位与换电区电池包的方位相差90度，电池包在整个过程中需要旋转90度，成本高、换电时间长和系统复杂程度高。换电过程中需要设置换电小车避让的空间，在占地面积为三个停车位时，该自动换电站至多存储5个电池包，电池包存储数量少。再者，电池包交换位置仅有一层电池，每次交换电池包都需要远距离接送，耗时长，换电效率低。
图2所示的自动换电站，该方案中电池包存储的方位与更换的方位一致，电池包在换电过程中不再需要转90度，但是仍需要设置换电小车避让的空间，导致换电系统所占空间会超出3个停车位的宽度，且没有周围空间余量。再者，电池包交换位置也只有一层，每次交换电池包都需要远距离接送，比较耗时间，换电效率低。此外，上述的自动换电站，通常需要换电小车能够沿换电位置的高度方向在各个电池存储位置之间升降，从而放置或取下电池包，因此，一方面需要在换电小车上设置复杂的升降机构，满足升降要求，另一方面换电时间较长，换电效率较低。
由此可知，现有的自动换电站至少存在以下缺点：占地空间大、电池包存储数量少、电池包交换时间长、换电效率低，从而使用户体验差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种电池包存储系统和电动汽车的自动换电站，占地空间小、电池包存储数量多、电池包交换时间短，换电效率高，可广泛适用于多种场所，大大提升了用户体验。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种用于电动汽车自动换电站的电池包存储系统，包括：
电池包存储装置，具有电池包存储区，所述电池包存储区具有多层沿高度方向排布的第一电池包存储单元；
电池包交换装置，用于与换电小车交换电池包，所述电池包交换装置 沿第一方向位于所述电池包存储装置的一侧，所述电池包交换装置具有第二电池包存储单元，并可沿所述高度方向移动，以达到能够使所述第二电池包存储单元与所述第一电池包存储单元实现电池包交换的高度。
进一步的，所述电池包存储装置设有位于所述第一电池包存储单元底部的避让区，所述避让区可供换电小车通过；
所述电池包交换装置可沿所述高度方向移动至所述避让区，以与所述换电小车进行电池包交换。
进一步的，所述电池包存储区具有沿第二方向排布的至少两个，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直；
所述电池包交换装置能够沿所述第二方向移动，以与各个所述电池包存储区进行电池包交换。
进一步的，所述电池包交换装置设有至少两层沿高度方向排布的第二电池包存储单元。
进一步的，所述第一、第二电池包存储单元上均设有用于支撑和传送电池包的输送部，所述输送部的传输方向与所述第一方向平行。
进一步的，所述电池包存储区包括至少三层所述第一电池包存储单元。
根据本发明另一方面，提供一种电动汽车的自动换电站包括所述电池包存储系统，还包括:
换电平台，沿所述第一方向设置于所述电池包存储系统一侧，用于支撑、定位车辆，并将车辆举升至预设换电高度。
进一步的，所述电池包存储装置沿所述第一方向位于所述电池包交换装置和所述换电平台之间；
所述电池包存储装置设有位于所述第一电池包存储单元底部的避让区，所述避让区可供换电小车通过。
进一步的，导轨，沿所述第一方向延伸，所述导轨的一端伸入所述换电平台内，另一端伸至所述电池包交换装置；
换电小车，设置于所述导轨上，并可沿所述导轨往复运动，以完成电池包在车辆和电池包交换装置之间的运送以及交换。
进一步的，所述电池包交换装置还包括立柱结构和升降结构，所述立柱结构固定在电池包交换装置沿车辆宽度方向的两端，所述升降结构设置在所述立柱结构上，可沿所述立柱结构上下移动，从而带动所述第二代电池包存储单元沿高度方向移动。
进一步的，所述自动换电站还包括充电装置，用于为亏电电池包充电。
进一步的，所述自动换电站还包括控制装置，用于向所述换电平台、换电小车、第一电池包存储单元以及第二电池包存储单元发送指令，以协调和控制各部件的工作。
本发明与现有技术相比具有明显的优点和有益效果。借由上述技术方案，本发明一种电池包存储系统和电动汽车的自动换电站可达到相当的技术进步性及实用性，并具有产业上的广泛利用价值，其至少具有下列优点：
(1)电池包存储的方位与电池包更换的方位一致，换电过程中无需旋转电池包，节约了换电时间和换电空间；
(2)换电小车可置于电池包存储区域中，无需额外设置换电小车的避让位置，进一步节约空间；
(3)电池包存储装置分层分列设置，可存储多块电池包，增加了电池包的存储数量；
(4)电池包交换装置具有两层电池包交换位置，每次交换电池包都有一层是满电电池包，一层是闲置周转位置，节约了电池包交换的时间。
(5)所述换电站适用与各个停车场和大部分汽车维修站需求，可广泛适用于多种场所。
