WO2019085304A1 - 用于充换电站的车辆定位装置 - Google Patents

用于充换电站的车辆定位装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085304A1
WO2019085304A1 PCT/CN2018/074818 CN2018074818W WO2019085304A1 WO 2019085304 A1 WO2019085304 A1 WO 2019085304A1 CN 2018074818 W CN2018074818 W CN 2018074818W WO 2019085304 A1 WO2019085304 A1 WO 2019085304A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
positioning device
power
positioning
rear wheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/074818
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
严兵勇
郝战铎
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18874592.1A priority Critical patent/EP3705363A4/en
Publication of WO2019085304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085304A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of charging and discharging, and in particular to a vehicle positioning device for charging and replacing a power station.
  • the mainstream energy replenishment schemes currently on the market are mainly divided into charging schemes and battery replacement schemes.
  • the charging scheme mainly uses the charging pile (charging station or parking space configuration) to charge the electric vehicle quickly or slowly
  • the battery replacement scheme mainly replaces the depleted battery of the vehicle directly with the full battery.
  • the battery replacement scheme is one of the main development directions of electric energy replenishment because it can complete the electric energy supply of the electric vehicle in a short time and does not affect the service life of the power battery.
  • the battery replacement scheme is usually carried out in the charging station.
  • the power station generally includes a power exchange platform for electric vehicle battery replacement, a battery compartment for storing and replenishing the depleted battery, and a power exchange for carrying a full/depletion power battery between the power exchange platform and the battery compartment. Trolley.
  • the invention patent of CN205997867U discloses a vehicle tire positioning device for a power station, comprising a bottom plate and a guide column mounted on the bottom plate, a front wheel roller assembly, a front wheel alignment push rod, a rear wheel roller assembly, and The rear wheel aligns the push rod.
  • each alignment pusher includes a push rod motor, a reduction gearbox, and two couplings that are symmetrically placed, two lead screws, and two push plates.
  • the push rod motor transmits power to the two symmetrical push plates through the reducer, the coupling and the lead screw, and then the two push plates respectively push the two tires from the inner side of the tire to complete the positioning of the vehicle.
  • a vehicle positioning device of a power station comprising a first positioning portion and a second positioning portion disposed on a power conversion platform, the first positioning portion for positioning a vehicle in a first direction; the second positioning portion For positioning the vehicle in a second direction; the second positioning portion includes two first centering mechanisms, each of the first centering mechanisms including a power transmission portion disposed in a middle portion of the power exchange platform And a pull plate extending from one side of the power transmission portion, the pull plate being configured to enable the front/rear wheel of the vehicle to be in the second direction under the driving of the power transmission portion Positioning.
  • the pull plate is further configured to be capable of pulling the inner side of the front/rear wheel of the vehicle to be driven inwardly by the power transmission portion.
  • the front/rear wheels in turn, position the front/rear wheels of the vehicle in the second direction.
  • the power transmission portion includes a driving motor and a screw nut unit, and the driving motor is coupled to a lead screw of the screw nut unit, and the pulling The plate is coupled to the nut of the spindle nut unit.
  • the first centering mechanism further includes a guide rail disposed along the second direction and a slider matching the guide rail, the slider and the slider The pull plate is connected to move the pull plate in the second direction.
  • the two first centering mechanisms are mounted to the power changing platform, and/or the two first centering mechanisms are symmetrically disposed.
  • the second positioning portion further includes two second centering mechanisms, the second centering mechanism being configured to correspondingly enable the vehicle The rear wheel/front wheel moves and is positioned in the second direction.
  • each of the second centering mechanisms includes the power transmission portion disposed in a middle portion of the power conversion platform, and is driven by the power transmission portion
  • the pull plate extending from one side, the pull plate being capable of pulling the rear wheel from the outer side of the rear wheel of the vehicle under the driving of the power transmission portion, thereby causing the rear wheel of the vehicle to be Positioned in the second direction.
  • the first positioning portion includes two first roller groups, and the two first roller groups enable the front wheel of the vehicle/ The rear wheel is positioned in the first direction and the first roller set allows the front/rear wheel to move in the second direction.
  • the first roller group includes a plurality of V-shaped roller units arranged side by side in the second direction, a front wheel of the vehicle/ The rear wheel can be embedded in the V-shaped drum unit.
