WO2019098264A1 - Cd31陽性cd45陰性cd200陽性の哺乳動物細胞からなる細胞集団、およびその利用 - Google Patents
Cd31陽性cd45陰性cd200陽性の哺乳動物細胞からなる細胞集団、およびその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5014—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing toxicity
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
- G01N33/5073—Stem cells
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- C12N2509/00—Methods for the dissociation of cells, e.g. specific use of enzymes
- C12N2509/10—Mechanical dissociation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cell population consisting of mammalian cells of CD31-positive, CD45-negative and CD200-positive, and a medicament containing the cell population as an active ingredient.
- Hematopoietic stem cells present in the bone marrow maintain myelopoiesis over a long period of time by their ability to divide in an undifferentiated state (self-replication ability) and to differentiate into mature blood cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells and platelet-producing precursor cells. It is known to do.
- vascular endothelial cells that form the lumen of blood vessels have been considered to maintain blood vessels for a lifetime by slow division as mature vascular endothelial cells when they occur in the fetal stage. That is, in the vascular system, it was not thought that stem cells supporting the blood vessel for a long time were present.
- the present inventors consider that there may be cells such as vascular endothelial stem cells capable of producing a large amount of vascular endothelial cells even in existing blood vessels, and Hoechst is known as a tissue stem cell isolation method. Methods were used to determine if the vascular endothelial cells were heterologous.
- the Hoechst method is a method utilizing the fact that tissue stem cells have higher ability to excrete drugs (foreign substances) compared to other differentiated cells.
- the DNA staining dye Hoechst 33342 is incorporated into cells, some of the cells having high ability to excrete Hoechst 33342 exhibit stem cell nature.
- SP cell population the population of the side endothelial cells
- MP cell population the main population cells that can not excrete Hoechst
- Non-Patent Document 1 Conventionally, it has been reported that vascular endothelial precursor cells are present in the bone marrow, and revascularization therapy using these cells is performed.
- Non-patent Document 1 vascular endothelial stem cell-like cells found in muscle vascular endothelial cells are not cells derived from bone marrow.
- An object of the present invention is to identify a vascular endothelial stem cell and a vascular endothelial stem cell population by a cell surface marker, and to provide a drug containing the vascular endothelial stem cell and the vascular endothelial stem cell population as active ingredients.
- the present invention includes the following inventions in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- a cell population consisting essentially of mammalian cells positive for cell surface markers CD31 and CD200 and negative for CD45.
- [8] The vascular endothelial stem cell according to the above [6] or [7], wherein the mammal is a human.
- a medicament comprising the cell population of any one of [1] to [5] or the vascular endothelial stem cells of any of [6] to [8] as an active ingredient.
- [10] For regeneration of blood vessels, for improving ischemia, for improving malnutrition, for treating vascular malformations, for improving blood flow failure due to vascular malformations, for promoting organ regeneration, or for abnormality of molecules secreted from vascular endothelial cells The medicine according to the above-mentioned [9], which is for the prevention and / or treatment of a resulting disease.
- the disease to be ameliorated by the transgene product is hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand's disease, cancer, age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune disease, rheumatism, dementia, diabetes, hypertension
- a method for evaluating the toxicity of a test substance to blood vessels (1) culturing the cell population according to any one of the above [1] to [5] using a culture medium containing a test substance and a culture medium not containing the test substance; (2) measuring the cell proliferation level after culture; (3) Toxicity evaluation characterized in that it comprises a step of comparing the cell proliferation level when cultured with a medium containing a test substance with the cell proliferation level when cultured with a medium not containing a test substance Method.
- the present invention can provide a vascular endothelial stem cell population and a vascular endothelial stem cell.
- a vascular endothelial stem cell population for revascularization, for improving ischemia, for improving malnutrition, for treating vascular malformation, for improving blood flow failure due to vascular malformation, for promoting organ regeneration, or blood vessel
- a vascular endothelial stem cell that expresses a transgene it is possible to provide a medicine for treating a disease that is improved by the transgene product.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of examination of revascularization of the liver. It is a figure which shows the result of having stained the frozen section of the liver of the hemophilia A model mouse which transplanted the CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cell with anti-EGFP antibody and anti-CD31 antibody.
- (A) shows the results of observing the liver of the SP cell population or the cells of the MP cell population in the liver of a mouse undergoing 70% partial hepatectomy and observing the liver after 7 days with a fluorescence microscope
- (A) is a liver to which cells of the MP cell population have been transplanted. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the weight of the liver 7 days after transplanting the cell of the cell of SP cell population, or the cell of MP cell population to the liver of the mouse which performed 70% partial hepatectomy.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of measurement of mRNA expression levels of Wnt2 and HGF in cells (Pre) of the SP cell population of (A): results of Wnt2, (B): results of HGF.
- Immunofluorescent staining was performed on cells prepared by digesting and dispersing mouse retina, brain, heart, skin, muscle tissue and lung, and each CD31 positive CD45 negative CD157 positive CD200 positive cells were collected for colony formation assay It is a figure which shows a result.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the result which immunofluorescently stained the liver of the recipient mouse of FIG. 11 and observed it with a confocal microscope, As a result of having stained with (A) anti-GFP antibody, (B) anti-CD31 antibody result, the lower berth is a figure It is an enlarged image within the dotted line frame of (around the sinusoid).
- the cell suspension was prepared from the liver of the recipient mouse in FIG.
- (A) shows the result of flow cytometric analysis with anti-GFP antibody staining and forward scattered light (FSC)
- B shows (A) It is the result of performing flow cytometry analysis by staining cells (GFP positive cells) in the frame of) with anti-CD157 antibody and anti-CD200 antibody. It is a figure which shows the result of having performed immunofluorescence staining to the cell which digested and disperse
- FIG. 14 (B) shows the result of flow cytometry analysis by staining the cells in the frame of (A) (CD31 positive CD45 negative cells) with anti-CD 157 antibody and anti-CD 200 antibody. . It is the result of performing a colony formation assay about each cell of CD200 positive fraction (CD31 positive CD45 negative CD200 positive) and CD200 negative fraction (CD31 positive CD45 negative CD200 negative) of FIG. 14 (B), respectively. It is a figure which shows the result of having performed immunofluorescence staining to the cell which digested and disperse
- (B) shows the result of flow cytometric analysis by staining the cells in the frame of (A) (CD31 positive CD45 negative cells) with anti-CD 157 antibody and anti-CD 31 antibody. . It is a figure which shows the result of having performed the immunofluorescent staining to the cell which prepared the human placental tissue by digesting and disperse
- Cell population containing vascular endothelial stem cells and vascular endothelial stem cells The present inventors have found that about 1% of cells (SP cell population) having high ability to excrete drugs (foreign matter) exist in vascular endothelial cells obtained from blood vessels of muscle tissue, among which vascular endothelial stem cell-like cells are present. It has been found that the existence of the vascular endothelial stem cell-like cells is substantially absent in the majority of vascular endothelial cells (MP cell population) having a low ability to excrete a drug (foreign substance) (Non-patent Document 1).
- the present inventors can similarly divide vascular endothelial cells obtained from the blood vessels of the liver into SP cell population fractions with high drug (foreign substance) efflux capacity and low MP cell population fractions. It was confirmed that about 10% of vascular endothelial stem cell-like cells were present and almost absent in the MP cell population.
- Cell surface that comprehensively analyzes high expression genes in SP cell population and can identify vascular endothelial stem cell-like cells (hereinafter referred to as “vascular endothelial stem cells”) from among over 100 SP cell population high expression genes I found a marker.
- the present invention provides a cell population comprising mammalian vascular endothelial stem cells.
- vascular endothelial stem cells mean cells having the ability to divide in an undifferentiated state (self-replication ability) and the ability to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells.
- the first cell population of the present invention is a cell population consisting essentially of mammalian cells positive for cell surface markers CD31 and CD200 and negative for CD45.
- the first cell population of the present invention may contain impure cells (cells other than CD31 positive / CD200 positive / CD45 negative cells) at a rate that is difficult to eliminate by ordinary manipulation.
- CD31 is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 140 kDa that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, also called PECAM-1, and is used as a cell surface marker for endothelial cells.
- CD45 is a single chain transmembrane protein known as Leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and at least five isoforms exist.
- CD31 positive CD45 negative is positioned as a cell surface marker of vascular endothelial cells.
- CD31 positive CD45 negative cells are used synonymously with vascular endothelial cells.
- CD200 is a highly conserved membrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that contains two immunoglobulin-like domains (V, C) and a single transmembrane and short cytoplasmic domain, thymus, B cells, A variety of cells such as activated T and B cells, dendritic cells, neurons, endothelial cells, and the like express CD200 on the cell surface.