(6)自动换电的所有过程均可通过控制装置自动完成，无需人工换电，节省了人力，换电过程简单，易操作，提高了换电效率，提升了用户体验。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例，并配合附图,详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中一种电动汽车的自动换电站布局示意图；
图2为现有技术中另一种电动汽车的自动换电站布局示意图；
图3为本发明一实施例提供的电池包存储系统示意图；
图4为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站布局示意图；
图5为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站主体框架示意图；
图6为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站俯视图；
图7为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站立体图；
图8为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电方法流程图。
主要附图标记说明：
1-电池包存储装置      2-电池包交换装置      3-电池包存储区
4-第一电池包存储单元  5-第二电池包存储单元  6-避让区
7-换电小车            8-换电平台            9-导轨
10-充电装置           11-控制装置
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的一种电动汽电池包存储系统和电动汽车的自动换电站的具体实施方式及其功效，详细说明如后。
实施例一、
如图3所示，本发明实施例提供了一种用于电动汽车自动换电站的电池包存储系统，包括：用于存放电池包的电池包存储装置1和用于在电池包存储装置1和换电小车之间转送电池包的电池包交换装置2。其中，电池包存储装置1具有电池包存储区3，电池包存储区3具有多层沿高度方向Z排布的第一电池包存储单元4；电池包交换装置2沿第一方向X位于电池包存储装置1的一侧，所述电池包交换装置2具有第二电池包存储单元5，并可沿所述高度方向Z移动，以达到能够使第二电池包存储单元5与第一电池包存储单元4实现电池包交换的高度。可以理解的是，高度方向Z为垂直于地面的方向，第一方向X与水平面平行，一般可选为与车辆宽度方向一致。
需要说明的是，本发明所述的电池包包括亏电电池包和满电池包。电亏电电池包指的是换电过程中从车辆上拆卸下来的电池包，并非限定从车辆上拆卸下来的电池包为完全亏电状态。同理，满电电池包指的是换电过程中为车辆安装的电池包，并非限定为车辆安装的电池包为完全满电状态。
本发明的电动汽车泛指具有可更换电池包的车辆，并不仅限定为纯电动汽车，也可以为混动汽车。
以下分别对电池包存储系统的各个组成部分进行详细的描述:
(一)电池包存储装置
电池包存储装置1设有位于所述第一电池包存储单元4底部的避让区6，避让区6可供换电小车7通过；电池包交换装置2可沿高度方向Z移动至避让区6，以与换电小车7进行电池包交换。
电池包存储装置1整体结构可以采用框架结构，电池包存储区3具有沿第二方向Y排布的至少两个，所述第二方向Y与所述第一方向X垂直，且与水平面平行，一般可选为与车辆长度方向一致。电池包存储区3包括沿高度方向Z排布的多层所述第一电池包存储单元4，例如至少三层。每个第一电池包存储单元4可存储一个电池包。如图3所示，作为一种示例，电池包存储装置1具有两个沿第二方向Y排布的电池包存储区3，每个电池包存储区3包括三层第一电池包存储单元4。电池包存储装置1采用多层结构，既可以增加电池包的存储数量，也节约了占地面积。
第一电池包存储单元4上设有用于支撑和传送电池包的输送部41，用于传送电池包，输送部41的传输方向与所述第一方向X平行。输送部41可以为传送带、直列滚轮座等。
(二)电池包交换装置
图3所示示例中，电池包存储装置1包括两个沿第二方向Y排布的电池包存储区3时，电池包交换装置2能够沿第二方向Y移动，以与各个电池包存储区3进行电池包交换。例如可设置轨道，电池包交换装置2通过轨道沿第二方向Y移动，从而使电池包交换装置2可移动至任一个电池包存储区3，并通过沿高度方向Z的升降完成与第一电池包存储单元4进行电池包的交换。
电池包交换装置2设有至少两层沿高度方向Z排布的第二电池包存储单元5，每个第二电池包存储单元5可存储一个电池包。换电过程中，至少一层第二电池包存储单元5处于空闲状态，用于接收换电小车7上的亏电电池包；至少一层第二电池包存储单元5上存储满电电池包，用于为换电小车7提供满电电池包。如图3所示示例，电池包交换装置2设有两层沿高度方向Z排布的第二电池包存储单元5。