  • the first positioning portion further includes a second roller group, and the second roller group can correspondingly make the rear wheel/front of the vehicle The wheel moves in the second direction.
  • the second roller group includes a plurality of I-shaped roller units arranged in a first direction and arranged side by side in the second direction, The rear wheel/front wheel can be supported on the I-shaped roller unit.
  • the vehicle positioning device includes a first positioning portion and a second positioning portion disposed on the power changing platform.
  • the first positioning portion is for positioning the vehicle in the first direction and allowing the vehicle to move in the second direction
  • the second positioning portion is for positioning the vehicle in the second direction.
  • the second positioning portion includes two first centering mechanisms, each of the first centering mechanisms includes a power transmission portion disposed in a middle portion of the power conversion platform, and a pull plate extending from one side of the power transmission portion to the one side, the pull plate It is configured to be able to pull the wheel inward from the outside of the front/rear wheel of the vehicle under the drive of the power transmission portion, thereby positioning the front/rear wheels of the vehicle in the second direction.
  • the two first centering mechanisms are used to pull the wheel from the outside of the wheel to the inside for positioning.
  • the invention can not only realize the unilateral differential adjustment of the vehicle displacement, that is, the locating precision of the vehicle is improved by the unilateral fine adjustment method, and each of the first
  • the arrangement of a pair of middle mechanisms corresponding to one power transmission part also greatly reduces the load of the motor and avoids the situation that the motor is overloaded.
  • the layout of the power transmission part in the middle of the power-changing platform and the pulling plates on both sides is adopted, which also effectively reduces the occupied area of the first centering mechanism in the power-changing platform, reduces the difficulty of parking, and improves the power-changing experience. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle positioning device for charging and replacing a power station of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 1 at A;
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 1 at B.
  • the I-type roller unit in the drawings includes only one second roller, this arrangement is not uniform and can be adjusted as needed by a person skilled in the art to suit a particular application.
  • the I-type roller unit can also be arranged in a plurality of second rollers in series.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed connections, for example, or It is a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle positioning device for charging and replacing a power station according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 1 at A
  • FIG. 3 is a view of FIG. Partial enlarged view.
  • the vehicle positioning device for charging and replacing a power station of the present invention mainly includes a first positioning portion 2 and a second positioning portion 3 which are disposed on the power exchange platform 1.
  • the first positioning portion 2 is for positioning the electric vehicle driving into the power exchange platform 1 in the first direction, and the first positioning portion 2 further allows the electric vehicle to move in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the second The positioning portion 3 is used for positioning of the electric vehicle in the second direction.
  • the power-changing robot can replace the electric vehicle power battery.
  • the first direction may be the driving direction when the electric vehicle enters the power exchange platform 1 (ie, the X-axis direction in FIG. 1 , the same below), and the second direction may be perpendicular to the traveling direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the width direction of the electric vehicle ie, the Y-axis direction in Figure 1, the same below).
  • the first positioning portion 2 may include a front roller group 21 (ie, a first roller group) and a rear roller group 22 (ie, a second roller) group).
  • the front wheel roller group 21 includes a plurality of V-shaped roller units 211 arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction (viewed in the Y-axis direction, in a V-shape), and the front wheel of the electric vehicle can pass through the V-shaped roller unit 211
  • the mode is fixed in the X-axis direction, and after the front wheel is fixed in the X-axis direction, it can also move in the Y-axis direction in accordance with the rolling of the V-shaped roller unit 211.
  • the V-shaped roller unit 211 may be two first rollers 2111 disposed in a V shape as viewed in the Y-axis direction. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the number of V-shaped roller units 211 in the front wheel roller group 21 and the number and arrangement of the rollers in the V-shaped roller unit 211 are not constant, and the front wheels of the electric vehicle can be satisfied. When moving in the Y-axis direction and fixed in the X-axis direction, it can be adjusted according to the specific use environment. Referring to Fig.
  • the rear wheel roller group 22 includes a plurality of I-shaped roller units 221 arranged in the X-axis direction arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction, and the rear wheel supported on the I-type roller unit 221 may be on the Y-axis Move in direction.