- the present inventors found that vascular endothelial stem cells are present in CD200 positive vascular endothelial cells (CD31 positive CD45 negative cells).
- the vascular endothelial stem cells contained in the first cell population of the present invention may be about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, or about 5%.
- the vascular endothelial stem cells contained in the first cell population of the present invention may be 1 to 3%, may be 2 to 4%, may be 3 to 5%, or 4 to 6%. , 5 to 7%, 6 to 8%, 7 to 9%, or 8 to 10%.
- the second cell population of the present invention is a cell population consisting essentially of mammalian cells positive for cell surface markers CD31, CD157 and CD200 and negative for CD45.
- the second cell population of the present invention may contain impure cells (cells other than CD31 positive / CD157 positive / CD200 positive / CD45 negative cells) at a rate that is difficult to eliminate by ordinary manipulation. Good.
- CD157 is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linked membrane protein and is expressed on monocytes, neutrophils, and all lymphoid and myeloid progenitor cells.
- the present inventors found that CD200-positive vascular endothelial cells (first cell population) have two cell populations, CD157-positive and CD157-negative, and the CD157-positive cell population is rich in vascular endothelial stem cells.
- the CD157 negative cell population is rich in vascular endothelial precursor cells whose differentiation stage is advanced more than vascular endothelial stem cells.
- the vascular endothelial stem cells contained in the second cell population of the present invention may be about 20%, about 30%, about 40% or about 50%.
- the vascular endothelial stem cells contained in the second cell population of the present invention may be 20 to 40%, 30 to 50%, or 40 to 60%, or 50 to 70%. , May be 60 to 80%, may be 70 to 90%, may be 80 to 95%, and may be 90 to 99%.
- the cell population of the present invention may be a cell population consisting of mammalian cells. Mammals are not particularly limited, and examples include humans, monkeys, cows, pigs, dogs, mice, rats, rabbits and the like. When the cell population of the present invention is a human cell population, it can be safely transplanted to human.
- the present invention may be vascular endothelial stem cells that do not form a cell population. That is, the present invention includes vascular endothelial stem cells.
- the vascular endothelial stem cells of the present invention may be mammalian vascular endothelial stem cells positive for cell surface markers CD31 and CD200 and negative for CD45, positive for cell surface markers CD31, CD157 and CD200, CD45 It may be a mammalian vascular endothelial stem cell that is negative. Mammals are not particularly limited, and examples include humans, monkeys, cows, pigs, dogs, mice, rats, rabbits and the like. When the vascular endothelial stem cells of the present invention are human vascular endothelial stem cells, they can be safely transplanted to humans.
- the cell population of the present invention and the vascular endothelial stem cells of the present invention can be prepared from any organ.
- the method for preparing the cell population of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the isolated organ is digested and dispersed with a commercially available reagent for cell dispersion to prepare a cell suspension, and this cell suspension is used as an anti-CD31 antibody.
- a method of recovering CD31-positive CD45-negative CD200-positive cells (first cell population) using a flow cytometry technique can be used.
- the cell suspension is stained with anti-CD31 antibody, anti-CD45 antibody, anti-CD157 antibody, and anti-CD200 antibody, and then CD31 positive CD45 negative CD157 positive CD200 positive cells (second cell population) using flow cytometry technology ) Can be used (see Example 1).
- the vascular endothelial stem cells may be vascular endothelial stem cells that express a transgene.
- Vascular endothelial stem cells expressing a transgene, and cell populations comprising vascular endothelial stem cells expressing a transgene are also encompassed by the present invention.
- the transgene is not particularly limited, and may be a gene encoding a gene product that exerts an advantageous effect on a living organism.
- the transgene may also be a gene encoding a gene product that is secreted extracellularly.
- transgene a gene encoding an antibody that recognizes a specific antigen, a gene encoding a cytokine, a gene encoding a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a specific nucleic acid sequence, and the like can be mentioned.
- Vascular endothelial stem cells that express a transgene can be prepared using known genetic engineering techniques. For example, it can be produced by transfecting the expression vector into which the desired gene has been incorporated into the CD31 + CD45 + CD200 + cells or CD31 + CD45 + CD157 + CD200 + cells prepared as described above.
- the present invention provides a medicament comprising the cell population of the present invention as an active ingredient.
- the present inventors confirmed that, when the cell population of the present invention is transplanted into the liver of a liver vascular injury model mouse, blood vessels are regenerated by the vascular endothelial stem cells contained in the cell population of the present invention (Example 1) reference).
- the present invention also provides a medicament comprising the vascular endothelial stem cell of the present invention as an active ingredient.
- the present inventors confirmed that when one vascular endothelial stem cell of the present invention is transplanted into the liver of a recipient mouse, it is established, proliferated and maintained as a vascular endothelial cell constituting a blood vessel (Example Example) 5).
- the medicament of the present invention can be suitably used as a medicament for revascularization. Since the medicament of the present invention can regenerate blood vessels, it can be used to improve ischemia and malnutrition resulting from the reduction in vascular function. Therefore, the medicament of the present invention is effective for the treatment of ischemic diseases such as cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction and Burgers disease. These ischemic diseases may be caused by arterial diseases such as arteriosclerosis, thrombosis and arteritis, and are caused by lifestyle-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, gout and aging. It may be In addition, the medicament of the present invention can be suitably used for the treatment of vascular malformation or the treatment of blood flow failure caused by vascular malformation. As vascular malformations, arteriovenous fistula, moyamoya disease and the like can be mentioned. Furthermore, the medicament of the present invention can be used for wound healing.
- ischemic diseases such as cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction and
- the medicament of the present invention can be used to promote organ regeneration.
- the present inventors have confirmed that transplantation of the cell population of the present invention into the livers of 70% hepatectomized mice promotes liver regeneration (see Example 3).
- the target organ is not particularly limited, and any organ that can regenerate blood vessels by the medicament of the present invention can promote regeneration. It has been revealed that, in all organs, organ-specific cells (including stem cells) have long-term cell survival and cell proliferation induced by humoral factors and adhesion factors secreted by vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, the regeneration of the organ is promoted along with the regeneration of the blood vessel of the organ. Therefore, the medicament of the present invention can treat a disease which is ameliorated by organ regeneration. For example, if regeneration of the liver is promoted, prevention or treatment of liver cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, hepatitis, fatty liver, liver failure and the like becomes possible. The same applies to other organs.
- the medicament of the present invention can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the abnormality of molecules secreted from vascular endothelial cells.
- the medicament of the present invention including vascular endothelial stem cells having a normal gene is applied to a patient suffering from a disease in which a molecule is not secreted due to genetic abnormality or the amount of secreted molecule decreases, Necessary amounts of molecules are secreted from cells and diseases can be treated efficiently.
- the cell population of the present invention prepared from the liver of a mouse having a normal coagulation factor VIII gene to the liver of hemophilia A model mice, the present inventors notice that the time from hemorrhage to hemostasis is remarkable. It has been confirmed that the length is short (see Example 2).
- diseases caused by abnormalities in molecules secreted from vascular endothelial cells include hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand's disease, hypertension, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, Osteoporosis etc. are mentioned. The correspondence between these diseases and secreted molecules is shown in Table 1.
- the pharmaceutical agent of the present invention can be used by selecting the cell population of the present invention or the vascular endothelial stem cells of the present invention suitable for the organ to be regenerated blood vessels.
- the cell population of the present invention suitable for the organ to be subjected to blood vessel regeneration includes the cells of the present invention prepared from the same germ-derived organ in three developmental germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, outer lung lobe) It may be a group. Organs derived from endoderm are stomach, intestine, lung, liver, pancreas, etc.
- Organs derived from mesoderm are muscle, bone, blood vessels, heart, kidney, spleen, testis, uterus etc., and they are derived from outer lung lobe
- the organs are brain, nerve, skin, lens and the like.
- the cell population of the present invention prepared from the same organ as the target organ is used.
- the present invention provides a medicament comprising, as an active ingredient, a cell population comprising vascular endothelial stem cells expressing a transgene or vascular endothelial stem cells expressing a transgene.
- vascular endothelial stem cells that express a transgene establish as vascular endothelial cells in the blood vessels of a transplanted organ or tissue, and continuously and persistently express the transgene product and secrete it into the blood, causing a disease through the bloodstream Since the transgene product can be delivered to a site, it can be suitably used for the prevention and / or treatment of a disease that is ameliorated by the action of the transgene product.
