WO2019052184A1 - 电动汽车的自动换电系统 - Google Patents

电动汽车的自动换电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019052184A1
WO2019052184A1 PCT/CN2018/084433 CN2018084433W WO2019052184A1 WO 2019052184 A1 WO2019052184 A1 WO 2019052184A1 CN 2018084433 W CN2018084433 W CN 2018084433W WO 2019052184 A1 WO2019052184 A1 WO 2019052184A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
battery pack
lifting
electric
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/084433
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林海岩
李楠
田小涛
丁习坤
马永跃
Original Assignee
上海蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201711342320.5A external-priority patent/CN109501756A/zh
Application filed by 上海蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 上海蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18855774.8A priority Critical patent/EP3689688A4/en
Publication of WO2019052184A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019052184A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery replacement technology for electric vehicles, and more particularly to an automatic power exchange system for an electric vehicle.
  • Electric vehicles can drive vehicles through the electrical energy stored in the battery, reducing the dependence of vehicles on fossil energy, and is an important means to solve national energy security problems.
  • Power battery is the core of electric vehicles, and power battery life is the focus of users and enterprises. Therefore, how to quickly and easily supplement the power battery into an important factor for the use and promotion of electric vehicles, and the current battery charging technology can not achieve the same charging in a few minutes, so the replacement of the battery has become an efficient and convenient electric vehicle electric energy. Supplementary method.
  • the existing automatic power-changing system is mostly an embedded automatic power-changing system, and the whole electric-changing trolley is arranged below the ground. Only one slot is left above the ground for the battery replacement at the bottom of the slot.
  • Such an automatic power-changing station cannot be moved, and needs advanced sexual civil construction, high construction cost, inconvenient to maintain, generally used indoors, can not work in outdoor bad weather, the scope of application is small.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic power changing system for an electric vehicle, which is composed of various parts which are small in size, light in weight, easy to install and convenient to transport, and the whole system has a simple and safe structure. Reliable, easy to operate, easy to implement, can be widely promoted in various places.
  • an automatic power changing system for an electric vehicle including:
  • a power exchange platform for supporting and positioning the vehicle
  • a lifting device disposed on the power exchange platform for lifting the vehicle to a first preset height, wherein the first preset height is a height from the power exchange platform when the vehicle is switched on;
  • a battery pack management device disposed on one side of the power exchange platform for receiving a power battery pack and providing a full battery pack
  • a guide rail one end of which extends into the power exchange platform, and the other end of which extends to the battery pack management device;
  • the electric change trolley is disposed on the guide rail and reciprocable along the guide rail to complete the transportation of the battery pack between the vehicle and the battery pack management device.
  • the automatic power changing system further includes a control module for coordinating and controlling the operation of each component of the automatic power changing system.
  • the driving direction is the X direction
  • the vehicle width direction is the Y direction
  • the power changing platform includes:
  • a platform body for supporting the vehicle
  • a slope structure disposed at at least one end of the platform body along the X direction;
  • a guiding structure disposed at both ends of the platform body in the Y direction;
  • the positioning structure is used to define a stop position of the vehicle, and to position and adjust the front and rear wheels of the vehicle to adjust the vehicle to a preset power-changing position.
  • the power exchange platform includes a front wheel support module and a rear wheel support module, and a plurality of platform modules arranged along the vehicle length direction are disposed between the front wheel support module and the rear wheel support module, and two adjacent There is a gap between the platform modules, the gap is used to set a rail or a rack, and the rail is used to provide a driving track for the electric trolley to enter or exit the power changing platform, and determine the driving direction of the electric changing trolley.
  • the rack is used to mesh with the gears on the trolley.
  • the lifting device includes a plurality of lifting columns, the lifting column includes a housing, a driving mechanism disposed in the housing, and a lifting structure driven by the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism driving the lifting The structure moves in the vertical direction.
  • the lifting device further includes a plurality of lifting push rods respectively for supporting respective lifting points of the vehicle, the lifting push rods are in one-to-one correspondence with the lifting columns, and the lifting structure corresponding to the lifting columns is respectively Drive to move in the vertical direction.
  • the electric change trolley includes a tightening mechanism that can be raised and lowered in the height direction for raising to a height capable of battery exchange with the vehicle, and disassembling and installing the battery pack.
  • the lifting device comprises:
  • a lifting robot arm disposed on the column structure and capable of lifting and lowering along the column structure in a height direction to lift the vehicle;
  • the supporting mechanism is respectively provided on each of the lifting robot arms, and the supporting mechanism is configured to support a lifting point of the vehicle.
  • the lifting device further includes:
  • a motor driving structure for driving the synchronous lifting suspension chain to synchronously lift the lifting robot arm.
  • the supporting mechanism is provided with a photographing and positioning mechanism for photographing and positioning the vehicle and the electric changing trolley after the vehicle is lifted to the first preset height by the lifting device, and the electric changing trolley enters the vehicle bottom.
  • the photographing and positioning mechanism comprises:
  • the photographing unit is configured to take a picture of the body positioning hole and the positioning pin of the electric changing trolley to obtain the photographing data;
  • a calculating unit configured to calculate a current vehicle position deviation according to the photographing data
  • a fine adjustment unit provided in the support mechanism for adjusting a vehicle position according to the obtained vehicle position deviation.
  • the fine adjustment unit includes a driving portion and a floating portion provided in different supporting mechanisms, and is arranged along a driving direction;
  • the driving portion drives the corresponding supporting mechanism to move along the driving direction, thereby driving the vehicle to move;
  • the floating portion is configured to be floatable with the movement of the vehicle, thereby achieving adjustment of the position of the vehicle.
  • the floating part includes:
  • the floating unit is used to float in a horizontal plane
  • the floating unit and the supporting unit realize rolling contact by a universal ball
  • the reset unit is coupled to the floating unit for resetting the floating unit.
  • the battery pack management device includes:
  • a battery pack transceiver unit configured to receive the depleted battery pack delivered by the electric change trolley, and output the full-charge battery pack to the electric change trolley;
  • a battery pack charging unit for charging a depleted battery pack
  • a battery pack storage unit for storing a full battery pack and a depleted battery pack
  • control unit configured to control the battery transceiver unit to receive or output a battery pack, control the battery pack charging unit to charge the battery pack, and control the battery pack storage unit to store the battery pack.
  • the battery pack management device further includes a battery exchange port, and receives the depleted battery pack and the output full battery pack through the battery exchange port.
  • the automatic power changing system of the electric vehicle of the present invention can achieve considerable technical advancement and practicability, and has extensive industrial use value, and has at least the following advantages:
  • the parts of the automatic power changing system of the present invention are independently arranged, and each component is small in size, light in weight, easy to install, and can be transported separately. Therefore, the entire system is simple in structure, reliable, easy to operate, easy to implement, and convenient to transport. Modularization and miniaturization have been achieved.
  • the vehicle is coarsely positioned and accurately positioned, which improves the accuracy of power exchange and the efficiency of power exchange.