  • the I-shaped drum unit 221 may be a second roller 2211 that is horizontally disposed.
  • the I-type roller unit 221 can also be arranged in a plurality of horizontally connected rollers or the like.
  • the second positioning portion 3 includes two front wheel centering mechanisms 31 (ie, a first centering mechanism) and two rear wheel centering mechanisms 32 (ie, a second centering mechanism) ).
  • the two front wheel centering mechanisms 31 and the two rear wheel centering mechanisms 32 respectively enable the front and rear wheels of the electric vehicle to move and position in the Y-axis direction.
  • the two front wheel centering mechanisms 31 are symmetrically disposed along the axis of symmetry of the power exchange platform 1 (shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1), and each front wheel centering mechanism 31 includes an edge.
  • the rear wheel centering mechanism 32 can be moved in synchronism with the front wheel centering mechanism 31.
  • the rear wheel centering mechanism 32 can adopt the same structure and arrangement as the front wheel centering mechanism 31, that is, the two rear wheel centering mechanisms 32 are also symmetrically arranged, and each rear wheel symmetry mechanism includes a power transmission. And a tie rod that extends to one side.
  • the power is transmitted to the pull plate 34 through the power transmission portion, and the pull plate 34 can pull the front/rear wheels from the outer side of the front/rear wheel of the electric vehicle to position the front/rear wheels of the electric vehicle in the second direction, thereby The electric vehicle is positioned in the second direction.
  • the rear wheel centering mechanism 32 can take other forms as long as the form allows the rear wheel of the electric vehicle to move laterally and eventually can be fixed in the lateral direction.
  • the top layer of the power-changing platform 1 is omitted.
  • the power exchange platform 1 is at least divided into a top layer and a bottom layer which can be combined with the front wheel roller group 21 and the rear wheel roller group 22 to form a plane for supporting the advancement of the electric vehicle.
  • the power transmission portion includes a drive motor 331 and a screw 332 nut 333 unit
  • the drive motor 331 is preferably a servo motor
  • the lead screw 332 of the screw 332 nut 333 unit Connected the pull plate 34 is connected to the nut 333 of the nut 333 unit of the lead screw 332.
  • the front/rear wheel centering mechanism 32 further includes a guide rail 334 disposed along the Y-axis direction and a slider 335 matching the guide rail 334, and the slider 335 is coupled to the nut 333 for positioning the pull plate 34 along the guide rail 334. mobile.
  • the servo motor is coupled to the lead screw 332 via a coupling, and the lead screw 332 passes under the front wheel roller set 21.
  • a mounting bracket 35 is disposed between the pull plate 34 and the nut 333, and the pull plate 34 is coupled to the nut 333 through the mounting bracket 35.
  • a parallel rail 334 and a matching slider 335 are disposed on two sides of the screw 332 away from the motor. The middle of the slider 335 is fixedly connected with the nut 333, and the two ends of the slider 335 are slidably connected to the parallel rail 334.
  • the restricting pull tab 34 is moved in the direction of the parallel rail 334 which allows the pull tab 34 to pass just in the middle of the front wheel roller set 21.
  • the servo motor is coupled to the lead screw 332 via a coupling, and the lead screw 332 has a lower side passing through the side of the rear roller group 22.
  • the two sides of the lead screw 332 away from the motor are provided with a parallel rail 334 and a matching slider 335.
  • the middle of the slider 335 is fixedly connected with the nut 333, and the two ends of the slider 335 are slidably connected to the parallel rail 334.
  • a mounting bracket 35 is disposed between the pull plate 34 and the slider 335, and the pull plate 34 is fixedly coupled to the slider 335 by the mounting bracket 35.
  • the pull tab 34 is moved in the direction of the parallel rail 334 under the restriction of the slider 335, which allows the pull tab 34 to pass just above the rear roller stack 22.
  • the present invention can achieve positioning of the wheels from the outside of the wheel to the inside.
  • the advantage of this positioning method is that on the one hand, the unilateral differential adjustment of the electric vehicle movement can be realized, for example, the positioning accuracy of the electric vehicle and the power-changing robot is improved by the unilateral fine adjustment method, thereby ensuring the success rate of the power-changing operation. And accuracy.