- a cell population containing vascular endothelial stem cells expressing a transgene or a medicament comprising vascular endothelial stem cells expressing a transgene as active ingredients can treat all diseases for which a transgene product is effective for treatment.
- a drug for treating hemophilia containing vascular endothelial stem cells into which a gene encoding coagulation factor VIII has been introduced a drug for treating haemophilia containing vascular endothelial stem cells into which a gene encoding coagulation factor IX has been introduced, anticoagulation
- drugs for treating vascular proliferative diseases cancer, age-related
- the medicament of the present invention can be administered to a living body in the form of a cell suspension in which the cell population of the present invention or the vascular endothelial stem cells of the present invention is suspended in a suitable solution that can be administered to the living body.
- suitable solution examples include saline, PBS (phosphate buffered saline), and other physiological salt solutions.
- preparation of a cell population or vascular endothelial stem cells is usually performed immediately before administration, it may be prepared at the time of use with a cryopreserved cell population or vascular endothelial stem cells.
- the medicament of the present invention is to administer the cell population of the present invention or the cell suspension of vascular endothelial stem cells directly to the organ to be regenerated the blood vessel or in the vein upstream of the organ to be regenerated the blood vessel.
- Can. Although the dose varies depending on the organ, the patient's age, body weight, etc. of the subject that is to regenerate blood vessels, it can not be uniquely identified, but the physician should appropriately determine the appropriate dose based on the above situation. Can. For example, 1 to 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells may be administered at one time.
- the frequency of administration can be appropriately selected in the range of once / day to once / week.
- the dosage and frequency of administration can be increased or decreased depending on the patient.
- the present invention provides a method of evaluating vascular toxicity using the cell population of the present invention.
- the method for evaluating vascular toxicity of the present invention can be carried out by contacting a test substance with the cell population of the present invention and measuring the level of cell proliferation.
- a method including the following steps can be mentioned. (1) culturing the cell population according to any one of the above [1] to [3] using a culture medium containing a test substance and a culture medium not containing the test substance; (2) measuring the cell proliferation level after culture; (3) a step of comparing the level of cell proliferation when cultured with a medium containing a test substance with the level of cell proliferation when cultured with a medium containing no test substance
- the test substance is not particularly limited, and, for example, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, non-peptide compounds, synthetic compounds, fermentation products, cell extracts, cell culture supernatants, plant extracts, mammalian tissue extracts, plasma, etc. Can be mentioned. However, it is not limited to these.
- the test substance may be a novel substance or a known substance. These test substances may form salts.
- the salt of the test substance may be a salt with a physiologically acceptable acid or base.
- the medium used to culture the cell population of the present invention can be appropriately selected from known media that can be used to culture vascular endothelial cells. Also as the culture method, a known culture method of vascular endothelial cells can be appropriately selected and used.
- the culture period is not particularly limited, and is preferably set appropriately according to the test substance to be used.
- the method for measuring the cell proliferation level is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from known methods and used. Specifically, for example, a method of counting the number of cells visually or using a cell counter, a crystal violet method, an MTT method, a method of using other various cell proliferation measurement kits, and the like can be mentioned.
- the test substance When the cell proliferation level when cultured with the medium containing the test substance is lower than the cell proliferation level when cultured with the medium not containing the test substance, that is, the test substance is a vascular endothelial stem cell When it is a substance that inhibits proliferation, the test substance can be evaluated as toxic to blood vessels.
- the cell proliferation level when cultured using a medium containing a test substance is 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less of the cell growth level when cultured using a medium not containing a test substance
- the test substance may be evaluated to be toxic to blood vessels when it is less than 50%.
- the test substance when the cell proliferation level when cultured with the medium containing the test substance is significantly higher than the cell proliferation level when cultured with the medium not containing the test substance, that is, the test substance is Even in the case of a substance that abnormally promotes the proliferation of vascular endothelial stem cells, the test substance can be evaluated as having toxicity to blood vessels.
- the cell proliferation level when cultured using a medium containing a test substance is 200% or more, 250% or more, 300% or more of the cell growth level when cultured using a medium not containing a test substance
- the test substance may be evaluated as toxic to blood vessels.
- the method for evaluating vascular toxicity according to the present invention is very useful in that the vascular toxicity of a test substance can be evaluated easily and rapidly.
- the vascular toxicity evaluation method of the present invention is particularly useful when it is desired to evaluate toxicity to vascular endothelial cells.
- preparation of the cell population of the present invention from the patient itself is very useful in that the influence of the test substance on the patient's own blood vessels can be evaluated.
- the present invention also includes the following inventions.
- a method for revascularization comprising the step of administering the cell population according to any one of [1] to [5] or the vascular endothelial stem cells according to any one of [6] to [8].
- [B] The method according to [A], which improves ischemia and malnutrition.
- [C] The method according to [A], for treating blood flow defect caused by vascular malformation or vascular malformation.
- [D] The method according to [A], which promotes organ regeneration.
- E The method according to [A], which treats a disease caused by an abnormality in a molecule secreted from vascular endothelial cells.
- [F] Diseases caused by abnormalities in molecules secreted from vascular endothelial cells include hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand's disease, hypertension, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome or The method according to [E], which is osteoporosis.
- [I] A cell population or vascular endothelial stem cells for use as described in [G] for treating blood flow defect caused by vascular malformation or vascular malformation.
- [J] A cell population or vascular endothelial stem cells for use as described in [G] for promoting organ regeneration.
- [K] A cell population or vascular endothelial stem cells for use as described in [G] for treating a disease caused by an abnormality in a molecule secreted from vascular endothelial cells.
- [L] Diseases caused by abnormalities in molecules secreted from vascular endothelial cells include hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand's disease, hypertension, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome or The cell population or vascular endothelial stem cells according to [K], which is osteoporosis.
- Diseases caused by abnormalities in molecules secreted from vascular endothelial cells include hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand's disease, hypertension, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome or Use according to [Q], which is osteoporosis.
- [S] A method for treating a disease ameliorated by a transgene product, comprising the step of administering the cell population of the above-mentioned [4] or the vascular endothelial stem cells of the above-mentioned [7].
- [T] The cell population of the above-mentioned [4] or the vascular endothelial stem cell of the above-mentioned [7], for use in the treatment of a disease ameliorated by a transgene product.
- [U] Use of the cell population of the above-mentioned [4] or the vascular endothelial stem cells of the above-mentioned [7] for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease ameliorated by a transgene product.
- Example 1 Identification of Mouse Liver Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells by Cell Surface Markers
- SP cell population and MP cell population obtained from mouse liver vascular endothelial cells CD31 positive CD45 negative cells
- genes comprehensively expressed in the SP cell population compared to the MP cell population are comprehensively analyzed, and over 100 I found a gene.
- mice were purchased from Japan SLC. 8-12 week old mice were used for the experiment. The mouse was opened under anesthesia and the liver was removed. After mincing the liver, it is immersed in a mixed solution of Dispase II (Roche Applied Science), collagenase (Wako) and type II collagenase (Worthington Biochemical Corp.), shaken at 37 ° C, and extracellular matrix Digested. The digested liver was passed through a filter with a pore size of 40 ⁇ m to obtain a dispersed cell suspension.
- CAG-EGFP CAG-EGFP
- the erythrocytes were hemolyzed with an ACK (Ammonium-Chloride-Potassium) solution (0.15 M NH 4 Cl, 10 mM KHCO 3 , and 0.1 mM Na 2 -EDTA), and the remaining cells were subjected to the following experiment.
- ACK Ammonium-Chloride-Potassium
- PI Propidium iodide
- FACS Aria II SORP manufactured by BD Bioscience
- FlowJo Software manufactured by Treestar Software
- CD157-positive, CD200-positive cells are the vascular endothelial cell stem cell fraction, and starting from these cells, blood vessels that partially retain the stem cell function of CD157-negative CD200-positive (fraction B) It was considered to differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells and terminally differentiate into CD157 negative CD200 negative mature vascular endothelial cells. That is, the second cell population of the present invention is a cell population mainly composed of vascular endothelial cell stem cells, and the first cell population of the present invention is vascular endothelial cell stem cells and vascular endothelial precursor cells partially retaining stem cell function. It was considered to be a mixed cell population.
- liver angiopathy model mouse C57BL / 6 mice were intraperitoneally administered monocrotaline (Sigma-Aldrich) at a dose of 300 mg / kg on the same day The whole body was irradiated with 30 rads / g of radiation to produce a liver vascular injury model mouse.
- liver is removed, a cell suspension is prepared by the method described in the above-mentioned 1-1 (1), and immunofluorescent staining is performed with anti-CD31 antibody, anti-CD157 antibody and anti-CD200 antibody, and flow cytometric analysis went.
