WO2019066012A1 - 強化繊維束、強化繊維開繊織物、および繊維強化複合体、並びにそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
強化繊維束、強化繊維開繊織物、および繊維強化複合体、並びにそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/74—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphite; with carbides; with graphitic acids or their salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2333/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C08J2333/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2369/00—Characterised by the use of polycarbonates; Derivatives of polycarbonates
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reinforced fiber bundle, a reinforced fiber open woven fabric, and a fiber reinforced composite, and a method for producing them.
- a fiber reinforced composite material in which a matrix resin is reinforced by reinforcing fibers is lightweight, yet excellent in strength, rigidity, dimensional stability, etc., and thus, it is used for office equipment applications, automotive applications, computer applications (eg, IC trays, notebooks)
- office equipment applications automotive applications
- computer applications eg, IC trays, notebooks
- the demand is growing year by year, as it is widely deployed in various fields such as case of personal computer, water blocking plate, wind turbine blade and so on.
- the reinforcing fiber used for the fiber reinforced composite material is different from the matrix resin in chemical composition and molecular structure, and has low affinity to the matrix resin. Accordingly, the adhesion between the reinforcing fiber and the matrix resin is low, and the improvement in the adhesion between the reinforcing fiber and the matrix resin is an issue.
- a fiber-reinforced composite material having a heat-demanding resin as a matrix resin is molded by various methods such as injection molding, injection compression molding, extrusion molding and press molding of compound pellets.
- reinforcing fibers are often used in the form of fiber bundles.
- the opening state of the fiber bundle is also mechanical of the fiber reinforced composite material. It greatly affects the strength.
- a method of pressure heating a thermoplastic resin sheet and a reinforcing fiber bundle is generally used. At this time, it is known that if the reinforcing fibers constituting the reinforcing fiber bundle are not opened sufficiently, the resin is not sufficiently impregnated between the reinforcing fibers and the mechanical strength of the fiber reinforced composite material is lowered. ing.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-177705 discloses a carbon fiber bundle obtained by immersing a carbon fiber bundle in an emulsion in which water-dispersible polymer particles are dispersed in a solution containing water and alcohol, and drying it. It is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-12243 discloses a method of producing a carbon fiber bundle in which fine particles and small particles are attached to the surface of the carbon fiber bundle.
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2013/027674
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-1621166
- heating is performed on the carbon fiber surface by heating. It is disclosed that a spacer is formed.
- the carbon fibers disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 with the synthetic resin particles added or adhered to the surface are synthetic resin when heating and pressing the thermoplastic resin sheet and the reinforcing fiber bundle.
- the particles are crushed or melted, and can not maintain the open state of the reinforcing fibers, and have a problem that the thermoplastic resin can not be sufficiently impregnated between the reinforcing fibers.
- the present inventors have relatively high melt viscosity of resins such as acrylic resins and polycarbonate resins having good mechanical properties and transparency, and in the conventional impregnation method, the resin is uniformly impregnated into the reinforcing fiber fabric. The problem was that it was not easy.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to provide a reinforced fiber bundle capable of well maintaining a spread state of reinforced fibers and manufacturing a fiber-reinforced composite excellent in mechanical strength. It is an object of the present invention to provide a reinforced fiber textile, a carbon fiber reinforced composite using the same, and a method for producing them. Moreover, another object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced fiber open fabric, a carbon fiber reinforced composite using the same, and a method for producing the same, which are excellent in appearance such as transparency and design.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that a carbon allotrope different from carbon fibers among carbon fibers in a reinforced fiber fabric composed of warp and weft bundles comprising carbon fibers.
- the cross-linked portion including the above for example, the open state between carbon fibers can be maintained at a constant interval even during heating and pressing, and as a result, the melt viscosity is high and the degree of impregnation is relatively low.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- a reinforcing fiber bundle comprising a plurality of reinforcing fibers, wherein A reinforcing fiber bundle, having a crosslinked portion containing a carbon allotrope between the reinforcing fibers.
- the reinforced fiber bundle according to [1] or [2], wherein the crosslinked portion is formed by bonding a plurality of carbon allotrope particles.
- the fiber pretreatment liquid further comprises a monomer that produces a thermosetting resin by a polymerization reaction.
- a reinforced fiber open-woven fabric formed from a warp bundle and a weft bundle consisting of carbon fibers, and having, between the carbon fibers, a crosslinked portion containing a carbon allotrope different from the carbon fibers.
