WO2019074109A1 - 無機粒子複合体およびその製造方法、並びに無機粒子複合体分散液 - Google Patents
無機粒子複合体およびその製造方法、並びに無機粒子複合体分散液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019074109A1 WO2019074109A1 PCT/JP2018/038171 JP2018038171W WO2019074109A1 WO 2019074109 A1 WO2019074109 A1 WO 2019074109A1 JP 2018038171 W JP2018038171 W JP 2018038171W WO 2019074109 A1 WO2019074109 A1 WO 2019074109A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- inorganic particle
- inorganic
- soluble salt
- powder
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- JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-ylmethyl)-1-oxa-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-8-yl]-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]methanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CC1=NOC2(C1)CCN(CC2)C(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004249 sodium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B32/225—Expansion; Exfoliation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/064—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/064—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with boron
- C01B21/0648—After-treatment, e.g. grinding, purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B32/182—Graphene
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- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
- C01G39/06—Sulfides
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
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- C01P2004/24—Nanoplates, i.e. plate-like particles with a thickness from 1-100 nanometer
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- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
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- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for exfoliating layered mineral powder and a method for producing a layered nanoplate composite.
- the present invention also relates to an inorganic particle composite and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention relates to an inorganic particle composite dispersion using the inorganic particle composite.
- Layered nanoplates represented by graphene are expected to be applied to functional materials and electronic materials including functional adhesives with functional conductivity and conductivity, functional coating films, functional printable inks, etc. There is.
- Non-Patent Document 1 A method is disclosed in which graphite is vigorously oxidized with nitric acid, sulfuric acid or the like to synthesize graphene oxide, and then hydrothermal synthesis is performed to cleave the epoxy chain to make the graphene finer.
- a graphene sheet organic dispersion is obtained using a graphene oxide water dispersion containing a water-soluble compound having a 9,9-bis (substituted aryl) fluorene skeleton and graphene oxide to obtain a graphene sheet water dispersion and an organic solvent
- Patent Document 1 A method of obtaining a graphene sheet organic dispersion through a step of centrifugally settling and collecting the graphene sheet and the like is disclosed (Patent Document 1).
- a method of adding a graphite to a specific ionic liquid and irradiating a microwave etc. and manufacturing a graphene dispersion liquid is proposed (patent document 2).
- Non-patent Document 3 a carbon material having a graphene laminated structure is immersed in a liquid containing an active methylene compound derivative and a basic compound, and stirred to obtain exfoliated graphite by stirring (Patent Document 3), graphite and polyaromatic hydrocarbon compound A method of obtaining flaked graphene using a dispersed liquid dispersion (Patent Document 4) has also been proposed.
- Patent Document 5 a method of forming a graphene sheet using lithium borate, lithium salt and a solvent
- Patent Document 5 a method of forming a graphene sheet using lithium borate, lithium salt and a solvent
- Patent Document 7 a fine carbon dispersion composition obtained by using a method of manufacturing (Patent Document 6) or a dispersion for fine carbon containing a polyimide precursor has been proposed (Patent Document 7).
- Patent Document 8 Although not a layered mineral, a method using an organic solvent and a salt has been proposed as a method of improving the dispersibility of carbon nanotubes.
- Non-patent Document 4 As a method of promoting the pulverization of natural graphite, it has been reported that a method of dry pulverization under a vacuum environment or a nitrogen environment is effective (Non-patent Document 4). In addition, it has been reported that, by dry-grinding graphite in an environment containing sulfur or in an environment containing hydrogen, a graphite nanoplate in which sulfur or hydrogen atoms are bonded to an edge portion can be obtained (Non-patent Document 5) Patent Document 9).
- nanoparticles have the property of being easily aggregated, in industrial use, a technology for suppressing reaggregation of nanoparticles is important. For example, in a colorant application, the aggregation of the nanoparticles may lower the image quality or cause a leveling failure. Techniques for preventing reaggregation of nanoparticles and enhancing their dispersibility are particularly desired in liquids.
- the first object of the present invention relates to a method for exfoliating layered mineral powder and a method for producing a layered nanoplate composite, and an exfoliating method for layered mineral powder excellent in productivity and excellent in dispersibility, and layered nanoplate composite
- the inorganic powder is at least one of layered mineral powder, sp 2 type carbon material, metal powder, ceramics and oxide powder thereof [1] or [2] Method of manufacturing particle complex.
- the counter cation of the water-soluble salt is any of potassium ion, sodium ion, lithium ion, barium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, rubidium ion and ammonium ion [1] to [3] The manufacturing method of the inorganic particle complex as described in.
- the average particle diameter of the inorganic particle complex is 1000 nm or less
- the water-soluble salt is a water-soluble salt in which the acid dissociation constant pKa (H 2 O) of the acid of the counter anion of the water-soluble salt is greater than 0,
- An inorganic particle complex including a component derived from the water-soluble salt.
- the inorganic powder is at least any one of layered mineral powder, sp 2 type carbon material, metal powder, ceramics and oxide powder thereof, according to [6] or [7].
- the counter cation of the water-soluble salt is any of potassium ion, sodium ion, lithium ion, barium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, rubidium ion and ammonium ion [6]
- [10] The inorganic particle composite according to any one of [6] to [9], which has an average particle size of 1,000 nm or less when dispersed in a polar solvent.
- the outstanding effect that the peeling method of layered mineral powder which is excellent in productivity and excellent in dispersibility, and the manufacturing method of a layered nanoplate composite can be provided is produced.
- the inorganic particle complex excellent in dispersion stability in a polar solvent, the method for producing the same, and the excellent effect of being able to provide the inorganic particle complex dispersion liquid are exhibited.
- TEM images of the dispersion according to Example 1-1 (the left side in the figure is the sample bottle before salt addition, the right side is the sample bottle after salt addition) and the layered nanoplate composite according to Example 1-1.
- TEM images of the dispersion according to Example 1-2 (the left side of the figure is the sample bottle before salt addition, the right side is the sample bottle after salt addition) and the layered nanoplate composite according to Example 1-2.
- TEM images of dispersions according to Example 1-3 (the left side in the figure is a sample bottle before salt addition, the right side is a sample bottle after salt addition) and the layered nanoplate composite according to Example 1-3.
- 5 is a graph showing the dispersibility of the inorganic particle complex according to Example 2-10 in a water / propanol mixed solvent.
- 5 is a graph showing the dispersibility of the inorganic particle complex according to Example 2-13 in a water / propanol mixed solvent.
- 5 is a graph showing the dispersibility of the inorganic particle complex according to Example 2-1 in a water / propanol mixed solvent.
- 5 is a graph showing the temporal stability of the dispersions of Example 2-20 and Comparative Example 2-10.
- 5 is a graph showing temporal stability of dispersions of Example 2-21 and Comparative Example 2-11.
- the peeling method of the layered mineral powder according to the first embodiment relates to a method of peeling the layered mineral powder to make the layer thinner than the original layered mineral powder.
- the peeling method of the layered mineral powder according to the first embodiment comprises the addition step of adding the layered mineral powder and the salt dispersed in the organic solvent at least in the organic solvent, and mixing the salt and the layered mineral powder in the organic solvent And mixing.
- a salt dispersed in an organic solvent means that it does not substantially dissolve but is suspended. However, as long as suspension is dominant, some salts may be dissolved in the organic solvent.
- distribution should just disperse
- the addition step and the mixing step can be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
- the order of addition of the salt and the layered mineral powder in the addition step does not matter.
- the layered mineral powder according to the first embodiment refers to a powdery layered mineral stacked in layers.
- the size of the “layered mineral powder” used as the raw material is not particularly limited as long as it can be dispersed in an organic solvent, and may be any size. For example, milli-order granular powder, fine particles of micro size or nano size can be exemplified.
- the type of layered mineral powder is not particularly limited, but boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, amorphous graphite, plate-like graphite, graphene nanoplates, graphene, tungsten disulfide, graphene oxide Examples thereof include titanium oxide, manganese oxide, vanadium oxide, layered belly hydroxide (LDH), transition metal dichalcogenite, and black phosphorus.
- Graphene includes multilayer graphene and single-layer graphene.
- the layered mineral powder can be produced by a known method or a commercially available product can be used.
- the layered mineral powder is used singly or in combination.
- the amount of the layered mineral powder to be added to the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as the dispersion is not impaired, but it is preferably 10 to 100 g / L.
- Organic solvent As the organic solvent according to the first embodiment, one having a dielectric constant satisfying the following equation (1) is used.
- n is an integer greater than or equal to 1
- the organic solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an organic solvent having a dielectric constant of 4 or more and 60 or less is used.
- the sum of the product of the volume ratio of each organic solvent to the total organic solvent and the relative dielectric constant of each organic solvent is 4 or more and 60 or less, as shown in the above equation (1).
- a more preferable range of Formula (1) is 10 or more and 50 or less, and a further preferable range is 20 or more and 40 or less.
- the organic solvent of the first embodiment one having a boiling point satisfying the following formula (2) is used.
- n is an integer greater than or equal to 1
- an organic solvent having a boiling point of less than 100 ° C. is used.
- the more preferable range of Formula (2) is 90 ° C. or less, and the more preferable range is 80 ° C. or less.
- the lower limit of the boiling point is not particularly limited, it can be easily produced at normal temperature, and from the viewpoint of easy handling, it preferably exhibits a liquid at normal temperature (23 ° C.), and more preferably has a boiling point of 60 ° C. or higher.