  • the automatic power exchange system When the automatic power exchange system is used for power exchange, it can realize only occupying two parking spaces, which is suitable for various parking lots and most automobile maintenance stations, and can be widely applied to various places.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic power-changing system of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power conversion platform of an automatic power changing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a power changing system of an automatic power changing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack management apparatus of an automatic power changing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a photographing and positioning mechanism of an automatic power changing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fine adjustment unit of an automatic power changing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 6A-A.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an automatic power changing system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an automatic power changing method of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides an automatic power changing system for an electric vehicle.
  • the utility model comprises a power changing platform 1, a lifting device 2, a battery pack management device 3, a guide rail 4 and a power changing trolley 5.
  • the power exchange platform 1 is used for supporting and positioning the vehicle;
  • the lifting device 2 is disposed on the power exchange platform 1 for lifting the vehicle to a first preset height, and the first preset height is a distance when the vehicle is changing power
  • the height of the power exchange platform 1 and the first preset height are set according to factors such as the model of the vehicle to be replaced.
  • the first preset height is not limited to one height value, and may also be a height range, that is, the vehicle can be adjusted again within a certain height range.
  • the vehicle may be first raised to a predetermined height value, and then the power exchange operation is performed by adjusting the position of the power exchange trolley 5, and the predetermined height value is the first preset.
  • Height in other embodiments, the vehicle may be first lifted to a certain position within the height range, and then the vehicle is again adjusted according to the position of the power exchange trolley 5 to match the position of the electric change trolley.
  • the height range is collectively referred to as a first preset height.
  • the first preset height is not a fixed position, but a position range in which the power change can be implemented, and the lifting device 2 can be implemented according to the lifting height and the horizontal position of the changing cart 5.
  • the height of the vehicle is adjusted within the range of the power change, and the horizontal position is adjusted, so that the vehicle and the electric change trolley 5 are aligned with the power exchange, and the height range in which the power can be exchanged belongs to the first preset height.
  • the battery pack management device 3 is disposed on one side of the power exchange platform 1 for receiving the depleted battery pack and providing the full battery pack; one end of the guide rail 4 extends into the power exchange platform 1 and the other end extends to the battery pack management device 3
  • the electric trolley 5 is disposed on the guide rail 4 and can reciprocate along the guide rail 4 to complete the transportation of the battery pack between the vehicle and the battery pack management device.
  • the depleted battery pack of the present invention refers to a battery pack that is detached from the vehicle during the power exchange process, and is not limited to a state in which the battery pack detached from the vehicle is completely depleted.
  • the full battery pack refers to the battery pack installed for the vehicle during the power exchange process, and is not limited to the battery pack installed in the vehicle is fully charged.
  • the electric vehicle of the present invention generally refers to a vehicle having a replaceable battery pack, and is not limited to a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the automatic power change system also includes a control module 8, as shown in Figure 8, (not shown in Figure 1), for coordinating and controlling the various components of the automatic power change system.
  • the control module 8 can be disposed on the power exchange platform 1 to control each module of the power conversion system by means of wired, wireless or remote control.
  • the control module can also be provided separately in the power change system or on other components of the power change system, for example on the lifting device 2, which can comprise an electrical control cabinet and a power distribution cabinet.
  • the power exchange platform 1 includes a platform body 11 for supporting a vehicle, a slope structure 12 for guiding the vehicle into and out of the platform body 11, a guiding structure 13 for guiding the vehicle when entering the platform body 11, and A positioning structure 14 for defining a stop position of the platform body 11 and positioning and adjusting the front and rear wheels of the vehicle to adjust the vehicle to a preset power-changing position.
  • the platform body 11 is used to support the vehicle for the vehicle to travel to the power-changing position.
  • the gap between the components in the platform body 11 can be filled with a FRP grating, which can ensure the smooth running of the vehicle into the power exchange platform 1 and reduce the weight of the power exchange platform 1.
  • the slope structure 12 is provided at both ends of the platform body 11 in the traveling direction, or may be provided only at one end.
  • the ramp structure 12 includes a ramp body 15 and a rotating shaft 160 that is coupled to the platform body 11 via a rotating shaft 160 and that is turned around the rotating shaft 160 to retract or lower the ramp structure 12.
  • the slope structure 12 is opened, and the slope structure 12 can be retracted at other times to save the floor space of the power exchange system.
  • the guiding structure 13 corresponds to the slope structure 12 and is disposed on the platform body 11 and extends to the slope structure 12.
  • the guide structure 13 includes guide members disposed in pairs, respectively disposed at both ends of the platform main body 11 in the vehicle width direction, and a space between the guide members at both ends is defined as an area allowing the passage of the vehicle, thereby preventing the vehicle
  • the platform body 11 is dropped out of the trajectory during the process of entering and exiting the platform body 11.
  • the guiding structure 13 is a guiding rod, and the guiding rod extends in a direction substantially parallel to the driving direction.
  • the slope structure 12 and the guiding structure 13 can be used together as a reference to guide the vehicle to forward forward.
  • the electric platform 1 is such that the parking position is closer to the ideal position.
  • the front and rear wheels of the vehicle will be positioned and adjusted through the positioning structure 14 to adjust the vehicle to the preset power-changing position.
  • the traveling direction is the X direction and the vehicle width direction is the Y direction
  • the positioning structure 14 includes the X direction positioning unit 6 for adjusting the position of the vehicle X direction and the Y direction for adjusting the position of the vehicle in the Y direction.
  • the X-direction positioning unit 6 includes a groove 61 for supporting the wheel, which may be a front wheel or a rear wheel, and is determined to enter the stop position of the vehicle in the X direction when the wheel enters the groove 61.
  • the X-direction positioning unit 6 is used to support the front wheel of the vehicle.
  • the Y-direction positioning unit 7 includes a front wheel Y-direction positioning unit 71 and a rear-wheel Y-direction positioning unit 72, which are respectively disposed at positions corresponding to the front and rear wheels of the vehicle.
  • the front wheel Y direction positioning unit 71 includes a front wheel push rod motor 711 and a front wheel push rod 712 disposed at both ends of the front wheel push rod motor 711 in the Y direction; the front wheel push rod motor 711 is used to drive the front wheel push rod The 712 moves; the front wheel pusher 712 is used to push the front wheel to move, thereby positioning the front wheel in the Y direction.
  • the rear wheel Y direction positioning unit 72 includes a rear wheel push rod motor 721 and a rear wheel push rod 722 disposed at both ends of the rear wheel push rod motor 721 in the Y direction; the rear wheel push rod motor 721 is configured to drive the rear wheel push rod 722 to move; The rear wheel pusher 722 is used to push the rear wheel to move, thereby positioning the rear wheel in the Y direction.
  • the power-changing platform 1 shown in FIG. 2 is only an example, and the actual application is not limited to the above-mentioned constituent structure. As a modification of the power-changing platform 1 shown in FIG. 2, the power-changing platform 1 can also be set in a modular form, as shown in the figure.