- a method of producing a reinforced fiber open woven fabric comprising: [14] The method according to [13], wherein the opening solution further contains any one or more particles of a thermosetting resin, metal, silica, or a thermoplastic resin. [15] The method according to [13] or [14], further comprising a drying step after the carbonization step. [16] Any one of [12] to [15], wherein the thickness of the reinforced fiber open-woven fabric produced through each of the above steps is increased by 2% or more compared to the thickness of the reinforced fiber woven fabric Method described in Section.
- a fiber comprising the reinforcing fiber bundle according to any one of [1] to [6] or the reinforced fiber opening woven fabric according to any one of [9] to [12], and a matrix resin. Reinforced complex.
- Heating the matrix resin to be included in the reinforcing fiber bundle according to any one of [1] to [6] or the reinforced fiber opening textile according to any one of [9] to [12] A method of producing a fiber reinforced composite, comprising an impregnation step.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle and the reinforcing fiber opening fabric of the present invention are opened between the fibers by a cross-linking portion containing a carbon allotrope. Therefore, the open state between fibers can be maintained at a constant interval even during heating and pressing, and as a result, even a thermoplastic resin having a high melt viscosity and a relatively low impregnation property can be uniformly obtained. It is possible to impregnate and reduce voids which are non-impregnated parts in the reinforcing fiber bundle and the reinforcing fiber fabric.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle and the reinforcing fiber open fabric according to the present invention have the cross-linked portion containing the carbon allotrope excellent in rigidity, so that the straightness of the fiber bundle is improved in addition to the straightness of the fiber bundle being improved. By being held, resin impregnation of the fiber bundle is improved.
- thermoplastic resin such as a synthetic resin can be sufficiently impregnated between the fibers of the reinforcing fiber bundle and the reinforcing fiber open fabric, and a fiber-reinforced composite having excellent mechanical strength can be produced.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle, the reinforcing fiber opening woven fabric, and the fiber reinforced composite of the present invention increase in thickness due to the formation, holding and stability of the opening state compared to before opening, securing transparency, glossiness etc. Can provide a better appearance.
- thermosetting resin particles are Can be carbonized to form a cross-linked portion composed of a carbon allotrope, so that the cross-linked portion can be sufficiently introduced between the fibers, and a reinforced fiber bundle or a reinforced fiber open-woven fabric with a good open state can be produced.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle has a plurality of reinforcing fibers and a crosslinked portion containing carbon allotrope that crosslinks the reinforcing fibers.
- the reinforcing fiber is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, glass fiber, carbon fiber, polyester fiber such as PEN or PET, aramid fiber, etc. Among them, glass fiber or carbon fiber is preferable, Carbon fibers are most preferable in terms of various mechanical properties and weight.
- Examples of the carbon fiber include PAN-based carbon fiber, PITCH-based carbon fiber and the like, and PAN-based carbon fiber is preferable from the viewpoint of bending strength.
- PAN-based carbon fiber is preferable from the viewpoint of bending strength.
- glass fiber E glass fiber etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the average diameter of the reinforcing fibers is usually 4 ⁇ m or more, preferably 6 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the average diameter of the reinforcing fibers is usually 40 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 27 ⁇ m or less.
- the fiber diameter means, in a cross section along a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the fiber, the diameter of a perfect circle having the smallest diameter that can surround this cross section.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle is a bundle of a plurality of reinforcing fibers (single fibers).
- the number of reinforcing fibers constituting the fiber bundle is preferably 1,000 to 50,000.
- the number of carbon fibers constituting the fiber bundle is preferably 1000 to 50000, more preferably 12000 to 48000, and still more preferably 24000 to 48000.
- the reinforcing fibers are glass fibers, the number of glass fibers constituting the fiber bundle is preferably 1,000 to 20,000.
- the form of the reinforcing fiber is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include unidirectionally oriented fibers, woven fabrics, knits and non-woven fabrics, and preferred are unidirectionally oriented fibers and woven fabrics.
- Examples of the form of the fabric include plain weave, twill weave and satin weave, and among these, plain weave or twill weave having isotropy is preferable.
- a non-crimp fabric in which fibers are arranged in a form having straightness in each fiber orientation direction is preferable.
- the basis weight of the reinforcing fibers is preferably 100 ⁇ 400g / m 2, more preferably 180 ⁇ 400g / m 2.
- the weight per area of the reinforcing fiber is 100 g / m 2 or more, the mechanical strength of the carbon fiber reinforced composite obtained using the reinforcing fiber bundle is improved.
- the weight per area of the reinforcing fibers is 400 g / m 2 or less, the synthetic resin can be uniformly impregnated between the reinforcing fibers, and the mechanical strength of the carbon fiber reinforced composite obtained by using the reinforcing fiber bundle is improved. .