- Dissociation of the salt can be induced in the organic solvent when the dielectric constant of the organic solvent satisfies the above equation (1). Dissociation of the salt is only required to occur partially, and the degree is not important, but it is not preferred that the salt be completely dissociated. In other words, it is preferable that the salt be partially dissociated or hardly dissociated in the organic solvent.
- the type of the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as the above formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied, but acetone, ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile and the like are suitable solvents when used alone. It can be mentioned.
- an organic solvent which alone does not satisfy the formula (1) and / or the formula (2) can be used in combination.
- the organic solvent used for such mixing include dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), toluene and xylene.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- polar solvents such as acetone, ethanol and methanol are preferred. Further, from the viewpoint of production stability, it is preferable to use one type of organic solvent alone.
- the salt according to the first embodiment functions as a release agent for releasing layered mineral powder in an organic solvent.
- the salt according to the first embodiment uses a salt whose acid dissociation constant pKa (H 2 O) of the acid of the counter anion constituting this salt is greater than 0.
- Suitable counter anion acids of the salt include phosphoric acid (1.83), acetic acid (4.76), carbonic acid (6.11).
- Preferred examples of the counter cation forming a salt with the anion include potassium ion, sodium ion and ammonium ion.
- the concentration of the salt is not particularly limited, but preferably 0.01 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the layered mineral powder.
- the amount is more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0.1 to 1 parts by mass.
- the addition amount of the salt to the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but preferably 0.05 to 10 g / L.
- the environmental conditions at the time of performing the addition process which adds a salt and layered mineral powder to an organic solvent are not specifically limited, It can carry out simply in normal temperature and in air. Further, the order of addition is not limited. It may be simultaneous or salt may be added to the dispersion of layered mineral powder.
- known mixing means can be used without limitation. For example, a mixer such as a stirrer can be used. Moreover, ultrasonic irradiation, microwave irradiation, a high speed homogenizer (High Speed Homogenizer), a pressure type homogenizer, a jet mill, a ball mill, bead mill processing etc. can be illustrated. In the mixing step, a heating step may be used in combination.
- a filtration step can be carried out, if necessary.
- a filter used for the filtration a Teflon (registered trademark) membrane or the like is suitably used. Select the optimum pore size depending on the application.
- washing is performed using a good solvent. Through these steps, impurities such as salts are removed.
- re-dispersion in the organic solvent according to the first embodiment can be performed to carry out the size fractionation step.
- the method of size fractionation include centrifugation, dialysis, filtration (ultrafiltration, pressure filtration, vacuum filtration, etc.), ultracentrifugation and the like.
- exfoliation of the layered mineral powder is performed.
- a method of promoting exfoliation it is effective to increase the salt concentration, to lengthen the mixing process, or to make the stirring conditions hard.
- the mechanism by which the layered mineral powder is exfoliated is that, by contacting the layered mineral powder with the salt in the above-mentioned specific organic solvent, a part of the salt is dissociated, and the layered mineral powder and the counter cation of the salt mutually interact. It is considered that bonding or coordination causes electrostatic repulsion to the layered mineral powder, and exfoliation of the layered mineral powder occurs. It is believed that the bonding or coordination of the layered mineral powder and the counter cation of the salt is mainly formed at the edge of the layered mineral powder. Therefore, the layered mineral powder obtained by these steps is considered to have the counter cation of the salt bound or coordinated mainly at the edge portion.
- the peeling method of the layered mineral powder according to the first embodiment since the salt and the layered mineral powder of the raw material are added to a specific organic solvent, and the mixing process is performed, productivity is increased. It can be greatly enhanced.
- the layered mineral powder after exfoliation is made thinner as compared to the layered mineral powder of the raw material, and at the edge portion of the layered mineral powder, cationic pairs of salts are bound or coordinated. It is thought that The obtained dispersion can be used as it is or after purification.
- resin etc. can be added to a dispersion liquid, and it can utilize as a paste material, for example.
- it can also utilize as compositions, such as an ink.
- unnecessary substances such as salts can be removed from the dispersion, and the organic solvent can be distilled off and used as a powder. Examples of the drying process when distilling off the organic solvent include, for example, heat drying, vacuum drying, or a combination thereof.
- the layered nanoplate complex can be used as a dispersion as it is, for example, as a paste or a powder or formed into a sheet, but the cationic component can also be removed from the layered nanoplate complex.
- a layered nanoplate complex to which ammonium ions are bonded is preferable, from the viewpoint of easily removing the ammonium component by heating.
- the content ratio of the resin and the layered nanoplate complex can be appropriately designed according to the needs.
- the content of the layered nanoplate complex to the resin is, for example, 0.1 to 95% by mass. You may apply to a base material and form a coating film.
- thermoplastic resin examples include (meth) acrylic polymers, polyolefin resins, polyamide resins, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalates, phenoxy resins, photosensitive resins and the like.
- thermoplastic resin composition may contain other elastomer components to improve impact resistance.
- a conductive polymer can be used as a resin, and a conductive property can be exhibited by the synergistic effect of graphene and / or graphite and the conductive polymer.
- the content ratio of the resin to the layered nanoplate complex can be appropriately designed according to the needs.
- the content of the layered nanoplate complex to the resin is, for example, 0.1 to 95% by mass.
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1 the process of performing the oxidation / reduction reaction was included, and it could not be said that the productivity was high. Further, according to the methods of Patent Documents 2 to 4, it is necessary to prepare a specific ionic liquid, an active methylene compound derivative, a polyaromatic hydrocarbon compound or the like, and it can not be said that the productivity is high. Furthermore, according to the method of Non-Patent Document 2, since NMP, DMF or DMSO is used, there is a problem in post-processability of the dispersion in, for example, a drying step when forming a sheet.
- an acid having an acid dissociation constant pKa (H 2 O) of more than 0 is used, using an organic solvent satisfying formula (1) and formula (2).
- the salt which consists of these peeling of layered mineral powder can be performed simply and in a short time.
- the production process is simple and productivity is enhanced. This is considered to be that the dispersibility in the organic solvent is significantly enhanced by the increase in the dispersibility due to the electrostatic repulsion of the layered nanoplate complex in which the counter anion of the salt is bound or coordinated. There is.
- the temporal stability of the resulting layered nanoplate complex can also be improved.
- the peeling method of the layered mineral powder which concerns on 1st Embodiment, manufacturing cost reduction can be aimed at. Moreover, it has the merit that surface area can be raised compared with the layered mineral powder of a raw material by peeling. In addition, it can be expected that the properties (for example, conductivity etc.) of the layered mineral powder can be enhanced concomitantly.
- layered nanoplate composite in addition to an embodiment of exfoliating layered mineral powder (which overlaps with the exfoliating method of layered mineral powder), layered mineral powder (in this case, layered nanoplate composite) Does not exfoliate, but includes aspects and combinations thereof that significantly improve dispersion.
- the method for peeling the layered mineral powder and the method for producing the layered nanoplate composite are characterized in that the compound from which the former is obtained is not limited to nano order (0.3 nm or more and less than 1000 nm); Although it differs in the point containing the aspect to disperse
- the manufacturing method of the layered nanoplate complex concerning a 1st embodiment is the addition process which adds the salt dispersed in layered mineral powder and an organic solvent in the organic solvent which fulfills numerical formula (1) and numerical formula (2) mentioned above And a mixing step of stirring the obtained mixture.
- the salt is, as described above, a salt in which the acid dissociation constant pKa (H 2 O) of the acid of the counter anion of the salt is greater than 0.
- the addition step and the mixing step may be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
- the layered mineral powder obtained after mixing and mixing the original layered mineral powder with the salt in an organic solvent and the counter cation of the salt are bound or coordinated.
- a complex that has The thickness of the layered nanoplate complex is in the nanometer order of 0.3 nm or more and less than 1000 nm, and includes a monolayer or a laminate. Depending on the application, the thickness of the layered nanoplate is more preferably less than 100 nm.
- the layered nanoplate complex may be thinner than the layered mineral powder used as a raw material or may have the same size.
- the layered mineral powder used in the method for producing a layered nanoplate composite is a powdery layered mineral layered in the same manner as described above.
- the size of the “layered mineral powder” used as a raw material is not particularly limited as long as a layered nanoplate composite can be obtained.
- granular powder of milli order, micro or nano-sized particles, etc. may be mentioned.
- the type of layered mineral powder can be exemplified by graphene quantum dots in addition to the above-mentioned powder.
- a dispersion liquid obtained by using graphene as a layered mineral powder obtaining a graphene nanoplate complex having a small number of single layers or stacked layers, or using single layer graphene or graphene quantum dots as a layered mineral powder You may get The layered mineral powder to be used may be one kind or plural kinds.
- Organic solvent As the organic solvent according to the first embodiment, one having a relative dielectric constant satisfying the above-mentioned equation (1) and equation (2) is used.
- the preferable range, the type of the organic solvent, and the like are as described above.
- the salt according to the first embodiment plays a role of dispersing layered mineral powder in an organic solvent. It can also play the role of exfoliating layered mineral powder.
- the salt according to the first embodiment uses a salt in which the acid dissociation constant pKa (H 2 O) of the acid of the counter anion constituting this salt is greater than 0.
- Preferred examples of the acid and counter cation of a suitable salt counter anion, preferred concentrations and the like are as described above.
- the environmental conditions at the time of performing the addition step of adding the salt and the layered mineral powder to the organic solvent are not particularly limited, and the same examples as the peeling method of the layered mineral powder described above can be mentioned. Further, after the mixing step, the filtration, washing, size fractionation step and the like which are performed as necessary are also as described above.
