WO2019091148A1 - 一种组合式空气弹簧系统 - Google Patents

一种组合式空气弹簧系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019091148A1
WO2019091148A1 PCT/CN2018/098207 CN2018098207W WO2019091148A1 WO 2019091148 A1 WO2019091148 A1 WO 2019091148A1 CN 2018098207 W CN2018098207 W CN 2018098207W WO 2019091148 A1 WO2019091148 A1 WO 2019091148A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end plate
plate
upper cover
air spring
spring system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/098207
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶特
农多敏
陈灿辉
程海涛
周军
陈强
陈文海
金状兵
彭旋
Original Assignee
株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP18875209.1A priority Critical patent/EP3530978A4/en
Priority to RU2019105263A priority patent/RU2756139C1/ru
Priority to US16/647,024 priority patent/US11287010B2/en
Publication of WO2019091148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019091148A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/0454—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall characterised by the assembling method or by the mounting arrangement, e.g. mounting of the membrane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/002—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising at least one fluid spring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/022—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
    • F16F15/0232—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means with at least one gas spring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/046—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means using combinations of springs of different kinds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/0454—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall characterised by the assembling method or by the mounting arrangement, e.g. mounting of the membrane
    • F16F9/0463—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall characterised by the assembling method or by the mounting arrangement, e.g. mounting of the membrane with separate crimping rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/0472—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall characterised by comprising a damping device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/05—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
    • F16F9/052—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type characterised by the bumper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/05—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
    • F16F9/057—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type characterised by the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/58—Stroke limiting stops, e.g. arranged on the piston rod outside the cylinder
    • F16F9/585—Stroke limiting stops, e.g. arranged on the piston rod outside the cylinder within the cylinder, in contact with working fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to cushioning shock absorbing techniques, and more particularly to a combined air spring system.
  • Air spring assemblies are used in a wide variety of applications, such as railway cars, heavy-duty vehicles, and other applications where cushioning or shock absorption are important.
  • a spring assembly typically includes an elastomer positioned between a pair of rigid end plates.
  • the elastomer is made of rubber and is compressed by the load acting on the spring assembly.
  • the hourglass-type auxiliary spring has a low vertical stiffness at a low load, so the comfort is very good, but under high load, the nonlinearity of the hourglass-type auxiliary spring leads to a large vertical stiffness under high load. , seriously affecting its comfort, and in some heavy-duty train projects, especially for double-deck EMU trains, the vertical stiffness of the auxiliary spring is required to be particularly low under high loads, so the existing hourglass-type auxiliary spring cannot satisfy this.
  • Kind of requirements are particularly low under high loads.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a combined air spring with simple structure, convenient installation, heavy vertical stiffness bottom, high comfort and stability, and can adapt to different limit spacing requirements. system.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a combined air spring system includes an upper cover, an air bag, an upper end plate and a lower end plate, wherein an outer circumference of the upper cover is connected to an outer circumference of the upper end plate by the air bag, and a connection between the upper end plate and the lower end plate is a lower hourglass elastomer, a bottom plate is provided with a pressure plate, a high-position elastic body is connected between the upper cover plate and the pressure plate, a bottom limit plate is arranged on the bottom of the pressure plate, and a limit groove is arranged on the top surface of the upper end plate In the deflation state, the limiting platform is located in the limiting slot.
  • the limiting platform and the limiting slot each comprise a pair of inclined surfaces and a pair of straight faces, the straight faces of which are arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body, and the inclined faces are correspondingly arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the bottom of the upper cover is provided with a stop on the outer side of the high-position elastic body.
  • the center of the lower hourglass elastomer is provided with an inner cavity, and the center of the top of the lower end plate is provided with a stop extending to the inner cavity.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the upper end plate is located outside the low-level hourglass elastomer.
  • the bottom of the outer peripheral surface of the upper cover is provided with a buckle, one end of the airbag is fastened to the buckle, and the other end is self-sealedly connected with the upper end plate.
  • the combined air spring system of the present invention comprises an upper cover plate, an air bag, an upper end plate and a lower end plate.
  • the outer circumference of the upper cover plate is connected to the outer periphery of the upper end plate through the air bag, and the lower hourglass elastic body is connected between the upper end plate and the lower end plate.
  • a pressure plate is arranged at the bottom of the upper cover plate, and a high-position elastic body is connected between the upper cover plate and the pressure plate.