- the cross-linking portion 2 crosslinks between the reinforcing fibers 1.
- the bridging portion 2 is disposed so as to bridge the reinforcing fibers. That is, two reinforcing fibers are connected and integrated via the bridge portion 2. In other words, the two reinforcing fibers are connected and integrated by the bridging portion 2 by the bridging portion 2 being connected and integrated with the two reinforcing fibers.
- the bridge portion 2 contains a carbon allotrope.
- the carbon allotrope is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include amorphous carbon such as amorphous carbon, graphite, diamond and the like, and amorphous carbon is preferable. Among them, amorphous carbon is preferred from the viewpoint of adhesion to carbon fibers. Is more preferred.
- the crosslinked portion 2 may be a carbon allotrope alone, but may contain a thermosetting resin, a metal, silica, or a thermoplastic resin in addition to the carbon allotrope.
- a coated particle obtained by coating a carbon allotrope with particles made of thermosetting resin, metal, silica, thermoplastic resin, etc. in the cross-linked portion for the cross-linked portion it leads to improvement of the opening width and improvement of mechanical properties. be able to.
- carbon allotrope particles may be referred to as a generic name of particles consisting of a carbon allotrope, or particles coated with a carbon allotrope with a thermosetting resin, metal, silica, thermoplastic resin or the like.
- thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin, unsaturated polyester resin, ossazine resin, etc .; alumina, titanium, iron, aluminum etc.
- Metals silica; divinylbenzene cross-linked product, polyolefin, PBT, PET, acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin etc., and from the viewpoint of compatibility with carbon allotrope, oxazine resin, phenol resin, silica, alumina, aluminum, divinyl Benzene crosslinks are preferred, and oxazine resins or silicas are most preferred.
- the crosslinked portion 2 preferably contains carbon allotrope particles. As shown in FIG. 1, the carbon allotrope particles 21 are connected linearly (in a beaded connection) to form the cross-linked portion 2, and the carbon allotrope particles at both ends are integrally connected to the reinforcing fiber to form two pieces. The reinforcing fibers are connected and integrated via the crosslinking portion 2. In the case where a plurality of carbon allotrope particles are linearly connected as described above, the cross-linked portion may be a combination of different carbon allotrope particles (for example, a coating particle and a carbon particle).
- FIG. 1 shows the case where two carbon allotrope particles are connected and integrated to form the cross-linked portion 2, as shown in FIG. 2, three or more carbon allotrope particles 21 are connected and integrated.
- the bridge portion 2 may be configured.
- the cross-linking portion 2 is configured by connecting and integrating the carbon allotrope particles 21 with each other, and a concave portion 22 is formed in a connection portion between the carbon allotrope particles 21.
- the cross-linking portion 2 is formed of, for example, one rod-like body, since the recessed portion 22 is formed in the cross-linking portion 2, reinforcing fibers are integrally connected while suppressing the volume of the cross-linking portion 2. And the opening of reinforcing fibers can be reliably maintained.
- a recess 22 is formed over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction (direction orthogonal to the connecting direction of the carbon allotrope particles). Therefore, the synthetic resin impregnated between the reinforcing fibers 1 can be made to enter into the recess 22 of the cross-linking part 2 and be locked, and the integration of the reinforcing fiber 1 and the synthetic resin is strong. The mechanical strength of the resulting carbon fiber reinforced composite can be improved.
- the average particle diameter of the carbon allotrope particles 21 constituting the crosslinked portion 2 is usually 1 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, still more preferably 2 to 8 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 3 to 5 ⁇ m. preferable.
- the average particle diameter of carbon allotrope particles is 1 ⁇ m or more, the reinforcing fiber bundle is kept open despite the heat and pressure applied to the reinforcing fiber bundle at the time of impregnation of the synthetic resin between the reinforcing fibers, A carbon fiber reinforced composite having excellent mechanical strength can be obtained by sufficiently and uniformly impregnating the synthetic resin in between.
- the average particle diameter of carbon allotrope particles refers to a value measured in the following manner. First, a 400 ⁇ magnified image of the reinforcing fiber bundle is taken using an electron microscope. In the obtained photomicrograph, the particle diameter of carbon allotrope particles is measured by image processing, and the arithmetic mean value of the particle diameter of each carbon allotrope particle is taken as the average particle diameter of carbon allotrope particles. The particle diameter of the carbon allotrope particles is the diameter of a perfect circle of the smallest diameter that can surround the carbon allotrope particles.