电池包交换装置2还包括立柱结构21和升降结构22，立柱结构21固定在电池包交换装置2沿第一方向X的两端，升降结构22设置在立柱结构21上，可沿所述立柱结构21上下移动，从而带动第二电池包存储单元5沿电池包高度方向Z上下移动。从而实现与电池包存储装置1之间以及与换电小车7之间的电池包交换。但应当理解，上述立柱结构21及升降结构22仅为一种示例，具体结构可做适应性调整，只要能使电池包交换装置2能够沿高度方向Z升降即可。
为了减小电池包传送过程中，第二电池包存储单元5与电池包之间的摩擦力，第二电池包存储单元5上也设有用于支撑和传送电池包的输送部41。
通过电池包交换装置2的方向的升降，以及沿第二方向Y的移动，实现与电池包存储装置1之间的电池包的交换，实现方式简单，复杂程度低。当避让区6的高度设置为可以使得换电小车7能够在所述避让区6保持与车辆进行电池交换时所需的高度时，换电小车7也无需再设置复杂的升降机构来完成电池包的交换，节约了成本和电池交换时间。且电池包交换装置2与电池包存储装置1之间的电池包交换可在在换电小车7与车辆换电的操作期间完成，也可在间歇时间完成，换电时间短，换电效率高。
实施例二、
如图4-图7所示，本发明实施例提供一种电动汽车的自动换电站，包括实施例一所述的电池包存储系统，还包括:换电小车7、换电平台8和导轨9。换电平台8，沿第一方向X设置于电池包存储系统一侧，用于支撑、定位车辆，并将车辆举升至预设换电高度。导轨9，沿所述第一方向X延伸，导轨9的一端伸入换电平台8内，另一端伸至所述电池包交换装置2；换电小车7设置于导轨9上，并可沿导轨9往复运动，以完成电池包在车辆和电池包交换装置2之间的运送以及交换。
如图4-图7所示示例，电池包存储装置1沿第一方向X位于电池包交换装置2和换电平台8之间；电池包存储装置1设有位于所述第一电池包存储单元4底部的避让区6，所述避让区6可供换电小车7通过，由此，自动换电平台无需额外设置换电小车7的避让区，节约了占地面积，使自动换电站的布局更加紧凑、合理。
图4所示示例中，避让区6的高度配置为：使得换电小车7能够在所述避让区6保持与车辆进行电池交换时所需的高度，从而可以使换电小车7与车辆进行换电时，仅沿导轨9平移，而无需进行升降，提高换电效率。但可以理解的是，避让区6也可以设置低于车辆进行电池交换时所需的高 度，但换电小车7从避让区6驶出后，需再上升至与车辆进行电池交换时所需的高度，换电小车7需要进入避让区6时，下降至低于避让区6的高度即可，可理解的是，避让区6设置为低于车辆进行电池交换时所需的高度时，换电小车上需要设有能沿高度方向Z移动的举升结构。图4-图7所示示例中，第一方向X为车宽方向，第二方向Y为车长方向。
为了减小电池包传送过程中，换电小车7与电池包之间的摩擦力，换电小车7上也设有用于支撑和传送电池包的输送部41。
如图4，作为一种示例，换电平台8包括平台主体81和举升机构82，其中，平台主体81用于支撑和定位车辆，举升机构82设置在平台主体81上，用于将车辆举升至与换电小车4换电时所需的高度，可根据待换电车辆车型等因素进行设定所需高度。应当理解，当车辆进出换电平台8时，换电小车4应当给予避让。
自动换电站还包括充电装置10，用于为亏电电池包充电。充电装置10可以单独设置，也可设置在电池存储装置1中。
自动换电站还包括控制装置11，用于向换电平台8、换电小车7、电池包存储装置1以及电池包交换装置2发送指令，以协调和控制各部件的工作。控制装置11可通过有线、无线或远程控制等方式对换电站各个部件进行控制。控制装置11还可单独设置在换电站中或换电站的组成部件上，例如设置换电平台8中，控制装置11可以包括电气控制柜和配电柜。
采用上述示例中的换电站组成和布局，自动换电站可控制为至多占据三个停车位的面积，布局紧凑、合理。
基于上述自动换电站，如图8所示，当执行自动换电时，操作方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、车辆驶入换电平台8并进行车辆定位；
车辆驶入过程中，换电小车7通过导轨9驶入电池包存储装置1的避让区6中，进行避让。
步骤S2、举升机构82将车辆举升到预设换电高度；
步骤S3、空载的换电小车7驶入车辆底部，取下亏电电池包，并将亏电电池包转运给电池交换装置2；
步骤S4、电池交换装置2通过沿高度方向Z上下移动，将放置满电电池包的第二电池包存储单元5对准换电小车7，将满电电池包传输给换电小车7；
步骤S5、换电小车7携带满电电池包驶入车辆底部，将满电电池包安装到车上，完成换电。
步骤S5执行过程中，或者步骤S5执行完成后，电池包交换装置2可通过沿高度方向Z上下移动，或者沿第二方向Y移动，对准第一电池包存储单元4，将亏电电池包传输给第一电池包存储单元4。或者从第一电池包存储单元4获取满电电池包，作为下次换电过程使用。
