WO2019078277A1 - 細胞分級用チップ - Google Patents
細胞分級用チップ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019078277A1 WO2019078277A1 PCT/JP2018/038728 JP2018038728W WO2019078277A1 WO 2019078277 A1 WO2019078277 A1 WO 2019078277A1 JP 2018038728 W JP2018038728 W JP 2018038728W WO 2019078277 A1 WO2019078277 A1 WO 2019078277A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cell classification chip for concentrating rare target cells in a blood sample.
- Non-invasive prenatal genetic testing is exemplified to explain the background art of methods for concentrating rare target cells in blood samples and separating them from blood samples.
- NIPT is one of fetal chromosome inspection methods. This test is characterized in that it does not involve puncture of the amniotic membrane.
- NIPT is rapidly spreading throughout the world because the burden on the mother and fetus is small compared to the method involving puncture to the amniotic membrane.
- nucleated red blood cells are a type of rare target cell.
- Patent Document 1 describes a concentration method using a microchannel chip.
- red blood cells and white blood cells are permeated by passing blood through a slit of 1 ⁇ m in width. Nucleated red blood cells are retained in front of the slit. The retained nucleated red blood cells are removed from the chip.
- Patent Document 2 concentrates nucleated red blood cells with a device having a channel that deterministically guides particles based on hydraulic size, changes its magnetic property, and then applies a magnetic field to separate it.
- hydraulic size means the effective size of a particle when it interacts with a flow, barrier structure (eg, columnar) or other particle (paragraph [0041]).
- Patent Document 2 further identifies nucleated red blood cells by observing their cell nuclei by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with respect to a concentrated blood cell group of nucleated red blood cells. .
- FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
- Patent No. 5311356 gazette JP, 2009-511001, A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-205387 JP 2007-175684 A Patent No. 4091123 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-530629 Patent No. 5857537 Patent No. 5308834 gazette
- Patent Document 1 the volume of the sample solution that can be processed by the chip remains in the order of " ⁇ l". For this reason, it is considered preferable to perform separation by density gradient centrifugation etc. prior to concentration treatment with a chip (the same document, paragraph [0040]). It is considered that the chip of Patent Document 1 is not suitable for processing whole blood containing a large amount of white blood cells and non-nucleated red blood cells.
- concentration based on hydraulic size is performed by a device. Hydrodynamic size-based enrichment is applicable to whole blood. However, further concentration is required due to the magnetic properties.
- the test subject's maternal blood sample can, of course, collect only a limited amount. It is also obstetrically clear that the period during which prenatal diagnosis can be made is limited for each pregnant woman being tested. Furthermore, the number of fetal nucleated red blood cells in the blood is extremely low. Conventional enrichment methods can not sufficiently enrich such rare cells. Similar problems occur not only with NIPT but also when it is desired to concentrate rare target cells in whole blood. Enrichment of fetal-derived nucleated red blood cells in NIPT is a typical example.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a means for improving the efficiency of a technique for concentrating rare target cells in whole blood by a microchannel chip for cell classification.
- a chip comprising a microchannel unit for hydraulically classifying cells in a blood sample, comprising:
- the microchannel unit includes a main channel through which a blood sample flows, a sub-channel connected to the side of the main channel, and a side of the main channel downstream of the sub-channel and opposite to the sub-channel.
- It has a pattern in which a removal flow channel connected to one side and a recovery flow channel connected to the side of the main flow channel on the opposite side to the sub flow channel downstream of the removal flow channel are developed flatly Yes, Liquid flowing from the sub-flow channel into the main flow channel pushes cells flowing in the main flow channel toward the removal flow channel and the recovery flow channel, The fluid containing non-nucleated red blood cells among the pushed-in cells enters the removal flow path, whereby non-nucleated red blood cells are removed from the blood sample, Among the remaining cells from which the non-nucleated red blood cells have been removed, the fluid containing the target cells enters the recovery channel, whereby target cells are obtained from the blood sample,
- the flow rate per unit time in the cross section of the connection between the main flow path and the collection flow path for each collection flow path is the flow rate between the main flow path and the removal flow path for each of the removal flow paths.
- the inlet of the main channel of the microchannel unit, the inlet of the sub channel, the outlet of the removal channel, the outlet of the recovery channel, and the outlet of the main channel are columnar channels that cross through each layer. Connected to the column flow path so as to be grouped together, Chip.
- the microchannel units are provided one by one in each layer, The chip as described in ⁇ 1>.
- ⁇ 3> When the chip is viewed in a plan view, the direction and position of the micro-channel unit pattern of each layer are uniform. The chip as described in ⁇ 2>.
- the pillar flow path to which the inlets of the main flow path and the sub flow path are respectively connected has an opening on the upper surface of the chip, and the outlets of the removal flow path, the recovery flow path and the main flow path are each
- the column flow path to be connected has an opening on the lower surface of the chip,
- the blood sample passes through the tip from the top surface of the tip to the bottom surface;
- ⁇ 5> The layer having the microchannel unit is continuously laminated at equal intervals, The chip as described in ⁇ 4>.
- the inscribed diameter of the removal channel is 4 to 19 ⁇ m at the connection between the main channel and the removal channel,
- the inscribed diameter of the recovery flow channel at the connection portion between the main flow channel and the recovery flow channel is 20 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the chip as described in ⁇ 1>. ⁇ 7> In the microchannel unit, The cross-sectional area of at least one of the recovery channel and the removal channel becomes larger as it goes downstream.
- the chip as described in ⁇ 1>. ⁇ 8> Use of the chip according to ⁇ 4>, for obtaining a concentrated fraction of target cells as a measure of cell number by fractionating a blood sample,
- the blood sample is one in which target cells are not enriched by measuring the number of cells when compared with whole blood itself or whole blood. use.
- the inflow of the blood sample to the column channel to which the main channel is connected is 8 to 25 ⁇ l / min. Use as described in ⁇ 8>.
- the inflow of the liquid per unit time to the column flow path to which the sub flow path is connected is 1 of the inflow of the blood sample to the column flow path to which the main flow path is connected per unit time ⁇ 2 times, Use as described in ⁇ 9>.
- the blood sample is whole blood of maternal blood or a simple dilution thereof;
- the target cells are fetal nucleated red blood cells, Use as described in ⁇ 8>.
- a concentrated fraction A of nucleated red blood cells is obtained based on the use of the chip described in ⁇ 12>, By specifically labeling fraction A for leukocytes and nucleic acids, and sorting at least the blood cells in the labeled fraction A by cell sorting, the blood cells labeled with the leukocyte-specific label become Obtain a fraction B which has been excluded and is enriched in blood cells labeled with a label specific for nucleic acids, By analyzing the chromosomes contained in blood cells in the fraction B, data to be provided for diagnosis in noninvasive prenatal genetic testing is obtained.
- Method. ⁇ 14> The method according to ⁇ 13>, wherein the analysis of chromosome is analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization method, next generation sequencing method or microarray method.
- the present invention can provide a means for improving the efficiency of a technology for concentrating rare target cells in whole blood by a microchannel chip for cell classification.
- FIG. 1 It is a top view of a blood cell separation chip. It is a schematic diagram of a blood cell separation chip. It is a schematic diagram of a cell sorter. It is a schematic diagram of the result of density gradient lamination
- the fluorescence intensity distribution of Hoechst 33342 is shown.
- Figure 5 shows the fluorescence intensity distribution of immunolabeling in maternal blood.
- the fluorescence intensity distribution of the immunolabeling in general blood is shown. It is an electrophoresis image of DNA of amplified SRY gene sequence. It is a stained image of blood cells. It is an electrophoresis image of DNA of amplified SRY gene sequence. It is a top view of a blood cell separation chip.
- Target cells are cell types that undergo enrichment.
- enrichment means to increase the frequency of cells by measuring the number of cells.
- nucleated red blood cells so-called erythroblasts
- the blood sample may be whole blood itself.
- the blood sample may be a sample in which nucleated red blood cells are not concentrated as a measure of the cell number as compared to whole blood, a so-called unsprung sample.
- the blood sample contains at least non-nucleated red blood cells, ie, mature red blood cells and target cells.
- the starting material is a maternal blood sample of a human pregnant woman.
- the pregnant woman has a post-menstrual gestational age of 10 to 33 weeks.
- the post-menstrual gestational age is represented by the number of full days or the number of full weeks, with the first day of the last menstrual period as the first day.
- Postmenstrual gestational age may be calculated as postnatal fertilization gestation plus two weeks.
- Maternal blood or a dilution thereof is an example of a blood sample.
- the chip according to the present embodiment and the use thereof can be applied to other than maternal blood.
- maternal blood may be replaced with a blood sample or the technical content thereof may be interpreted.
- the maternal blood sample may be maternal blood itself.
- the maternal blood sample may be maternal blood that has been subjected to any chemical or physical treatment on the maternal blood so as to be suitable for preservation and subsequent processing efficiency.
- treatments include, for example, the addition of preservatives such as apoptosis inhibitors, adjustment of temperature, addition of reagents to prevent sedimentation of the blood cells, and protection of the blood cells from physical damage of shaking with an air cushion. It is not limited to.
- maternal blood refers to blood collected from a pregnant woman.
- Maternal blood can be collected from pregnant women by conventional medical methods.
- the collected maternal blood may be immediately enriched for nucleated red blood cells.
- maternal blood may be transported from the place where blood collection is performed to the place where concentration processing is performed, and then nucleated red blood cells may be concentrated.