- FIG. The left side is a fluorescent stereomicroscopic image of the liver.
- the GFP-positive area was very wide, and the GFP-positive transplanted cells constructed numerous blood vessel areas.
- the GFP-positive area of the liver (middle) into which CD157-negative CD200-positive cells of fraction B were transplanted was smaller than when cells of fraction A were transplanted. That is, it was revealed that the cells of fraction B maintain the ability to construct a blood vessel region, but the ability is inferior to the cells of fraction A.
- GFP-positive CD31-positive cells are collected from the liver to which cells of each fraction have been transplanted (middle), and the amount of CD157 expression (X-axis) and CD200 expression (Y-axis) in the collected cells The dot plot is shown on the right.
- the liver upper row
- CD157 positive CD200 positive cells of fraction A were transplanted
- differentiation progressed from CD157 positive CD200 positive cells to CD157 negative CD200 positive cells and further CD157 negative CD200 negative cells .
- the liver (middle) in which CD157 negative CD200 positive cells of fraction B were transplanted, it was revealed that differentiation was progressing to CD157 negative CD200 negative cells.
- the liver (lower row) into which CD157 negative CD200 negative cells of fraction C were transplanted it became clear that the transplanted cells survived as GFP positive cells.
- CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cells are cells that can greatly contribute to angiogenesis as stem cells. It turned out to be.
- the CD157-positive, CD200-positive, vascular endothelial stem cells are differentiated to become CD157-negative, CD200-positive cells, although they do not correspond to stem cells, but still possess proliferative potential (some vascular endothelium with so-called stem cell function remains) Cells that were precursor cells) and became CD157 negative CD200 negative were considered to be terminally differentiated vascular endothelial cells whose proliferation activity was extremely attenuated.
- the present inventors have found that there is a hierarchy among vascular endothelial cells, and the vascular system has a differentiation lineage from vascular endothelial stem cells to vascular endothelial precursor cells and further to terminally differentiated vascular endothelial cells. Discovered for the first time in the world. Although no data is shown, the present inventors confirmed that the blood vessels formed by the transplanted CD157-positive CD200-positive cells remained without reduction even in mice one year after transplantation. ing.
- Example 2 Treatment of hemophilia by transplantation of CD157-positive CD200-positive vascular endothelial cells
- stem cells continuously produce terminally differentiated somatic cells while maintaining undifferentiated properties
- long-term transplantation of CD157-positive CD200-positive cells which are considered to be vascular endothelial stem cells, as vascular endothelial cells
- the disease may be completely cured. Therefore, it was examined whether normal CD157 positive CD200 positive cells were transplanted into the liver of hemophilia A model mice to suppress the bleeding tendency of hemophilia A model mice.
- thrombocheck FVIII kit manufactured by Sysmex Corporation was used for measurement of coagulation factor VIII in plasma.
- Hemophilia A model mice transplanted with CD157 + CD200 + vascular endothelial cells and Hemophilia A model mice transplanted with CD157 negative CD 200 negative vascular endothelial cells were opened under anesthesia 6 weeks after transplantation and the liver was removed did.
- the excised livers were cryosectioned according to a standard method, stained with anti-EGFP antibody and anti-CD31 antibody, and the presence of EGFP positive CD31 positive cells was observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- coagulation factor VIII was not detected in the plasma of hemophilia A model mice, in hemophilia A model mice transplanted with CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cells, coagulation of about 70% level of wild type mice was observed Factor VIII was detected. This level was higher than that of coagulation factor VIII gene heterozygous mice.
- the hemophilia A model mouse transplanted with CD157 negative CD200 negative vascular endothelial cells expression of coagulation factor VIII was hardly restored.
- FIG. (A) shows the results of hemophilia A model mice not transplanted with cells
- (B) shows the results of hemophiliac A model mice transplanted with CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cells.
- Hemophilia A model mice not transplanted with cells did not stop bleeding even after 60 minutes, while the hemophiliac A model mice transplanted with CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cells took less than 5 minutes He had a hemostasis. From these results, it has become clear that transplantation of CD157-positive CD200-positive vascular endothelial cells (vascular endothelial stem cells) is effective for the treatment of diseases caused by vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.
- Example 3 Liver regeneration by CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cell transplantation
- vascular endothelial cells play an important function in tissue homeostasis maintenance and tissue remodeling, and also in the liver, hepatocytes by vascular endothelial cells in the sinusoids of the liver. Maintenance mechanisms have been identified. Since it became clear that CD157-positive CD200-positive vascular endothelial cells greatly contribute to the formation of sinusoidal sinus blood in the liver, it was examined whether transplantation of CD157-positive CD200-positive vascular endothelial cells would promote regeneration of the liver.
- 3-1 Liver regeneration experiment 1 (1) Experimental method C57BL / 6 mice were subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy according to a standard method. CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cells and CD157 negative CD200 negative vascular endothelial cells were prepared from the liver of C57BL / 6-Tg (CAG-EGFP) mice by the method described in 1-1 in Example 1. CD157-positive CD200-positive vascular endothelial cells and CD157-negative CD200-negative vascular endothelial cells are transplanted into the livers of 70% hepatectomized mice respectively via the splenic vein, and after 8 days the liver is removed from the mice under anesthesia and weighed Was measured.
- mice transplanted with CD157-positive CD200-positive vascular endothelial cells promote liver regeneration compared to mice transplanted with CD157-negative CD200-negative vascular endothelial cells.
- transplantation of CD157-positive CD200-positive vascular endothelial cells is considered to be effective for the treatment of diseases such as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
- CD31 positive CD45 negative non Hoechst stained cells were collected as SP cell population and CD31 positive CD45 negative Hoechst stained cells were collected as MP cell population.
- About 70% of the SP cell population is CD157 positive CD200 positive, and it has been confirmed by the present inventors that the MP cell population contains almost no CD157 positive CD200 positive.
- a 70% partial hepatectomy was performed according to a standard method for C57BL / 6 mice. 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells of each of the SP cell population and the MP cell population were transplanted through the splenic vein into the livers of 70% hepatectomized mice. After 7 days, the liver was excised from the mouse under anesthesia, weighed and observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- GFP positive vascular endothelial cells (GFP positive CD31 positive CD45 negative cells) were prepared by the method described in 1-1 of Example 1.
- the total RNA is prepared from the GFP-positive vascular endothelial cells after transplantation and the cells of the SP cell population before transplantation (each 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells) using the RNAeasy kit (Qiagen), and the ExScript RT reagent Kit ( CDNA was synthesized using Takara Bio Inc.).
- the expression levels of Wnt2 and HGF mRNA were analyzed by real-time PCR using the obtained cDNA (Pre and Post) before and after transplantation as samples.
- vascular endothelial cells in the liver secrete cytokines such as Wnt2 and HGF to the liver and are known to be involved in long-term maintenance of hepatocytes or regeneration of the liver.
- cytokines such as Wnt2 and HGF
- the expression level of mRNA of glycation enzyme GAPDH was measured.
- Stratagene MX3000P manufactured by Stratagene was used for real-time PCR.
- the primers used for real time PCR are as follows.
- Wnt2 5'-AAGGACAGCAAGGGCCACCTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1) 5'-GAGCCACTCACACCATGACA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2) HGF 5'-ACCCTGGTGTTTCACAAGCA-3 '(sequence number 3) 5'-CAAGAACTTGTGCCGGTGTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 4) GAPDH 5'-AACTTTGGCATTGTGGAAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 5) 5'-GGATGCAGGGATGATGTTCT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6)
- FIG. (A) shows the result of liver transplanted with cells of the SP cell population
- (B) shows the result of liver transplanted with cells of the MP cell population. It was observed that GFP-positive cells were forming blood vessels in the liver into which cells of the SP cell population were transplanted, but almost no GFP-positive cells were observed in the liver into which cells of the MP cell population were transplanted.
- transplantation of vascular endothelial stem cells into the liver is effective for the treatment of diseases such as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
- Example 4 CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cells in organs other than liver
- vascular endothelial stem cells in organs can be isolated by using CD31 positive CD45 negative CD157 positive CD200 positive cells as an index. Therefore, whether or not such vascular endothelial stem cells were present was examined in organs other than the liver.
- Example 5 Transplantation of Transgenic Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells
- CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cells were prepared from the liver of C57BL / 6-Tg (CAG-EGFP) mice by the method described in 1-1 of Example 1.