- the average number of carbon allotrope particles 21 constituting the crosslinked portion 2 is preferably 1 to 100, more preferably 2 to 20, and particularly preferably 3 to 10.
- the number of carbon allotrope particles 21 constituting the cross-linked portion refers to the number of carbon allotrope particles in the connecting direction of the two reinforcing fibers (longitudinal direction of the cross-linked portion), and constitutes each cross-linked portion 2
- the arithmetic mean of the number of carbon allotrope particles That is, the carbon allotrope particle connected and integrated to one reinforcing fiber bundle is used as the first particle.
- a carbon allotrope particle connected and integrated to the first particle toward the other reinforcing fiber is referred to as a second particle.
- a carbon allotrope particle connected and integrated to the second particle toward the other reinforcing fiber is referred to as a third particle.
- the carbon allotrope particle connected and integrated to the other reinforcing fiber bundle is the n-th particle, it is assumed that there are n carbon allotrope particles constituting the crosslinked portion.
- the plurality of carbon allotrope particles connected and integrated to the (n-1) th particle are Collectively considered as one carbon allotrope particle.
- the carbon allotrope particle 21 is the first carbon allotrope particle 21a
- the first carbon is formed in the gap 3 formed between the first carbon allotrope particle 21a and the portion of the reinforcing fiber 1 opposed thereto.
- a plurality of second carbon allotrope particles 21b smaller in diameter than the allotrope particles 21a are disposed, and these second carbon allotrope particles 21b are directly applied to both the first carbon allotrope particles 21a and the reinforcing fiber 1. , May be integrated (see Figure 3).
- a carbon allotrope particle having a diameter of 40% or less of the average particle size of all carbon allotrope particles is taken as a second carbon allotrope particle.
- the first carbon allotrope particles 21 a and the plurality of second carbon allotrope particles 21 b are firmly connected and integrated to the reinforcing fiber 1, and the crosslinked portion 2 is more firmly connected and integrated to the reinforcing fiber 1. Therefore, in spite of the heat and pressure applied to the reinforcing fiber bundle at the time of impregnation of the synthetic resin between the reinforcing fibers, the bridging portion 2 maintains the opening of the reinforcing fiber bundle and impregnates the synthetic resin between the reinforcing fibers. Can be obtained sufficiently and uniformly, to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced composite having excellent mechanical strength.
- the average particle size of the second carbon allotrope particles 21 b is preferably 0.1 to 0.9 times, more preferably 0.15 to 0.7 times the average particle size of the first carbon allotrope particles 21 a, and 0. Particularly preferred is 2 to 0.5 times.
- the average particle diameter of the second carbon allotrope particles 21b is 0.1 times or more the average particle diameter of the first carbon allotrope particles 21a, the mechanical strength of the second carbon allotrope particles is improved while the cross-linked portion is improved. It is possible to improve the connection strength between the fiber and the reinforcing fiber.
- the connection area between the second carbon allotrope particles and the reinforcing fiber is increased
- the connection strength between the crosslinked portion and the reinforcing fiber can be improved.
- FIG. 1 the case where one carbon allotrope particles 21a and 21a located at both ends of the carbon allotrope particles 21a constituting the crosslinked portion 2 are directly connected and integrated to the reinforcing fibers 1 and 1 has been described. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of carbon allotrope particles 21 directly connected and integrated to the reinforcing fiber 1 may be provided.
- the third carbon allotrope particles 21 c disposed between the reinforcing fibers 1 and the fourth carbon allotrope particles having a diameter smaller than that of the third carbon allotrope particles 21 c 21 d may be included in the cross-linked portion 2.
- a carbon allotrope particle having a diameter of 40% or less of the average particle size of all carbon allotrope particles is taken as a fourth carbon allotrope particle.
- a plurality of fourth carbon allotrope particles 21d are attached and integrated to the surface of the third carbon allotrope particles 21c, and a plurality of fourth carbon allotrope particles 21d are directly connected and integrated to the reinforcing fiber 1 .
- a plurality of fourth carbon allotrope particles 21d are interposed between the third carbon allotrope particle 21c and the reinforcing fiber 1 opposed thereto, and the fourth carbon allotrope particle 21d is a third carbon allotrope particle. It is connected and integrated to the carbon allotrope particle 21 c and the reinforcing fiber 1.
- the contact area (connection area) to the reinforcing fiber 1 is large, and the bridge portion 2 is connected to and integrated with the reinforcing fiber 1 firmly. ing. Therefore, despite the heat and pressure applied to the reinforcing fiber bundle during the impregnation of the synthetic resin between the reinforcing fibers 1, the cross-linking unit 2 maintains the opening of the reinforcing fiber bundle and the synthesis between the reinforcing fibers By making the resin impregnation sufficient and uniform, a fiber reinforced composite having excellent mechanical strength can be obtained.