  • the arrangement of each of the front/rear wheel centering mechanisms 32 to configure a power transmission portion also greatly reduces the load on the servo motor and avoids the overload of the servo motor.
  • the pull plate 34 is disposed on both sides, and the power transmission portion is embedded in the power exchange platform 1, the front/rear wheel centering mechanism 32 is effectively reduced in power exchange.
  • the occupied area of the platform 1 reduces the difficulty of parking.
  • the symmetry axes are placed side by side in front and rear, and the positions of the lead screw 332 and the pull plate 34 are adjusted accordingly so that the two pull plates 34 can still be symmetrically arranged.
  • a cylinder or an electric cylinder may be used instead of the servo motor to complete the output of the driving force, and the front wheel centering mechanism 31 and/or the rear wheel centering mechanism 32 may be disposed on the top layer of the power exchange platform 1 or any other position. As long as it can satisfy the condition of pulling the wheel from the outer side to the inner side of the wheel.
  • the positioning process of the vehicle positioning device for charging a power station of the present invention may be:
  • the electric vehicle travels to the power exchange platform 1, cuts off the power supply and hangs into the neutral position, the front wheel of the automobile enters the V-shaped front wheel roller group 21, and is fixed in the front wheel roller group 21 in the driving direction in an embedded manner.
  • the rear wheel of the electric vehicle is supported on the rear roller group 22 of the I type, at which time the car is positioned in the X-axis direction.
  • the two front wheel centering mechanisms 31 and the two rear wheel centering mechanisms 32 simultaneously move the pull plate 34 from the outside of the wheel to the inside, and the pull plate 34 that first contacts the wheel of the electric vehicle pulls the wheel in the front wheel roller set 21 and/or The rear roller group 22 moves in the lateral direction.
  • the electric vehicle completes the preliminary positioning in the Y-axis direction and is fixed by the pull rods. Get the current position deviation and fine-tune the car body with a single centering mechanism. After the adjustment is completed, the electric vehicle is positioned, and subsequent battery replacement operations can be performed.