- the 200 CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cells were suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, ThermoFisher) containing 4000 ⁇ L of 4% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10 ng / mL of VEGF.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- 20 ⁇ L of the cell suspension was aliquoted into a 96 well plate (ThermoFisher) using a pipetman (trade name, GILSON).
- the wells containing single cells were visually selected with a microscope (DM IL LED, Leica), and it was further confirmed with a fluorescence microscope (DMi8, Leica) that GFP was expressed.
- C57BL / 6 mice (Japan SLC) were used as recipients.
- a 20 ⁇ L solution containing one CD157 positive CD200 positive vascular endothelial cell was directly percutaneously injected into the liver of a recipient mouse using a syringe with a needle.
- recipient mice were opened under anesthesia, and the liver was observed using a stereofluorescent microscope (MZ 16 FA, Leica), and then euthanized to excise the liver.
- the portion containing the GFP positive hemangio-colony was excised under a microscope and analyzed using fluorescence immunostaining and flow cytometer.
- the fluorescent immunostaining is fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Wako), then stained with anti-GFP antibody (MBL) and anti-CD31 antibody (Clone 30-F11, BD Biosciences), and nuclear stained with SYTOX orange (ThermoFisher) And observed with a confocal microscope (Leica).
- the preparation of the cell suspension was performed in the same manner as in 1-1 (1) of Example 1, and the flow cytometry analysis was performed in the same manner as in 1-1 (2) of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 The results of immunofluorescence staining of livers of recipient mice and observation with a confocal microscope are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 As a result of staining with (A) with the anti-GFP antibody, (B) shows the result of the anti-CD31 antibody, and the lower part is a magnified image in the upper dotted frame (around the sinusoid). CD31 positive cells expressing GFP were observed.
- Example 6 Confirmation of vascular endothelial stem cells in human liver. It was examined whether vascular endothelial stem cells identified in mouse liver were also present in humans.
- vascular endothelial stem cells commonly exist in mammals, greatly contributing to angiogenesis in various organs, and that treatment by transplantation of this vascular endothelial stem cell is effective also in various human diseases. Conceivable.
- Example 7 Confirmation of CD157 positive in human vascular endothelial cells
- mice it was revealed that vascular endothelial stem cells express CD157 in any organ, organ or tissue (Example 4).
- human liver the presence of vascular endothelial stem cells was confirmed in CD200 positive cells, but the presence of CD157 positive cells was not clear. Therefore, it was examined whether the presence of CD157 positive vascular endothelial cells could be confirmed in human tissues other than liver.
- Example 8 Confirmation of SP cell population in human vascular endothelial cells
- the present inventors have confirmed that side population cells (SP cell population) exist in mouse vascular endothelial cells (Non-patent Document 1).
- SP cell population side population cells
- human tissues the existence of SP cell populations in vascular endothelial cells has not yet been confirmed. Therefore, it was examined whether the presence of an SP cell population can be confirmed in vascular endothelial cells also in human tissues.
- Example 1 (1) Experimental Method A cell suspension was prepared from human skin tissue by the method described in 1-1 (1) of Example 1. The obtained cells were subjected to Hoechst staining and immunofluorescent staining, and flow cytometric analysis was performed. Hoechst staining was performed using DMEM (Sigma) containing Hoechst stain (2% FBS (Sigma-Aldrich), 1 mM HEPES (Gibco), 5 ⁇ g / mL Hoechst 33342 (Sigma-Aldrich) in a cell suspension at 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells / mL. -Aldrich) was added and performed for 90 minutes at 37 ° C.
- an anti-CD31 antibody (clone WM59, manufactured by BioLegend) and an anti-CD45 antibody (Clone HI30, manufactured by BioLegend) were used.
- PI (2 ⁇ g / mL, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the stained cells to remove dead cells.
- CD31 positive CD45 negative PI negative cells (vascular endothelial cells from which dead cells were removed) were collected, and Hoechst analysis was performed with a flow cytometer.
- FACS Aria II SORP manufactured by BD Bioscience
- FlowJo Software manufactured by Treestar Software
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Abstract
Description
[1]細胞表面マーカーCD31およびCD200が陽性であり、CD45が陰性である哺乳動物細胞から本質的になる細胞集団。
[2]細胞表面マーカーCD31、CD157およびCD200が陽性であり、CD45が陰性である哺乳動物細胞から本質的になる細胞集団。
[3]血管内皮幹細胞を含む前記[1]または[2]に記載の細胞集団。
[4]前記哺乳動物細胞が導入遺伝子を発現する血管内皮幹細胞を含む前記[1]または[2]に記載の細胞集団。