  • the power exchange platform 1 in the automatic power changing system of the electric vehicle shown in FIG. 8 includes the front wheel support module 101 and the rear wheel support module 102, and the front wheel support module 101 and the rear wheel support module 102 can be positioned. Structure 14.
  • a plurality of platform modules 17 arranged along the length direction of the vehicle are disposed between the front wheel support module 101 and the rear wheel support module 102, and a gap 18 exists between two adjacent platform modules 17, and the gap 18 is used to set the guide rail 4 or
  • the rack 4 is used for providing the driving track for the changing trolley 5 to enter or exit the power changing platform 1, determining the traveling direction of the changing trolley 5, and the rack is used for meshing with the gear on the changing trolley, and the control is changed.
  • the power exchange platform 1 adopts modular row setting, so that each module can be disassembled and assembled independently, which is convenient for transportation and installation. It should be noted that the battery pack management device 3 is omitted in FIG.
  • the lifting device 2 comprises a column structure 21 for arranging the lifting robot 22, a lifting robot 22 for lifting the vehicle, and a support mechanism 23 for supporting the lifting point of the vehicle.
  • the pillar structure 21 is fixed on both ends of the power exchange platform 1 in the vehicle width direction.
  • the pillar structure 21 is a double pillar structure or a four pillar structure.
  • the pillar structure 21 includes four pillars
  • the power exchange platform 1 is a rectangular structure
  • the four pillars are respectively disposed at four corners of the power exchange platform 1 At the office.
  • the lifting robot 22 is disposed on the column structure 21 and can be raised and lowered in the height direction along the column structure 21 to lift the vehicle; the supporting mechanism 23 and the lifting robot 22 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the supporting mechanism 23 is used to support the vehicle lifting point.
  • the lifting device 2 further includes: a synchronous lifting suspension chain 24 and a motor driving structure 25, wherein the synchronous lifting suspension chain 24 and the lifting robot arm 22 are respectively connected to drive all the lifting robot arms 22 to synchronously rise and lower; .
  • the motor drive structure 25 is used to drive the synchronous lift suspension chain 24 to cause the lift robot 22 to be lifted simultaneously.
  • the existing lifting device adopts the structure of the screw screw and the hydraulic cylinder, and the synchronization is relatively poor.
  • the invention adopts the motor driving structure 25 and the synchronous lifting suspension chain 24 to ensure the synchronization and consistency of the four lifting points during the vehicle lifting process. Sex.
  • the lifting device 2 shown in FIG. 3 is only an example, and the practical application is not limited to the above-described constituent structure.
  • the lifting device 2 is in the system.
  • the lifting device 2 includes a plurality of lifting columns 200.
  • the lifting column 200 includes a housing 201, a driving mechanism 202 disposed in the housing 201, and a lifting structure 203 driven by the driving mechanism 202.
  • the driving mechanism 202 drives the lifting structure 203 along the vertical direction. Move in direction.
  • the lifting device 2 further includes a plurality of lifting push rods 204 for supporting respective lifting points of the vehicle, the lifting push rods 204 are in one-to-one correspondence with the lifting columns 200, and are driven by the lifting structure 203 corresponding to the lifting columns 200 in the vertical direction. mobile.
  • the lifting column 200 has four, evenly distributed on both ends of the power changing platform 1 in the vehicle width direction, corresponding to four wheels.
  • the lifting putter also has four.
  • the lifting column 200 is set to be independently controlled, and the plurality of lifting columns 200 can be synchronously controlled.
  • the plurality of lifting columns 200 can also be independently controlled to compensate for the lifting point unevenness caused by the vehicle body weight deviation, that is, the height of each lifting point of the vehicle.
  • each lifting column 200 can be separately controlled so that the plurality of lifting points are at the same height, thereby improving the accuracy of the power exchange.
  • the electric change cart 5 includes a tightening mechanism 52 that can be raised and lowered in the height direction for ascending to a height capable of battery exchange with the vehicle, and detaching and mounting the battery pack.
  • the lifting mechanism 52 can be lifted by setting the lifting structure in the changing cart 5, and the power changing system shown in FIG. 8 can be used.
  • the changing cart 5 does not need to be lifted and lowered, and the tightening mechanism 52 only needs to be raised.
  • the battery pack can be replaced by the vehicle, the power exchange process is simple, and the power exchange efficiency is high.
  • the battery pack management device 3 includes a battery pack transceiver unit 31, a battery pack charging unit 32, a battery pack storage unit 33, and a control unit 34, wherein the battery pack transceiver unit 31 is configured to receive the transport trolley 5 The depleted battery pack, and the full-charge battery pack is output to the electric change trolley 5; the battery pack charging unit 32 is used to charge the depleted battery pack; the battery pack storage unit 33 is used to store the full-charged battery pack and the depleted battery The package can manage a plurality of battery packs at the same time, so that the power exchange operation of the plurality of vehicles can be continuously and uninterrupted, and the power exchange efficiency is high; and the control unit 34 is configured to control the battery transceiver unit 31 to receive or output the battery pack, The battery pack charging unit 32 is controlled to charge the battery pack, and the battery pack storage unit 33 is controlled to store the battery pack.
  • the battery pack management device 3 further includes a battery exchange port 35 through which the depleted battery pack delivered by the change cart 5 is received, and the full battery pack is output to the change cart 5.
  • the guide rail 4 extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the vehicle enters and exits the power exchange platform 1.
  • the guide rail 4 serves as a path for the power-exchange trolley 5 to enter and exit the power-changing platform 1, and the extending direction is convenient for the electric-changing trolley 5 to enter and exit and facilitate the power-changing operation, and can be adaptively adjusted.
  • the guide rail 4 includes two rails 41 arranged in parallel with each other, and a rack 42 parallel to the rails 41.
  • the track 41 extends from the battery pack management device 3 to the inside of the power exchange platform 1 for the reciprocating carriage 5 to reciprocate between the power exchange platform 1 and the battery pack management device 3.
  • the rack 42 is disposed at least in the power changing platform 1 for engaging with a gear (not shown) disposed on the power changing cart 5 to accurately control the moving distance of the changing cart 5 on the power changing platform 1. , improve the positioning accuracy of the electric car 5.
  • the rack 42 may be correspondingly disposed on a portion of the guide rail 13 adjacent to the automatic power changing system 1 to accurately control the distance of the electric change cart 5 relative to the automatic power changing system 1; or, the rack 42 may cover the entire The length of the guide rail 13 is used to precisely control the moving distance of the electric trolley 5 over the entire traveling path.
  • the two rails 41 and the rack 42 extending into the portion of the power-changing platform 1 are embedded in the power-changing platform 1 and are in the same plane as the power-changing platform 1, ensuring smooth rolling of the vehicle, control High precision, saving time in power exchange.
  • the rack 42 on the electric car 5 can not only enter the power exchange platform more quickly and accurately, but also control the parking position of the electric car 5 according to the end position of the rack, thereby improving the precision and efficiency of the electric change. .