  • the bottom of the pressure plate is provided with a limit position platform, and the top end surface of the upper end plate is provided with a limit groove, and the limit position table is located in the limit groove when the air is in a state of deflation.
  • the series structure is formed by the low-level hourglass elastomer and the high-position elastic body of the split structure, which increases the elevation of the elastic body between the upper cover and the lower end plate, that is, the vertical direction of the auxiliary spring under heavy load is greatly reduced.
  • Stiffness improves the comfort of the auxiliary spring under heavy load; in addition, while increasing the elevation, it also increases the lateral displacement of the elastic body between the upper cover and the lower end plate, and the structure lowers the hourglass through the upper end plate and the pressure plate.
  • the elastic body and the high-position elastic body are completely separated, that is, the lateral instability of the auxiliary spring can be avoided, and the stability of the lateral displacement of the auxiliary spring is improved; in this structure, the upper end plate and the pressure plate are installed without destroying the low-level hourglass elastic body and high-position elasticity.
  • the body has a simple structure, improves the convenience of installation and ensures the integrity of the low hourglass elastomer and the high-level elastomer; in the deflation state, the limit table is located in the limit groove, and the displacement of the upper cover in the lateral direction is restrained. To solve the requirements of the air spring system in the deflation state, the space limit and the width direction of the vehicle body are different.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic front view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the structure of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the combined air spring system of the present invention comprises an upper cover 1, an airbag 2, an upper end plate 3 and a lower end plate 4.
  • the outer periphery of the upper cover 1 passes through the airbag 2 and the upper end.
  • the outer periphery of the plate 3 is connected, and the lower hourglass elastic body 5 is connected between the upper end plate 3 and the lower end plate 4.
  • the bottom plate of the upper cover plate 1 is provided with a pressure plate 7, and the upper elastic plate 6 is connected between the upper cover plate 1 and the pressure plate 7.
  • the bottom of the pressure plate 7 is provided with a limiting platform 71.
  • the top surface of the upper end plate 3 is provided with a limiting slot 31.
  • the limiting platform 71 is located in the limiting slot 31.
  • the series structure is formed by the low-level hourglass elastomer 5 and the high-position elastic body 6 of the split structure, which increases the elevation of the elastic body between the upper cover 1 and the lower end plate 4, that is, the overload of the auxiliary spring is greatly reduced.
  • the lower vertical stiffness improves the comfort of the auxiliary spring under heavy load; in addition, while the elevation is increased, the lateral displacement of the elastic body between the upper cover 1 and the lower end plate 4 is also increased, and the structure passes through the upper end.
  • the plate 3 and the pressing plate 7 completely separate the lower hourglass elastomer 5 and the high-position elastic body 6, that is, the lateral instability of the auxiliary spring can be avoided, and the stability of the lateral displacement of the auxiliary spring is improved; in the structure, the upper end plate 3 and the pressing plate 7
  • the low-level hourglass elastomer 5 and the high-position elastic body 6 are not damaged during installation, and the structure is simple, the installation convenience is improved, and the integrity of the low-level hourglass elastomer 5 and the high-position elastic body 6 is ensured; when the venting state is limited, the limit station 71 is limited.
  • the displacement of the upper cover 1 in the lateral direction is restrained, and the requirement of the air spring system in the length and width directions of the vehicle body in the deflation state is solved.
  • the limiting table 71 and the limiting slot 31 each comprise a pair of inclined faces and a pair of straight faces, the straight faces of which are arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body, and the inclined faces thereof are arranged correspondingly in the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the limit distance in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body is larger than the limit distance in the width direction of the vehicle body, so as to adapt to the inertia of the vehicle body movement, and prevent the left and right movement of the vehicle body from being excessively large.
  • the bottom of the upper cover 1 is provided with a stop 11 on the outer side of the high-position elastic body 6.
  • the stop table 11 restrains the lateral displacement of the high-position elastic body 6 to prevent lateral instability.
  • the lower hourglass elastic body 5 is provided with a cavity 51 at the center, and a stopper portion 41 extending to the inner cavity 51 is provided at the center of the top of the lower end plate 4.
  • the stop portion 41 ensures the overall sinking amount of the vehicle, and ensures that the vehicle body and the bogie do not interfere under high load and dynamic load.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the upper end plate 3 is located outside the lower hourglass elastic body 5. This arrangement allows the upper end plate 3 to extend integrally to the outside of the lower hourglass elastomer 5 for ease of installation.