[5]哺乳動物がヒトである前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の細胞集団。
[6]細胞表面マーカーCD31が陽性、CD157およびCD200の少なくとも一方が陽性、CD45が陰性である哺乳動物の血管内皮幹細胞。
[7]導入遺伝子を発現する前記[6]に記載の血管内皮幹細胞。
[8]哺乳動物がヒトである前記[6]または[7]に記載の血管内皮幹細胞。
[9]前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の細胞集団または前記[6]~[8]のいずれかに記載の血管内皮幹細胞を有効成分とする医薬。
[10]血管再生用、虚血改善用、低栄養改善用、血管奇形治療用、血管奇形に起因する血流不全改善用、臓器再生促進用、または血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患の予防および/または治療用である前記[9]に記載の医薬。
[11]血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患が、血友病A、血友病B、フォン・ヴィレブランド病、高血圧、耐糖能異常症、脂質代謝異常症、メタボリックシンドロームまたは骨粗鬆症である前記[10]に記載の医薬。
[12]前記[4]に記載の細胞集団または前記[7]に記載の血管内皮幹細胞を有効成分とする導入遺伝子産物により改善される疾患の予防および/または治療用医薬。
[13]導入遺伝子産物により改善される疾患が、血友病A、血友病B、フォン・ヴィレブランド病、がん、加齢黄斑変性症、自己免疫疾患、リウマチ、認知症、糖尿病、高血圧症、糖尿病性腎症、骨粗鬆症、肥満または感染症である前記[12]に記載の医薬。
[14]被験物質の血管に対する毒性を評価する方法であって、
(1)被験物質を含有する培地および被験物質を含有しない培地を用いて前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の細胞集団を培養する工程と、
(2)培養後の細胞増殖レベルを測定する工程と、
(3)被験物質を含有する培地を用いて培養した場合の細胞増殖レベルを、被験物質を含有しない培地を用いて培養した場合の細胞増殖レベルと比較する工程
を含むことを特徴とする毒性評価方法。
本発明者らは、筋肉組織の血管から取得した血管内皮細胞中に、薬剤(異物)排出能が高い細胞(SP細胞集団)が1%程度存在し、この中に血管内皮幹細胞様の細胞が存在すること、薬剤(異物)排出能が低い大多数の血管内皮細胞(MP細胞集団)には、血管内皮幹細胞様の細胞はほぼ存在しないことを見出した(非特許文献1)。その後本発明者らは、肝臓の血管から取得した血管内皮細胞も同様に、薬剤(異物)排出能が高いSP細胞集団画分と低いMP細胞集団画分に分けることができ、SP細胞集団中に血管内皮幹細胞様の細胞が10%程度存在し、MP細胞集団中にはほぼ存在しないことを確認した。今回、本発明者らは、血管内皮幹細胞様の細胞を他の血管内皮細胞と効率よく区別できるマーカー分子を見出すために、肝臓のSP細胞集団とMP細胞集団を用いて、MP細胞集団と比べSP細胞集団で発現が高い遺伝子を網羅的に解析し、100を超えるSP細胞集団高発現遺伝子の中から、血管内皮幹細胞様の細胞(以下、「血管内皮幹細胞」と記す)を特定できる細胞表面マーカーを見出した。
本発明は、上記本発明の細胞集団を有効成分とする医薬を提供する。本発明者らは、肝血管障害モデルマウスの肝臓に本発明の細胞集団を移植すると、本発明の細胞集団に含まれる血管内皮幹細胞によって血管が再生されることを確認している(実施例1参照)。また、本発明は、上記本発明の血管内皮幹細胞を有効成分とする医薬を提供する。本発明者らは、本発明の血管内皮幹細胞を1個、レシピエントマウスの肝臓に移植すると血管を構成する血管内皮細胞として定着、増殖し長期間維持されることを確認している(実施例5参照)。
本発明は、上記本発明の細胞集団を用いる血管毒性の評価方法を提供する。本発明の血管毒性評価方法は、被験物質を上記本発明の細胞集団に接触させ、細胞増殖レベルを測定することにより実施することができる。具体的には、例えば、以下の工程を含む方法が挙げられる。
(1)被験物質を含有する培地および被験物質を含有しない培地を用いて前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の細胞集団を培養する工程と、
(2)培養後の細胞増殖レベルを測定する工程と、
(3)被験物質を含有する培地を用いて培養した場合の細胞増殖レベルを、被験物質を含有しない培地を用いて培養した場合の細胞増殖レベルと比較する工程
[A]前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の細胞集団または前記[6]~[8]のいずれかに記載の血管内皮幹細胞を投与する工程を含む血管再生方法。
[B]虚血および低栄養を改善する[A]に記載の方法。
[C]血管奇形または血管奇形に起因する血流不全を治療する[A]に記載の方法。
[D]臓器の再生を促進する[A]に記載の方法。
[E]血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患を治療する[A]に記載の方法。
[F]血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患が、血友病A、血友病B、フォン・ヴィレブランド病、高血圧、耐糖能異常症、脂質代謝異常症、メタボリックシンドロームまたは骨粗鬆症である[E]に記載の方法。
[G]血管の再生に使用するための前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の細胞集団または前記[6]~[8]のいずれかに記載の血管内皮幹細胞。
[H]虚血および低栄養を改善する[G]に記載の使用するための細胞集団または血管内皮幹細胞。
[I]血管奇形または血管奇形に起因する血流不全を治療する[G]に記載の使用するための細胞集団または血管内皮幹細胞。
[J]臓器の再生を促進する[G]に記載の使用するための細胞集団または血管内皮幹細胞。
[K]血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患を治療する[G]に記載の使用するための細胞集団または血管内皮幹細胞。
[L]血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患が、血友病A、血友病B、フォン・ヴィレブランド病、高血圧、耐糖能異常症、脂質代謝異常症、メタボリックシンドロームまたは骨粗鬆症である[K]に記載の細胞集団または血管内皮幹細胞。
[M]血管再生用医薬を製造するための前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の細胞集団または前記[6]~[8]のいずれかに記載の血管内皮幹細胞の使用。
[N]血管再生用医薬が、虚血および低栄養を改善する[M]に記載の使用。
[O]血管再生用医薬が、血管奇形または血管奇形に起因する血流不全を治療する[M]に記載の使用。
[P]血管再生用医薬が、臓器再生を促進する[M]に記載の使用。
[Q]血管再生用医薬が、血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患を治療する[M]に記載の使用。
[R]血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患が、血友病A、血友病B、フォン・ヴィレブランド病、高血圧、耐糖能異常症、脂質代謝異常症、メタボリックシンドロームまたは骨粗鬆症である[Q]に記載の使用。
[S]前記[4]に記載の細胞集団または前記[7]に記載の血管内皮幹細胞を投与する工程を含む導入遺伝子産物により改善される疾患の治療方法。
[T]導入遺伝子産物により改善される疾患の治療に使用するための前記[4]に記載の細胞集団または前記[7]に記載の血管内皮幹細胞。
[U]導入遺伝子産物により改善される疾患の治療用医薬を製造するための、前記[4]に記載の細胞集団または前記[7]に記載の血管内皮幹細胞の使用。
マウス肝臓の血管内皮細胞(CD31陽性CD45陰性細胞)から取得したSP細胞集団およびMP細胞集団を用いて、MP細胞集団と比べSP細胞集団で発現が高い遺伝子を網羅的に解析し、100を超える遺伝子を見出した。これらの遺伝子の中から、SP細胞集団中に10%程度存在する血管内皮幹細胞の細胞表面マーカーの特定を試みた。
(1)使用動物および細胞調製
C57BL/6マウスおよびC57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)マウス(通称グリーンマウス)を日本エスエルシーから購入した。8~12週齢のマウスを実験に使用した。麻酔下でマウスを開腹し、肝臓を摘出した。肝臓を細切した後、Dispase II(Roche Applied Science社製)、collagenase(Wako社製)およびtypeII collagenase(Worthington Biochemical Corp.社製)の混合溶液に浸漬し、37℃で振盪して細胞外マトリックスを消化した。消化後の肝臓を孔径40μmのフィルターに通し、分散した細胞懸濁液を得た。ACK(Ammonium-Chloride-Potassium)溶液(0.15M NH4Cl, 10mM KHCO3, and 0.1mM Na2-EDTA)で赤血球を溶血させ、残りの細胞を以下の実験に供した。
上記(1)で調製した細胞に免疫蛍光染色を行い、フローサイトメトリー解析を行った。モノクローナル抗体として、抗CD31抗体(clone MEC13.3, BD Biosciences社製)、抗CD45抗体(Clone 30-F11, BD Biosciences社製)、抗CD157抗体(clone BP3, Biolegend社製)、抗CD200抗体(clone OX90, Biolegend社製)を使用した。フローサイトメトリー解析において死細胞を除去するために、染色した細胞にPropidium iodide(PI, 2μg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich社製)を加え死細胞の核を染色した。フローサイトメトリー解析には、FACS Aria II SORP(BD Bioscience社製)およびFlowJo Software(Treestar Software社製)を使用した。
結果を図1に示した。(A)のドットプロットの枠内の細胞(CD31陽性CD45陰性細胞)を肝臓の血管内皮細胞として回収した。続いて回収した細胞におけるCD157発現量(X軸)とCD200発現量(Y軸)を解析した結果を(B)のドットプロットに示した。その結果、肝臓の血管内皮細胞は、CD157陽性CD200陽性の画分A、CD157陰性CD200陽性の画分BおよびCD157陰性CD200陰性の画分Cの3つの画分に分かれることが明らかになった。そこで、各画分をそれぞれ回収し、以下の実験を行った。
(1)実験方法