  • first centering mechanism is the front wheel centering mechanism 31 and the second centering mechanism as the rear wheel centering mechanism 32
  • the first centering mechanism is the rear wheel centering mechanism 32
  • the second centering mechanism is the front wheel centering mechanism 31 and the like.
  • the correspondence between the first roller group, the second roller group, the front roller group 21, and the rear roller group 22 can also be interchanged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种车辆定位装置包括设置于换电平台（1）的第一定位部（2）和第二定位部（3），第一定位部（2）用于使车辆在第一方向（X）定位；第二定位部（3）用于使车辆在第二方向（Y）上定位；第二定位部（3）包括两个第一对中机构（31），每个第一对中机构（31）包括设置于换电平台（1）中部的动力传动部，以及由动力传动部向一侧延伸出的拉板（34），拉板（34）能够在动力传动部的驱动下使车辆的前轮／后轮在第二方向（Y）定位。该车辆定位装置可解决现有车辆定位装置的电机易过载、无法差异化调节等问题。

Description

用于充换电站的车辆定位装置 技术领域
本发明涉及充换电领域，具体涉及一种用于充换电站的车辆定位装置。
背景技术
随着电动汽车的推广，如何快速有效地为电动汽车提供电能补给成为车主和各大厂商非常关注的问题。当前市场上的主流电能补给方案主要分为充电方案和电池更换方案。其中充电方案主要是通过充电桩(充电站或者停车位配置)对电动汽车进行快速或慢速充电，而电池更换方案主要是直接用满电电池更换下车载的亏电电池。相对于充电方案，电池更换方案由于可以在很短的时间完成电动汽车的电能补给，并且不会对动力电池的使用寿命产生影响，因此是电能补给的主要发展方向之一。电池更换方案通常在充换电站内进行。换电站一般包括用于电动汽车电池更换的换电平台、用于储藏以及对亏电电池进行电能补给的电池仓以及在换电平台和电池仓之间运载满电/亏电动力电池的换电小车。
当进行电池更换时，首先需要将电动汽车驾驶至换电平台上，利用换电平台上的车辆定位装置对车体进行定位，以便换电小车能够与车辆底部的动力电池准确定位，然后进行更换动力电池的动作。公告号为CN205997867U的发明专利公开了一种用于换电站的车辆轮胎定位装置，包括底板以及安装在底板上的引导柱、前轮滚轴组件、前轮对齐推杆、后轮滚轴组件和后轮对齐推杆。其中，前轮对齐推杆和后轮对齐推杆分别用于推动汽车的前轮和后轮在左右方向上移动，使汽车左右方向精确定位。每个对齐推杆都包括推杆电机、减速箱、以及对称设置的两个联轴器、两个丝杠和两个推板。工作时，推杆电机通过减速器、联轴器、丝杠将动力传至对称的两个推板，进而两个推板分别从轮胎内侧推动两个轮胎，完成车辆的定位。虽然这种设置方式可以实现车辆的精确定位功能，但是在实际应用中仍然存在一定的缺陷。首先，使用一个推杆电机带动两个推杆从内向外推动轮胎的设置方式，不仅使得推杆电机 容易产生过载，影响电机的使用寿命，而且两个推杆只能同时做伸缩移动，还使得定位装置无法进行差异化调节。其次，由于前轮对齐推杆和后轮对齐推杆都布局在换电平台的中间位置，占用了一定的停车空间，这就使得车辆在进入换电平台时需要更加精准的停车技术，增加了车主的停车难度，带来不好的换电体验。
相应地，本领域需要一种新的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的电机易过载、无法差异化调节以及导致停车难度增加的问题，本发明提供了一种用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，所述车辆定位装置包括设置于换电平台的第一定位部和第二定位部，所述第一定位部用于使车辆在第一方向定位；所述第二定位部用于使所述车辆在第二方向上定位；所述第二定位部包括两个第一对中机构，每个所述第一对中机构包括设置于所述换电平台中部的动力传动部，以及由所述动力传动部向一侧延伸出的拉板，所述拉板配置成能够在所述动力传动部的驱动下使所述车辆的前轮/后轮在所述第二方向上定位。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，所述拉板进一步配置成能够在所述动力传动部的驱动下从所述车辆的前轮/后轮外侧向内侧拉动所述前轮/后轮，进而使所述车辆的前轮/后轮在所述第二方向上定位。