  • the bottom of the outer peripheral surface of the upper cover 1 is provided with a buckle 12, one end of the airbag 2 is fastened to the buckle 12, and the other end is self-sealedly connected with the upper end plate 3.
  • the small port of the air bag 2 and the lower end plate 3 are self-sealing to prevent air leakage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

一种组合式空气弹簧系统，包括上盖板（1）、气囊（2）、上端板（3）和下端板（4），上盖板（1）的外周通过气囊（2）与上端板（3）的外周连接，上端板（3）和下端板（4）之间连接有低位沙漏弹性体（5），上盖板（1）底部装设有压板（7），上盖板（1）和压板（7）之间连接有高位弹性体（6），压板（7）底部设有限位台（71），上端板（3）顶面设有限位槽（31)，在泄气状态时，限位台（71）位于限位槽（31）内。该空气弹簧系统结构简单、安装方便、重载垂向刚度低、舒适性和稳定性高、能适应不同限位间距要求。

Description

一种组合式空气弹簧系统 【技术领域】
本发明主要涉及缓冲减震技术，尤其涉及一种组合式空气弹簧系统。
【背景技术】
空气弹簧组件应用广泛，如铁路车厢、重载车辆以及其它缓冲或减震较为重要的应用场合。通常，这种弹簧组件包括位于一对刚性端板之间的弹性体。弹性体由橡胶制成，并被作用于弹簧组件的载荷压缩。现有技术中，沙漏式辅助弹簧在低载荷时，具有较低的垂向刚度，故其舒适性非常好，但是在高载荷下，沙漏式辅助弹簧的非线性导致高载荷下垂向刚度很大，严重影响了其舒适性，而在某些重载列车的项目上，特别是双层动车组列车，要求高载荷下辅助弹簧垂向刚度特别小，因此现有的沙漏式辅助弹簧无法满足此种要求。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种结构简单、安装方便、重载垂向刚度底、舒适性和稳定性高、能适应不同限位间距要求的组合式空气弹簧系统。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种组合式空气弹簧系统，包括上盖板、气囊、上端板和下端板，所述上盖板的外周通过所述气囊与上端板的外周连接，所述上端板和下端板之间连接有低位沙漏弹性体，所述上盖板底部装设有压板，所述上盖板和压板之间连接有高位弹性体，所述压板底部设有限位台，所述上端板顶面设有限位槽，泄气状态时所述限位台位于限位槽内。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：
所述限位台和限位槽均包括一对斜面和一对直面，其直面沿车体的长度方向布置，其斜面相应沿车体的宽度方向布置。
所述上盖板底部于高位弹性体外侧设有止挡台。
所述低位沙漏弹性体中心设有内腔，所述下端板顶部中心设有伸至内腔的止挡部。
所述上端板外周面位于低位沙漏弹性体外部。
所述上盖板的外周面底部设有扣环，所述气囊一端与扣环扣接，另一端与上端板自密封连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明的组合式空气弹簧系统，包括上盖板、气囊、上端板和下端板，上盖板的外周 通过气囊与上端板的外周连接，上端板和下端板之间连接有低位沙漏弹性体，上盖板底部装设有压板，上盖板和压板之间连接有高位弹性体，压板底部设有限位台，上端板顶面设有限位槽，泄气状态时限位台位于限位槽内。该结构中，通过分体式结构的低位沙漏弹性体和高位弹性体形成串联结构，增加了上盖板和下端板之间弹性体的高程，即大大降低了辅助弹簧的在重载下的垂向刚度，提高了辅助弹簧的在重载下的舒适性；另外，在高程增加的同时，也增加了上盖板和下端板之间弹性体的横向位移，该结构通过上端板和压板将低位沙漏弹性体和高位弹性体完全隔开，即能够避免辅助弹簧的横向失稳，提高了辅助弹簧横向位移的稳定性；该结构中，上端板和压板安装时不会破坏低位沙漏弹性体和高位弹性体，其结构简单，提高了安装的方便以及保证了低位沙漏弹性体和高位弹性体的完整性；泄气状态时限位台位于限位槽内，对上盖板横向方向的位移进行了约束限位，解决泄气状态下中，空气弹簧系统在车体长度和宽度方向不同限位间距的要求。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明的主视结构示意图。
图2是本发明的侧视结构示意图。
图中各标号表示：