- the average particle size of the fourth carbon allotrope particles 21 d is preferably 0.1 to 0.9 times, more preferably 0.2 to 0.7 times the average particle size of the third carbon allotrope particles 21 c, and 0. Particularly preferred is 3 to 0.5 times.
- the average particle diameter of the fourth carbon allotrope particles 21 d is 0.1 times or more the average particle diameter of the third carbon allotrope particles 21 c, the mechanical strength of the fourth carbon allotrope particles is improved while the cross-linked portion It is possible to improve the connection strength between the fiber and the reinforcing fiber.
- the connection area between the fourth carbon allotrope particles and the reinforcing fiber is increased.
- the connection strength between the crosslinked portion and the reinforcing fiber can be improved.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the case where there is one third carbon allotrope particle 21c, as shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of third carbon allotrope particles 21c are as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. It may be connected in a linear manner (in a beaded manner).
- a plurality of fourth carbon allotrope particles 21d are integrally attached to the surfaces of the carbon allotrope particles 21c1 and 21c1 at both ends of the third carbon allotrope particles 21c connected in a linear manner, and the bridge portion 2 is configured. There is.
- the content of the crosslinked portion 2 is preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the reinforcing fiber.
- the content of the crosslinking portion is 1 part by mass or more, the reinforcing fiber bundle is sufficiently opened, and the impregnation of the synthetic resin between the reinforcing fibers is sufficient and uniform, and has excellent mechanical strength.
- An elemental fiber reinforced composite can be obtained.
- the mechanical strength per unit cross-sectional area of a reinforcement fiber bundle improves that content of a bridge
- thermosetting resin particles used in the manufacturing method of the present invention may be combined with at least one or more of metal, silica and thermoplastic resin, and on at least a part of the surface of metal, silica and thermoplastic resin particles Also included are coated particles in which a thermosetting resin is attached in the form of a film.
- a metal, a silica, and a thermoplastic resin it is as above-mentioned.
- a method for bringing the fiber pretreatment liquid into contact with a plurality of reinforcing fibers for example, a method of applying the fiber pretreatment liquid to a plurality of reinforcing fibers using a spray, brush or the like, dipping the reinforcing fibers in the fiber pretreatment liquid And the like.
- the fiber pretreatment liquid contains thermosetting resin particles.
- the thermosetting resin particle is a raw material of carbon allotrope particles constituting the crosslinked portion 2.
- thermosetting resin which comprises the thermosetting resin particle
- an oxazine resin etc. can be mentioned, for example.
- the oxazine resin include benzoxazine resin, naphthoxazine resin and the like, and naphthoxazine resin is preferable.
- the “oxazine resin” is a resin which is attached to a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring and has a six-membered ring containing oxygen and nitrogen.
- the benzoxazine resin has a structure represented by the following chemical formula (1).
- the naphthoxazine resin has a structure shown in the following chemical formula (2).
- the fiber pretreatment liquid may contain a monomer as a raw material of thermosetting resin particles, and preferably contains a monomer as an oxazine resin raw material.
- the fiber pretreatment liquid contains a monomer as a raw material of the thermosetting resin particles
- the fiber pretreatment liquid is heated when the impregnated fiber bundle obtained by impregnating the fiber pretreatment liquid into the reinforcing fiber is heated.
- the particles of thermosetting resin, metal, silica or thermoplastic resin contained are used as cores to facilitate the growth of the thermosetting resin particles between the reinforcing fibers, so that the reinforcing fibers are sufficiently and surely distributed. It can be set up.
- a part of the monomers in the fiber pretreatment liquid may be polymerized without using the thermosetting resin particles as a core to generate new thermosetting resin particles.
- the reinforcing fibers are bridged through the grown thermosetting resin particles and / or the thermosetting resin particles integrally connected to each other. That is, two reinforcing fibers are connected and integrated via the grown thermosetting resin particles and / or the thermosetting resin particles connected and integrated with each other.
- thermosetting resin which comprises the thermosetting resin particle is naphthoxazine resin
- the thermosetting resin which comprises the thermosetting resin particle is naphthoxazine resin
- Monomers used as a raw material of naphthoxazine resin are phenols dihydroxynaphthalene, formaldehyde and amines.
- dihydroxynaphthalene There are many isomers of dihydroxynaphthalene.