- the maternal blood may be subjected to any desired conservative treatment.
- Non-patent Document 1 The necessary amount of maternal blood is considered as follows. It is thought that 10 ml of maternal blood contains about 3 ⁇ 10 10 blood cells. The same volume of maternal blood is considered to contain about 36 to 2168 nucleated red blood cells (Non-patent Document 1).
- the amount of maternal blood as a starting material may be 0.01 to 100 ml.
- the amount of maternal blood is 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0 .3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 ml may be used.
- Fetal-derived cells In this embodiment, it is an object to obtain concentrated fetal-derived cells.
- the nucleated red blood cells contained in maternal blood as fetal-derived cells are described below.
- blood cells refer to blood cells.
- Blood contains blood cells and plasma. In one theory, it is said that among human blood cells, red blood cells are the majority, and white blood cells and platelets are the other. Maternal blood contains nucleated red blood cells of fetal origin.
- the nucleated red blood cells are erythroblasts, preferably erythroblasts that have lost cell division ability.
- Erythrocytes are produced as hematopoietic stem cells differentiate and mature. In the process of differentiation and maturation, from hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid progenitor cells, erythrocyte / megakaryocytic precursor cells, proerythroblast precursor cells (BFU-E), late erythroblast precursor cells (CFU-E) , Pro-erythroblasts, basophil erythroblasts, polychromatic erythroblasts, orthochromatic erythroblasts, reticulocytes, and erythrocytes appear.
- the erythroblasts include pro-erythroblasts, basophil erythroblasts, polychromatic erythroblasts, and orthochromatic erythroblasts. Nuclei are lost from blood cells in the process of differentiation of orthochromatic erythroblasts into reticulocytes. The orthochromatic erythroblasts usually lose cell division ability.
- Nucleated red blood cells are usually in the bone marrow. However, as mentioned above, very little nucleated red blood cells are found in the blood. In maternal blood, very little nucleated red blood cells of maternal origin and of fetal origin are found. In maternal blood, the number of fetal-derived nucleated red blood cells is usually smaller than the number of maternal-derived nucleated red blood cells.
- Fetal-derived cells are concentrated by the method of the present embodiment.
- Enrichment of fetal-derived cells refers to obtaining a concentrated fraction of fetal-derived cells from a maternal blood sample based on whole blood cells, preferably whole blood cells, and in this embodiment, fetal-derived cells are Being concentrated means that the proportion of fetal-derived cells in total blood cells in the fraction is improved. It preferably indicates that the ratio of nucleated red blood cells to red blood cells is improved.
- the microchannel chip may be referred to as a blood cell separation chip.
- the blood cell separation chip can also separate floating cells other than blood cells in blood based on its three-dimensional structure.
- the material of the chip can be selected appropriately, silicone such as PDMS is preferable.
- the blood cell separation chip is for separating blood cells in a maternal sample on the basis of properties such as cell size, plasticity and shape.
- the micro-channel unit pattern of the blood cell separation chip is based on the theory of hydraulic classification described in Patent Documents 3 and 4.
- FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a blood cell separation chip 50 as an example of the blood cell separation chip.
- the blood cell separation chip 50 has an inlet 51, a main channel 52, a secondary channel 53, and outlets 54a-d and 55.
- the main flow channel 52 has flow channels 56 a-d in order toward the outlet 55 of the inlet 51.
- the channels 56a to 56d are connected from the inlet 51 to the outlet 55.
- the inlet 51 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a syringe 57 containing maternal blood. Maternal blood is sent from the syringe 57 to the inlet 51 at a predetermined flow rate. Maternal blood enters channel 56 a via inlet 51.
- the maternal blood can be agitated, for example, by placing the agitator in a fluid delivery container such as the syringe 57 in FIG. 1 and physically moving it under the action of an external force to dilute the blood in the container. Can be kept stirred at all times.
- the blood cell distribution can be carried out with a constant blood cell concentration maintained for a long time without causing a bias in blood cell distribution due to sedimentation of blood cells in the container.
- Stirring may be performed periodically. Stirring may be performed continuously. Agitation is performed on the blood sample waiting for injection on the chip, at least while injecting the blood sample on the chip. The stirred blood sample is sequentially injected into the chip.
- Maternal blood can be diluted beforehand.
- the dilution rate can be appropriately selected, but is preferably 2- to 500-fold, preferably 4 to 50-fold, and more preferably 5- to 10-fold. Dilutions are done with phosphate buffered saline. For example, 5 to 15 ml of maternal blood dilution can be processed in a single fraction.
- the flow rate per unit time of the maternal blood dilution solution can be selected appropriately, it is preferably 0.1 to 500 ⁇ l / min per microchannel unit, more preferably 0.5 to 50 ⁇ l / min, and particularly preferably 1 to 25 ⁇ l / min .
- the flow rate is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 ⁇ l / min It may be either.
- the flow rate is the inflow of the blood sample to the main flow path.
- the flow rate can be appropriately increased according to the number of microchannel units, but the flow rate is multiplied by the number of blood separation chips Flow rates are preferred.
- the sub flow passage 53 is connected to the syringe 58.
- the syringe 58 contains PBS (phosphate buffered saline). By applying pressure in the syringe 58, the PBS flows into the flow path 56b through the sub flow path 53.
- PBS is an example, and it may be used in place of PBS as long as it is a liquid that does not easily damage cells in a blood sample due to osmotic pressure or pH.
- the flow rate of the sub flow path 53 is preferably 1 to 10 times, more preferably 1 to 5 times, and particularly preferably 1 to 2 times the flow rate per unit time of the blood sample to the main flow path.
- the flow rate in the sub flow channel 53 is the inflow of the liquid to the sub flow channel 53, here PBS.
- the branch channels 59 a-d shown in FIG. 1 are all channels branched from the main channel 52.
- the branch channels 59 a-d are located on the opposite side of the sub channel 53 across the main channel 52.
- Each of the branch channels 59a-d shown in FIG. 1 has a plurality of narrow channels branched from the main channel 52.
- the narrow flow channels are arranged from the upstream to the downstream of the main flow channel 52.
- the branch channels 59a-d each reach an outlet 54a-d.
- the narrow flow paths in the branch flow paths 59a-d merge respectively in front of the outlets 54a-d.
- the flow path 56 d reaches the outlet 55.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the process of blood cell separation by the blood cell separation chip 50.
- the branch channels 59a-d each have a plurality of narrow channels.
- one narrow flow path is shown in each of the branch flow paths 59a-d.
- Maternal blood flows from the upstream of the main flow path 52 shown in FIG.
- Maternal blood contains a large amount of blood cells. Blood cells reach the flow path 56b.
- the PBS flowing through the sub flow channel 53 pushes the blood cells flowing through the main flow channel 52 from the side of the main flow channel 52. Blood cells are pushed toward the branch flow channels 59a-d in the flow channels 56b-c. Liquid flowing in the side channel suppresses maternal blood.
- branch flow paths 59 a-d are disposed on the side of the main flow path 52 opposite to the sub flow path 53.
- the inscribed diameters of the narrow flow channels included in each of the branch flow channels 59a-d increase in the order in which they are arranged.
- the inscribed diameter is the diameter of the inscribed circle in the orthogonal cross section of the narrow flow passage.
- the inscribed diameters of the narrow flow paths of the branch flow paths 59a-d may be 8, 12, 15 and 25 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the cross section of the narrow channel may be square, other polygonal or circular, but is preferably square.
- branch flow channels 59a-d in FIG. 1 apply to this.
- the number of branch channels is not particularly limited as long as it is two or more.
- at least two branch channels may be provided.
- the two branch channels concerned are classified into those constituted by the upstream narrow flow channel and those constituted by the downstream narrow flow channel.
- the inscribed diameter of the upstream narrow flow path may be 4 to 19 ⁇ m, preferably 12 to 19 ⁇ m.
- the inscribed diameter of the upstream narrow flow path may be any of 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 ⁇ m, preferably any of 14, 15, 16 ⁇ m, and more preferably 15 ⁇ m.
- the inscribed diameter is the inscribed diameter at the connection portion between the main flow passage 52 and the narrow flow passage.
- the cross-sectional area of the narrow channel may be larger as it goes downstream, and may be the largest at its most downstream.
- the branch flow channel 59a in FIG. 11 applies to a branch flow channel configured by an upstream narrow flow channel.
- the upstream narrow flow channel can be said to be a non-nucleated red blood cell removal flow channel.
- the nonnuclear red blood cells are removed from the blood sample as nonnuclear red blood cells enter the removal flow path among the blood cells pushed in by the sub flow path.
- the inscribed diameter of the downstream narrow flow path may be 20 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the downstream channel may have an inscribed diameter of 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 29 ⁇ m, preferably 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27 ⁇ m, More preferably, it is 24, 25 or 26 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 25 ⁇ m.
- the inscribed diameter is the inscribed diameter at the connection portion between the main flow passage 52 and the narrow flow passage.
- the cross-sectional area of the narrow channel may be larger as it goes downstream, and may be the largest at its most downstream.
- the branch flow channel 59 d in FIG. 11 applies to the branch flow channel configured by the downstream narrow flow channel.
- the narrow flow path on the downstream side can be said to be a collection flow path for nucleated red blood cells. Among nucleated red blood cells remaining after removal of non-nucleated red blood cells, nucleated red blood cells enter the recovery channel, whereby nucleated red blood cells are obtained as fractions from the blood sample.
- the blood cells pushed by the sub flow channel 53 flow into the branch flow channels 59a-d shown in FIG.