11、上盖板；11、止挡台；12、扣环；2、气囊；3、上端板；31、限位槽；4、下端板；41、止挡部；5、低位沙漏弹性体；51、内腔；6、高位弹性体；7、压板；71、限位台。
【具体实施方式】
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
如图1和图2所示，本发明组合式空气弹簧系统的一种实施例，包括上盖板1、气囊2、上端板3和下端板4，上盖板1的外周通过气囊2与上端板3的外周连接，上端板3和下端板4之间连接有低位沙漏弹性体5，上盖板1底部装设有压板7，上盖板1和压板7之间连接有高位弹性体6，压板7底部设有限位台71，上端板3顶面设有限位槽31，泄气状态时限位台71位于限位槽31内。该结构中，通过分体式结构的低位沙漏弹性体5和高位弹性体6形成串联结构，增加了上盖板1和下端板4之间弹性体的高程，即大大降低了辅助弹簧的在重载下的垂向刚度，提高了辅助弹簧的在重载下的舒适性；另外，在高程增加的同时，也增加了上盖板1和下端板4之间弹性体的横向位移，该结构通过上端板3和压板7将低位沙漏弹性体5和高位弹性体6完全隔开，即能够避免辅助弹簧的横向失稳，提高了辅助弹簧横向位移的稳定性；该结构中，上端板3和压板7安装时不会破坏低位沙漏弹性体5和高位弹性体6，其结构简单，提高了安装的方便以及保证了低位沙漏弹性体5和高位弹性体6的完整性；泄气状态时限位台71位于限位槽31内，对上盖板1横向方 向的位移进行了约束限位，解决泄气状态下中，空气弹簧系统在车体长度和宽度方向不同限位间距的要求。
本实施例中，限位台71和限位槽31均包括一对斜面和一对直面，其直面沿车体的长度方向布置，其斜面相应沿车体的宽度方向布置。这样设置，使得在车体长度方向的限位间距大于车体宽度方向的限位间距，以适应于车体运动惯性，又能防止车体左右移动过大。
本实施例中，上盖板1底部于高位弹性体6外侧设有止挡台11。该止挡台11对高位弹性体6的横向位移进行约束限位，防止横向失稳。
本实施例中，低位沙漏弹性体5中心设有内腔51，下端板4顶部中心设有伸至内腔51的止挡部41。该止挡部41保证了车辆的总体下沉量，确保在高载荷和动载等情况下，车体与转向架不发生干涉。
本实施例中，上端板3外周面位于低位沙漏弹性体5外部。这样设置，使得上端板3整体延伸至低位沙漏弹性体5外部，便于安装。
本实施例中，上盖板1的外周面底部设有扣环12，气囊2一端与扣环12扣接，另一端与上端板3自密封连接。该结构中，气囊2小子口与下端板3采用自密封连接，防止漏气。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种组合式空气弹簧系统，包括上盖板(1)、气囊(2)、上端板(3)和下端板(4)，所述上盖板(1)的外周通过所述气囊(2)与上端板(3)的外周连接，其特征在于：所述上端板(3)和下端板(4)之间连接有低位沙漏弹性体(5)，所述上盖板(1)底部装设有压板(7)，所述上盖板(1)和压板(7)之间连接有高位弹性体(6)，所述压板(7)底部设有限位台(71)，所述上端板(3)顶面设有限位槽(31)，泄气状态时所述限位台(71)位于限位槽(31)内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的组合式空气弹簧系统，其特征在于：所述限位台(71)和限位槽(31)均包括一对斜面和一对直面，其直面沿车体的长度方向布置，其斜面相应沿车体的宽度方向布置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的组合式空气弹簧系统，其特征在于：所述上盖板(1)底部于高位弹性体(6)外侧设有止挡台(11)。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合式空气弹簧系统，其特征在于：所述低位沙漏弹性体(5)中心设有内腔(51)，所述下端板(4)顶部中心设有伸至内腔(51)的止挡部(41)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的组合式空气弹簧系统，其特征在于：所述上端板(3)外周面位于低位沙漏弹性体(5)外部。
  6. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合式空气弹簧系统，其特征在于：所述上盖板(1)的外周面底部设有扣环(12)，所述气囊(2)一端与扣环(12)扣接，另一端与上端板(3)自密封连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的组合式空气弹簧系统，其特征在于：所述上盖板(1)的外周面底部设有扣环(12)，所述气囊(2)一端与扣环(12)扣接，另一端与上端板(3)自密封连接。
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