  • the lifting device 2 raises the vehicle to a first preset height, and the position of the vehicle at the horizontal plane may also exist compared to the accurate power-changing position. A certain deviation, therefore, the camera positioning mechanism 16 can be set to further adjust the position of the vehicle to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the power exchange.
  • the lifting device 2 includes four lifting robot arms 22 and corresponding four supporting mechanisms 23 for supporting four lifting points of the vehicle, and the supporting mechanism 23 is provided with a photographing positioning mechanism 16 on the vehicle in the power changing platform.
  • the lifting device 12 is lifted to the first preset height, and the electric changing cart 5 is driven into the vehicle bottom, the photographing and positioning mechanism 16 performs photographing and positioning on the vehicle and the electric changing trolley.
  • the electric change trolley 5 is provided with a positioning pin 51 for cooperating with the vehicle body positioning hole, so that the electric change trolley 5 is aligned with the power changing position.
  • the photographing and positioning mechanism 16 includes a photographing unit 161, a calculating unit 162, and a fine adjustment unit 163, wherein the photographing unit 161 is configured to photograph the positioning pin 51 of the vehicle body positioning hole and the electric changing cart 5, and obtain
  • the photographing unit 161 may be a camera
  • the calculating unit 162 is configured to calculate the current vehicle position deviation according to the photographing data
  • the fine adjustment unit 163 is configured to adjust the supporting mechanism 23 according to the obtained vehicle position deviation, thereby adjusting the vehicle position.
  • the power changing trolley 5 is provided with a floating mechanism, so that the power changing trolley 5 can be adjusted in the horizontal plane, so that the power changing trolley 5 is aligned with the power changing position.
  • the floating mechanism floats The amount is sufficient to absorb the plane deviation between the changeover cart 5 and the vehicle, and the photographing and positioning mechanism 16 may not be provided.
  • the photographing positioning mechanism 16 and the floating mechanism can also be provided at the same time, and the position of the vehicle in the horizontal plane and the position of the electric change cart 5 in the horizontal plane can be adjusted, thereby aligning the electric changing cart 5 with the power changing position.
  • the fine adjustment unit 163 includes a driving portion 164 and a floating portion 165 disposed in different supporting mechanisms, and is arranged along the traveling direction; the driving portion 164 drives the corresponding supporting mechanism 23 to move in the traveling direction, so that the corresponding vehicle is lifted.
  • the point moves to drive the vehicle to move;
  • the floating portion 165 is arranged to be able to float with the movement of the vehicle, thereby realizing the adjustment of the position of the vehicle, the fine adjustment unit 163 includes at least one driving portion 164, and other portions in contact with the vehicle are set to float
  • the portion 164 floats following the movement of the vehicle.
  • the floating portion 165 includes a floating unit 167, a supporting unit 168, and a reset unit 169, wherein the floating unit 167 is for floating in a horizontal plane; the floating unit 167 and the supporting unit 168 realize rolling contact by the universal ball 170; the reset unit 169 It is connected to the floating unit 167 for resetting the floating unit 167.
  • the floating unit 167 includes: a connecting post 171, and a first floating plate 172 and a second floating plate 173 connected to each other at both ends of the connecting post 171; the supporting unit 168 is provided for the connecting post 171 to be worn.
  • the through hole 174, the first floating plate 172 and the second floating plate 173 are respectively located outside the through hole 174 and are in rolling contact with the supporting unit 168 through the universal ball 170, and the connecting post 171 and the through hole wall 175 are disposed.
  • the operating method when performing automatic power changing, includes the following steps, as shown in FIG.
  • Step S1 The vehicle enters the power exchange platform 1 and performs the first positioning of the vehicle;
  • the driving direction is determined by the slope structure 12 and the guiding structure 13, and the driving structure 11 is driven through the slope structure 12, and the slope structure 12 can be installed along the switching platform 1 according to the user's personal habits or the privacy of the site.
  • the user can choose to drive the vehicle forward into the power exchange platform 1 or into the power exchange platform 1 to further enhance the user experience.
  • Step S2 the lifting device 2 lifts the vehicle to a first preset height
  • Step S3 the empty power-changing trolley 5 enters the bottom of the vehicle, and performs a second positioning on the vehicle, and the power-changing trolley 5 removes the defective battery pack and transfers the defective battery pack to the battery pack management device 3;
  • the electric car 5 can be lifted by the whole, or the tightening mechanism 52 of the electric car 5 can be brought into contact with the vehicle chassis. If the lifting height of the changing cart 5 and the tightening mechanism 52 is limited, it is not enough to make the changing cart 5 contact the chassis of the vehicle, and the height of the vehicle can be lowered to bring the changing cart 5 into contact with the vehicle, thereby achieving the height direction. Precise power change position.
  • the second positioning process can be completed by the camera positioning mechanism 16 disposed on the lifting device 2, including:
  • the vehicle position is adjusted based on the obtained vehicle position deviation.
  • the positioning adjustment in the horizontal plane that is, the second positioning
  • the photographing positioning mechanism 16 and the floating mechanism are simultaneously provided, and by simultaneously adjusting the photographing positioning mechanism 16 and the floating mechanism, the vehicle and the electric changing cart 5 reach the precise power changing position in the horizontal plane.
  • Step S4 the battery pack management device 3 delivers the full battery pack to the change trolley 5, and the change trolley 5 enters the bottom of the vehicle, and installs the full battery pack to the vehicle to complete the power exchange.
  • the power change position can be reached by lifting the vehicle or lifting the truck 5.
  • the parts of the automatic power changing system of the invention are independently arranged, and the components are small in size, light in weight, easy to install, and can be transported separately. Therefore, the whole system is simple, reliable, easy to operate, easy to implement, convenient to transport, and modularized. And miniaturization.
  • the vehicle is coarsely positioned and accurately positioned, which improves the accuracy of power exchange and the efficiency of power exchange.