画分A(CD157陽性CD200陽性)、画分B(CD157陰性CD200陽性)および画分C(CD157陰性CD200陰性)の細胞を24ウェル培養プレートに播種した。OP9ストローマ細胞(RIKEN cell bank)をフィーダー細胞とし、それぞれ5000個/ウェルを播種した。培地には、10%FCSおよびVEGF(10 ng/mL; PeproTech社製)を含むRPMI培地(Sigma-Aldrich Japan)を用いた。10日間培養後、ウェルの細胞を固定して、抗CD31抗体(BD Biosciences社製)で染色した。なお、画分Aの細胞集団が本発明の第2の細胞集団であり、画分Aと画分Bの混合細胞集団が本発明の第1の細胞集団である。
結果を図2に示した。左は画分C、中央は画分B、右は画分Aの結果である。画分AのCD157陽性CD200陽性細胞は、CD31陽性の大型のコロニーを多数形成した。画分BのCD157陰性CD200陽性細胞は、コロニー形成能を有しているが、コロニーの大きさや数は、画分Aの細胞に及ばなかった。画分CのCD157陰性CD200陰性細胞は、CD31陽性細胞として生存していたが、コロニー形成能はほぼ消失していた。これらの結果から、CD157陽性CD200陽性細胞(画分A)が血管内皮細胞幹細胞画分であり、この細胞からスタートして、CD157陰性CD200陽性(画分B)の幹細胞機能を一部残した血管内皮前駆細胞へ分化し、CD157陰性CD200陰性の成熟血管内皮細胞に終末分化すると考えられた。すなわち、本発明の第2の細胞集団は血管内皮細胞幹細胞を主とする細胞集団、本発明の第1の細胞集団は血管内皮細胞幹細胞と、幹細胞機能を一部残した血管内皮前駆細胞との混合細胞集団であると考えられた。
(1)肝血管障害モデルマウス
C57BL/6マウスにモノクロタリン(Sigma-Aldrich 社製)を300mg/kgの用量で腹腔内投与し、同日に30rads/gの放射線を全身照射して、肝血管障害モデルマウスを作製した。
C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)マウスの肝臓から回収した画分A(CD157陽性CD200陽性)、画分B(CD157陰性CD200陽性)および画分C(CD157陰性CD200陰性)の細胞を使用した。各画分の細胞2×104個を、それぞれ肝血管障害モデルマウスの脾静脈から肝臓に移植した。移植後4週間目に、麻酔下でマウスを開腹し、肝臓を蛍光実体顕微鏡(Leica社製)で観察した。さらに、肝臓を摘出して上記1-1(1)に記載の方法で細胞懸濁液を調製し、抗CD31抗体、抗CD157抗体および抗CD200抗体で免疫蛍光染色して、フローサイトメトリー解析を行った。
結果を図3に示した。左側は肝臓の蛍光実体顕微鏡観察像である。画分AのCD157陽性CD200陽性細胞を移植した肝臓(上段)では、GFP陽性領域が非常に広く、GFP陽性の移植細胞が無数の血管領域を構築していることが明らかになった。画分BのCD157陰性CD200陽性細胞を移植した肝臓(中段)のGFP陽性領域は、画分Aの細胞を移植した場合より小さかった。すなわち、画分Bの細胞は、血管領域を構築する能力を維持しているが、その能力は画分Aの細胞より劣っていることが明らかになった。画分CのCD157陰性CD200陰性細胞を移植した肝臓(下段)では、移植した細胞がGFP陽性細胞として生存していることのみが観察され、画分Cの細胞には新たな血管領域を構築する能力はないことが明らかになった。
以上の解析結果から、血管内皮細胞(CD31陽性CD45陰性細胞)をCD157とCD200によって分画すると、CD157陽性CD200陽性の血管内皮細胞が、幹細胞として血管形成に大いに貢献できる細胞であることが判明した。当該CD157陽性CD200陽性の血管内皮幹細胞が分化して、CD157陰性CD200陽性になった細胞は、幹細胞には及ばないが、未だ増殖能を保有した細胞(一部幹細胞機能を残した、いわゆる血管内皮前駆細胞)であり、CD157陰性CD200陰性となった細胞は、増殖活性が極めて減弱している終末分化した血管内皮細胞であると考えられた。この研究成果により、本発明者らは、血管内皮細胞の中に階層性が存在し、血管内皮幹細胞から血管内皮前駆細胞、さらに終末分化した血管内皮細胞への分化系譜を血管システムが有していることを、世界で初めて発見した。
なお、データを示していないが、本発明者らは、移植したCD157陽性CD200陽性細胞により形成された血管は、移植後1年を経過したマウスでも減少することなく残存していることを確認している。
幹細胞は、未分化性を維持しつつ、終末分化した体細胞を継続的に産生していくことから、血管内皮幹細胞と考えられるCD157陽性CD200陽性細胞を移植すれば、長期的に血管内皮細胞として貢献し続けることが期待できる。それゆえ、血管内皮細胞の機能不全に起因する疾患患者にこの細胞を移植すれば、当該疾患を完治できる可能性があると考えられる。そこで、血友病Aモデルマウスの肝臓に正常なCD157陽性CD200陽性細胞を移植し、血友病Aモデルマウスの出血傾向を抑制できるかについて検討した。
血友病Aモデルマウス(凝固第VIII因子遺伝子欠損マウス)は、Jackson Laboratory社から購入した。CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞およびCD157陰性CD200陰性血管内皮細胞は、C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)マウスの肝臓から、実施例1の1-1に記載の方法で調製した。血友病Aモデルマウスの肝臓に、C57BL/6-TgマウスのCD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞およびCD157陰性CD200陰性血管内皮細胞をそれぞれ脾静脈から移植し、6週間後に採血し血漿を回収した。これら以外に、野生型マウス、凝固第VIII因子遺伝子ヘテロ欠損マウス、細胞を移植していない凝固第VIII因子遺伝子欠損マウスからも採血を行い、血漿を回収した。血漿中の凝固第VIII因子の測定には、Thrombocheck FVIII kit(Sysmex Corporation社製)を使用した。
CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞を移植した血友病Aモデルマウスの肝臓の凍結切片を抗EGFP抗体および抗CD31抗体で染色し、蛍光顕微鏡で観察した結果を図4に示した。移植されたEGFP陽性の血管内皮細胞によって血管が構築されており、類洞様血管網がEGFP陽性の血管によって置き換わっていることが明らかになった。
これらの結果から、CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞(血管内皮幹細胞)の移植は、血管内皮細胞の機能不全に起因する疾患の治療に有効であることが明らかになった。
近年、血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子が、組織の恒常性維持や組織再構築に重要な機能を果たすことが報告されており、肝臓についても肝臓の類洞血管の血管内皮細胞による肝細胞の維持機構が明らかにされている。CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞は、肝臓の類洞血管の形成に大きく貢献することが明らかになったため、CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞の移植により、肝臓の再生が促進するかどうかを検討した。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6マウスに対して定法に従い70%部分肝切除術を行った。CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞およびCD157陰性CD200陰性血管内皮細胞は、C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)マウスの肝臓から、実施例1の1-1に記載の方法で調製した。70%部分肝切除したマウスの肝臓に、CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞およびCD157陰性CD200陰性血管内皮細胞を、それぞれ脾静脈を介して移植し、8日後に麻酔下でマウスから肝臓を取り出し、重量を測定した。
データを示していないが、CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞を移植したマウスは、CD157陰性CD200陰性血管内皮細胞を移植したマウスに比べ肝臓の再生が促進されていることが明らかになった。したがって、CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞(血管内皮幹細胞)の移植は、例えば肝線維症、肝硬変などの疾患の治療に有効であると考えられる。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)マウスの肝臓から、実施例1の1-1(1)に記載の方法で細胞懸濁液を調製した。得られた細胞にヘキスト染色と免疫蛍光染色を行い、フローサイトメトリー解析を行った。ヘキスト染色は、1×106細胞/mLの細胞懸濁液に、ヘキスト染色液(2% FBS (Sigma-Aldrich), 1mM HEPES (Gibco), 5μg/mL Hoechst33342 (Sigma-Aldrich)含有DMEM (Sigma-Aldrich))を添加して、37℃で90分間行った。免疫蛍光染色には、実施例1で使用した抗CD31抗体および抗CD45抗体と同じモノクローナル抗体を使用した。染色した細胞にPI(2μg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich社製)を加え死細胞の除去を行った。CD31陽性CD45陰性PI陰性細胞(死細胞を除去した血管内皮細胞)を回収し、ヘキスト解析をフローサイトメーターで行った。フローサイトメトリー解析には、FACS Aria II SORP(BD Bioscience社製)およびFlowJo Software(Treestar Software社製)を使用した。CD31陽性CD45陰性でヘキスト染色されない細胞をSP細胞集団として回収し、CD31陽性CD45陰性でヘキスト染色される細胞をMP細胞集団として回収した。SP細胞集団の約70%はCD157陽性CD200陽性であり、MP細胞集団にはCD157陽性CD200陽性はほとんど含まれないことが本発明者らにより確認されている。
Wnt2
5'-AAGGACAGCAAAGGCACCTT-3'(配列番号1)
5'-GAGCCACTCACACCATGACA-3'(配列番号2)
HGF
5'-ACCCTGGTGTTTCACAAGCA-3'(配列番号3)
5'-CAAGAACTTGTGCCGGTGTG-3'(配列番号4)
GAPDH
5'-AACTTTGGCATTGTGGAAGG-3'(配列番号5)
5'-GGATGCAGGGATGATGTTCT-3'(配列番号6)
蛍光顕微鏡による観察結果を図7に示した。(A)がSP細胞集団の細胞を移植した肝臓の結果、(B)がMP細胞集団の細胞を移植した肝臓の結果である。SP細胞集団の細胞を移植した肝臓ではGFP陽性細胞が血管を形成していることが観察されたが、MP細胞集団の細胞を移植した肝臓ではGFP陽性細胞がほとんど観察されなかった。