- a layered nanoplate complex is produced.
- a method of further enhancing the dispersibility there is a method of adjusting the salt concentration and the mixing treatment conditions.
- the layered mineral powder of the salt and the raw material is added to a specific organic solvent, and the mixing step is performed, which is a simple process. Sex can be greatly enhanced.
- the dispersibility of the layered mineral powder can be significantly enhanced, and a dispersion having excellent temporal stability can be provided.
- the dispersibility of the layered nanoplate complex in a solvent or in a slurry can be improved by binding or coordination of the counter cation to the layered nanoplate complex.
- the inorganic particle complex according to the second embodiment is a particle obtained by adding a water-soluble salt to an inorganic powder, mixing in a dry or paste state, and then washing with water, and the inorganic powder and a small amount of water-soluble salt Complex containing the components of The excess water-soluble salt used in the production process is removed by washing with water.
- the inorganic powder used in the second embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not deviate from the purpose of the present embodiment, but lamellar mineral powder, sp 2 type carbon material, metal powder, ceramics and oxide powder thereof are exemplified. it can.
- Preferred examples of the inorganic powder include boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, amorphous graphite, plate-like graphite, graphene nanoplates, graphene, tungsten disulfide, graphene oxide, oxide Titanium, manganese oxide, vanadium oxide, layered belly hydroxide (LDH), transition metal dichalcogenite, black phosphorus, carbon nanotube, fullerene, carbon black, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, titanium oxide, graphene oxide Examples include vanadium oxide, silica, alumina, silver nanoparticles, silver nanowires, layered belly hydroxide (LDH), and transition metal dichalcogenides.
- Graphene includes multilayer graphene, single layer graphene, and graphene quantum dots.
- the inorganic powder a commercially available product may be used as it is or may be crushed and used. Moreover, you may manufacture from a mineral etc. by a well-known method.
- the inorganic powder may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the size of the "inorganic powder" used as the raw material is not particularly limited. For example, it is a granular powder of milli order, a micro- or nano-sized particle, etc.
- the water-soluble salt according to the second embodiment is a salt showing solubility in water, and a salt having an acid dissociation constant pKa (H 2 O) of the acid of the constituent counter anion of more than 0 is used.
- the water-soluble salt functions as a grinding aid for the inorganic powder and, as described later, plays a role as a minor component for forming a Stern Layer of the inorganic particle complex.
- water-soluble salt counter anion acids examples include phosphoric acid (1.83), acetic acid (4.76), carbonic acid (6.11), glutamic acid and tartaric acid.
- the counter cation forming a water-soluble salt with the anion is preferably a cation having a high ionization tendency.
- potassium ion, sodium ion, lithium ion, ammonium ion, barium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, rubidium ion can be exemplified.
- water-soluble salts include sodium glutamate, sodium acetate, sodium tartrate, trisodium phosphate and sodium carbonate.
- salts in which sodium of these water-soluble salts is changed to potassium, lithium, barium, calcium, magnesium, rubidium, ammonium and the like can be exemplified.
- the inorganic particle complex after drying may be any of primary particles, secondary particles, aggregates, and a mixture of any combination thereof.
- the size of the average particle size of the inorganic particle complex does not matter.
- the average particle size when the inorganic particle complex is dispersed in a polar solvent may be appropriately designed depending on the application, but from the viewpoint of further enhancing the dispersibility, it is preferably 1000 nm or less.
- the dispersibility can be significantly enhanced in the polar solvent.
- the reason can be considered as follows.
- radicals are generated on the surface of the inorganic powder, and the radicals react with the counter anion of the water-soluble salt which is a weak acid salt.
- the component of the water-soluble salt is bonded to a part of the surface of the inorganic powder. Locations where radicals are likely to be generated vary depending on the type of inorganic powder, but in the case of layered powders, surface edges are most likely to be generated.
- the water-soluble salt is ionized to separate the anion and the cation as shown in FIG.
- the anion side is bonded to the inorganic particles, and the inorganic particle complex is negatively charged.
- the cations of the water soluble salt are attracted around the negatively charged particles. This forms a Stern layer which is an electrical double layer of a cation and an anion.
- the neutralization of the charge on the particle surface by this cation is incomplete due to thermal motion, and it is thought that the electric field of the shielding leakage produced thereby produces a repulsive force between particles.
- the repulsive force between the inorganic particle complexes becomes larger, and the dispersibility is stabilized.
- the dispersibility is improved by exceeding 30 eV.
- the inorganic particle complex includes a component derived from a counter cation of a water-soluble salt
- the content ratio of the component derived from the counter cation of the water-soluble salt is preferably in the range of 1 to 100,000 ppm from the viewpoint of further improving the dispersibility. More preferably, it is 35 to 10,000 ppm, further preferably 100 to 5,000 ppm.
- the powder of the obtained inorganic particle complex can measure the cation concentration derived from salt, such as potassium, sodium, lithium, with an electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA). Moreover, when it can not detect by EPMA, it can detect with an ICP mass spectrometer with an accuracy of 1 ppm. Also, the presence of ammonium can be detected by the Nesler reagent.
- the polar solvent means water or a solvent whose relative dielectric constant satisfies the following formula (3).
- the more preferable range of Formula (3) is 10 or more, and the more preferable range is 20 or more. If the relative dielectric constant is high, the effect of electrostatic repulsion can be further expected, so the upper limit value of the above equation (3) is not limited.
- a solvent can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. In the case of mixed solvents, combinations of compatible solvents are used.
- the inorganic particle complex according to the second embodiment is not essential to be dispersed in a polar solvent, and is used as a powder as it is, or dispersed in a solvent other than a polar solvent (nonpolar solvent etc.) It goes without saying that it can be used as it is.
- Suitable polar solvents include water, acetone, ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and combinations of these solvents.
- the water soluble salts used are as described above.
- the pasty refers to a highly viscous, generally fluidizable state that is not classified as a liquid.
- the viscosity range is about 0.01 to 500 Pa ⁇ s at a shear rate of 1 s ⁇ 1 at 20 ° C.
- a part of the components of the water-soluble salt is combined with the inorganic powder, and is incorporated into the inorganic powder, thereby promoting exfoliation and pulverization of the inorganic powder.
- pulverization is not limited to crushing or crushing to downsize the inorganic powder used as a raw material, and includes the purpose of simply deagglomerating aggregation of the inorganic powder used as a raw material.
- dry used herein does not fall within the definition of paste as described above, it also includes an aspect in which a solvent is added as a lubricant.
- the concentration of the water-soluble salt is not particularly limited. Since the frequency of contact between the inorganic powder and the water-soluble salt is increased when mixing in a dry or paste-like state due to the increase in the addition amount of the water-soluble salt, the modification of the inorganic powder by the water-soluble salt proceeds efficiently . Therefore, the addition amount of the water-soluble salt may be appropriately set in accordance with the required dispersibility and application. For example, for example, 0.01 to 100 parts by mass is preferable per 1 part by mass of the inorganic powder. The amount is more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and from the viewpoint of increasing the yield of graphite, the addition amount of the salt to the graphite is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 5 parts by mass. More preferably, it is 0.1 to 1 part by mass.
- the environmental conditions at the time of mixing and grinding the water-soluble salt and the inorganic powder are not particularly limited, but it can be conveniently carried out at normal temperature in air.
- the mixing process may be performed in a nitrogen atmosphere or in an inert gas environment such as argon.
- the temperature may be high or low as needed.
- you may carry out under a pressurization environment or pressure reduction environment.
- the grinding device can use a known device without limitation. Examples include dry grinding devices such as bead mills, jet mills, hammer mills, high speed stirrers and the like.
- the processing conditions and the like may be appropriately adjusted in accordance with the type of the inorganic powder, the degree of the required particle diameter, and the like.
- the inorganic powder or the water-soluble salt can be crushed using the high hardness of the inorganic powder or the water-soluble salt.
- By optimizing the conditions of the mixing process it is possible to obtain an inorganic particle composite having a very fine primary particle size and a narrow particle size distribution when dispersed in a polar solvent. Become.
- appropriate conditions may be set according to the raw material to be used and the particle size of the desired inorganic particle complex.
- step (B) excess water-soluble salt is removed by washing with water in step (B).
- the amount of water added during the washing with water is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient to obtain a suspension. You may heat as needed. For example, 10 to 10,000 times mass water is added and mixed and stirred. Excess water soluble salts can be easily removed with the water.
- the conditions for washing with water may be appropriately set according to the type of inorganic powder and water-soluble salt to be used. By washing with water, an inorganic particle complex containing the component of the water-soluble salt is obtained.
- a step of removing coarse particles or a size fractionation step may be added before step (B) or simultaneously with step (B). The dispersibility in a polar solvent can be significantly enhanced by the inorganic particle complex containing the component of the water-soluble salt.
- the obtained inorganic particle complex may be taken out as a powder by performing a drying step, and may be dispersed in a liquid or used as a paste.
- the drying step can be performed by any method.
- the inorganic particle complex can be dried by a spray dry method.
- an inorganic particle complex containing 1 to 100,000 ppm of an element or ammonium derived from a counter cation which forms a water-soluble salt is obtained.
- Radicals are generated on the surface of the inorganic powder by physical contact and friction in the mixing step, and they are mutually bonded to the counter anion of the water-soluble salt. It is considered that the pulverization of the inorganic powder is promoted by preventing reaggregation by radicals generated in the inorganic powder.
- the bond between the inorganic powder and the counter anion of the water-soluble salt is considered to be formed mainly on the surface of the inorganic powder, such as at the edge.