- the diameter of blood cells flowing into each branch channel is slightly smaller than the inscribed diameter of the narrow channel of the branch channel.
- the granules 39 are shown as blood cells slightly smaller than the inscribed diameter of the narrow flow channels of the branch flow channels 59a.
- the granules 39 lead to the outlet 54a.
- non-nucleated red blood cells 42 are shown as blood cells slightly smaller than the inscribed diameter of the narrow flow paths of the branch flow paths 59b and c.
- the non-nucleated red blood cells 42 reach the outlets 54b, c.
- nucleated red blood cells 41 are shown as blood cells slightly smaller than the inscribed diameter of the narrow flow paths of the branch flow paths 59d. Furthermore, white blood cells 43 are shown. The nucleated red blood cells 41 and the white blood cells 43 reach the outlet 54d.
- Blood cells not taken into the branch flow channels 59a-d shown in FIG. 2 pass through the flow channel 56d together with plasma as flow-through (FT) and reach the outlet 55 shown in FIG.
- FT flow-through
- aggregated blood cells are included in the flow-through.
- the outlets 54a-d and 55 are respectively provided with reservoirs for receiving fluid.
- Fractions Fr 1-4 are collected in each of the reservoirs connected to the outlets 54 a-d shown in FIG. The flow through is dispensed as a fraction Fr5 in a reservoir connected to the outlet 55 shown in FIG.
- the blood cell separation chip of the present embodiment may include a plurality of microchannel units.
- the microchannel unit has a pattern. In the pattern, as shown in FIG. 2, the main flow path 52, the sub flow path 53, the removal flow paths 59a-c, and the recovery flow path 59d are developed in a planar manner.
- the chip 20 shown in FIG. 12 is a multilayer chip having ten layers from layer L01 to layer L10. Each layer has a microchannel unit.
- the topmost layer in the chip 20 is the lid for the topmost layer, layer L01.
- the layers L01 to L10 are continuously stacked at equal intervals. In the drawing, the distance between the layer L01 and the layer L03 is large. However, this is only a representation method for making it easy to see the pattern shape of a microchannel unit in the figure. The same applies between layer L09 and layer L10.
- the number of layers of the chip 20 is an example.
- the chip 20 has 2 to 200, preferably 5 to 50, more preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 8 to 10 layers having microchannel units.
- the number of layers may be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19.
- the inlet of the main channel, the inlet of the sub channel, the outlet of the removal channel, the outlet of the recovery channel, and the outlet of the main channel of the microchannel unit of each layer are individually connected to the respective layers. It may be done. As shown in FIG. 12, these inlets and outlets may be collectively connected to a column flow passage which passes through each layer. The column flow path may penetrate all the layers.
- the pillar flow passage 22 and the pillar flow passage 23 have an opening on the top surface of the chip.
- the column flow passage 22 is connected to the inlet 51 of the main flow passage.
- the column flow passage 23 is connected to the inlet 61 of the sub flow passage.
- the pillar flow passage 24a, the pillar flow passage 24d and the pillar flow passage 25 have openings in the lower surface of the chip.
- the column flow passage 24a is connected to the outlet 54a of the removal flow passage.
- the column flow path 24d is connected to the outlet 54d of the recovery flow path.
- the column flow path 25 is connected to the outlet 55 of the recovery flow path.
- the blood sample passes through the tip 20 from the top to the bottom of the tip 20,
- the microchannel units included in each layer vertically overlap each other to form a microchannel stack, and the inlets of the main channels included in the microchannel units of each layer, the sub-channels
- the inlet, the outlet of the removal channel, the outlet of the recovery channel, and the outlet of the main channel are collectively connected to a pillar channel penetrating the respective layers, the bottom layer of the inlet of the main channel is blocked.
- One of the outlets of the main flow path may be closed.
- the top or bottom layer of the outlet of the main channel may be closed.
- the blood cell separation chip may have a plurality of the microchannel units in one layer.
- the layer may have 1 to 200, preferably 5 to 50, more preferably 10 to 20.
- the inlet of the main channel, the inlet of the sub-channel, and the outlet of the main channel of the microchannel unit of each layer may be connected for each microchannel unit, or are collectively connected to a plurality of microchannel units It may be done. It is preferable that the direction and position of the micro-channel unit pattern of each layer be uniform when the chip is viewed in plan.
- the flow rate of the blood sample per unit time can be appropriately selected.
- the flow rate is preferably 0.8 to 500 ⁇ l / min, more preferably 4 to 200 ⁇ l / min, and particularly preferably 8 to 25 ⁇ l / min, per microchannel unit.
- the flow rates are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 ⁇ l / l. It may be any of the minutes.
- the flow rate is the inflow of the blood sample to the column flow path.
- the flow rate per unit time of the liquid introduced into the column channel of the sub-channel is as follows: You may The flow rate is preferably 1 to 10 times, more preferably 1 to 5 times, and particularly preferably 1 to 2 times the flow rate per unit time of the blood sample introduced into the column flow path of the main flow path.
- the flow rate may be 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 or 1.9 times.
- the liquid may be PBS.
- the concentration method of the present embodiment has an advantage over the method using density.
- One is that although the influence of the elapsed time after blood collection on blood cell density is large, the influence on blood cell size is small. This means that the place where blood is collected is easy to carry out the method of the present embodiment even if it is far from the place where blood cells are fractionated.
- fractionation by size can be performed with easy operation, such as the operation of the blood cell separation chip, for example.
- the nucleated red blood cells may be further concentrated by cell sorting from a fraction in which nucleated red blood cells are concentrated (hereinafter sometimes referred to as fraction A) using the blood cell separation chip of the present embodiment.
- Fraction A is specifically labeled at least for white blood cells and nucleic acids. It may be specifically labeled to erythrocytes.
- the label (lavel or laveling) may be a magnetic label or a fluorescent label, preferably a fluorescent label.
- the label may be a direct label or an indirect label. Indirect labeling may be by tag and secondary antibody, or by biotin-avidin conjugation.
- the leukocyte specific label may be an immuno label.
- a label may be a label for a leukocyte-specific antigen such as CD45.
- the antigen may be a carbohydrate antigen.
- the label specific to red blood cells may be a label specific to the surface of red blood cells.
- the label specific for red blood cells may be an immunolabel.
- the immunolabeling may be labeling with an antibody.
- the target antigen for immunolabeling may be a carbohydrate antigen.
- the label may be by an antibody to an antigen specific for erythrocytes such as CD71 and CD235a (GPA, Glycophorin A).
- the immunolabeling specific for red blood cells may be a label specific for immature red blood cells. It may be an immunolabeling using as a target antigen a peptide chain that is characteristic of immature red blood cells such as embryonic epsilon globin chain of hemoglobin. Such an antibody for immunolabeling is described in Patent Document 5.
- the specific label for nucleic acid specifically labels the nucleus of nucleated red blood cells.
- the label specific for the nucleic acid may be a dye label.
- the nucleic acid to be labeled is preferably DNA.
- the dye may be a fluorescent dye.
- the nuclei may be fluorescently labeled with a fluorescent dye.
- the fluorescent dye may be Hoechst 33342.
- an antibody that reacts with surface antigens present on fetal nucleated red blood cells but does not react with surface antigens on red blood cells of a pregnant woman may be used.
- the antibody may be a monoclonal antibody.
- the antibody described in Patent Document 6 may be 4B9.
- Such antibodies may be used together with the above-described immunolabeling specific for erythrocytes and a label specific for nucleic acids. By using such an antibody, it is possible to perform specific labeling on nucleated red blood cells without relying on specific labels for nucleic acids.
- Histological cross-linking may be performed on the blood cells in fraction A before any of the above-mentioned labeling. Alternatively, cross-linking may be performed prior to all labeling. Moreover, you may fractionate by the following cell sorting in the state which concerns. By cross-linking and fixing blood cells, aggregation of blood cells can be prevented. Therefore, sorting by cell sorting can be performed with high accuracy.
- fractionation as described below that is, the fractionation by cell sorting may be performed without performing histological cross-linking on the blood cells in fraction A.
- a nucleic acid-specific label and an erythrocyte-specific immunolabeling may be simultaneously performed without cross-linking fixation of blood cells.
- blood cells may be cross-linked and fixed after the labeling.
- leukocyte-specific immunolabeling may be performed on cross-linked fixed blood cells.
- Nucleated red blood cells can be further concentrated by sorting the blood cells in the labeled fraction A by cell sorting.
- Cell sorting uses, for example, an apparatus (cell sorter) used to sort cells. If the label is a fluorescent label, the method of sorting by cell sorting may be fluorescence activated cell sorting (FCM). The method of sorting by cell sorting may be cell sorting by magnetic labeling. In the present embodiment, the principle of cell sorting and the type of cell sorter are not particularly limited.
- the FCM is performed by a cell analyzer to which a sorting device is added, for example, a cell sorter.
- the cell sorter places the cells in a continuously flowing fluid and identifies the characteristics of the individual cells by the fluorescence of the cells obtained by irradiating the cells with excitation light. This identification is also a function of the cell analyzer. Based on the information obtained by the identification, the cell sorter further keeps the cells in a state of being entrapped in droplets, and separates particular cells by collecting droplets having particular cells.
- the cell sorter places the cells in a continuously flowing fluid and identifies the characteristics of the individual cells by the fluorescence of the cells obtained by irradiating the cells with excitation light. Based on the information obtained by the identification, the cell sorter separates a fraction having specific cells while the cells are continuously placed in a flowing fluid.