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，所述动力传动部包括驱动电机和丝杠螺母单元，所述驱动电机与所述丝杠螺母单元的丝杠连接，所述拉板与所述丝杠螺母单元的螺母连接。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，所述第一对中机构还包括沿所述第二方向设置的导轨以及与所述导轨匹配的滑块，所述滑块与所述拉板连接，用于使所述拉板沿所述第二方向移动。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，所述两个第一对中机构安装于所述换电平台，并且/或者所述两个第一对中机构对称设置。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，所述第二定位部还包括两个第二对中机构，所述第二对中机构配置成能够对应的使所述车辆的后轮/前轮沿所述第二方向移动并定位。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，每个所述第二对中机构包括设置于所述换电平台中部的所述动力传动部，以及由所述动力传动部向一侧延伸出的所述拉板，所述拉板能够在所述动力传动部的驱动下从所述车辆的后轮外侧向内侧拉动所述后轮，进而使所述车辆的后轮在所述第二方向上定位。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，所述第一定位部包括两个第一辊筒组，所述两个第一辊筒组能够使所述车辆的前轮/后轮在所述第一方向定位，并且所述第一辊筒组允许所述前轮/后轮沿所述第二方向移动。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，所述第一辊筒组包括沿所述第二方向并列排布的多个V型辊筒单元，所述车辆的前轮/后轮能够嵌入所述V型辊筒单元内。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，所述第一定位部还包括第二辊筒组，所述第二辊筒组能够对应的使所述车辆的后轮/前轮沿所述第二方向移动。
在上述用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的优选技术方案中，所述第二辊筒组包括沿所述第二方向并列排布的多个沿第一方向设置的I型辊筒单元，所述后轮/前轮能够支撑于所述I型辊筒单元上。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，在本发明的优选技术方案中，车辆定位装置包括设置于换电平台的第一定位部和第二定位部。第一定位部用于使车辆在第一方向定位并且允许车辆在第二方向移动，第二定位部用于使车辆在第二方向定位。其中，第二定位部包括两个第一对中机构，每个第一对中机构包括设置于换电平台中部的动力传动部，以及由动力传动部向一侧延伸出的拉板，拉板配置成能够在动力传动部的驱动下从车辆的前轮/后轮外侧向内侧拉动车轮，进而使车辆的前轮/后轮在第二方向上定位。通过两个第一对中机构从车轮外侧向内侧拉动车轮进行定位，本发明不仅可以实现车辆位移的单边差异化调节，即通过单边微调的方式提高车辆的定位精准度，而且每个第一对中机构对应一个动力传动部的设置方式还大大降低了电机的负荷，避免了电机过载的情况 出现。此外，采用换电平台中部设置动力传动部、两侧设置拉板的布局方式，还有效地减小了第一对中机构在换电平台的占用面积，降低了停车难度，改善了换电体验。
附图说明
下面参照附图并结合纯电动汽车来描述本发明的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置。附图中：
图1为本发明的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的结构示意图；
图2为图1在A处的局部放大图；
图3为图1在B处的局部放大图。
附图标记列表
1、换电平台；2、第一定位部；21、前轮辊筒组；211、V型辊筒单元；2111、第一辊筒；22、后轮辊筒组；221、I型辊筒单元；2211、第二辊筒；3、第二定位部；31、前轮对中机构；32、后轮对中机构；331、驱动电机；332、丝杠；333、螺母；334、导轨；335、滑块；34、拉板；35、安装架。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，虽然附图中的I型辊筒单元只包括一个第二辊筒，但是这种设置方式非一成不变，本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合。如I型辊筒单元还可以设置为多根第二辊筒串联。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
参照图1、图2和图3，图1为本发明的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的结构示意图；图2为图1在A处的局部放大图；图3为图1在B处的局部放大图。