- the component derived from the anion of the water-soluble salt in the inorganic particle complex is considered to be taken into the inorganic powder by chemical bonding on the surface of the edge portion of the inorganic powder and the like. More specifically, in the step of mixing the inorganic powder and the water-soluble salt, the counter anion of the water-soluble salt is bound to the inorganic powder by a weak acid releasing reaction consisting of a radical and a weak acid generated on the fracture surface of the inorganic powder. It is considered to be a thing.
- the bond may be any of covalent bond, ionic bond or coordinate bond.
- productivity is remarkably improved because the process is carried out by a simple process of adding and mixing the water-soluble salt and the inorganic powder of the raw material.
- a commercially available water-soluble salt can be used, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the dispersion stability of the resulting inorganic particle complex can be excellent, and the temporal stability can also be improved.
- the inorganic particle complex dispersion liquid according to the second embodiment refers to a dispersion liquid obtained by dispersing the above-described inorganic particle complex in a solvent.
- the inorganic particle complex dispersion liquid can further contain other components in addition to the dispersion liquid in which only the inorganic particle complex is dispersed in a solvent. It is preferable to use a polar solvent from the viewpoint of remarkably improving the dispersibility.
- a polar solvent from the viewpoint of remarkably improving the dispersibility.
- the dried inorganic particle complex obtained through the step (A) and the step (B) may form an aggregate, but even in such a case, it should be dispersed in a polar solvent. It can be crushed in a polar solvent to enhance the dispersibility.
- the inorganic particle complex according to the second embodiment is particularly suitable when applied to an average particle diameter of 1000 nm or less of the inorganic particle complex in a polar solvent.
- the inorganic particle complex according to the second embodiment does not exclude those in which the average particle size of the inorganic particle complex in a polar solvent exceeds 1000 nm.
- the adjustment of the average particle size of the inorganic particle complex in the polar solvent can be easily adjusted by adjusting the mixing treatment conditions of the mixing step (A), removing coarse particles, size fractionation step and the like.
- a dispersion solvent may be added, mixed and stirred to obtain a dispersion.
- other additives such as a binder resin, a pigment, a pigment, and a surfactant may be added.
- the compound to be added can be appropriately selected according to the purpose and needs.
- Resins, dispersants, antifoams, plasticizers, antioxidants, colorants, binders and the like may be added.
- the resin may, for example, be a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin containing a curable compound.
- photosensitive resins and conductive resins are also suitably used.
- the thermoplastic resin include (meth) acrylic polymers, polyolefin resins, polyamide resins, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalates, phenoxy resins, photosensitive resins and the like.
- the thermoplastic resin composition may contain other elastomer components to improve impact resistance.
- a conductive polymer can be used as a resin, and a conductive property can be exhibited by the synergistic effect of graphene and / or graphite and the conductive polymer.
- the content ratio of the resin and the inorganic particle composite can be appropriately designed according to the needs.
- the content of the inorganic particle complex with respect to the resin is, for example, 0.1 to 95% by mass.
- the organic solvent was used as it was without performing the drying step.
- the salt used the commercial item as it was.
- Example 1-1 At room temperature, 1 g of molybdenum disulfide (manufactured by Nichimori Co., Ltd.) was added to 100 mL of acetone in air and stirred. To this mixture, 0.1 g of potassium phosphate powder was added, and irradiated with high-power ultrasound (600 W, manufactured by SMT) for 10 minutes. Before adding potassium phosphate, molybdenum disulfide was a clear dispersion in acetone (sample bottle on the left in Figure 1), but after adding salt and sonicating for 10 minutes dispersion The sex was dramatically improved, and a dark colored dispersion was obtained (the sample bottle on the right in FIG. 1).
- Example 1-2 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that boron nitride (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) was used instead of molybdenum disulfide. Prior to the addition of potassium phosphate, the boron nitride had a clear white color in acetone (the sample bottle on the left in FIG. 2), but after adding the salt and sonicating for 10 minutes it was dispersible Dramatically improved, and a cloudy white dispersion was obtained (the sample bottle on the right in FIG. 2). The TEM image was observed by the same method as in Example 1-1. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, a semitransparent nanosheet having a sufficiently thin layer thickness was formed as compared with before the addition of the salt. It was confirmed.
- boron nitride manufactured by Showa Denko KK
- Example 1-3 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that graphite (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used in place of molybdenum disulfide. Before adding potassium phosphate, the graphite was a gray clear graphene dispersion in acetone (the sample bottle on the left in the figure). On the other hand, after ultrasonication with the addition of potassium phosphate, the dispersibility was dramatically improved, and a black opaque dispersion was obtained (the sample bottle on the right in the figure). When a TEM image was observed by the same method as in Example 1-1, as shown in FIG. 3, it was observed that transparent nanosheets of graphene were formed.
- graphite manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Examples 1-4 to 1-24 In accordance with the conditions shown in Table 1, dispersions according to Examples 1-4 to 1-24 were obtained. The conditions were the same as in Example 1-1 except for the conditions shown in Table 1. For Examples 1-14 to 1-19 and 1-21 to 1-23, after mixing, centrifugation (1500 rpm ⁇ 30 minutes) was performed as a size fractionation step, and a supernatant was collected.
- test tubes each containing 100 mL of each solvent of acetone, isopropanol, ethanol, THF, and toluene were prepared, and 0.5 g of natural graphite was added to each test tube. And salt (ammonium carbonate) was added so that it might become 1 g / L only to one side (one set of test tubes) of each solvent.
- salt ammonium carbonate
- test tubes were sonicated for 5 minutes. Thereafter, centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 30 minutes was performed, the absorbance at 660 nm was measured, and the measured value was divided by the absorbance coefficient (3300) to determine the graphene concentration g / L. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 2-2 An inorganic particle composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that molybdenum disulfide (T powder) was used instead of carbon nanotubes.
- the size of the nanosheet was about 50 to 500 nm, and the thickness was 15 nm or less.
- dispersions according to Examples 2-1 to 2-3 were significantly improved in dispersibility as compared with the dispersions of Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3.
- the size of the nanosheet of Example 2-3 was about 50 to 500 nm, and the thickness was 10 nm or less.
- Example 2-4 An inorganic substance was used in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that 5 g of natural graphite (average particle diameter 500 ⁇ m, manufactured by Aldrich) was used in place of carbon nanotubes in air at normal temperature and no water-soluble salt was used. A particle complex was obtained. Further, the same treatment was carried out to obtain a dispersion of nanoparticles.
- natural graphite average particle diameter 500 ⁇ m, manufactured by Aldrich
- Example 2-1 was used except that 5 g of natural graphite (average particle diameter 500 ⁇ m, manufactured by Aldrich) was used in place of carbon nanotubes in air at normal temperature and the salts shown in Table 5 were used as water-soluble salts.
- An inorganic particle complex was obtained by the same method. Further, the same treatment was performed to obtain a dispersion liquid of the inorganic particle complex.
- the absorbance of the dispersion of the inorganic particle complex obtained using the water-soluble salt according to Examples 2-4 to 2-9 is 400-900 times that of the dispersions of Comparative Examples 2-4 to 2-7. A rising result was obtained. It can be seen that the dispersibility is significantly improved by using the salt of the weak acid according to this example, compared to a salt in which the counter anion of the water-soluble salt is a strong acid.
- Example 2-10 Evaluation of inorganic particle complex
- 2 g of graphite fine powder (Z5F, manufactured by Ito Graphite Co., Ltd., average particle diameter 3.6 ⁇ m) and 2 g of potassium carbonate were mixed in air at room temperature, and a mixing treatment was performed for 30 minutes by a ball mill.
- the fine graphite powder is obtained by pulverizing natural graphite by a jet mill and pulverizing it.
- water washing was performed twice using ion exchange water, and an inorganic particle complex was obtained by filtration.
- the average particle diameter of the inorganic particle composite was 4 ⁇ m, and secondary aggregation proceeded to increase the apparent particle diameter.
- the potassium concentration of the obtained inorganic particle complex was measured with an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). As a result, 920 ppm of potassium was detected.
- EPMA electron probe microanalyzer
- Example 2-11 An inorganic particle composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-10 except that natural graphite (average particle diameter 500 ⁇ m, manufactured by Aldrich) was used instead.
- the potassium concentration of the obtained inorganic particle complex was measured by EPMA. As a result, 0.018 to 0.034% (180 to 340 ppm) of potassium was detected.
- Example 2-12 The same treatment as in Example 2-11 was performed for molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanotubes, and the potassium content was measured. 2000 ppm for molybdenum disulfide and 1270 ppm for carbon nanotubes were detected.
- the potassium component and the inorganic particles form a complex.
- Dispersibility evaluation 2-2 The dispersibility of the nanoparticles is governed by the surface tension of the solvent. Then, an example of the result of having evaluated the dispersibility in various surface tensions by changing the ratio of the water (73 mN / m) with high surface tension and propanol (21 mN / m) is demonstrated.
- FIG. 10 shows the result of evaluating the dispersibility of the inorganic particle composite of Example 2-10 using water / propanol in which the mixing ratio is changed. Also, for reference, the results of evaluating the dispersibility similarly for particles obtained by the same process as in Example 2-10 except that the water-soluble salt is not added, are also shown.
- Example 2-13 An inorganic particle composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-10 except that graphite (Z5F) was changed to molybdenum disulfide (T powder). The result of having evaluated the dispersibility of the obtained inorganic particle complex by changing the mixing ratio of water / propanol is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of evaluating the dispersibility of the inorganic particle complex obtained by the same method as that of Example 2-1 by changing the mixing ratio of water / propanol.