- the cell sorter which does not use such droplets can lead the cells into the sorting container while the cells are placed in the fluid, so the cells are less likely to be damaged. Further, in the process of introducing the cells into the container, by confining the fluid in the flow path chip, it is easy to prevent the contamination of the device and the environment due to the fluid droplet.
- nucleated red blood cells are red blood cells
- nucleated red blood cells can be distinguished from other blood cells including white blood cells by a label specific to red blood cells.
- Leukocytes labeled with a specific label for leukocytes may be excluded from fraction A.
- nucleated red blood cells have a nucleus, they can distinguish nucleated red blood cells from other blood cells including non-nucleated red blood cells by labeling specific to nucleic acid.
- fraction B In cell sorting, these labels are combined to obtain a fraction in which the purity of nucleated red blood cells is enhanced. Sorting with a label specific to erythrocytes and sorting with a label specific to nucleic acids may be performed simultaneously. Alternatively, either may be done first. For example, fraction B may be obtained by performing sorting with a magnetic label specific to red blood cells and then sorting with a fluorescent label specific to nucleic acids.
- cells may be sorted using fluorescence in addition to the first fraction obtained by cell sorting.
- the sorting by cell sorting may be further repeated on the obtained first fraction to obtain the second and subsequent fractions.
- the fraction B may be finally obtained by this.
- nucleated red blood cells can be concentrated from blood samples efficiently and in a short time.
- maternal blood when maternal blood is used as a blood sample, it is possible to concentrate fetal nucleated red blood cells in a short time.
- the nuclear genome of fetal-derived nucleated red blood cells may be analyzed by any of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH, Fluorescence in situ hybridization), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and microarray method.
- FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
- NGS Next Generation Sequencing
- microarray method By analysis, data on the number of chromosomes, the structure of chromosomes and the nucleotide sequence of nuclear genomic DNA can be obtained. Such data can be used to test or diagnose fetal chromosomal disease. Such a test is a non-invasive prenatal genetic test.
- an oligonucleotide probe labeled with a fluorescent substance, an enzyme or the like is used to hybridize with a target gene, and then the expression analysis of the target gene is performed by detecting the probe. is there.
- those labeled with a fluorescent substance are called fluorescence in situ hybridization methods. Diagnostic data can be obtained by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Diagnostic data can be used to determine the presence or absence of chromosomal aberrations or microdefects such as Down's syndrome, Edwards syndrome, 22q 11.2 deficiency syndrome.
- Data for diagnosis may be obtained by analyzing concentrated nucleated red blood cells by in situ hybridization method. For example, by performing FISH using a fluorescent probe based on a DNA sequence specific to chromosome 21, it is possible to obtain data to be used for diagnosis of Down's syndrome.
- the next-generation sequencing method reads the base sequence of DNA at high speed.
- Data for diagnosis can be obtained by reading the nucleotide sequence of nuclear genomic DNA contained in the enriched fetal-derived nucleated red blood cells by NGS. Diagnostic data can help determine the presence or absence of chromosomal aberrations or microdefects such as Down's syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and 22q 11.2 deficiency syndrome.
- Data for diagnosis may be obtained by analyzing nuclear genomic DNA of fetal origin nucleated red blood cells by a microarray method.
- the microarray method is performed by hybridizing each genomic DNA or its amplified DNA to which a fluorescent label or the like has been applied to a minute spot on a substrate.
- a synthetic DNA having a gene sequence is previously adsorbed to the spot. Diagnostic data can help determine the presence or absence of chromosomal aberrations or microdefects such as Down's syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and 22q 11.2 deficiency syndrome.
- the method of the present embodiment can efficiently concentrate nucleated red blood cells. Therefore, the method of the present embodiment is suitable for preparing fetal-derived nucleated red blood cells used for these analysis means.
- concentration means removing blood cells other than nucleated red blood cells. It is preferable that the blood cells removed from maternal blood upon concentration be non-nucleated red blood cells. More preferably, platelets are also removed from maternal blood upon concentration.
- Concentrated fraction A of nucleated red blood cells was obtained by density gradient stacking centrifugation. After concentration, the ratio of nucleated red blood cells to total blood cells in fraction A will be greater than the ratio of nucleated red blood cells to total blood cells in the maternal blood sample.
- Fractionation by density gradient stacking centrifugation was performed as follows. Percoll and saline were used to make isotonic solutions with densities of 1.085 g / ml and 1.075 g / ml. After sequentially stacking them in a centrifuge tube, 10 ml of maternal blood was further overlaid. The centrifuge tube was centrifuged at 1750 G at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- FIG. 1 The schematic diagram of the result of density gradient lamination
- Layers 45a to 45f are formed on the centrifugal tube 46 in order from the top.
- the layer 45a is enriched in plasma.
- the white blood cells 43 are concentrated in the layer 45 b.
- the density of layers 45a and b is considered to be less than 1.075 g / ml.
- Layer 45c is a layer of an isotonic solution with a density of 1.075 g / ml.
- Nucleated red blood cells 41 are concentrated in the layer 45d shown in FIG.
- the density of layer 45d is believed to be greater than 1.075 g / ml and less than 1.085 g / ml.
- the layer 45d was separated and the blood cells were washed to obtain a fraction containing nucleated red blood cells. This fraction was designated as sample 1.
- the number of blood cells in sample 1 was measured using a fully automatic cell counter TC20. The blood cell count was about 9.95 ⁇ 10 6 .
- the layer 45e shown in FIG. 4 is a layer of an isotonic solution with a density of 1.085 g / ml.
- the density of layer 45f is considered to be greater than 1.085 g / ml.
- the blood cells of fraction A are Hoechst 33342 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-CD45-PE labeled antibody (Miltenyi-Biotec, clone: 5B1), and anti-CD235a-FITC labeled antibody (Miltenyi-Biotec, clone: REA175) At the same time. At the time of staining, cross-linking fixation of blood cells was not performed. The staining was performed at 4 ° C. for 10 minutes. After staining, the labeled blood cells were recovered by centrifuging the blood cell suspension at 4 ° C. and 300 G for 10 minutes.
- the volume ratio (dilution ratio) between the anti-CD45-PE labeled antibody and the buffer was 1:10. Also, the volume ratio (dilution ratio) between the anti-CD235a-FITC labeled antibody and the buffer was set to 1: 1099.
- Fraction A was further fractionated by cell sorting.
- the cell sorter shown in the schematic view of FIG. 4 was used as the cell sorter.
- the cell sorter concerned detects fluorescence of blood cells.
- a steady liquid flow including the fluorescently labeled fraction A is produced in the main flow path 47 shown in FIG.
- the excitation light is projected to the blood cells 48a in the liquid flow to detect the presence or absence of the signal of the label by fluorescence.
- the sub flow passage 49 intersects with the main flow passage 47. Blood cells 48 a flow toward the intersection of the main flow path 47 and the sub flow path 49.
- Blood cells 48b shown in FIG. 4 are blood cells in which a signal is detected.
- the blood cells flow in the main channel 47 and enter the intersection.
- a pulse flow can be generated in the direction intersecting the liquid flow. Based on the above signals, pulse flow is generated targeting the blood cell 48b.
- Blood cells 48 b are separated from the liquid flow of the main flow channel 47 by placing the blood cells 48 b shown in FIG. 4 in the pulse flow of the sub flow channel 49. Separated blood cells 48b are collected sequentially. This produces a fraction B of 48b collected.
- Patent Document 7 The details of the cell sorter are described in Patent Document 7.
- a cell sorter provided by on-chip biotechnology was used (type of cell sorter: On-chip-Sort MS6).
- the operating conditions of the cell sorter for cell sorting were as follows.
- FIG. 5 shows the fluorescence intensity distribution of Hoechst 33342.
- the vertical axis represents the appearance frequency of blood cells.
- the horizontal axis represents the intensity of the Hoechst fluorescence signal. Two peaks appear. The frequency of occurrence was minimized between the intensities 40 and 50.
- the boundary value was determined in the relevant range, and blood cells with greater intensity were estimated as nucleated blood cells. In addition, blood cells smaller in intensity than this were estimated to be non-nucleated blood cells.
- FIG. 6 shows the fluorescence intensity distribution of immunolabeling in maternal blood.
- FIG. 7 shows the fluorescence intensity distribution of the immunolabeling in general blood.
- the ordinate represents the intensity of the luminescence signal of FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) bound to the anti-CD235a antibody.
- the horizontal axis represents the intensity of luminescence signal of PE (phycoerythrin) bound to anti-CD45 antibody.
- Ar1 in FIGS. 6 and 7 represents a group in which the signal of CD235a-FITC is strongly displayed.
- Ar2 represents a population of CD45 labeled leukocytes.
- fraction B was subjected to DNA extraction using Nucleospin Tissue XS (purchased from Takara Bio Inc.).
- FIG. 14 shows the results of molecular biological analysis.
- the inner lanes 1 to 11 of the electrophoresis image shown in FIG. 8 represent amplification products of 270 bp in length by PCR on the SRY gene sequence.
- the template is as follows.
- Lane 1 human male standard DNA, 200 copies.
- Lane 2 human female standard DNA, 200 copies.
- Lane 3 human male standard DNA, 0 copies.
- Lane 4 human male standard DNA, 1 copy.
- Lane 5 human male standard DNA, 4 copies.
- Lane 6 human male standard DNA, 8 copies.
- Lane 7 16 copies of human male standard DNA.
- Lane 8 human male standard DNA, 64 copies.