- dihydroxynaphthalene isomers include 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, and 2,6-dihydroxy Naphthalene, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and the like can be mentioned.
- 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene and 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene are preferable, and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene is more preferable, because of high reactivity.
- Formaldehyde is preferably used as formalin.
- formalin may have a small amount of methanol added as a stabilizer.
- paraformaldehyde may be used instead of formaldehyde.
- Formaldehyde is preferably 1.6 to 2.4 moles relative to 1 mole of dihydroxynaphthalene.
- R is preferably an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms.
- R is preferably an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms.
- an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, cyclopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, Examples thereof include cyclobutyl group, cyclopropylmethyl group, n-pentyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclopropylethyl group, cyclopropylmethyl group and the like.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group are preferable.
- amines for example, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine and the like are preferably used, and methylamine is more preferably used.
- the amount of amines is preferably 0.8 to 1.2 moles relative to 1 mole of dihydroxynaphthalene.
- the fiber pretreatment solution preferably contains a solvent, and the solvent is not particularly limited.
- the solvent is not particularly limited.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alcohols such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethylformamide, ethanol and the like.
- the amount of the solvent in the fiber pretreatment liquid is preferably 400 to 3000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the curable resin particles.
- the amount of the solvent in the fiber pretreatment liquid is the total of 100 mass of the curable resin particles and the monomer. 400 to 3000 parts by mass is preferable with respect to parts.
- thermosetting resin particles may be present as primary particles or may be present as aggregated secondary particles.
- the average particle diameter of the thermosetting resin particles contained in the fiber pretreatment solution is preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.5 to 8 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 2 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the thermosetting resin particles is determined by measuring the particle diameter of the thermosetting resin particles by image processing on a photograph taken at a magnification of 1000 times with an electron microscope. The arithmetic mean value of the particle diameter is taken as the average particle diameter of the thermosetting resin particles.
- the particle diameter of a thermosetting resin particle be the diameter of the perfect circle of the minimum diameter which can enclose a thermosetting resin particle.
- the conversion of the monomers contained in the monomer solution is preferably 20 to 90%, more preferably 30 to 80%, and particularly preferably 40 to 70%.
- a monomer conversion rate says the value calculated based on the following formula.
- Monomer conversion rate (%) 100 ⁇ mass of thermosetting resin particles
- the heating temperature of the monomer solution is preferably 30 to 80 ° C., more preferably 40 to 70 ° C., and particularly preferably 50 to 60 ° C.
- the heating time of the monomer solution is preferably 10 to 100 minutes, more preferably 20 to 60 minutes, and particularly preferably 30 to 50 minutes.
- thermosetting resin is a naphthoxazine resin
- the following mechanism can be considered as a polymerization mechanism of the thermosetting resin.
- a hydrophobic oxazine ring is formed from dihydroxynaphthalene.
- naphthoxazine resin is formed by ring-opening polymerization of the oxazine ring to increase the molecular weight.
- the impregnated fiber bundle manufactured in the impregnation step is heated to carbonize the thermosetting resin particles to form carbon allotrope particles, and the reinforcing portion is bridged by the crosslinking portion containing carbon allotrope particles to form a reinforced fiber bundle. It can be manufactured (carbonization process).
- the temperature at which the impregnated fiber bundle is heated to carbonize the thermosetting resin particles is preferably 180 to 250 ° C., and more preferably 190 to 220 ° C. By setting the temperature for carbonization within the above range, the thermosetting resin particles can be carbonized into carbon allotrope particles without deteriorating the reinforcing fibers.
- the time for heating the impregnated fiber bundle to carbonize the thermosetting resin particles is preferably 1 to 100 minutes, and more preferably 2 to 20 minutes.
- the thermosetting resin particles can be carbonized into carbon allotrope particles without deteriorating the reinforcing fibers.
- the fiber pretreatment liquid contains a monomer that is a raw material of thermosetting resin particles
- the thermosetting resin, metal, silica, or thermoplastic contained in the fiber pretreatment liquid when the impregnated fiber bundle is heated are easily grown between the reinforcing fibers with the resin particles as the core.
- monomers contained in the fiber pretreatment liquid may be polymerized to form and precipitate thermosetting resin particles.
- thermosetting resin particles grown with the thermosetting resin particles contained in advance in the fiber pretreatment liquid as the core are singly or mutually connected to form a thermosetting resin row while being connected and integrated with the reinforcing fiber,
- the thermosetting resin particles are sufficiently and surely disposed between the reinforcing fibers in a state of being bridged between the reinforcing fibers.