- the dispersion of the inorganic particle complex according to the present example is remarkably excellent in dispersibility regardless of the difference in surface tension of the solvent.
- Example 2-14 in which a water-soluble salt was added and paste processing was performed to mix and process the inorganic powder was improved by 200 times the concentration of the obtained dispersion as compared with Comparative Example 2-10.
- the paste of Example 2-14 maintained its viscosity even after one week, did not show separation of inorganic composite particles (graphite), and was confirmed to be excellent in dispersibility (stability) in the paste state .
- Example 2-15 5 g of graphite (Z5F) and 5 g of potassium carbonate were mixed by a ball mill for 30 minutes, washed with water, and then dried to obtain an inorganic particle composite. 0.5 g of this inorganic particle complex was added to 100 mL of water, ultrasonication was performed for 5 minutes, and centrifugation was performed. The absorbance of the obtained dispersion was 26. The dry mixing with the water-soluble salt enables peeling and dispersing in water, which was difficult in the prior art (see Comparative Example 2-11).
- Example 2-16 An inorganic particle composite was obtained by mixing 5 g of graphite (Z5F) with 5 g of potassium carbonate using a ball mill for 30 minutes, washing with water, and drying. 0.5 g of this inorganic particle complex was added to 100 mL of IPA, and ultrasonication was performed for 5 minutes. The absorbance after centrifugation was 27.
- Example 2-1-7 The inorganic particle complex obtained by the method of Example 2-16 was added to IPA to prepare a plurality of samples having different graphene concentrations (graphite concentrations). Then, the graphene yield was determined for each sample. The graphene yield is obtained by dividing the obtained graphene concentration by the input graphite concentration. The graphene concentration was calculated by absorbance measurement. For reference, 0.1 g of ammonium carbonate and graphite (Z5F) were added to 100 mL of IPA, and the graphene yield of the graphene dispersion obtained by subjecting ultrasonication to centrifugation for 5 minutes was also plotted. As shown in FIG. 13, it was confirmed that the dry mixing has a higher graphene yield than the wet mixing.
- Example 2-18 2 g of potassium carbonate was added to 2 g of graphite (Z5F), and 5, 10 and 20 mL of ethanol (graphite concentration of 400, 200, 100 g / L) were added to form a paste, and ball milling was applied for 15 minutes.
- graphene concentration of 400, 200, 100 g / L the paste was diluted with water to remove salts, filtered and dried.
- 0.5 g of the obtained powder was added to 100 mL of IPA, ultrasonic waves were applied for 1 minute, and the same centrifugation was applied.
- the graphene concentration and the graphene conversion rate were determined by measuring the absorbance of the obtained dispersion. The results are shown in FIG.
- graphene conversion efficiency of wet dispersion is shown for reference.
- graphite (Z5F) was added to 100 mL of propanol in the range of 0.1 g to 10 g, and 0.1 g of ammonium carbonate was added as a dispersant.
- the aggregates were removed by centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 30 minutes, and converted to graphene concentration by measuring the absorbance.
- the graphene conversion rate was determined by dividing the obtained graphene concentration by the initial graphite concentration.
- the wet conversion gave a graphene conversion of 2-5%.
- a high graphene conversion rate of 3-7% was obtained.
- the amount of ethanol added was increased during dry mixing, a slight decrease in the graphene conversion rate was confirmed, but it was confirmed that the graphene was dispersed at a concentration higher than 100 g / L as compared with the wet method.
- Example 2-20 5 g of graphite (Z5F) was mixed with 5 g of potassium carbonate. Thereafter, the resultant was washed with water and dried to obtain an inorganic particle composite. 0.5 g of the obtained inorganic particle complex was added to 100 mL of IPA, and ultrasonication was performed for 5 minutes, followed by centrifugation to obtain a dispersion liquid of the inorganic particle complex. The dispersion stability was evaluated by measuring the absorbance of the dispersion periodically.
- Example 2-21 5 g of molybdenum disulfide (T powder) was mixed with 5 g of potassium carbonate.
- FIG. 15 is a plot of the time-lapse changes of dispersion stability of Example 2-20 and Comparative Example 2-10
- FIG. 16 is a plot of Example 2-21 and Comparative Example 2-11.
- the vertical axis in the figure is the concentration normalized with the initial concentration. The initial concentration was 0.01 g / L for Comparative Example 2-10 and 0.19 g / L for Example 2-20.
- Comparative Example 2-11 is 0.0055 g / L
- Example 2-21 is 0.27 g / L.
- the zeta potential was obtained by diluting the dispersion 20 times or more with ion-exchanged water, and measuring the diluted solution with a nanoparticle analyzer (SZ-100, HORIBA).
- SZ-100, HORIBA nanoparticle analyzer
- the dispersion was about ⁇ 20 to ⁇ 31 mV and the dispersion was unstable.
- the inorganic particle complex according to the example had a value of -40 to -47 mV, the negative zeta potential was strong, and the dispersion stability was very high. This is presumed to be the result of ionization of the component of the water-soluble salt contained in the inorganic particle complex and fluctuation of cations around the particles, as described in FIG.