- Lane 9 human male standard DNA, 100 copies.
- Lane 10 Sample 1 From the electrophoresis image shown in FIG. 8, it was found that sample 1 contained DNA having 4 to 16 copies of the SRY gene sequence. Therefore, it was found that sample 1 contained chromosomal DNA derived from fetus.
- Example 1 ⁇ Concentration of nucleated red blood cells by blood cell separation chip>
- 0.3 ml of maternal blood 2-3 hours after blood collection was used, and the concentration of nucleated red blood cells was carried out using the blood cell separation chip shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- Maternal blood was diluted 50 times in advance. Dilutions were performed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The flow rate per unit time of maternal blood dilution solution to the main flow path and the flow rate per unit time of PBS to the side flow path were 25 ⁇ l / min per hemocytometer chip. Fractionation with a blood cell separation chip was performed for 10 hours.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- each narrow channel was 8, 12, 15 and 25 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the cross section of the narrow channel was square.
- Table 1 shows the results of fractionation of 15 ml of maternal blood dilution solution with the above-mentioned hemocyte separation chip.
- Such maternal blood contained 300 ⁇ l of maternal whole blood.
- Maternal blood whole blood is considered to contain 1.43 ⁇ 10 9 blood cells. It measured using fully automatic cell counter TC20.
- the blood cell counts of the fractions having passed the branch flow channels 1 to 4 and the flow through 5 are as shown in Table 1.
- the number of blood cells in the fraction Fr4 shown in Table 1 was 3.29 ⁇ 10 7 . In consideration of the results of density gradient stacking centrifugation, it is considered that such fractions contain blood cells corresponding to nucleated red blood cells and white blood cells.
- the fraction Fr4 was used as the above-mentioned fraction A, and analysis by cell sorting was performed.
- Fraction B was collected in the same manner as in Reference Example 1. First, Fraction A was stained with Hoechst 33342 and PE-modified anti-CD45 antibody. Staining was performed on cells without fixation including cross-linking. Next, staining with FITC modified anti-CD235a antibody was performed. The concentration of antibody was optimized as in Reference Example 1.
- FIG. 9 shows blood cells stained as described above. As shown in the figure, the occurrence of aggregation was suppressed. For this reason, it was shown that blood cells can be separated from one another at the single cell level. The suppression of aggregation in this example is considered to be due to the optimization of the antibody concentration to be stained.
- the fraction B was divided into three fractions each having about 200 blood cells. These fractions were expected to contain one or two fetal nucleated red blood cells.
- chromosomal DNA Extraction of chromosomal DNA was performed to each fraction.
- Whole genome amplification was performed on chromosomal DNA by MALBAC (Multiple Annealing and Looping Based Amplification Cycles) method.
- MALBAC Multiple Annealing and Looping Based Amplification Cycles
- PCR amplification was performed specifically for the SRY gene sequence using the amplified chromosomal DNA as a template.
- the electrophoretic layer of the PCR product of the SRY gene is shown in FIG.
- the template is as follows.
- Lane 1 distilled water.
- Lane 2 human male standard DNA, 20 ng.
- Lane 3 human female standard DNA, 20 ng.
- Lane 4 Amplified product by MALBAC method 1, 450 ng.
- Lane 5 MALBAC amplified product 2, 610 ng.
- Lane 6 3, 700 ng amplification product by MALBAC method.
- fraction B In PCR using amplification product 1 of lane 4 as a template, a band of SRY was observed. In PCR using other amplification products as a template, no SRY band was observed. From the above, it was found that, by fractionating fraction B, it can be divided into a fraction having fetal blood cells and a fraction not having it.
- nucleated red blood cells can be concentrated by the blood cell separation chip of this example.
- Example 2 ⁇ Concentration of nucleated red blood cells by blood cell separation chip> Maternal blood provided from a 43-year-old woman (fetal boy) at 26 weeks of gestation was diluted 5-fold with PBS, and nucleated red blood cells were concentrated using a blood cell separation chip. Maternal blood diluted after about 69 hours was used.
- the blood cell separation chip used is a modification of the one used in Example 1.
- the chip used in Example 1 had four branch channels and a flow through, but in this embodiment, two chips having branch channels each having an inscribed diameter of 15 and 25 ⁇ m and a flow through ( 11, 59a, d) stacked in 10 layers, that is, each channel is disposed in a plane in a microchannel unit, the separation chip has 10 layers having microchannel units, and each layer
- the microchannel units included in each form a microchannel stack by vertically overlapping each other, and in the hierarchical channels, the inlet of the main channel, the inlet of the sub-channel, and the removal of the microchannel unit of each layer are removed.
- the outlet of the channel, the outlet of the recovery channel, and the outlet of the main channel are collectively connected to the column channel passing through all the layers, the bottom layer of the inlet of the main channel is closed, and one of the outlets of the main channel is closed. For what you are It was ( Figure 12).
- the flow rate per unit time of the maternal blood dilution solution and the flow rate per unit time of PBS to the side channel were 50 ⁇ l per minute per hemocytometer chip and fractionated using a hemocytometer chip for 60 minutes.
- the blood cell counts of the fractions having passed through branch channel 1 (Fr1), branch channel 2 (Fr2) and flow through 3 (Fr3) are as shown in Table 2.
- the obtained fraction 2 was considered to contain 3.11 ⁇ 10 7 blood cells. It measured using fully automatic cell counter TC20.
- the 1/8 amount of blood cells newly obtained from Fr2 was separated by a cell sorter to obtain a fraction containing 2198 blood cells (FIG. 14, Ar area).
- Chromosomal DNA was extracted from each fraction obtained as in Example 1. Whole genome amplification was performed on the chromosomal DNA by MALBAC method. The amplified chromosomal DNA was purified by NucleoSpin Gel and PCR Clean-up (purchased from Takara Bio Inc.), and a portion of this was used as a template to perform PCR amplification specifically for the SRY gene sequence. The electrophoresis image of the PCR product of the SRY gene is shown in FIG. The template is as follows.
- Lane 1 distilled water.
- Lane 2 20 ng of commercially available human male standard DNA.
- Lane 3 20 ng of commercially available human female standard DNA.
- Lane 4 10 ng of amplification product of chromosomal DNA contained in maternal blood Fr 2 by MALBAC method.
- Lane 5 10 ng of amplification product of chromosomal DNA contained in maternal blood Fr2 by MALBAC method.
- Example 3 The blood cell separation chip used in Example 2 was modified as shown in FIG. That is, nucleated red blood cells were concentrated according to Example 2 using four microchannel units formed in a layer having a microchannel unit and having 10 layers. By forming two or more microchannel units in the layer having microchannel units, a plurality of the microchannel stacks are arranged in the blood cell separation chip. The column flow path to which the inlet is connected is integrated as a single integrated column flow path.
- the inscribed diameter of the branch flow channel is the same as that shown in Example 2, and the flow rate per unit time of the maternal blood dilution solution and the flow rate per unit time of PBS to the sub flow channel per minute per hemocytometer chip The volume was adjusted to 200 ⁇ l and fractionated using a blood cell separation chip for 60 minutes.
- nucleated red blood cells could be concentrated in the same manner as described in Example 2.
- the present invention has been described by taking nucleated red blood cells as an example of target cells.
- the target cells may not be blood cells.
- the target cells may, for example, be CTCs (peripheral circulating tumor cells).
- the blood sample may be taken from a subject requiring a test for cancer, a cancer patient, or a patient who has already been treated for cancer.
- the performance evaluation of the multilayer chip was performed as follows. As in Example 2, whole blood was fractionated using a multilayer chip in which layers having microchannel units were continuously laminated at equal intervals. Whole blood is whole blood of a general adult who is not a pregnant woman. A dilution of whole blood was fractionated. The dilution rate was 5 times.
- the multilayer chip has the same microchannel units as described in Example 2. However, the multilayer chip used in this example is different from the multilayer chip of Example 2 in that the number of layers having microchannel units is eight. A single layer chip with the same microchannel unit was also used as a control.
- the inflow rate of diluted blood to the column channel that collects the inlet of the main channel was 20 ⁇ l / min.
- the diluted blood that has flowed into the multi-layered chip is divided and flows into each of the sub-flow channels in each layer.
- the inflow rate of diluted blood to the only main channel was 20 ⁇ l / min.
- the volume of blood processed by each chip is 600 ⁇ l.
- the PBS was passed through the side channel to suppress the blood flow in the main channel.
- the flow rate of PBS into the column flow channel that collects the inlets of the sub flow channels was 20 ⁇ l (weak hold down) or 40 ⁇ l (strong hold down) per minute.
- the inflow rate of PBS into only one subchannel was 20 ⁇ l / min.
- the PBS that has flowed into the multilayer chip is divided and flows into each of the sub-flow channels in each layer.
- the volume of PBS introduced into each chip is 600 ⁇ l or 1,200 ⁇ l.
- Fraction F1 was obtained from branch channel 1 (Fr1, width 15 ⁇ m, corresponding to column channel 24a in FIG. 12).
- Fraction F2 was obtained from branch channel 2 (Fr2, width 25 ⁇ m, corresponding to column channel 24d in FIG. 12).
- Fraction F3 was obtained from the flow through (Fr3, equivalent to 25 for the column flow path in FIG. 12). Blood cells contained in each fraction were analyzed to obtain the results shown in Table 3.