  • the automatic power change system 1 is applicable to various parking lots and most car repair station requirements, and can be widely applied to various places. All the processes of the automatic power changing method of the invention can be automatically completed by the control device, no manual power exchange is needed, the manpower is saved, the power exchange process is simple, the operation is easy, and the power exchange efficiency is improved.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动汽车的自动换电系统，包括：换电平台（1），用于支撑和定位车辆；设置在换电平台（1）上的举升装置（2），用于将车辆举升到第一预设高度，第一预设高度为车辆换电时距离换电平台（1）的高度；电池包管理装置（3），设置在换电平台（1）的一侧，用于接收亏电电池包以及提供满电电池包；导轨（4），一端伸入换电平台（1）内，另一端延伸至电池包管理装置（3）；换电小车（5），设置于导轨（4）上，并可沿导轨（4）往复移动，以完成电池包在车辆和电池包管理装置（3）之间的运送。该自动换电系统操作容易，易实施，换电精度和换电效率高，可广泛适用于多种场所。

Description

电动汽车的自动换电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车的电池更换技术领域，尤其涉及一种电动汽车的自动换电系统。
背景技术
电动汽车可以通过存储在电池中的电能驱动交通工具行驶，减少了车辆对化石能源的依赖，是解决国家能源安全问题的一个重要手段。动力电池是电动汽车的核心，动力电池续航能力是用户和企业的关注重点。因此，如何快速便捷为动力电池补充电能成电动汽车使用和推广的重要因素，而目前的电池充电技术无法实现像加油一样，几分钟内完成充电，因此，更换电池成为目前高效便捷的电动汽车电能补充的方法。
现有的自动换电系统多为嵌入式自动换电系统，将整个换电小车布置在地面以下，地面上方仅留一个槽用于槽底部的电池更换，这类自动换电站不可移动，需要先进性土建，建设成本高，不方便维护，一般用在室内，室外恶劣天气下无法进行工作，适用范围小。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种电动汽车的自动换电系统，所述自动换电系统分别由体积小、重量轻便、易安装、方便运输的各个部分组成，整个系统结构简单、安全可靠、操作容易，易实施，可广泛在各个场所推广。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种电动汽车的自动换电系统，包括:
换电平台，用于支撑和定位车辆；
设置在换电平台上的举升装置，用于将车辆举升到第一预设高度,所述第一预设高度为车辆换电时距离所述换电平台的高度；
电池包管理装置，设置在所述换电平台的一侧，用于接收亏电电池包以及提供满电电池包；
导轨，一端伸入所述换电平台内，另一端延伸至所述电池包管理装置；
换电小车，设置于所述导轨上，并能沿所述导轨往复移动，以完成电池包在车辆和电池包管理装置之间的运送。
进一步的，所述自动换电系统还包括控制模块，用于协调和控制所述 自动换电系统各个组成部分工作。
进一步的，设行车方向为X方向，车宽方向为Y方向，所述换电平台包括：
平台主体，用于支撑车辆；
斜坡结构，设置在所述平台主体沿X方向的至少一端；
导向结构，设置在所述平台主体沿Y方向的两端；
定位结构，用于限定车辆的停止位置，以及对车辆前后轮进行定位和调整，将车辆调整至预设换电位置。
进一步的，所述换电平台包括前轮支撑模块和后轮支撑模块，所述前轮支撑模块和后轮支撑模块之间设有沿车长方向排列的多个平台模块，相邻两个所述平台模块之间存在间隙，所述间隙用于设置导轨或齿条，所述导轨用于为换电小车驶入或驶出换电平台提供行驶轨道，确定换电小车的行驶方向，所述齿条用于与换电小车上的齿轮相啮合。
进一步的，所述举升装置包括多个提升立柱，所述提升立柱包括壳体、设于所述壳体内的驱动机构以及由所述驱动机构驱动的提升结构，所述驱动机构带动所述提升结构沿竖直方向移动。
进一步的，所述举升装置还包括多个提升推杆，分别用于支撑车辆的各个提升点，所述提升推杆与所述提升立柱一一对应，并由对应提升立柱的所述提升结构带动沿竖直方向移动。
进一步的，所述换电小车包括能沿高度方向升降的拧紧机构，用于上升至能够与车辆进行电池交换的高度，拆卸和安装电池包。
进一步的，所述举升装置包括：
立柱结构，固接在所述换电平台上沿车宽方向的两端；
提升机械臂，设置在所述立柱结构上，能沿所述立柱结构在高度方向上升降，以举升车辆；
支撑机构，每一所述提升机械臂上分别对应地设有所述支撑机构，所述支撑机构用于支撑车辆提升点。
进一步的，所述举升装置还包括：
同步提升悬挂链，与所述提升机械臂分别连接，以驱动所有的所述提升机械臂同步升降；
电机驱动结构，用于驱动所述同步提升悬挂链，使所述提升机械臂同步进行提升。
进一步的，所述支撑机构上设有拍照定位机构，用于在车辆被举升装置提升至第一预设高度，且换电小车驶入车底后，对车辆和换电小车进行 拍照定位。
进一步的，所述拍照定位机构包括：
拍照单元，用于对车身定位孔及换电小车的定位销进行拍照，得到拍照数据；
计算单元，用于根据所述拍照数据计算当前车辆位置偏差；
设于所述支撑机构的微调单元，用于根据所得到的车辆位置偏差调整车辆位置。
进一步的，所述微调单元包括设于不同所述支撑机构的驱动部和浮动部，且沿行车方向排布；其中，
所述驱动部驱动对应的所述支撑机构沿所述行车方向移动，从而带动车辆移动；
所述浮动部被设置为能够随车辆的移动而浮动，从而实现车辆位置的调整。
进一步的，所述浮动部包括：
浮动单元、支撑单元和复位单元，其中，
所述浮动单元用于在水平面内浮动；
所述浮动单元和所述支撑单元通过万向球实现滚动接触；
所述复位单元与浮动单元相连，用于使所述浮动单元复位。
进一步的，所述电池包管理装置包括：
电池包收发单元，用于接收所述换电小车输送的亏电电池包，以及将满电电池包输出给换电小车；
电池包充电单元，用于为亏电电池包进行充电；
电池包存储单元，用于存储满电电池包及亏电电池包；
控制单元，用于控制所述电池收发单元接收或输出电池包、控制所述电池包充电单元为电池包充电，以及控制所述电池包存储单元存储电池包。
进一步的，所述电池包管理装置还包括电池交换口，通过所述电池交换口接收亏电电池包以及输出满电电池包。
本发明与现有技术相比具有明显的优点和有益效果。借由上述技术方案，本发明一种电动汽车的自动换电系统可达到相当的技术进步性及实用性，并具有产业上的广泛利用价值，其至少具有下列优点：
(1)本发明所述自动换电系统各部分独立设置，各组成部分体积小、重量轻便、易安装，可单独运输，因此，整个系统结构简单、可靠、操作容易、易实施、运输方便，实现了模块化和小型化。
(2)所有过程均可通过控制装置自动完成，无需人工换电，节省了人 力。
(3)换电过程中，对车辆进行粗定位和精确定位，提高了换电准确性和换电效率。