- Example 2-22 30 mL of ethanol was added to 3 g of graphite and 3 g of potassium carbonate, and the concentration of graphite was adjusted to 100 g / L, and a mixing treatment was performed for 15 minutes in a ball mill.
- the dispersibility can be remarkably enhanced by adding a salt in an organic solvent. Since this reaction can be carried out at normal temperature and pressure, and the dispersibility can be enhanced in a short time, the productivity is excellent.
- Appendix 4 The method for producing a layered nanoplate composite according to Appendix 2 or Appendix 3, further comprising the step of distilling off the organic solvent after the filtration step. According to the above manufacturing method, a layered nanoplate complex can be easily obtained.
- Appendix 5 The method for producing a layered nanoplate composite according to any of appendices 2 to 4, wherein the layered mineral powder is thinned by the mixing step.
- the layered nanoplate composite of the present invention can be used for applications such as ink, a functional coat film, a carrier of an electrode catalyst, a conductive composite, an electronic member such as an electrode, and various sensors.
- applications such as building materials, paints, and medical devices can be expected.
- the inorganic particle composite of the present invention include an ink, a functional coating film, a carrier of an electrode catalyst, a conductive composite, an electronic member such as an electrode, various sensors, and the like.
- Resin etc. can be added to a dispersion liquid, and it can also be used as a paste material.
- nanographene can be sheeted and used as a transparent conductive film.
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Abstract
Description
[1]: 無機粉体に、水溶性塩を加えて乾式またはペースト状で混合する工程(A)と、
前記工程(A)の後に水洗して、前記水溶性塩由来の成分を含む無機粒子複合体を得る工程(B)とを含み、
前記水溶性塩は、当該水溶性塩の対アニオンの酸の酸解離定数pKa(H2O)が0より大きい水溶性塩である無機粒子複合体の製造方法。
[2]: 前記無機粒子複合体は、前記水溶性塩の対カチオン由来の成分を1~100,000ppm含む[1]に記載の無機粒子複合体の製造方法。
[3]: 前記無機粉体は、層状鉱物粉体、sp2型炭素材料、金属粉体、セラミックスおよびこれらの酸化物粉体の少なくともいずれかである[1]又は[2]に記載の無機粒子複合体の製造方法。
[4]: 前記水溶性塩の対カチオンは、カリウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、リチウムイオン、バリウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、ルビジウムイオンおよびアンモニウムイオンのいずれかである[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体の製造方法。
[5]: 前記無機粒子複合体を極性溶媒に分散したときの当該無機粒子複合体の平均粒子径が、1000nm以下である[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体の製造方法。
[6]: 無機粉体に、水溶性塩を加えて乾式またはペースト状で混合した後に水洗することにより得られ、
前記水溶性塩は、当該水溶性塩の対アニオンの酸の酸解離定数pKa(H2O)が0より大きい水溶性塩であり、
前記水溶性塩由来の成分を含む無機粒子複合体。
[7]: 前記水溶性塩の対カチオン由来の成分を1~100,000ppm含む[6]に記載の無機粒子複合体。
[8]: 前記無機粉体は、層状鉱物粉体、sp2型炭素材料、金属粉体、セラミックスおよびこれらの酸化物粉体の少なくともいずれかである、[6]又は[7]に記載の無機粒子複合体。
[9]: 前記水溶性塩の対カチオンは、カリウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、リチウムイオン、バリウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、ルビジウムイオンおよびアンモニウムイオンのいずれかである[6]~[8]のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体。
[10]: 極性溶媒に分散したときの平均粒子径が1000nm以下である[6]~[9]のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体。
[11]: [6]~[10]のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体を溶媒に分散した無機粒子複合体分散液。
[層状鉱物粉体の剥離方法]
第1実施形態に係る層状鉱物粉体の剥離方法は、層状鉱物粉体を剥離して元の層状鉱物粉体よりも薄層化する方法に関する。第1実施形態に係る層状鉱物粉体の剥離方法は、少なくとも有機溶媒中で層状鉱物粉体と有機溶媒に分散する塩とを加える添加工程と、塩と層状鉱物粉体を有機溶媒中で混合する混合工程とを含む。ここで「有機溶媒に分散する塩」とは、実質的に溶解は含まず、懸濁する意である。但し、懸濁が支配的であればよく、一部の塩が有機溶媒に溶解していてもよい。なお、分散には、塩および層状鉱物粉体がそれぞれ有機溶媒中に分散できればよく、撹拌等の物理的手段を用いて分散できるものも含む。添加工程と混合工程は同時または順に行うことができる。また、添加工程における塩と層状鉱物粉体の添加順は問わない。
第1実施形態に係る層状鉱物粉体は、層状に積層された粉体状の層状鉱物をいう。原料として用いる「層状鉱物粉体」のサイズは、有機溶媒中で分散できるサイズであれば特に限定されず任意のサイズでよい。例えば、ミリオーダーの顆粒状の粉体、マイクロサイズまたはナノサイズの微粒子が例示できる。
第1実施形態に係る有機溶媒は、比誘電率が以下の数式(1)を満たすものを用いる。
[数式(1)]
4≦有機溶媒1の体積比率×有機溶媒1の比誘電率+・・+有機溶媒n-1の体積比率×有機溶媒n-1の比誘電率≦60
但し、nは1以上の整数であり、n=1は単独溶媒、n≧2は混合溶媒を示す。
有機溶媒の種類は、1種単独の有機溶媒を用いても2種以上の混合溶媒で用いてもよい。1種単独の有機溶媒を用いる場合には、比誘電率が4以上、60以下になる有機溶媒を用いる。複数の有機溶媒を混合する場合には、上記数式(1)に示す通り、全有機溶媒に対する各有機溶媒の体積比率と各有機溶媒の比誘電率の積の和が4以上、60以下になるものを用いる。分散性向上の観点から、数式(1)のより好ましい範囲は10以上、50以下であり、更に好ましい範囲は20以上、40以下である。
[数式(2)]
有機溶媒1の体積比率×有機溶媒1の沸点+・・+有機溶媒n-1の体積比率×有機溶媒n-1の沸点<100℃
但し、nは1以上の整数であり、n=1は単独溶媒、n≧2は混合溶媒を示す。
1種単独で有機溶媒を用いる場合には、沸点が100℃未満の有機溶媒を用いる。混合有機溶媒を用いる場合には、上記数式(2)に示す通り、全有機溶媒に対する各有機溶媒の体積比率と各有機溶媒の沸点の積の和が100℃未満になるものを用いる。分散液の利用の観点から、数式(2)のより好ましい範囲は90℃以下であり、さらに好ましい範囲は80℃以下である。沸点の下限値は特にないが、常温で簡便に製造でき、取り扱い容易性の観点からは、常温(23℃)で液体を示すものが好ましく、沸点が60℃以上であることがより好ましい。
第1実施形態に係る塩は、有機溶媒中で層状鉱物粉体を剥離させる剥離剤として機能する。第1実施形態に係る塩は、この塩を構成する対アニオンの酸の酸解離定数pKa(H2O)が0より大きい塩を用いる。好適な塩の対アニオンの酸として、リン酸(1.83),酢酸(4.76),炭酸(6.11)が挙げられる。
次に、第1実施形態に係る層状ナノプレート複合体の製造方法について説明する。層状ナノプレート複合体の製造方法には、層状鉱物粉体を剥離する態様(上記層状鉱物粉体の剥離方法と重複する)の他、層状鉱物粉体(この場合には層状ナノプレート複合体)は剥離しないが、分散を格段に向上させる態様およびこれらの組合せが含まれる。また、上記層状鉱物粉体の剥離方法と層状ナノプレート複合体の製造方法とは、前者が得られる化合物がナノオーダー(0.3nm以上、1000nm未満)に限定されない点、後者が剥離せずに分散する態様も含む点において相違しており、目的が異なる場合も想定されるが、両者のいずれにも該当している場合も含まれている。従って、基本的には、上記実施形態と同様の工程を有する。
第1実施形態に係る層状ナノプレート複合体は、元の層状鉱物粉体を有機溶媒中で塩と共に添加して、混合した後に得られる層状鉱物粉体と塩の対カチオンとが結合又は配位した複合体をいう。層状ナノプレート複合体の厚みは0.3nm以上、1000nm未満のナノメータオーダーにあるものをいい、単層体または積層体が含まれる。用途によるが、層状ナノプレートの厚みは100nm未満であることがより好ましい。第1実施形態に係る層状ナノプレート複合体の製造方法によれば、分散性が顕著に優れる分散液を提供できる。また、常温・常圧で短時間に調製できるので生産性が高いという優れた効果を有している。なお、層状ナノプレート複合体は、原料として用いる層状鉱物粉体より薄膜化されていても、同サイズであってもよい。
層状ナノプレート複合体の製造方法に用いる層状鉱物粉体は、前述と同様に層状に積層された粉体状の層状鉱物である。原料として用いる「層状鉱物粉体」のサイズは、層状ナノプレート複合体が得られればよく特に限定されない。例えば、ミリオーダーの顆粒状の粉体、マイクロまたはナノサイズの微粒子等が挙げられる。層状鉱物粉体の種類は、上述した粉体に加えて、グラフェン量子ドットが例示できる。
第1実施形態に係る有機溶媒は、比誘電率が上記数式(1)および数式(2)を満たすものを用いる。好ましい範囲や有機溶媒の種類等については上述したとおりである。