- the number of cells (C1) collected in fractions F1 to F3 was measured with a fully automatic cell counter TC20 (BIORAD). However, the fraction F1 was diluted 400 times in advance and then the number of cells was measured. This is because the fraction F1 mainly contains a large number of mature erythrocytes after enucleation. The dilution rate may be 100 to 200 times.
- the fraction F1 is hemolyzed. This hemolyzes the mature red blood cells in the fraction F1. Nucleated cells, including white blood cells, remain after hemolysis. Some of the remaining cells were analyzed by FCM. In fraction F2, a part of the collected cells was analyzed by FCM. Fluorescent nuclear staining was performed on the fractions F1 and F2 after hemolysis. The positive rate (p) (%) of nuclear staining was measured by FCM.
- the number of cells (C2) remaining after the hemolysis treatment was taken as a parameter (C3).
- the number of cells (C1) collected by the multilayer chip was used as a parameter.
- the population (C3) was multiplied by the positive rate (p) (%) to calculate the number of nucleated cells (C4) in each fraction.
- the distribution ratio of nucleated cells to fraction F1 and fraction F2 was determined. The sum of the distribution ratio of the fraction F1 and the fraction F2 is 100. Also, the ratio of the number of nucleated cells (C4) to the total number of cells collected by the chip is shown in the table as the fractional efficiency (%).
- the distribution ratio of nucleated cells was 42.4: 57.6 in the monolayer chip when weak pressing (20 ⁇ l / min) was applied. On the other hand, it was 7.9: 92.1 in the multilayer chip. This result indicates that many nucleated cells are intruding into the thin branch channel 1 in the single layer chip. In the multi-layered chip, it is indicated that entry of nucleated cells into the branch channel 1 is alleviated.
- the multilayer chip had higher accuracy of hydrodynamic classification for mature red blood cells and nucleated cells than the single layer chip.
- fractionation was carried out by applying strong pressing (40 ⁇ l / min).
- the positive rate (p) of fraction F2 improved to 55.3% with a single layer chip.
- Even the multilayer chip has improved to 66.6%. This result indicates that the entry of the mature red blood cells into the branch channel 2 is alleviated by strengthening the pressing.
- the distribution ratio of nucleated cells was 21.5: 78.5 in the monolayer chip when strong pressing (40 ⁇ l / min) was applied.
- the multilayer chip was also 4.6: 95.4.
- a method for obtaining a concentrated fraction of nucleated red blood cells based on the number of whole blood by fractionating blood cells in a blood sample using a blood cell separation chip wherein the blood sample is A blood sample itself, or an uncrimped sample in which the whole blood is enriched in nucleated red blood cells on the basis of the number as compared to the blood sample,
- the blood cell separation chip includes a main flow path through which the blood sample flows, a sub flow path connected to the side of the main flow path, and a side of the main flow path downstream of the sub flow path opposite to the sub flow path.
- a microchannel unit having a removal flow channel connected to one side and a recovery flow channel connected to the side of the main flow channel on the opposite side to the sub flow channel downstream of the removal flow channel;
- the liquid flowing out of the sub flow channel pushes the blood cells flowing through the main flow channel toward the removal flow channel and the recovery flow channel,
- the nonnuclear red blood cells are removed from the blood sample by nonnuclear red blood cells entering the removal channel among the pressed blood cells.
- nucleated red blood cells enter the collection flow channel, whereby nucleated red blood cells are obtained as the fraction from the blood sample,
- the inscribed diameters of the removal flow channel and the recovery flow channel are different, and the inscribed diameter of the removal flow channel at the connection portion between the main flow channel and the removal flow channel is the connection between the main flow channel and the recovery flow channel
- the numerical value lower than the inscribed diameter of the recovery channel in the [2] The method according to [1], wherein the blood sample is a maternal blood sample, and the nucleated red blood cells are fetal-derived nucleated red blood cells, [3]
- the inscribed diameter of the removal channel at the connection between the main channel and the removal channel is 4 to 19 ⁇ m,
- an inscribed diameter of the recovery flow channel at a connection portion between the main flow channel and the recovery flow channel is 20 to 30 ⁇ m
- [4] The method according to [1], wherein the flow rate per minute of the blood sample
- the inscribed diameter of the recovery channel is expanded in the middle of the recovery channel
- the inscribed diameter of the removal channel is enlarged in the middle of the removal channel
- the method described in [1] [11] Fractionation of blood cells in a blood sample using a blood cell separation chip to obtain a concentrated fraction A of nucleated red blood cells based on the number of whole blood, the blood sample being a blood sample
- the whole blood is an unspoiled sample in which nucleated red blood cells are not enriched on the basis of the number as compared with the blood sample itself or the blood sample,
- fraction A specifically to white blood cells and nucleic acids and sorting blood cells in the labeled fraction A by at least cell sorting, blood labeled by white blood cells specific labeling can be obtained.
- the blood cell separation chip includes a main flow path through which the blood sample flows, a sub flow path connected to the side of the main flow path, and a side of the main flow path downstream of the sub flow path opposite to the sub flow path.