- the thermosetting resin particles grown with the thermosetting resin particles contained in advance in the fiber pretreatment liquid as the core are reinforced fibers through the thermosetting resin particles having a diameter smaller than that of the thermosetting resin particles.
- the thermosetting resin particles are sufficiently and surely disposed between the reinforcing fibers in a state of being bridged between the reinforcing fibers.
- thermosetting resin particles are carbonized to form carbon allotrope particles, whereby the reinforcing fibers can be more reliably bridged by the cross-linked portion including the carbon allotrope particles to produce a reinforcing fiber bundle.
- a fiber reinforced composite can be produced by impregnating a reinforcing fiber bundle with a matrix resin.
- the matrix resin may be either a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin, but a thermoplastic resin is preferable because the fiber-reinforced composite has excellent flexural modulus and flexural strength.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyolefin resin, polyamide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyetheretherketone resin, etc. Among them, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyolefin Resins are preferred.
- polyolefin resins examples include polyethylene resins and polypropylene resins.
- the polyethylene resin is not particularly limited.
- low density polyethylene resin medium density polyethylene resin, high density polyethylene resin, linear low density polyethylene resin, linear medium density polyethylene resin, straight A linear high density polyethylene resin and the like can be mentioned.
- the polypropylene-based resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a propylene homopolymer, a copolymer of propylene and another olefin, and the like.
- the copolymer of propylene and another olefin may be either a block copolymer or a random copolymer.
- the olefins copolymerized with propylene include, for example, ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, etc. -An olefin etc. are mentioned.
- thermosetting resin an epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, a phenol resin, a melamine resin, a polyurethane resin etc. are mentioned, A unsaturated polyester resin and an epoxy resin are preferable.
- the method for impregnating the matrix resin into the reinforcing fiber bundle is not particularly limited.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle is disposed in a state in which the cross-linked portion 2 is connected between the reinforcing fibers 1 and 1 and connected to and integrated with the reinforcing fibers 1. Therefore, even if heat and pressure are applied to the reinforcing fiber bundle to impregnate the matrix resin into the reinforcing fiber bundle, the crosslinked portion 2 can reliably maintain the open state of the reinforcing fiber bundle, and the reinforcing fiber The matrix resin can be uniformly and sufficiently impregnated in the bundle.
- the resulting fiber reinforced composite has excellent mechanical strength.
- the cross-linked portion 2 is formed by connecting carbon allotrope particles and / or carbon allotrope particles, a recess is formed between the connection portion between the carbon allotrope particles and the reinforcing fiber bundle and the connection portion between the carbon allotrope particles In this portion, the reinforcing fiber bundle can be impregnated with the matrix resin in a state in which the matrix resin is locked, and the obtained fiber reinforced composite is an integral of the reinforcing fiber bundle and the matrix resin. And excellent mechanical strength.
- the content of the reinforcing fiber bundle is preferably 10 to 70% by mass, and more preferably 20 to 50% by mass.
- the content of the matrix resin is preferably 30 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 50 to 70% by mass.
- the conventional fiber opening technology is a technology characterized by increasing the contact area between the fiber and the resin by spreading the fiber in the lateral direction, but the technology to expand and open the distance between the fiber and the fiber It was not intended.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle the reinforcing fiber open woven fabric and the carbon fiber reinforced composite of the present invention
- a three-dimensional crosslink is formed between carbon fibers by a crosslink portion containing a carbon allotrope different from carbon fibers.
- the distance between the fibers is extended thereby to obtain a reinforced fiber bundle and a reinforced fiber fabric excellent in resin impregnation and appearance (gloss).
- Example A1 Preparation of fiber pretreatment solution> Monomer containing 10 parts by mass of dihydroxynaphthalene, 4 parts by mass of methylamine and 8 parts by mass of formalin (formaldehyde content: 37% by mass), and 600 parts by mass of ethanol water (content of ethanol: 50% by mass) as a solvent The mixture was homogeneously mixed to prepare a monomer solution in which the monomers were dissolved.
- the average particle size of the naphthoxazine resin particles was 3 ⁇ m.
- the conversion of the monomers contained in the monomer solution was 50%, and the monomers remained in the fiber pretreatment solution.
- a plain weave fabric was impregnated with the fiber pretreatment solution to prepare an impregnated fiber bundle.
- the plain weave fabric was swollen by impregnating the fiber pretreatment solution.
- the plain weave fabric was placed on a hot plate maintained at 200 ° C. for 3 minutes to evaporate and remove the solvent in the fiber pretreatment solution. Furthermore, the monomers in the fiber pretreatment solution were polymerized to grow naphthoxazine resin particles with the naphthoxazine resin particles contained in advance in the fiber pretreatment solution as cores, and were previously contained in the fiber pretreatment solution. The naphthoxazine resin particles were newly precipitated without using the naphthoxazine resin particles as a core.