本发明实施例提供一种电池包存储系统和电动汽车的自动换电站，换 电过程中电池包存储的方位与电池包更换的方位一致，换电过程中无需旋转电池包，节约了换电时间和换电空间；换电小车7可置于电池包存储区域中，无需额外设置换电小车7的避让位置，进一步节约空间；电池包存储装置1分层分列设置，可存储多块电池包，增加了电池包的存储数量；电池包交换装置2具有两层电池包交换位置，每次交换电池包都有一层是满电电池包，一层是闲置周转位置，节约了电池包交换的时间。此外，所述自动换电站适用与各个停车场和大部分汽车维修站需求，可广泛适用于多种场所。本发明自动换电方法的所有过程均可通过控制装置自动完成，无需人工换电，节省了人力，换电过程简单，易操作，提高了换电效率，提升了用户体验。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种用于电动汽车自动换电站的电池包存储系统，其特征在于，包括：
    电池包存储装置，具有电池包存储区，所述电池包存储区具有多层沿高度方向排布的第一电池包存储单元；
    电池包交换装置，用于与换电小车交换电池包，所述电池包交换装置沿第一方向位于所述电池包存储装置的一侧，所述电池包交换装置具有第二电池包存储单元，并可沿所述高度方向移动，以达到能够使所述第二电池包存储单元与所述第一电池包存储单元实现电池包交换的高度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池包存储系统，其特征在于，
    所述电池包存储装置设有位于所述第一电池包存储单元底部的避让区，所述避让区可供换电小车通过；
    所述电池包交换装置可沿所述高度方向移动至所述避让区，以与所述换电小车进行电池包交换。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池包存储系统，其特征在于，
    所述电池包存储区具有沿第二方向排布的至少两个，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直；
    所述电池包交换装置能够沿所述第二方向移动，以与各个所述电池包存储区进行电池包交换。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池包存储系统，其特征在于，
    所述电池包交换装置设有至少两层沿高度方向排布的第二电池包存储单元。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池包存储系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一、第二电池包存储单元上均设有用于支撑和传送电池包的输送部，所述输送部的传输方向与所述第一方向平行。
  6. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池包存储系统，其特征在于，
    所述电池包存储区包括至少三层所述第一电池包存储单元。
  7. 一种电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池包存储系统，还包括:
    换电平台，沿所述第一方向设置于所述电池包存储系统一侧，用于支撑、定位车辆，并将车辆举升至预设换电高度。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于，
    所述电池包存储装置沿所述第一方向位于所述电池包交换装置和所述换电平台之间；
    所述电池包存储装置设有位于所述第一电池包存储单元底部的避让区，所述避让区可供换电小车通过。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于，还包括：
    导轨，沿所述第一方向延伸，所述导轨的一端伸入所述换电平台内，另一端伸至所述电池包交换装置；
    换电小车，设置于所述导轨上，并可沿所述导轨往复运动，以完成电池包在车辆和电池包交换装置之间的运送以及交换。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述电池包交换装置还包括立柱结构和升降结构，所述立柱结构固定在电池包交换装置沿车辆宽度方向的两端，所述升降结构设置在所述立柱结构上，可沿所述立柱结构上下移动，从而带动所述第二电池包存储单元沿高度方向移动。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述自动换电站还包括充电装置，用于为亏电电池包充电。
  12. 如权利要求7-11中任意一项所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述自动换电站还包括控制装置，用于向所述换电平台、换电小车、第一电池包存储单元以及第二电池包存储单元发送指令，以协调和控制各部件的工作。
PCT/CN2018/113668 2017-11-03 2018-11-02 电池包存储系统和电动汽车的自动换电站 WO2019085990A1 (zh)

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