肝臓では、CD31陽性CD45陰性CD157陽性CD200陽性細胞を指標として、臓器内の血管内皮幹細胞を単離できることが判明した。そこで、肝臓以外の臓器においても、このような血管内皮幹細胞が存在するかどうかを検討した。
8週齢のC57BL/6マウスから、網膜、脳、心臓、皮膚、筋肉、肺を採取した。実施例1の1-1(1)に記載の方法で細胞懸濁液をそれぞれ調製した。各細胞懸濁液を抗CD31抗体、抗CD45抗体、抗CD157抗体および抗CD200抗体で免疫蛍光染色して、CD31陽性CD45陰性CD157陽性CD200陽性細胞(CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞)およびCD31陽性CD45陰性CD157陰性CD200陰性細胞(CD157陰性CD200陰性血管内皮細胞)を回収した。これらの細胞を用いて、実施例1の1-2(1)に記載の方法で、コロニー形成アッセイを行った。
結果を図10に示した。(A)は網膜、(B)は脳、(C)は心臓、(D)は皮膚(真皮)、(E)は筋組織、(F)は肺の結果である。いずれの臓器においても、CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞を回収することができ、この細胞はCD31陽性の大型のコロニーを多数形成した。一方、CD157陰性CD200陰性血管内皮細胞のコロニー形成能は乏しいものであった。
血管は臓器において特徴的な構造を維持し、その臓器の機能を支持している。したがって、各臓器の血管内皮幹細胞は当該臓器の再生を誘導し得ると考えられる。
遺伝子導入された血管内皮幹細胞を移植することで、移植された血管内皮幹細胞およびそれから分化した血管内皮細胞が、導入された遺伝子産物を継続的かつ持続的に発現するかどうかを検討した。
実施例1の1-1に記載の方法で、C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)マウスの肝臓から、CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞を調製した。このCD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞200個を、10ng/mLのVEGFを添加した4000μLの4%ウシ胎児血清(FBS、Sigma-Aldrich)含有リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS、ThermoFisher)に懸濁した。ピペットマン(商品名、GILSON)を用いて20μLの細胞懸濁液を96ウェルプレート(ThermoFisher)に分注した。1個の細胞が入っているウェルを顕微鏡(DM IL LED、Leica)で肉眼的に選別して、さらに蛍光顕微鏡(DMi8、Leica)でGFPが発現していることを確認した。
レシピエントマウスの肝臓の実体蛍光顕微鏡画像を図11に示した。GFPの発現を維持している血管構造が観察された。
マウスの肝臓で確認された血管内皮幹細胞が、ヒトにも存在するかどうかを検討した。
(1)実験方法
ヒト肝臓組織を用いて、実施例1の1-1(1)に記載の方法で細胞懸濁液を調製した。続いて実施例1の1-1(2)に記載の方法で、得られた細胞に免疫蛍光染色を行い、フローサイトメトリー解析を行った。
結果を図14に示した。(A)のドットプロットの枠内の細胞(CD31陽性CD45陰性細胞)を肝臓の血管内皮細胞として回収した。続いて回収した細胞におけるCD157発現量(X軸)とCD200発現量(Y軸)を解析した結果を(B)のドットプロットに示した。図14(B)に示されたように、ヒト肝臓の血管内皮細胞(CD31陽性CD45陰性細胞)は、CD200の発現量により、CD200陰性とCD200陽性の2つの画分に分かれることが示された。一方、CD157陽性細胞数は非常に少ないが存在することが確認された。
(1)実験方法
図14(B)のCD200陽性画分(本発明の第1の細胞集団:CD31陽性CD45陰性CD200陽性細胞)およびCD200陰性画分(CD31陽性CD45陰性CD200陰性細胞)をそれぞれ回収し、実施例1の1-2(1)に記載の方法で、コロニー形成アッセイを行った。
結果を図15に示した。(A)がCD200陽性画分の結果、(B)がCD200陰性画分の結果である。(B)のCD200陰性画分には、CD31陽性のコロニーを形成する細胞は存在しなかったが、(A)のCD200陽性画分には、CD31陽性のコロニーを形成する細胞が含まれることが示された。すなわち、ヒト肝臓のCD31陽性CD45陰性CD200陽性細胞には、血管内皮細胞コロニー形成能を有する血管内皮幹細胞が含まれることが明らかになった。なお、本実施例ではCD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞(本発明の第2の細胞集団)の細胞数が少なかったため、CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞を用いてコロニー形成アッセイを行わなかったが、ヒトの場合もマウスと同様に、CD157陽性CD200陽性血管内皮細胞集団(本発明の第2の細胞集団)は血管内皮細胞幹細胞を主とする細胞集団であると考えられる。
マウスでは、いずれの臓器、器官、組織においても血管内皮幹細胞はCD157を発現していることが明らかになった(実施例4)。ヒトの肝臓においては、CD200陽性細胞中に血管内皮幹細胞の存在が確認されたが、CD157陽性細胞の存在は明確ではなかった。そこで、肝臓以外のヒト組織にCD157陽性血管内皮細胞の存在を確認できるかどうか検討した。
ヒト腎臓組織およびヒト胎盤組織から、実施例1の1-1(1)に記載の方法で、それぞれ細胞懸濁液を調製した。得られた細胞に、抗CD31抗体(clone WM59, BioLegend社製)、抗CD45抗体(Clone HI30, BioLegend社製)および抗CD157抗体(clone SY11B5, BD社製)を用いて免疫蛍光染色を行い、フローサイトメトリー解析を行った。フローサイトメトリー解析には、FACS Aria II SORP(BD Bioscience社製)およびFlowJo Software(Treestar Software社製)を使用した。
ヒト腎臓組織の結果を図16に、ヒト胎盤組織の結果を図17にそれぞれ示した。図16および17とも、(A)は抗CD31抗体と抗CD45抗体で染色してフローサイトメトリー解析を行った結果であり、(B)は(A)の枠内の細胞(CD31陽性CD45陰性細胞)中のCD157陽性細胞のフローサイトメトリー解析を行った結果である。腎臓および胎盤共に、(A)の枠内の細胞(CD31陽性CD45陰性細胞)を抗CD157抗体で染色してフローサイトメトリー解析を行った結果、CD157陽性血管内皮幹細胞画分の存在が観察された。
本発明者らは、マウス血管内皮細胞中にside population細胞(SP細胞集団)が存在することを確認している(非特許文献1)。しかし、ヒト組織においては、血管内皮細胞中にSP細胞集団が存在することは未だ確認されていない。そこで、ヒト組織においても、血管内皮細胞中にSP細胞集団の存在を確認できるかどうか検討した。
ヒト皮膚組織から、実施例1の1-1(1)に記載の方法で細胞懸濁液を調製した。得られた細胞にヘキスト染色と免疫蛍光染色を行い、フローサイトメトリー解析を行った。ヘキスト染色は、1×106細胞/mLの細胞懸濁液に、ヘキスト染色液(2% FBS (Sigma-Aldrich), 1mM HEPES (Gibco), 5μg/mL Hoechst33342 (Sigma-Aldrich)含有DMEM (Sigma-Aldrich))を添加して、37℃で90分間行った。免疫蛍光染色には、抗CD31抗体(clone WM59, BioLegend社製)および抗CD45抗体(Clone HI30, BioLegend社製)を使用した。染色した細胞にPI(2μg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich社製)を加え死細胞の除去を行った。CD31陽性CD45陰性PI陰性細胞(死細胞を除去した血管内皮細胞)を回収し、ヘキスト解析をフローサイトメーターで行った。フローサイトメトリー解析には、FACS Aria II SORP(BD Bioscience社製)およびFlowJo Software(Treestar Software社製)を使用した。
結果を図18に示した。ヒト皮膚組織にSP細胞集団画分(破線枠内)が存在することを確認した。
Claims (14)
- 細胞表面マーカーCD31およびCD200が陽性であり、CD45が陰性である哺乳動物細胞から本質的になる細胞集団。
- 細胞表面マーカーCD31、CD157およびCD200が陽性であり、CD45が陰性である哺乳動物細胞から本質的になる細胞集団。
- 血管内皮幹細胞を含む請求項1または2に記載の細胞集団。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞が導入遺伝子を発現する血管内皮幹細胞を含む請求項1または2に記載の細胞集団。
- 哺乳動物がヒトである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の細胞集団。
- 細胞表面マーカーCD31が陽性、CD157およびCD200の少なくとも一方が陽性、CD45が陰性である哺乳動物の血管内皮幹細胞。
- 導入遺伝子を発現する請求項6に記載の血管内皮幹細胞。
- 哺乳動物がヒトである請求項6または7に記載の血管内皮幹細胞。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の細胞集団または請求項6~8のいずれかに記載の血管内皮幹細胞を有効成分とする医薬。
- 血管再生用、虚血改善用、低栄養改善用、血管奇形治療用、血管奇形に起因する血流不全改善用、臓器再生促進用、または血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患の予防および/または治療用である請求項9に記載の医薬。
- 血管内皮細胞から分泌される分子の異常に起因する疾患が、血友病A、血友病B、フォン・ヴィレブランド病、高血圧、耐糖能異常症、脂質代謝異常症、メタボリックシンドロームまたは骨粗鬆症である請求項10に記載の医薬。
- 請求項4に記載の細胞集団または請求項7に記載の血管内皮幹細胞を有効成分とする導入遺伝子産物により改善される疾患の予防および/または治療用医薬。
- 導入遺伝子産物により改善される疾患が、血友病A、血友病B、フォン・ヴィレブランド病、がん、加齢黄斑変性症、自己免疫疾患、リウマチ、認知症、糖尿病、高血圧症、糖尿病性腎症、骨粗鬆症、肥満または感染症である請求項12に記載の医薬。
- 被験物質の血管に対する毒性を評価する方法であって、
(1)被験物質を含有する培地および被験物質を含有しない培地を用いて請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の細胞集団を培養する工程と、
(2)培養後の細胞増殖レベルを測定する工程と、
(3)被験物質を含有する培地を用いて培養した場合の細胞増殖レベルを、被験物質を含有しない培地を用いて培養した場合の細胞増殖レベルと比較する工程
を含むことを特徴とする毒性評価方法。
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