(4)采用所述自动换电系统进行换电时，可实现仅占用两个停车位空间，适用与各个停车场和大部分汽车维修站需求，可广泛适用于多种场所。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例，并配合附图,详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电系示意图。
图2为本发明一实施例提供的自动换电系统的换电平台示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例提供的自动换电系统的换电系统局部放大图。
图4为本发明一实施例提供的自动换电系统的电池包管理装置示意图。
图5为本发明一实施例提供的自动换电系统的拍照定位机构示意图。
图6为本发明一实施例提供的自动换电系统的微调单元示意图。
图7为图6A-A剖视图。
图8为本发明另一实施例提供的的自动换电系示意图。
图9为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电方法流程图。
【符号说明】
1：换电平台                   2：举升装置
3：电池包管理装置             4：导轨
5：换电小车
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的一种电动汽车的自动换电系统的具体实施方式及其功效，详细说明如后。
本发明提供了一种电动汽车的自动换电系统，如图1所示，包括换电平台1，举升装置2，电池包管理装置3，导轨4和换电小车5。其中，换电平台1用于支撑和定位车辆；举升装置2设置在换电平台1上的，用于将车辆举升到第一预设高度,第一预设高度为车辆换电时距离所述换电平台1的高度，第一预设高度根据待换电车辆车型等因素进行设定。
需要说明的是，所述第一预设高度并不限定于一个高度值，也可以是 一个高度范围，即允许车辆可在一定高度范围内再次调整。例如，在一些实施例中，可以先将车辆提升至一个规定的高度值不变，然后通过调整换电小车5的位置来进行换电操作，此时该规定的高度值则为第一预设高度；在另一些实施例中，可以先将车辆提升至该高度范围内的某个位置，然后再根据换电小车5的位置再次调整车辆在该高度范围升降、以匹配换电小车的位置，此时该高度范围则统称为第一预设高度。概而言之，第一预设高度并非某一个固定的位置，而是一个可实施换电的位置范围，举升装置2后续可根据换电小车5的举升高度及水平位置，在可实施换电的位置范围内调整车辆高度、调整水平位置，从而使车辆和换电小车5对准换电，该可实施换电的高度范围均属于第一预设高度。
电池包管理装置3设置在换电平台1的一侧，用于接收亏电电池包以及提供满电电池包；导轨4的一端伸入换电平台1内，另一端延伸至电池包管理装置3，换电小车5设置于导轨4上，并可沿导轨往4往复移动，以完成电池包在车辆和电池包管理装置之间的运送。
需要说明的是，本发明亏电电池包指的是换电过程中从车辆上拆卸下来的电池包，并非限定从车辆上拆卸下来的电池包为完全亏电状态。同理，满电电池包指的是换电过程中为车辆安装的电池包，并非限定为车辆安装的电池包为完全满电状态。
本发明的电动汽车泛指具有可更换电池包的车辆，并不仅限定为纯电动汽车，也可以为混动汽车。
自动换电系统还包括控制模块8，如图8所示，(图1中未示出)，用于协调和控制自动换电系统各个组成部分工作。控制模块8可设置在换电平台1上，通过有线、无线或远程控制等方式对换电系统各个模块进行控制。控制模块还可单独设置在换电系统中或换电系统的其他组成部件上，例如设置在举升装置2上，控制装置8可以包括电气控制柜和配电柜。
以下分别对所述自动换电系统的个组成部分进行详细的描述:
(一)换电平台
如图2所示，换电平台1包括用于支撑车辆的平台主体11，用于引导车辆进出平台主体11的斜坡结构12，用于对车辆进入平台主体11时进行导向的导向结构13，以及用于限定车辆的在平台主体11的停止位置，以及对车辆前后轮进行定位和调整，将车辆调整至预设换电位置的定位结构14。
其中，平台主体11用于支撑车辆，供车辆行驶至换电位置。其中，平台主体11中的各组成部分之间的空隙可以采用玻璃钢格栅填充，既能保证 车辆平稳驶入换电平台1，又能减轻换电平台1的重量。
如图2所示的示例中，斜坡结构12设置在平台主体11沿行车方向的两端，或者也可以只设置于一端。斜坡结构12包括斜坡主体15和转轴160，斜坡主体15通过转轴160与平台主体11相连，并围绕转轴160翻转，从而使斜坡结构12收起或放下。车辆驶入驶出换电平台1时将斜坡结构12打开，其他时候可将斜坡结构12收起，以节约换电系统的占地面积。
导向结构13与斜坡结构12对应，设置于平台主体11上，且延伸至斜坡结构12。具体地，导向结构13包括成对设置的导向件，分别布置在平台主体11沿车宽方向的两端，两端的导向件之间的空间限定为允许车辆通过的区域，由此，可以防止车辆在进出平台主体11的过程中偏离轨迹而掉出平台主体11。作为一种示例，导向结构13为导向杆，导向杆的延伸方向基本与行车方向平行，在车辆驶入过程中，斜坡结构12和导向结构13可以共同作为参照，以引导车辆正向驶入换电平台1，从而使停车位置更接近于理想位置。
当车辆驶入平台主体11后，将通过定位结构14对车辆前后轮进行定位和调整，将车辆调整至预设换电位置。
如图2所示的示例中，行车方向为X方向，车宽方向为Y方向，定位结构14包括用于调整车辆X方向位置的X方向定位单元6和用于调整车辆Y方向位置的Y方向定位单元7。
其中，X方向定位单元6包括凹槽61，用于支撑车轮，可以为前轮或者后轮，当车轮驶入凹槽61时被确定为驶入车辆沿X方向的停止位置。以X方向定位单元6用于支撑车辆前轮进行说明，Y方向定位单元7包括前轮Y方向定位单元71和后轮Y方向定位单元72，分别设于与车辆前轮、后轮对应的位置；其中，前轮Y方向定位单元71包括前轮推杆电机711和设置在前轮推杆电机711沿Y方向两端的前轮推杆712；前轮推杆电机711用于驱动前轮推杆712移动；前轮推杆712用于推动前轮移动，从而对前轮进行Y方向定位。后轮Y方向定位单元72包括后轮推杆电机721和设置在后轮推杆电机721沿Y方向两端的后轮推杆722；后轮推杆电机721用于驱动后轮推杆722移动；后轮推杆722用于推动后轮移动，从而对后轮进行Y方向定位。
图2所示换电平台1仅为一示例，实际应用并不限于上述组成结构，作为图2所示换电平台1的一种变形，换电平台1还可以模块化形式进行设置，如图8所示的电动汽车的自动换电系统中的换电平台1，换电平台1包括前轮支撑模块101和后轮支撑模块102，前轮支撑模块101和后轮支撑模块102上可设置定位结构14。前轮支撑模块101和后轮支撑模块102之 间设有沿车长方向排列的多个平台模块17，相邻两个所述平台模块17之间存在间隙18，间隙18用于设置导轨4或齿条，导轨4用于为换电小车5驶入或驶出换电平台1提供行驶轨道，确定换电小车5的行驶方向，齿条用于与换电小车上的齿轮相啮合，控制换电小车5的移动距离。换电平台1采用模块化行设置，使每个模块可独立拆装，从而方便运输和安装。需要说明是，图8中省略了电池包管理装置3。
(二)举升装置
如图3所示，举升装置2包括：用于设置提升机械臂22的立柱结构21，用于举升车辆的提升机械臂22以及用于支撑车辆提升点的支撑机构23。
其中，立柱结构21固接在换电平台1上沿车宽方向的两端。其中，立柱结构21为双立柱结构或四立柱结构，在一些实施例中，立柱结构21包括四根立柱，换电平台1为矩形结构，四根立柱分别设置在换电平台1的四个角处。提升机械臂22设置在立柱结构21上，可沿立柱结构21在高度方向上升降，以举升车辆；支撑机构23和提升机械臂22一一对应，支撑机构23用于支撑车辆提升点。