第1実施形態に係る塩は、有機溶媒中で層状鉱物粉体を分散させる役割を担う。層状鉱物粉体を剥離する役割も兼ね備えることができる。第1実施形態に係る塩は、前述した通り、この塩を構成する対アニオンの酸の酸解離定数pKa(H2O)が0より大きい塩を用いる。好適な塩の対アニオンの酸や対カチオンの好ましい例、好ましい濃度等は前述した通りである。
上記第1実施形態においては、層状鉱物粉体の剥離方法、および層状ナノプレート複合体の製造方法の一例について説明したが、第2実施形態においては、無機粒子複合体およびその製造方法、並びに無機粒子複合体分散液の一例について説明する。
第2実施形態に係る無機粒子複合体は、無機粉体に水溶性塩を加えて乾式またはペースト状で混合した後、水洗することにより得られる粒子であり、無機粉体と微量の水溶性塩の成分を含む複合体をいう。製造工程で用いた余剰の水溶性塩は、水洗により除去される。
[数式(3)]
4≦溶媒1の体積比率×溶媒1の比誘電率+・・+溶媒n-1の体積比率×溶媒n-1の比誘電率
但し、nは1以上の整数であり、n=1は単独溶媒、n≧2は混合溶媒を示す。
第2実施形態に係る無機粒子複合体の製造方法は、無機粉体に、水溶性塩を加えて乾式またはペースト状で混合する工程(A)と、工程(A)の後に水洗して、前記水溶性塩の成分を含む無機粒子複合体を得る工程(B)とを含む。用いる水溶性塩は前述した通りである。ここで、ペースト状とは、液体に分類されない、粘性の高い、流動性が認められる状態全般をいう。粘度範囲としては、20℃のせん断速度1s-1において、0.01~500Pa・sの範囲程度である。
第2実施形態に係る無機粒子複合体分散液は、上述した無機粒子複合体を溶媒に分散させてなる分散液をいう。無機粒子複合体分散液は、溶媒に無機粒子複合体のみを分散させた分散液の他、他の成分を更に加えることができる。溶媒は、分散性を格段に向上させる観点からは、極性溶媒を用いることが好ましい。極性溶媒中に無機粒子複合体を分散させると、無機粒子複合体のシュトレイン層による静電反発によって分散性が顕著に高められる。
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明する。但し、本発明は以下の実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。
常温下、空気中でアセトン100mLに1gの二硫化モリブデン(ニチモリ社製)を添加して撹拌した。この混合物に、リン酸カリウムの粉末を0.1g加え、高出力超音波(600W,SMT社製)を10分間照射した。リン酸カリウムを加える前、二硫化モリブデンはアセトン中で透明な分散液であった(図1中の左側のサンプル瓶)が、塩を添加して10分間の超音波処理を行った後は分散性が劇的に向上し、濃い色の分散液が得られた(図1中の右側のサンプル瓶)。得られた懸濁液を一部採取し、TEMグリッド上に滴下した試料を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)で観察した。その結果、図1の右側の写真に示すように、薄く透明な二硫化モリブデンのナノシートが形成されていることを確認した。
二硫化モリブデンに代えて、窒化ホウ素(昭和電工社製)を用いた以外は、実施例1-1と同様の方法により分散液を得た。リン酸カリウムを加える前、窒化ホウ素はアセトン中でクリアな白色を示していた(図2中の左側のサンプル瓶)が、塩を添加して10分間の超音波処理を行った後は分散性が劇的に向上し、濁った白色の分散液が得られた(図2中の右側のサンプル瓶)。実施例1-1と同様の方法によりTEM像を観察したところ、図2に示すように、塩を添加する前に比して層厚が十分に薄い半透明状のナノシートが形成されていることを確認した。
二硫化モリブデンに代えて、黒鉛(和光純薬社製)を用いた以外は、実施例1-1と同様の方法により分散液を得た。リン酸カリウムを加える前、黒鉛はアセトン中で灰色の透明なグラフェン分散液であった(図中の左側のサンプル瓶)。一方、リン酸カリウムを添加して超音波処理を行った後は分散性が劇的に向上し、黒色不透明な分散液が得られた(図中の右側のサンプル瓶)。実施例1-1と同様の方法によりTEM像を観察したところ、図3に示すように、透明なグラフェンのナノシートが形成されていることを観察した。
表1に示す条件に従い、実施例1-4~1-24に係る分散液を得た。表1に示す条件以外は、実施例1-1と同様の条件とした。実施例1-14~1-19、1-21~1-23については、混合した後にサイズ分画工程として遠心処理(1500rpm×30分)を行い、上澄み液を採取した。
また、実施例1-19の分散液の吸光度は、ジェットミル処理後の微細粉末黒鉛を用いた以外は実施例1-18と同様の条件で実験を行ったものであるが、1回の処理で吸光度は10.3まで向上することを確認した。
さらに、アセトンとエタノールの混合有機溶媒からなる実施例1-20の分散液の吸光度は1.23であった。一方、塩を添加しない以外は実施例1-20と同一条件である比較例1-6の分散液の吸光度は0.035であり、塩添加によって分散性を格段に向上できることを確認した。
また、アセトンとトルエン混合有機溶媒からなる実施例1-22の分散液の吸光度は1.32であった。一方、塩を添加しない以外は実施例1-22と同一条件である比較例1-8の分散液の吸光度は0.14であり、塩添加によって分散性が顕著に向上することを確認した。
実施例1-24の分散液においては、経時的に沈降が認められたものの24時間後も黒色不透明な分散液が存在していることを確認した(図4中の左側の写真)。一方、塩を添加しない以外は実施例1-24と同一の条件で行った比較例1-9は、僅か30分で沈降してしまい、上澄み液は透明であることを確認した(図4中の右側の写真)。
(実施例2-1)
常温下、空気中で2gのカーボンナノチューブ(NC7000,Nanocyl社製)と2gのグルタミン酸ナトリウムを混合し、ボールミル(P-6(フリッチュ製)、ボール径20mm、回転速度は500ppm)により30分の混合処理を行った。次いで、水洗し、濾過により無機粒子複合体を得た。得られた無機粒子複合体0.1gを、100mLのアセトンに添加し、超音波処理を5分行い、遠心処理(1500rpm,30分)を行った。得られた分散液の写真を図7の右側に示す。この分散液の上澄みの吸光度はA=15.9であった。なお、本明細書において吸光度は、分散液の上澄みに対して行った結果を示している。
常温下、空気中で100mLのアセトンにカーボンナノチューブ(NC7000)を0.1g添加した。その後、実施例2-1と同様の処理を行った。この分散液の吸光度はA=0.26であった。得られた分散液の写真を図7の左側に示す。
カーボンナノチューブを二硫化モリブデン(Tパウダー、ダイゾー社製、平均粒子径3.5μm)に変更した以外は比較例2-1と同様の方法により、分散液を得た。得られた分散液の写真を図8の左側に示す。この分散液の吸光度はA=0.016であった。
二硫化モリブデン(Tパウダー)をカーボンナノチューブに代えて用いた以外は、実施例2-1と同様の方法により無機粒子複合体を得た。この複合体の平均粒子径(D50)は3.5μm程度であり、原料と変化がなかった。また、実施例2-1と同様の処理を行って、分散液を得た。得られた分散液の写真を図8の右側に示す。この分散液の吸光度はA=10.2であった。ナノシートの大きさは50~500nm程度であり、厚みは15nm以下であった。
カーボンナノチューブを窒化ホウ素(UHP-2、昭和電工社製、平均粒子径11μm)に変更した以外は比較例2-1と同様の方法により分散液を得た。得られた分散液の写真を図9の左側に示す。この分散液の吸光度はA=0.3であった。
窒化ホウ素(UHP-2)を、カーボンナノチューブに代えて用いた以外は、実施例2-1と同様の方法により無機粒子複合体を得た。平均粒子径は8μm程度である。また、同様の処理を行って、分散液を得た。得られた分散液の写真を図9の右側に示す。この分散液の上澄みの吸光度はA=10.8であった。
常温下、空気中で5gの天然黒鉛(平均粒径500μm、アルドリッチ社製)を、カーボンナノチューブに代えて用い、水溶性塩を用いなかった以外は、実施例2-1と同様の方法により無機粒子複合体を得た。また、同様の処理を行ってナノ粒子の分散液を得た。
水溶性塩を表5に示す塩を用いた以外は、比較例2-4と同様の方法により無機粒子複合体を得た。また、同様の処理を行ってナノ粒子の分散液を得た。得られたナノ粒子の大きさは100~700nmであり、厚みは5nm以下であった。
常温下、空気中で5gの天然黒鉛(平均粒径500μm、アルドリッチ社製)を、カーボンナノチューブに代えて用い、水溶性塩として表5に示す塩を用いた以外は、実施例2-1と同様の方法により無機粒子複合体を得た。また、同様の処理を行って、無機粒子複合体の分散液を得た。
(実施例2-10)
常温下、空気中で2gの黒鉛微粉末(Z5F、伊藤黒鉛社製、平均粒径3.6μm)と2gの炭酸カリウムを混合し、ボールミルにより30分の混合処理を行った。ここで、黒鉛微粉末は天然黒鉛をジェットミルにより粉砕し、微粉末化したものである。次いで、イオン交換水を用いて水洗を2度行い、濾過により無機粒子複合体を得た。無機粒子複合体の平均粒径は4μmであり、二次凝集が進み見かけの粒径が大きくなった。得られた無機粒子複合体を電子線マイクロアナライザ(EPMA)にてカリウム濃度を測定した。その結果、920ppmのカリウムが検出された。
天然黒鉛(平均粒径500μm、アルドリッチ社製)に代えた以外は実施例2-10と同様の方法により無機粒子複合体を得た。得られた無機粒子複合体をEPMAにてカリウム濃度を測定した。その結果、0.018-0.034%(180-340ppm)のカリウムが検出された。
実施例2-11と同様の処理を二硫化モリブデン、カーボンナノチューブでも行い、カリウム含有率の測定を行った。二硫化モリブデンでは2000ppm、カーボンナノチューブでは1270ppmのカリウムが検出された。
100mLのイオン交換水に2gの炭酸カリウムを溶解させ、その溶解液に2gの黒鉛(Z5F)を浸漬させ、撹拌、濾過を行い、水洗を1回行った後、乾燥させた。得られた粉末をEPMAにてカリウムの濃度を測定した。その結果、黒鉛粉末からカリウムが検出されなかった(検出限界値は30ppm)。
塩を加えずにボールミルを処理した黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、カーボンナノチューブの同様のサンプルにおいてもカリウムは検出限界以下(30ppm)であることを確認した。
ナノ粒子の分散性は溶媒の表面張力によって支配される。そこで、表面張力の高い水(73mN/m)とプロパノール(21mN/m)の割合を変更して様々な表面張力における分散性を評価した結果の一例を説明する。
図10に、実施例2-10の無機粒子複合体に対して、混合割合を変えた水/プロパノールを用いて分散性を評価した結果を示す。また、参考のために、水溶性塩を加えない以外は実施例2-10と同様のプロセスで得た粒子に対して、同様に分散性を評価した結果も合わせて示す。
黒鉛(Z5F)を二硫化モリブテン(Tパウダー)に変更した以外は実施例2-10と同様にして、無機粒子複合体を得た。得られた無機粒子複合体を水/プロパノールの混合割合を変えて分散性を評価した結果を図11に示す。
(実施例2-14)
黒鉛(Z5F)2gと炭酸カリウム2gを混ぜ、さらにエタノールを10mL加えて、黒鉛濃度200g/Lのペーストを作成した。このペーストを、10分間ボールミル処理し、水洗して粉体を取り出した。得られた粉末0.5gを100mLのプロパノールに添加し、5分間の超音波処理を行った。分散液を1500rpmで30分間遠心処理を施し、凝集体を取り除き、吸光度(660nm)の測定を行った。得られた吸光度はA=3.3であり不透明な濃い分散液が得られた。
比較材料として、炭酸カリウムを添加しない条件でペーストを作成し、得られた粉末を同様の処理を施し、吸光度測定を行った結果、A=0.016でほぼ透明な分散液となった。
水100mLに黒鉛(Z5F)0.5gを添加し、これに炭酸カリウムを0.1g添加して、超音波剥離を行った。得られた分散液の吸光度は0.1であった。
(参考例2-1)
イソプロパノール100mLに黒鉛(Z5F)0.5gを添加し、これに炭酸カリウムを0.1g添加して、超音波剥離を行った。得られた分散液の吸光度は8であり、IPAを用いることにより分散性が高まることを確認した。
黒鉛(Z5F)5gと炭酸カリウム5gとをボールミルにより30分間混合し、水洗いを行った後に乾燥することで無機粒子複合体を得た。この無機粒子複合体0.5gを水100mLに添加し、超音波処理を5分行い、遠心処理を行った。得られた分散液の吸光度は26であった。水溶性塩との乾式混合により、従来技術(比較例2-11参照)では困難であった水中での剥離分散が可能となった。