如图1所示，本发明的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置主要包括设置于换电平台1的第一定位部2和第二定位部3。第一定位部2用于将使驶入换电平台1的电动汽车在第一方向上定位，并且第一定位部2还允许电动汽车在与第一方向垂直的第二方向上移动，第二定位部3用于电动汽车在第二方向上的定位。在第一定位部2和第二定位部3的定位完成后，换电机器人可以对电动汽车进动力电池更换。需要说明的是，第一方向可以为电动汽车驶入换电平台1时的行驶方向(即图1中的X轴方向，下同)，第二方向可以为与电动汽车的行驶方向相垂直的电动汽车的宽度方向(即图1中的Y轴方向，下同)。
继续参照图1并结合图2和图3，具体而言，第一定位部2可以包括前轮辊筒组21(即第一辊筒组)和后轮辊筒组22(即第二辊筒组)。前轮辊筒组21包括沿Y轴方向并列排布的多个V型辊筒单元211(沿Y轴方向观察，呈V型)，电动汽车的前轮可以通过嵌入V型辊筒单元211的方式在X轴方向固定，并且前轮在X轴方向固定后，还可以随着V型辊筒单元211的滚动在Y轴方向移动。参照图2，优选地，沿Y轴方向观察，V型辊筒单元211可以为呈V型设置的两个第一辊筒2111。本领域技术人员可以想到的是，前轮辊筒组21中V型辊筒单元211的数量以及V型辊筒单元211中辊筒的数量和设置方式并非一成不变，在满足电动汽车的前轮可以沿Y轴方向移动以及沿X轴方向固定的条件下，可以根据具体使用环境进行调整。参照图3，后轮辊筒组22包括沿Y轴方向并列排布的多个沿X轴方向设置的I型辊筒单元221，支撑于I型辊筒单元221上的后轮可以在Y轴方向移动。优选地，I型辊筒单元221可 以为水平设置的第二辊筒2211。当然，本领域技术人员可以想到的是，I型辊筒单元221也可以设置为若干根水平串联的辊筒等方式。
进一步参照图1并结合图2和图3，第二定位部3包括两个前轮对中机构31(即第一对中机构)和两个后轮对中机构32(即第二对中机构)。两个前轮对中机构31和两个后轮对中机构32分别能够使电动汽车的前轮和后轮沿Y轴方向移动并定位。结合图2和图3，优选地，两个前轮对中机构31沿换电平台1的对称轴(如图1中点划线所示)对称设置，每个前轮对中机构31包括沿Y轴方向设置于换电底板中部的动力传动部，以及由动力传动部向一侧延伸出的拉板34，动力传动部整体嵌入到换电平台1，拉板34部分则凸出于换电平台1。后轮对中机构32可以与前轮对中机构31同步运动。优选地，后轮对中机构32可以采用与前轮对中机构31采用相同的结构和布置方式，即两个后轮对中机构32也采用对称布置，并且每个后轮对称机构包括动力传动部以及向一侧延伸的拉杆。通过动力传动部向拉板34输出动力，拉板34可以从电动汽车的前/后轮外侧向内侧拉动前/后轮，使电动汽车的前/后轮分别在第二方向上定位，进而使电动汽车在第二方向定位。本领域技术人员可以想到的是，后轮对中机构32也可以采用其他形式，只要该形式可以使得电动汽车的后轮沿横向运动并且最终可以在横向固定即可。
需要说明的是，此处为清楚描述设置位置，特将换电平台1顶层省略。实际上，换电平台1至少分为顶层和底层，该顶层能够与前轮辊筒组21和后轮辊筒组22共同组成一个支撑电动汽车前进的平面。
按图2和图3方位所示，具体而言，动力传动部包括驱动电机331和丝杠332螺母333单元，驱动电机331优选的为伺服电机，其与丝杠332螺母333单元的丝杠332连接，拉板34与丝杠332螺母333单元的螺母333连接。此外，前/后轮对中机构32还包括沿Y轴方向设置的导轨334以及与导轨334匹配的滑块335，滑块335与螺母333连接，用于使拉板34沿导轨334的设置方向移动。结合图2，在一种可能的实施方式中，伺服电机通过联轴器与丝杠332连接，丝杠332从前轮辊筒组21的下方穿过。拉板34与螺母333之间设置有安装架35，拉板34通过安装架35与螺母333连接。在丝杠332远离电机一侧的两边设置有平行导轨334和与之匹配的滑块335，滑块335中部与螺母333固定连接，滑块335两端以可滑动的方式与该平行导轨334连接，限制拉板34沿平 行导轨334的方向移动，该移动使拉板34恰好可以从前轮辊筒组21的中间穿过。结合图3，在另一种可能的实施方式中，伺服电机通过联轴器与丝杠332连接，丝杠332有后轮辊筒组22一侧的下方穿过。丝杠332远离电机一侧的两边设置有平行导轨334和与之匹配的滑块335，滑块335中部与螺母333固定连接，滑块335两端以可滑动的方式与该平行导轨334连接。拉板34与滑块335之间设置有安装架35，拉板34通过安装架35与滑块335固定连接。拉板34在滑块335的限制下沿平行导轨334的方向移动，该移动使拉板34恰好可以从后轮辊筒组22的上方穿过。
通过上述描述可以看出，通过两个前轮对中机构31和两个后轮对中机构32的设置，本发明可以实现从车轮外侧向内侧拉动车轮的定位。这种定位方式的优点在于：一方面，可以实现电动汽车移动的单边差异化调节，如通过单边微调的方式提高电动汽车与换电机器人的定位精准度，进而确保了换电的成功率和准确度。另一方面，每个前/后轮对中机构32配置一个动力传动部的设置方式还大大降低了伺服电机的负荷，避免了伺服电机过载的情况出现。此外，采用换电平台1中部设置动力传动部、两侧设置拉板34、并且动力传动部嵌入换电平台1的布局方式，还有效地减小了前/后轮对中机构32在换电平台1的占用面积，降低了停车难度。