举升装置2还包括：同步提升悬挂链24和电机驱动结构25，其中，同步提升悬挂链24与提升机械臂22分别连接，以驱动所有的所述提升机械臂22同步升降；确保车辆平稳提升。电机驱动结构25用于驱动同步提升悬挂链24，使提升机械臂22同步进行提升。现有举升装置采用丝杠螺杆及液压气缸的结构，同步性比较差，本发明采用电机驱动结构25及同步提升悬挂链24保证了车辆举升过程中四个举升点的同步性和一致性。
图3所示的举升装置2仅为一种示例，实际应用并不限于上述组成结构，作为图2所示举升装置2的一种变形，如图8所示的电动汽车的自动换电系统中举升装置2。举升装置2包括多个提升立柱200，提升立柱200包括壳体201、设于壳体201内的驱动机构202以及由驱动机构202驱动的提升结构203，驱动机构202带动提升结构203沿竖直方向移动。举升装置2还包括多个提升推杆204，分别用于支撑车辆的各个提升点，提升推杆204与提升立柱200一一对应，并由对应提升立柱200的提升结构203带动沿竖直方向移动。
图8所示示例中，提升立柱200具有4个，均匀分布在换电平台1上沿车宽方向的两端，分别对应四个车轮。相应的，提升推杆也具有4个。
提升立柱200设置为独立控制，既可以实现多个提升立柱200同步控制，多个提升立柱200也可以分开独立控制以补偿车体重量偏差产生的提升点不平量，即当车辆各个提升点的高度有偏差时，可分别控制每个提升 立柱200，使得多个提升点在处于同一高度，从而提高换电的准确度。
图8所示示例中，换电小车5包括可沿高度方向升降的拧紧机构52，用于上升至能够与车辆进行电池交换的高度，拆卸和安装电池包。可通过在换电小车5中设置举升结构的方式，举升拧紧机构52，图8所示的换电系统，换电过程中，换电小车5无需整体升降，只需将拧紧机构52上升至能够与车辆进行电池交换的高度，为车辆更换电池包即可，换电流程简单，换电效率高。
(三)电池包管理装置
如图4所示，电池包管理装置3包括：电池包收发单元31，电池包充电单元32，电池包存储单元33和控制单元34，其中，电池包收发单元31用于接收换电小车5输送的亏电电池包，以及将满电电池包输出给换电小车5；电池包充电单元32用于为亏电电池包进行充电；电池包存储单元33用于存储满电电池包及亏电电池包，且可同时管理多个电池包，因此可连续不间断的完成多辆车的换电工作，换电效率高；控制单元34，用于控制所述电池收发单元31接收或输出电池包、控制电池包充电单元32为电池包充电，以及控制电池包存储单元33存储电池包。
如图1所示，电池包管理装置3还包括电池交换口35，通过所述电池交换口35接收换电小车5输送的亏电电池包，以及将满电电池包输出给换电小车5。
(四)导轨
如图3，作为一种示例，导轨4的延伸方向与车辆进出换电平台1的行车方向垂直。但应当理解，导轨4作为换电小车5进出换电平台1的路径，延伸方向以方便换电小车5进出和方便换电操作为准，可以作适应性调整。
导轨4包括两条互相平行设置的轨道41，以及与轨道41平行的齿条42。轨道41从电池包管理装置3延伸至换电平台1内部，以供换电小车5在换电平台1和电池包管理装置3之间往复运动。齿条42至少设于换电平台1内，用于与设置在换电小车5上的齿轮(图中未示出)相啮合，以精确控制换电小车5在换电平台1上的移动距离，提高换电小车5的定位精度。在另一些示例中，可以在导轨13靠近自动换电系统1的部分对应设置齿条42，以精确控制换电小车5相对于自动换电系统1的距离；或者，齿条42也可以覆盖整个导轨13的长度，以精确控制换电小车5在整个行走路径上的移动距离。
在图3所示的示例中，延伸入换电平台1的部分的两条轨道41和齿条42嵌入在换电平台1中，且与换电平台1在同一平面，保证车辆滚动平稳， 控制精度高，能够节省换电时间。换电小车5上的齿条42既能使换电小车5更加快速准确的进入换电平台，又能根据齿条的终止位置控制换电小车5的停车位置，提高了换电的精度和效率。
(五)拍照定位机构
在一些实施例中，在换电平台1对车辆进行粗定位之后，举升装置2将车辆提升到第一预设高度，此时车辆在水平面的位置相较于准确的换电位置还可能存在一定的偏差，因此，可以设置拍照定位机构16对车辆位置进行进一步调整，以提高换电的准确度和效率。具体的，举升装置2包括四个提升机械臂22以及对应四个支撑机构23，分别用于支撑车辆的四个提升点，支撑机构23上设置有拍照定位机构16，在车辆在换电平台1上定位完成、被提升装置12提升至第一预设高度、且换电小车5驶入车底后，拍照定位机构16对车辆和换电小车进行拍照定位。换电小车5上设有定位销51，用于与车身定位孔相配合，使换电小车5对准换电位置。
如图5所示示例中，拍照定位机构16包括拍照单元161，计算单元162，以及微调单元163，其中，拍照单元161用于对车身定位孔及换电小车5的定位销51进行拍照，得到拍照数据，拍照单元161可以为相机；计算单元162用于根据拍照数据计算当前车辆位置偏差；微调单元163用于根据所得到的车辆位置偏差调整支撑机构23，从而对车辆位置进行调整。在另外一些实施例中，换电小车5上设有浮动机构，使换电小车5能够在水平面内进行调整，使换电小车5对准换电位置，这种情况下，如果浮动机构的浮动量足以吸收换电小车5和车辆之间的平面偏差，则可不设置拍照定位机构16。但可以理解的是，也可同时设置拍照定位机构16以及浮动机构，通过调整车辆在水平面的位置以及换电小车5在水平面内的位置，从而使换电小车5对准换电位置。
如图6所示，微调单元163包括设置于不同支撑机构的驱动部164和浮动部165，且沿行车方向排布；驱动部164驱动对应的支撑机构23沿行车方向移动，使对应的车辆提升点移动，从而带动车辆移动；浮动部165被设置为能够随车辆的移动而浮动，从而实现车辆位置的调整，微调单元163包括至少一个驱动部164，其他与车辆相接触的部位均设置为浮动部164，跟随车辆移动而浮动。
浮动部165包括：浮动单元167、支撑单元168和复位单元169，其中，浮动单元167用于在水平面内浮动；浮动单元167和支撑单元168通过万向球170实现滚动接触；所述复位单元169与浮动单元167相连，用于使浮动单元167复位。
如图7所示，浮动单元167包括：连接柱171，以及分连接于连接柱171两端且相互平行的第一浮动板172和第二浮动板173；支撑单元168设有供连接柱171穿过的通孔174，第一浮动板172和第二浮动板173分别位于通孔174外并与支撑单元168之间通过万向球170实现滚动接触，连接柱171和通孔壁175之间设有浮动间隙176；第一浮动板172和第二浮动板173中的至少一个设有复位单元169。
基于上述自动换电系统，如图8所示，当执行自动换电时，操作方法包括以下步骤，如图9所示：
步骤S1、车辆驶入换电平台1并对车辆进行第一次定位；
车辆驶入后中，通过斜坡结构12和导向结构13确定行车方向，通过斜坡结构12，驶入换电平台11，可根据用户个人习惯或场地等隐私设置斜坡结构12在换电平台1沿行车方向的一端或两端，用户可选择将车辆正向驶入换电平台1或倒入换电平台1，进一步提升用户体验。
步骤S2、举升装置2将车辆举升到第一预设高度；
步骤S3、空载的换电小车5驶入车辆底部，对车辆进行第二次定位，换电小车5将亏电电池包取下并将亏电电池包转运给电池包管理装置3；
需要说明的是，换电小车5驶入换电平台1后，可通过整体举升换电小车5，或者举升换电小车5的拧紧机构52与车辆底盘相接触。若换电小车5和拧紧机构52的举升高度有限，不足以使换电小车5与车辆底盘相接触，也可通过降低车辆高度，使换电小车5与车辆相接触，从而在高度方向达到精确的换电位置。