黒鉛(Z5F)5gを炭酸カリウム5gとボールミルにより30分間混合し、水洗いを行った後に乾燥することで無機粒子複合体を得た。この無機粒子複合体0.5gをIPA100mLに添加し、超音波処理を5分行った。遠心処理後の吸光度は27であった。
実施例2-16の方法により得られた無機粒子複合体をIPAに加え、グラフェン濃度(黒鉛濃度)の異なるサンプルを複数用意した。そして、各サンプルに対し、グラフェン収率を求めた。グラフェン収率は、得られたグラフェン濃度を投入黒鉛濃度で除したものである。グラフェン濃度は、吸光度測定により算出した。参考のために、IPA100mLに炭酸アンモニウム0.1gと黒鉛(Z5F)を添加し、超音波5分、遠心処理を施すことで得られたグラフェン分散液のグラフェン収率もプロットした。図13に示すように、乾式混合は湿式混合に比べてグラフェン収率が高いことを確認した。
2gの黒鉛(Z5F)に2gの炭酸カリウムを添加し、ペーストにするためにエタノールを5,10,20mL(黒鉛濃度400,200,100g/L)を加えてボールミル処理を15分間施した。ペーストのグラフェン濃度を推算するために、ペーストを水で薄めて塩を除去し、濾過、乾燥した。得られた粉末0.5gを100mLのIPAに添加し、超音波を1分間照射し、同様の遠心処理を施した。得られた分散液の吸光度を測定することで、グラフェン濃度およびグラフェン変換率を求めた。その結果を図14に示す。同図には、参考のために、湿式分散のグラフェン変換効率を示す。湿式分散は、100mLのプロパノールに黒鉛(Z5F)を0.1g-10gの範囲で添加し、分散剤として0.1gの炭酸アンモニウムを添加した。1500rpm30分の遠心処理により、凝集物を取り除き、吸光度を測定することでグラフェン濃度に変換した。また得られたグラフェン濃度を初期黒鉛濃度で除することで、グラフェン変換率を求めた。
(実施例2-19)
黒鉛(Z5F)2gを固定として、炭酸カリウム添加量をそれぞれ0、0.1、0.5、2、4gと変化させ、それぞれの混合粉末をボールミルにより15分間混合した。得られた粉末を2回水洗いし、乾燥することで、無機粒子複合体を得た。得られたそれぞれの無機粒子複合体を100mLのIPAにそれぞれ2g添加し、超音波処理を5分行った。表6に、各分散液の遠心処理後の吸光度の結果を示す。表6に示すように、黒鉛に対する炭酸カリウムの質量比が増えることで、吸光度が向上することを確認した。これは、塩の添加量増加により、乾式混合の際に黒鉛と塩との接触頻度が増加することで、塩による黒鉛の改質が効率的に進んでいることを示唆するものである。
(実施例2-20)
黒鉛(Z5F)5gを炭酸カリウム5gと混合処理した。その後、水洗して乾燥を行うことにより無機粒子複合体を得た。得られた無機粒子複合体をIPA100mL中に0.5g添加し、5分の超音波処理後に遠心処理を行うことで無機粒子複合体の分散液を得た。分散液の吸光度を定期的に測定することで、その分散安定性を評価した。
(実施例2-21)
二硫化モリブデン(Tパウダー)5gを炭酸カリウム5gと混合処理した。その後、水洗して感想を行うことにより無機粒子複合体を得た。得られた無機粒子複合体をIPA100mL中に0.5g添加し、5分の超音波処理後に遠心処理を行うことで無機粒子複合体の分散液を得た。分散液の吸光度を定期的に測定することで、その分散安定性を評価した。
(比較例2-10)
炭酸カリウムを加えない以外は実施例2-20と同様の方法を行い、IPAの分散液を得た。分散液の吸光度を定期的に測定することで、その分散安定性を評価した。
(比較例2-11)
炭酸カリウムを加えない以外は実施例2-21と同様の方法を行い、IPAの分散液を得た。分散液の吸光度を定期的に測定することで、その分散安定性を評価した。
黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、CNTを水溶性塩で処理したサンプル(実施例2-10,2-12)と、水溶性塩を加えない以外は同条件の比較例2-に係るサンプルを用意し、各サンプル(固形分)0.5g、IPAと水(体積比4:6)の混合溶媒にいれ、超音波5分かけた後、遠心処理1500rpm,30分施し、得られた分散液をサンプルとした。これを水で希釈してゼータ電位測定を行った。その結果を図17に示す。
黒鉛3gと炭酸カリウム3gにエタノールを30mL入れて、黒鉛濃度を100g/Lとし、ボールミルで15分間混合処理を行った。
エタノール100mLに3gの黒鉛を混ぜ、更に炭酸アンモニウムを0.1g添加して、5分間の超音波処理を行った。
[付記1]: 層状鉱物粉体を層状に剥離する方法であって、
有機溶媒中に、層状鉱物粉体と前記有機溶媒に分散する塩とを加える添加工程と、得られた混合液を撹拌する混合工程とを含み、
前記有機溶媒は、以下の数式(1)および数式(2)を満たし、
前記塩は、当該塩の対アニオンの酸の酸解離定数pKa(H2O)が0より大きい塩である、層状鉱物粉体の剥離方法。
[数式(1)]
4≦有機溶媒1の体積比率×有機溶媒1の比誘電率+・・+有機溶媒n-1の体積比率×有機溶媒n-1の比誘電率≦60
但し、nは1以上の整数であり、n=1は単独溶媒、n≧2は混合溶媒を示す。
[数式(2)]
有機溶媒1の体積比率×有機溶媒1の沸点+・・+有機溶媒n-1の体積比率×有機溶媒n-1の沸点<100℃
但し、nは1以上の整数であり、n=1は単独溶媒、n≧2は混合溶媒を示す。
上記層状鉱物粉体の剥離方法によれば、簡便且つ短時間に剥離を行うことができるので、生産性を高めることができる。また、塩を加えることにより分散性を顕著に高めることができる。
得られた混合液を撹拌する混合工程とを含み、
前記有機溶媒は、以下の数式(1)および数式(2)を満たし、
前記塩は、当該塩の対アニオンの酸の酸解離定数pKa(H2O)が0より大きい塩である、層状ナノプレート複合体の製造方法。
[数式(1)]
4≦有機溶媒1の体積比率×有機溶媒1の比誘電率+・・+有機溶媒n-1の体積比率×有機溶媒n-1の比誘電率≦60
但し、nは1以上の整数であり、n=1は単独溶媒、n≧2は混合溶媒を示す。
[数式(2)]
有機溶媒1の体積比率×有機溶媒1の沸点+・・+有機溶媒n-1の体積比率×有機溶媒n-1の沸点<100℃
但し、nは1以上の整数であり、n=1は単独溶媒、n≧2は混合溶媒を示す。
上記層状ナノプレート複合体の製造方法によれば、有機溶媒中に塩を加えることにより分散性を顕著に高めることができる。この反応は、常温・常圧において行うことができるので、また、短時間で分散性を高められるので、生産性に優れる。
前記濾取工程後、溶媒に再分散させ、サイズ分画する工程を含む付記2に記載の層状ナノプレート複合体の製造方法。
上記製造方法によれば、サイズの揃った分散性に優れた層状ナノプレート複合体を簡便に得ることができる。
上記製造方法によれば、層状ナノプレート複合体を容易に得ることができる。
本発明の無機粒子複合体は、インク、機能性コート膜、電極触媒の担持体、導電性複合体、電極等の電子部材、各種センサー等が例示できる。また、建材用途、塗料、医療機器など幅広い応用が期待できる。分散液に樹脂等を加えて、ペースト材料として用いることもできる。また、ナノグラフェンをシート化して透明導電膜とし利用することもできる。
Claims (11)
- 無機粉体に、水溶性塩を加えて乾式またはペースト状で混合する工程(A)と、
前記工程(A)の後に水洗して、前記水溶性塩由来の成分を含む無機粒子複合体を得る工程(B)とを含み、
前記水溶性塩は、当該水溶性塩の対アニオンの酸の酸解離定数pKa(H2O)が0より大きい水溶性塩である無機粒子複合体の製造方法。 - 前記無機粒子複合体は、前記水溶性塩の対カチオン由来の成分を1~100,000ppm含む請求項1に記載の無機粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記無機粉体は、層状鉱物粉体、sp2型炭素材料、金属粉体、セラミックスおよびこれらの酸化物粉体の少なくともいずれかである請求項1又は2に記載の無機粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記水溶性塩の対カチオンは、カリウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、リチウムイオン、バリウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、ルビジウムイオンおよびアンモニウムイオンのいずれかである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記無機粒子複合体を極性溶媒に分散したときの当該無機粒子複合体の平均粒子径が、1000nm以下である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 無機粉体に、水溶性塩を加えて乾式またはペースト状で混合した後に水洗することにより得られ、
前記水溶性塩は、当該水溶性塩の対アニオンの酸の酸解離定数pKa(H2O)が0より大きい水溶性塩であり、
前記水溶性塩由来の成分を含む無機粒子複合体。 - 前記水溶性塩の対カチオン由来の成分を1~100,000ppm含む請求項6に記載の無機粒子複合体。
- 前記無機粉体は、層状鉱物粉体、sp2型炭素材料、金属粉体、セラミックスおよびこれらの酸化物粉体の少なくともいずれかである、請求項6又は7に記載の無機粒子複合体。
- 前記水溶性塩の対カチオンは、カリウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、リチウムイオン、バリウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、ルビジウムイオンおよびアンモニウムイオンのいずれかである請求項6~8のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体。
- 極性溶媒に分散したときの平均粒子径が1000nm以下である請求項6~9のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体。
- 請求項6~10のいずれかに記載の無機粒子複合体を溶媒に分散した無機粒子複合体分散液。
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CN113603204A (zh) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-05 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种铝-碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法及其在去除水中难降解的污染物中的应用 |
CN115180650A (zh) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-10-14 | 天津大学浙江绍兴研究院 | 二硫化钼纳米片组装的二硫化钼纳米棒及制备方法和用途 |
CN115180650B (zh) * | 2022-08-09 | 2023-08-29 | 天津大学浙江绍兴研究院 | 二硫化钼纳米片组装的二硫化钼纳米棒及制备方法和用途 |
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CN117142522A (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
CN111212812A (zh) | 2020-05-29 |
US20200331761A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
KR20200068670A (ko) | 2020-06-15 |
EP3696143A4 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
CN117142463A (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
EP3696143A1 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
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