- a microchannel unit having a removal flow channel connected to one side and a recovery flow channel connected to the side of the main flow channel on the opposite side to the sub flow channel downstream of the removal flow channel;
- the liquid flowing out of the sub flow channel pushes the blood cells flowing through the main flow channel toward the removal flow channel and the recovery flow channel,
- the nonnuclear red blood cells are removed from the blood sample by nonnuclear red blood cells entering the removal channel among the pressed blood cells.
- nucleated red blood cells enter the collection flow channel, whereby nucleated red blood cells are obtained as the fraction from the blood sample,
- the inscribed diameters of the removal flow channel and the recovery flow channel are different, and the inscribed diameter of the removal flow channel at the connection portion between the main flow channel and the removal flow channel is the connection between the main flow channel and the recovery flow channel
- the numerical value lower than the inscribed diameter of the recovery channel in the [12] The method according to [11], wherein the analysis of chromosome is analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization method, next generation genome sequencing method or microarray method, [13]
- the method according to [11], wherein the blood sample is a maternal blood sample, and the nucleated red blood cells are fetal-derived nucleated red blood cells, [14]
- the inscribed diameter of the removal channel at the connection portion between the main channel and the removal channel is 4 to 19 ⁇ m
- the method according to [11] wherein an inscribed diameter of the recovery
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Abstract
Description
血液試料中の細胞を水力学的に分級するためのマイクロ流路単位を、備えるチップであって、
前記マイクロ流路単位は、血液試料が流れる主流路と、前記主流路の側方に接続する副流路と、前記副流路の下流において前記副流路とは反対側の前記主流路の側方に接続する除去流路と、前記除去流路の下流において前記副流路とは反対側の前記主流路の側方に接続する回収流路とが平面的に展開してなるパターンを有しており、
前記副流路から前記主流路内に流れ出す液体が前記主流路を流れる細胞を前記除去流路及び前記回収流路の側に向かって押し込み、
前記押し込まれた細胞のうち無核赤血球を含む流体が前記除去流路に進入することで、血液試料から無核赤血球が除去され、
前記無核赤血球が除去されて残った細胞のうち標的細胞を含む流体が前記回収流路に進入することで血液試料から標的細胞が取得され、
前記回収流路一本ごとの前記主流路と前記回収流路との間の接続部の断面における単位時間当たりの流量が、前記除去流路一本ごとの前記主流路と前記除去流路との間の接続部の断面における単位時間当たりの流量に比べて大きく、
同一の前記パターンを有する前記マイクロ流路単位が高さ方向に繰り返し積層されており、
前記マイクロ流路単位の有する前記主流路の入口、前記副流路の入口、前記除去流路の出口、前記回収流路の出口及び前記主流路の出口は各層を横断的に貫く柱流路によってそれぞれまとめられるように前記柱流路に接続されている、
チップ。
<2>
前記マイクロ流路単位が各層に1個ずつ設けられている、
<1>に記載のチップ。
<3>
前記チップを平面視したときに各層の前記マイクロ流路単位のパターンの向き及び位置が揃っている、
<2>に記載のチップ。
<4>
前記主流路及び前記副流路の前記入口がそれぞれ接続される前記柱流路が前記チップの上面に開口を有し、さらに
前記除去流路、前記回収流路及び前記主流路の前記出口がそれぞれ接続される前記柱流路が前記チップの下面に開口を有することで、
前記血液試料が前記チップの上面から下面に向かって前記チップを通り抜ける、
<3>に記載のチップ。
<5>
前記マイクロ流路単位を有する層が等間隔に連続的に積層されている、
<4>に記載のチップ。
<6>
前記主流路と前記除去流路との接続部において前記除去流路の内接径が4~19μmであり、
前記主流路と前記回収流路との接続部において前記回収流路の内接径が20~30μmである、
<1>に記載のチップ。
<7>
前記マイクロ流路単位において、
前記回収流路及び前記除去流路の少なくともいずれかの断面積はその下流に進むほど大きくなる、
<1>に記載のチップ。
<8>
血液試料を分画することで細胞数を尺度として標的細胞の濃縮された画分を取得するための、<4>に記載のチップの使用であって、
前記血液試料は、全血そのもの又は全血と比較した場合に細胞数を尺度として標的細胞が濃縮されていないものである、
使用。
<9>
前記主流路が接続される前記柱流路への前記血液試料の流入量が8~25μl/分である、
<8>に記載の使用。
<10>
前記副流路が接続される前記柱流路への前記液体の単位時間当たりの流入量が、前記主流路が接続される前記柱流路への前記血液試料の単位時間当たりの流入量の1~2倍である、
<9>に記載の使用。
<11>
前記血液試料を前記チップに注入する間に注入を待つ血液試料を攪拌するとともに、撹拌した血液試料を順次前記チップに注入する、
<8>に記載の使用。
<12>
前記血液試料が母体血の全血又はこれを単に希釈したものであり、
前記標的細胞が胎児由来有核赤血球である、
<8>に記載の使用。
<13>
<12>に記載のチップの使用に基づき有核赤血球の濃縮された画分Aを取得し、
画分Aを白血球及び核酸に対して特異的に標識するとともに、標識した前記画分A中の血球を少なくともセルソーティングによって選別することで、白血球に対して特異的な標識により標識された血球が排除されているとともに核酸に対して特異的な標識により標識された血球が濃縮されている画分Bを取得し、
前記画分B中の血球に含まれる染色体の解析を行うことで、非侵襲的出生前遺伝学的検査における診断に供するデータを取得する、
方法。
<14>
染色体の解析が、蛍光in situハイブリダイゼーション法、次世代シークエンス法又はマイクロアレイ法による解析である<13>に記載の方法。
本実施形態において出発材料はヒトの妊婦の母体血試料である。妊婦は月経後胎齢が10週から33週であることが好ましい。月経後胎齢は最終月経初日を1日目として、満日数又は満週数で表したものである。月経後胎齢は受精後胎齢に2週を加えたものとして算出してもよい。母体血又はこれを希釈したものは血液試料の一例である。本実施形態に係るチップやその使用を母体血以外に適用することができる。以下の実施形態の説明において母体血を血液試料に置き換えてもその技術的内容を解釈してもよい。
本実施形態において、濃縮された胎児由来細胞を取得することを目的とする。以下に胎児由来細胞として母体血に含まれる有核赤血球について説明する。
本実施形態の方法により胎児由来細胞を濃縮する。胎児由来細胞の濃縮とは、母体血試料から、全血球を基準として、好ましくは全赤血球を基準として胎児由来細胞の濃縮された画分を取得することを言い、本実施形態において胎児由来細胞が濃縮されていることとは、画分中の全血球に占める胎児由来細胞の割合が向上していることを指す。好ましくは赤血球に占める有核赤血球の割合が向上していることを指す。
本実施形態の血球分離チップを用いて有核赤血球が濃縮された画分(以下、画分Aということもある)からセルソーティングにより更に有核赤血球を濃縮してもよい。
標識した画分A中の血球をセルソーティングによって選別することで有核赤血球をさらに濃縮することができる。セルソーティングでは例えば細胞を選別するために用いられる装置(セルソーター)を使用する。標識が蛍光標識であれば、セルソーティングによる選別の方法は蛍光標示式細胞分取法(FCM)でもよい。セルソーティングによる選別の方法は磁気標識による細胞分取法でもよい。本実施形態ではセルソーティングの原理及びセルソーターの機種は特に限定されない。
画分A中の血球を蛍光標識した場合は、セルソーティングとしてFACS(商標)を用いることが好ましい。またセルソーティングによる処理後も蛍光標識は残存しているので、これを有効に利用してもよい。
<採血>
本参考例および後述の実施例では適切な手続の下、母体血及び一般血の提供を受けた。母体血は、試験研究用として妊娠33週の妊婦から提供されたものである。胎児の性別は男性である。本実施例において用いられた一般血は、試験研究用として妊婦ではない人から提供されたものである。母体血及び一般血の採取は医療機関においてなされた。これらの血液は適正な管理の下、発明者らの研究室に輸送された。
母体血中の有核赤血球を密度勾配遠心法で濃縮した。ここで濃縮とは、有核赤血球以外の血球を除去することである。濃縮において母体血から除去される血球は無核の赤血球であることが好ましい。濃縮において母体血から血小板も除去されることがさらに好ましい。
画分Aの血球をHoechst33342(Sigma-Aldrich製)、抗CD45-PE標識抗体(Miltenyi-Biotec製、クローン名:5B1)、及び抗CD235a-FITC標識抗体(Miltenyi-Biotec製、クローン名:REA175)で同時に染色した。染色に際して血球の架橋固定は行わなかった。染色は4℃で、10分間行った。染色後、血球の懸濁液を4℃、300Gの条件で10分間遠心することで標識された血球を回収した。
図5はHoechst33342の蛍光強度分布を示す。縦軸は血球の出現頻度を表す。横軸はHoechstの蛍光シグナルの強度を表す。ピークが二つ表れている。出現頻度が強度40~50の間で極小となった。係る範囲で境界値を定め、これより強度の大きい血球を有核の血球と推定した。また、これより強度の小さい血球を無核の血球と推定した。
画分Bの全体に対してNucleospin Tissue XS(タカラバイオ株式会社から購入)を使用して、DNA抽出を行った。
図8に示す電気泳動像より、試料1には4~16コピーのSRY遺伝子配列を有するDNAが含まれることが分かった。したがって、試料1には胎児由来の染色体DNAが含有されることが分かった。
<血球分離チップによる有核赤血球の濃縮>
実施例1では採血後2~3時間経過した母体血0.3mlを使用し、有核赤血球の濃縮の図1および図2に示す血球分離チップによって行った。
15mlの母体血希釈液を上記血球分離チップで分画した結果を表1に示す。係る母体血には300μlの母体血全血が含まれた。母体血全血中には1.43×109個の血球が含まれると考えられる。全自動セルカウンターTC20を用いて測定した。分岐流路1~4並びにフロースルー5を通過した画分の血球数は表1の通りである。
図9には上述のように染色した血球が示されている。図に示すように凝集の発生は抑えられていた。このため、血球を一細胞レベルで互いに分離可能なことが示された。本実施例において凝集が抑えられたことは染色する抗体濃度を最適化したことによると考えられる。
上記画分Bを、血球を約200個ずつ有する3つの画分に分けた。これらの画分には1~2個の胎児由来の有核赤血球が含まれているものと期待された。