在水平面内，第二次定位过程可通过举升装置2上设置的拍照定位机构16来完成，具体包括：
对车身定位孔及换电小车5的定位销进行拍照，得到拍照数据；
根据拍照数据计算当前车辆位置偏差；
根据所得到的车辆位置偏差对车辆位置进行调整。
或者通过换电小车5上设置的浮动机构对换电小车5进行水平面内的定位调整，即第二次定位。或者同时设置拍照定位机构16以及浮动机构，通过同时调整拍照定位机构16以及浮动机构，使车辆和换电小车5在水平面内到达精确的换电位置。
通过进行第二次定位，提高了换电的准确性，也防止出现位置误差大于阈值致使重新降落车辆进行第一次定位过程的状况，从而节省了换电时间，提高了换电效率。步骤S4、电池包管理装置3将满电电池包输送给换电小车5，换电小车5驶入车辆底部，将满电电池包安装到车上，完成换电。
需要注意，在各种实现方案中，都可以通过升降车辆或者升降换电小 车5的方式来到达换电位置。
本发明自动换电系统各部分独立设置，各组成部分体积小、重量轻便、易安装，可单独运输运输，因此，整个系统结构简单、可靠、操作容易、易实施、方便运输，实现了模块化和小型化。换电过程中，对车辆进行粗定位和精确定位，提高了换电准确性和换电效率。此外，自动换电系统1适用与各个停车场和大部分汽车维修站需求，可广泛适用于多种场所。本发明自动换电方法的所有过程均可通过控制装置自动完成，无需人工换电，节省了人力，换电过程简单，易操作，提高了换电效率。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：包括:
    换电平台，用于支撑和定位车辆；
    设置在换电平台上的举升装置，用于将车辆举升到第一预设高度,所述第一预设高度为车辆换电时距离所述换电平台的高度；
    电池包管理装置，设置在所述换电平台的一侧，用于接收亏电电池包以及提供满电电池包；
    导轨，一端伸入所述换电平台内，另一端延伸至所述电池包管理装置；
    换电小车，设置于所述导轨上，并能沿所述导轨往复移动，以完成电池包在车辆和电池包管理装置之间的运送。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述自动换电系统还包括控制模块，用于协调和控制所述自动换电系统各个组成部分工作。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    设行车方向为X方向，车宽方向为Y方向，所述换电平台包括：
    平台主体，用于支撑车辆；
    斜坡结构，设置在所述平台主体沿X方向的至少一端；
    导向结构，设置在所述平台主体沿Y方向的两端；
    定位结构，用于限定车辆的停止位置，以及对车辆前后轮进行定位和调整，将车辆调整至预设换电位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述换电平台包括前轮支撑模块和后轮支撑模块，所述前轮支撑模块和后轮支撑模块之间设有沿车长方向排列的多个平台模块，相邻两个所述平台模块之间存在间隙，所述间隙用于设置导轨或齿条，所述导轨用于为换电小车驶入或驶出换电平台提供行驶轨道，确定换电小车的行驶方向，所述齿条用于与换电小车上的齿轮相啮合。
  5. 根据权利要求1或4所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述举升装置包括多个提升立柱，所述提升立柱包括壳体、设于所述壳体内的驱动机构以及由所述驱动机构驱动的提升结构，所述驱动机构带动所述提升结构沿竖直方向移动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述举升装置还包括多个提升推杆，分别用于支撑车辆的各个提升点，所述提升推杆与所述提升立柱一一对应，并由对应提升立柱的所述提升结 构带动沿竖直方向移动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述换电小车包括能沿高度方向升降的拧紧机构，用于上升至能够与车辆进行电池交换的高度，拆卸和安装电池包。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述举升装置包括：
    立柱结构，固接在所述换电平台上沿车宽方向的两端；
    提升机械臂，设置在所述立柱结构上，能沿所述立柱结构在高度方向上升降，以举升车辆；
    支撑机构，每一所述提升机械臂上分别对应地设有所述支撑机构，所述支撑机构用于支撑车辆提升点。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述举升装置还包括：
    同步提升悬挂链，与所述提升机械臂分别连接，以驱动所有的所述提升机械臂同步升降；
    电机驱动结构，用于驱动所述同步提升悬挂链，使所述提升机械臂同步进行提升。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述支撑机构上设有拍照定位机构，用于在车辆被举升装置提升至第一预设高度，且换电小车驶入车底后，对车辆和换电小车进行拍照定位。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述拍照定位机构包括：
    拍照单元，用于对车身定位孔及换电小车的定位销进行拍照，得到拍照数据；
    计算单元，用于根据所述拍照数据计算当前车辆位置偏差；
    设于所述支撑机构的微调单元，用于根据所得到的车辆位置偏差调整车辆位置。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述微调单元包括设于不同所述支撑机构的驱动部和浮动部，且沿行车方向排布；其中，
    所述驱动部驱动对应的所述支撑机构沿所述行车方向移动，从而带动车辆移动；
    所述浮动部被设置为能够随车辆的移动而浮动，从而实现车辆位置的调整。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述浮动部包括：浮动单元、支撑单元和复位单元，其中，
    所述浮动单元用于在水平面内浮动；
    所述浮动单元和所述支撑单元通过万向球实现滚动接触；
    所述复位单元与浮动单元相连，用于使所述浮动单元复位。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述电池包管理装置包括：
    电池包收发单元，用于接收所述换电小车输送的亏电电池包，以及将满电电池包输出给换电小车；
    电池包充电单元，用于为亏电电池包进行充电；
    电池包存储单元，用于存储满电电池包及亏电电池包；
    控制单元，用于控制所述电池收发单元接收或输出电池包、控制所述电池包充电单元为电池包充电，以及控制所述电池包存储单元存储电池包。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电系统，其特征在于：
    所述电池包管理装置还包括电池交换口，通过所述电池交换口接收亏电电池包以及输出满电电池包。
PCT/CN2018/084433 2017-09-12 2018-04-25 电动汽车的自动换电系统 WO2019052184A1 (zh)

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