可以理解的是，虽然上述前轮对中机构31和后轮对中机构32的优选设置方式为以对称的方式嵌设于换电平台1，但是这种设置方式仅仅用来阐述本发明的原理，并非旨在于限制本发明的保护范围，在不偏离本发明原理的前提下，本领域技术人员能够对其设置方式做出调整，以便其适应更加具体的应用场景。例如，还可以把两个伺服电机由沿Y轴放置改为并排的沿X轴设置，并且每个伺服电机通过一对锥齿轮完成与丝杠332的连接；或者将两个伺服电机沿图1中的对称轴前后并排放置，并相应的调整丝杠332和拉板34的位置，使两个拉板34仍然可以对称布置。再如，还可以使用气缸或者电缸来代替伺服电机完成驱动力的输出，以及将前轮对中机构31和/或后轮对中机构32设置于换电平台1的顶层或其他任何位置，只要其能满足从车轮的外侧向内侧拉动车轮的条件即可。
结合图1，在一种可能实施方式中，本发明的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置的定位过程可以为：
电动汽车行驶至换电平台1，切断电源并挂入空档，汽车的前轮驶入V型的前轮辊筒组21，并以嵌入的方式沿行驶方向固定在前轮辊筒组21内；电动汽车的后轮则支撑于I型的后轮辊筒组22上，此时汽车完成在X轴方向上的定位。两个前轮对中机构31和两个后轮对中机构32同时使拉板34从车轮外侧向内侧移动，率先接触电动汽车车轮的拉板34拉动车轮在前轮辊筒组21和/或后轮辊筒组22上沿横向移动。当四个拉板34同时与车轮接触时，电动汽车完成在Y轴方向的初步定位，并被拉杆固定。获取当前位置偏差，利用单个对中机构对车体进行微调。调整完成后，电动汽车定位完毕，即可进行后续的更换电池作业。
最后需要说明的是，尽管本实施方式是以第一对中机构为前轮对中机构31、第二对中机构为后轮对中机构32进行描述的，但是这并非旨在于限制本发明的保护范围，在不偏离发明原理的前提下，本领域技术人员还可以对上述对应关系进行调整，以便适用更加具体的应用场景。例如，第一对中机构为后轮对中机构32，第二对中机构为前轮对中机构31等。同样地，第一辊筒组、第二辊筒组与前轮辊筒组21、后轮辊筒组22的对应关系也可以互换。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，所述车辆定位装置包括设置于换电平台的第一定位部和第二定位部，所述第一定位部用于使车辆在第一方向定位，所述第二定位部用于使所述车辆在第二方向上定位；
    其特征在于，所述第二定位部包括两个第一对中机构，每个所述第一对中机构包括设置于所述换电平台中部的动力传动部，以及由所述动力传动部向一侧延伸出的拉板，所述拉板配置成能够在所述动力传动部的驱动下使所述车辆的前轮/后轮在所述第二方向上定位。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，所述拉板进一步配置成能够在所述动力传动部的驱动下从所述车辆的前轮/后轮外侧向内侧拉动所述前轮/后轮，进而使所述车辆的前轮/后轮在所述第二方向上定位。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，所述动力传动部包括驱动电机和丝杠螺母单元，所述驱动电机与所述丝杠螺母单元的丝杠连接，所述拉板与所述丝杠螺母单元的螺母连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，所述第一对中机构还包括沿所述第二方向设置的导轨以及与所述导轨匹配的滑块，所述滑块与所述拉板连接，用于使所述拉板沿所述第二方向移动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，所述两个第一对中机构安装于所述换电平台，并且/或者所述两个第一对中机构对称设置。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，所述第二定位部还包括两个第二对中机构，所述第二对中机构配置成能够对应的使所述车辆的后轮/前轮沿所述第二方向移动并定位。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，每个所述第二对中机构包括设置于所述换电平台中部的所述动力传动部，以及由所述动力传动部向一侧延伸出的所述拉板，所述拉板能够在所述动力传动部的驱动下从所述车辆的后轮外侧向内侧拉动所述后轮，进而使所述车辆的后轮在所述第二方向上定位。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，所述第一定位部包括两个第一辊筒组，所述两个第一辊筒组能够使所述车辆的前轮/后轮在所述第一方向定位，并且所述第一辊筒组允许所述前轮/后轮沿所述第二方向移动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，所述第一辊筒组包括沿所述第二方向并列排布的多个V型辊筒单元，所述车辆的前轮/后轮能够嵌入所述V型辊筒单元内。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，所述第一定位部还包括第二辊筒组，所述第二辊筒组能够对应的使所述车辆的后轮/前轮沿所述第二方向移动。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的用于充换电站的车辆定位装置，其特征在于，所述第二辊筒组包括沿所述第二方向并列排布的多个沿第一方向设置的I型辊筒单元，所述后轮/前轮能够支撑于所述I型辊筒单元上。
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