<血球分離チップによる有核赤血球の濃縮>
妊娠26週の43歳女性(胎児は男児)から提供された母体血をPBSで5倍に希釈し血球分離チップを用いて有核赤血球の濃縮を行った。約69時間経過後に希釈した母体血を用いた。
母体血から得られた画分Fr2に含まれる血球3.11×107個のうち1/8量(0.40×106個)の血球を実施例1と同様にセルソーターで選別した。Hoechst33342及びCD235aに対して陽性、かつCD45に対して陰性の血球を選別した。以上により15429個の血球を含有する画分を得た(図13、Arエリア)。
レーン5の右側には100bpのDNAラダーが示されている。
実施例2で用いた血球分離チップを図16に示すように改変して用いた。すなわち、マイクロ流路単位を有する層中に4個の前記マイクロ流路単位が形成され、前記層が10個であるものを用いて、実施例2に準じて有核赤血球を濃縮した。マイクロ流路単位を有する層中に2以上のマイクロ流路単位が形成されることで、血球分離チップ中には複数の前記マイクロ流路スタックが立ち並んでいる。入口が接続する柱流路が一本の統合柱流路として統合されている。
[1]血球分離チップを使用して血液試料中の血球を分画することで全血が数を基準として有核赤血球の濃縮された画分を取得する方法であって、前記血液試料は、血液試料それ自体、又は前記血液試料に比べて全血が数を基準として有核赤血球が濃縮されていない未漉縮試料であり、
前記血球分離チップは、前記血液試料が流れる主流路と、前記主流路の側方に接続する副流路と、前記副流路の下流において前記副流路とは反対側の前記主流路の側方に接続する除去流路と、前記除去流路の下流において前記副流路とは反対側の前記主流路の側方に接続する回収流路と、を有するマイクロ流路単位を備え、
副流路から流れ出す液が前記主流路を流れる血球を前記除去流路及び前記回収流路の側に向かって押し込み、
前記押し込まれた血球のうち無核赤血球が前記除去流路に進入することで、前記血液試料から無核赤血球が除去され、
前記無核赤血球が除去されて残った血球のうち有核赤血球が前記回収流路に進入することで前記血液試料から有核赤血球が前記画分として取得され、
前記除去流路と前記回収流路の内接径が異なり、前記主流路と前記除去流路との接続部における前記除去流路の内接径が、前記主流路と前記回収流路との接続部における前記回収流路の内接径より低い数値である、方法、
[2]前記血液試料が母体血試料であり、前記有核赤血球が胎児由来有核赤血球である、[1]記載の方法、
[3]前記主流路と前記除去流路との接続部において前記除去流路の内接径が4~19μmであり、
前記主流路と前記回収流路との接続部において前記回収流路の内接径が20~30μmである、[1]記載の方法、
[4]前記主流路への血液試料の1分間時間当たりの流量が0.5~50μlである、[1]記載の方法、
[5]前記副流路の流量が、前記主流路への血液試料の1分間当たりの流量の1~10倍である、[1]記載の方法、
[6]前記マイクロ流路単位中では各流路が平面的に配置されており、前記分離チップは前記マイクロ流路単位を有する層を2~200個有し、
各層の有する前記マイクロ流路単位は縦方向に互いに重なり合うことでマイクロ流路ス
タックを形成しており、
前記階層流路において、各層の前記マイクロ流路単位の有する前記主流路の注入口、前記副流路の注入口、前記除去流路の排出口、前記回収流路の排出口及び前記主流路の排出口は全層を貫く縦流路にそれぞれまとめて接続されている、[1]に記載の方法、
[7]前記主流路の注入口の底層はふさがり、前記主流路の排出口の最上層または最下層がふさがっている、[6]記載の方法、
[8]前記マイクロ流路単位を有する層中に2以上の前記マイクロ流路単位が形成されることで、前記血球分離チップ中には複数の前記マイクロ流路スタックが立ち並んでおり、前記注入口が接続する前記縦流路が一本の統合縦流路として統合されている、[6]記載の方法、
[9]前記血液試料を注入する間に前記血液試料を定期的に攪拌する、[1]に記載の方法、
[10]前記マイクロ流路単位において、
前記回収流路の前記内接径は前記回収流路の途中で拡大し、
前記除去流路の前記内接径は前記除去流路の途中で拡大している、
[1]に記載の方法、
[11]血球分離チップを使用して血液試料中の血球を分画することで全血が数を基準として有核赤血球の濃縮された画分Aを取得し、前記血液試料は、血液試料それ自体、又は前記血液試料に比べて全血が数を基準として有核赤血球が濃縮されていない未漉縮試料であり、
画分Aを白血球及び核酸に対して特異的に標識するとともに、標識した前記画分A中の血球を少なくともセルソーティングによって選別することで、白血球に対して特異的な標識により標識された血が排除されているとともに核酸に対して特異的な標識により標識された血球が濃縮されている画分Bを取得し、
前記画分B中の血球に含まれる染色体の解析を行うことで、非侵襲的出生前遺伝学的検査における診断に供するデータを取得する方法であって、
前記血球分離チップは、前記血液試料が流れる主流路と、前記主流路の側方に接続する副流路と、前記副流路の下流において前記副流路とは反対側の前記主流路の側方に接続する除去流路と、前記除去流路の下流において前記副流路とは反対側の前記主流路の側方に接続する回収流路と、を有するマイクロ流路単位を備え、
副流路から流れ出す液が前記主流路を流れる血球を前記除去流路及び前記回収流路の側に向かって押し込み、
前記押し込まれた血球のうち無核赤血球が前記除去流路に進入することで、前記血液試料から無核赤血球が除去され、
前記無核赤血球が除去されて残った血球のうち有核赤血球が前記回収流路に進入することで前記血液試料から有核赤血球が前記画分として取得され、
前記除去流路と前記回収流路の内接径が異なり、前記主流路と前記除去流路との接続部における前記除去流路の内接径が、前記主流路と前記回収流路との接続部における前記回収流路の内接径より低い数値である、方法、
[12]染色体の解析が、蛍光in situハイブリダイゼーシヨン法、次世代ゲノムシークエンス法またはマイクロアレイ法による解析である[11]記載の方法、
[13]前記血液試料が母体血試料であり、前記有核赤血球が胎児由来有核赤血球である、[11]記載の方法、
[14]前記主流路と前記除去流路との接続部において前記除去流路の内接径が4~19μmであり、
前記主流路と前記回収流路との接続部において前記回収流路の内接径が20~30μmである、[11]記載の方法、
[15]前記主流路への血液試料の1分間単位時間当たりの流量が0.5~50μlである、[11]記載の方法、
[16]前記副流路の流量が、前記主流路への血液試料の1分間当たりの流量の1~10倍である、[11]記載の方法、
[17]前記マイクロ流路単位中では各流路が平面的に配置されており、前記分離チップは前記マイクロ流路単位を有する層を2~200個有し、
各層の有する前記マイクロ流路単位は縦方向に互いに重なり合うことでマイクロ流路スタックを形成しており、
前記階層流路において、各層の前記マイクロ流路単位の有する前記主流路の注入口、前記副流路の注入口、前記除去流路の排出口、前記回収流路の排出口及び前記主流路の排出口は全層を貫く縦流路にそれぞれまとめて接続されている、[11]に記載の方法、
[18]前記主流路の注入口の底層はふさがり、前記主流路の排出口の最上層または最下層がふさがっている、[17]記載の方法、
[19]前記マイクロ流路単位を有する層中に2以上の前記マイクロ流路単位が形成されることで、前記血球分離チップ中には複数の前記マイクロ流路スタックが立ち並んでおり、前記注入口が接続する前記縦流路が一本の統合縦流路として統合されている、[17]記載の方法、
[20]前記血液試料を注入する間に前記血液試料を定期的に攪拌する、[11]に記載の方法、
[21]前記マイクロ流路単位において、
前記回収流路の前記内接径は前記回収流路の途中で拡大し、
前記除去流路の前記内接径は前記除去流路の途中で拡大している、
[11]に記載の方法。
22 主流路の入口をまとめる柱流路
23 副流路の入口をまとめる柱流路
24a 除去流路の出口をまとめる柱流路
24d 回収流路の出口をまとめる柱流路
25 主流路の出口をまとめる柱流路
39 顆粒
41 有核赤血球
42 無核赤血球
43 白血球
45a-f 層
46 遠心管
47 主流路
48a-c 血球
49 副流路
50 血球分離チップ
51 入口
52 主流路
53 副流路
54a-d 出口
55 出口
56a-d 流路
57 シリンジ
58 シリンジ
59a-d 分岐流路
61 入口
Fr1-5 画分
FT フロースルー
L01-L10 層
Claims (14)
- 血液試料中の細胞を水力学的に分級するためのマイクロ流路単位を、備えるチップであって、
前記マイクロ流路単位は、血液試料が流れる主流路と、前記主流路の側方に接続する副流路と、前記副流路の下流において前記副流路とは反対側の前記主流路の側方に接続する除去流路と、前記除去流路の下流において前記副流路とは反対側の前記主流路の側方に接続する回収流路とが平面的に展開してなるパターンを有しており、
前記副流路から前記主流路内に流れ出す液体が前記主流路を流れる細胞を前記除去流路及び前記回収流路の側に向かって押し込み、
前記押し込まれた細胞のうち無核赤血球を含む流体が前記除去流路に進入することで、血液試料から無核赤血球が除去され、
前記無核赤血球が除去されて残った細胞のうち標的細胞を含む流体が前記回収流路に進入することで血液試料から標的細胞が取得され、
前記回収流路一本ごとの前記主流路と前記回収流路との間の接続部の断面における単位時間当たりの流量が、前記除去流路一本ごとの前記主流路と前記除去流路との間の接続部の断面における単位時間当たりの流量に比べて大きく、
同一の前記パターンを有する前記マイクロ流路単位が高さ方向に繰り返し積層されており、
前記マイクロ流路単位の有する前記主流路の入口、前記副流路の入口、前記除去流路の出口、前記回収流路の出口及び前記主流路の出口は各層を横断的に貫く柱流路によってそれぞれまとめられるように前記柱流路に接続されている、
チップ。 - 前記マイクロ流路単位が各層に1個ずつ設けられている、
請求項1に記載のチップ。 - 前記チップを平面視したときに各層の前記マイクロ流路単位のパターンの向き及び位置が揃っている、
請求項2に記載のチップ。 - 前記主流路及び前記副流路の前記入口がそれぞれ接続される前記柱流路が前記チップの上面に開口を有し、さらに
前記除去流路、前記回収流路及び前記主流路の前記出口がそれぞれ接続される前記柱流路が前記チップの下面に開口を有することで、
前記血液試料が前記チップの上面から下面に向かって前記チップを通り抜ける、
請求項3に記載のチップ。 - 前記マイクロ流路単位を有する層が等間隔に連続的に積層されている、
請求項4に記載のチップ。 - 前記主流路と前記除去流路との接続部において前記除去流路の内接径が4~19μmであり、
前記主流路と前記回収流路との接続部において前記回収流路の内接径が20~30μmである、
請求項1に記載のチップ。 - 前記マイクロ流路単位において、
前記回収流路及び前記除去流路の少なくともいずれかの断面積はその下流に進むほど大きくなる、
請求項1に記載のチップ。 - 血液試料を分画することで細胞数を尺度として標的細胞の濃縮された画分を取得するための、請求項4に記載のチップの使用であって、
前記血液試料は、全血そのもの又は全血と比較した場合に細胞数を尺度として標的細胞が濃縮されていないものである、
使用。 - 前記主流路が接続される前記柱流路への前記血液試料の流入量が8~25μl/分である、
請求項8に記載の使用。 - 前記副流路が接続される前記柱流路への前記液体の単位時間当たりの流入量が、前記主流路が接続される前記柱流路への前記血液試料の単位時間当たりの流入量の1~2倍である、
請求項9に記載の使用。 - 前記血液試料を前記チップに注入する間に注入を待つ血液試料を攪拌するとともに、撹拌した血液試料を順次前記チップに注入する、
請求項8に記載の使用。 - 前記血液試料が母体血の全血又はこれを単に希釈したものであり、
前記標的細胞が胎児由来有核赤血球である、
請求項8に記載の使用。 - 請求項12に記載のチップの使用に基づき有核赤血球の濃縮された画分Aを取得し、
画分Aを白血球及び核酸に対して特異的に標識するとともに、標識した前記画分A中の血球を少なくともセルソーティングによって選別することで、白血球に対して特異的な標識により標識された血球が排除されているとともに核酸に対して特異的な標識により標識された血球が濃縮されている画分Bを取得し、
前記画分B中の血球に含まれる染色体の解析を行うことで、非侵襲的出生前遺伝学的検査における診断に供するデータを取得する、
方法。 - 染色体の解析が、蛍光in situハイブリダイゼーション法、次世代シークエンス法又はマイクロアレイ法による解析である請求項13に記載の方法。
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WO2024018926A1 (ja) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-01-25 | 株式会社Screenホールディングス | 流路チップ |
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