- the naphthoxazine resin particles grown with the naphthoxazine resin particles contained in advance in the fiber pretreatment solution as nuclei function singly or as being connected with each other to form a thermosetting resin row, and are integrally connected with the reinforcing fibers to reinforce the reinforcing fibers.
- naphthoxazine resin particles were disposed in a state of bridging between reinforcing fibers.
- the naphthoxazine resin particles disposed between the reinforcing fibers were immediately carbonized to be carbonized compound particles, whereby a reinforcing fiber bundle was produced.
- a crosslinked portion containing carbon allotrope particles was disposed between the reinforcing fibers of the reinforcing fiber bundle. Both ends of the cross-linked portion were integrally connected to the reinforcing fiber.
- the carbon allotrope particles were formed of amorphous carbon.
- FIG. 6 An enlarged photograph of the obtained reinforced fiber bundle observed using an optical microscope (trade name “VH-2500” manufactured by KEYENCE Co., Ltd.) is shown in FIG. 6 and FIG.
- the average particle diameter of carbon allotrope particles was 3 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the large diameter carbon allotrope particles was 5 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the small-diameter carbon allotrope particles was 1 ⁇ m.
- the average number of carbon allotrope particles constituting the crosslinked portion was three. It was 0.21 mm when the thickness of the reinforced fiber bundle was measured using a digital micrometer (trade name "EA 725 EB 11" manufactured by Esco).
- a methacrylic resin (trade name "MH” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) is prepared as a matrix resin, and the methacrylic resin is extruded into a film, and a molten methacrylic resin film is laminated on the reinforcing fiber bundle, The methacrylic resin was impregnated into the reinforcing fiber bundle by compressing for 3 minutes at a pressure of 1 MPa while heating, to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m.
- the content of the reinforcing fiber bundle was 40% by mass.
- Comparative Example A1 20 parts by mass of 50% by mass ethanol water (trade name "057-00456” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 2.0 parts by mass 40 parts 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (trade name "048-02342" manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 1.0 parts by mass of methylamine aqueous solution (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name "132-01857”) and 2.0 parts by mass of 37% by mass formaldehyde aqueous solution (trade name "064-00406", manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Were supplied to a beaker in this order and stirred to prepare a monomer solution.
- the plain weave fabric was impregnated with the monomer solution by bringing the plain weave fabric (trade name "EC3C” manufactured by Taiwan Plastics Co., Ltd.) into contact with the monomer solution and pinching with a rubber roller.
- E3C plain weave fabric manufactured by Taiwan Plastics Co., Ltd.
- the plain woven fabric is placed in a hot-air oven set at 70 ° C. in a state of being sandwiched with two polyethylene terephthalate films (Akira scream “G2-100” manufactured by Teijin Limited), and heated for 3 minutes. did.
- the solvent was removed by leaving the plain weave fabric in a hot air oven set at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a reinforced fiber bundle. It was 0.19 mm when the thickness of the reinforced fiber bundle was measured using a digital micrometer (trade name "EA 725 EB 11" manufactured by Esco Co., Ltd.).
- FIG. 1 An enlarged photograph of the obtained reinforced fiber bundle observed using an optical microscope (trade name "VH-2500” manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation) is shown in FIG.
- the carbon allotrope adheres and integrates to the surface of the reinforcing fiber bundle in a hemispherical shape, but the carbon allotrope is not in a state of bridging reinforcing fibers.
- a fiber reinforced composite was produced in the same manner as in Example A1 using the obtained reinforcing fiber bundle.
- the fiber reinforced composite was heat-fused and integrated on both sides of a polyvinyl chloride plate (manufactured by Takiron, thickness: 4 mm) to prepare a laminate.
- the flexural modulus and flexural strength of the obtained laminate were measured in accordance with JIS K7074.
- the flexural modulus and flexural strength of a commercially available polyvinyl chloride plate (thickness: 3 mm) were measured in accordance with JIS K 7074 and found to be 3194 MPa and 93 MPa.
- Example B1 Preparation of fiber pretreatment solution> First, 10 parts by mass of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (trade name "048-02342" manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 4 parts by mass of a 40% by mass methylamine aqueous solution (trade name "132-01857” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Monomer containing 8 parts by mass of 37% by mass formaldehyde aqueous solution (trade name "064-00406” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 600 parts by mass 50% by mass ethanol water (trade name "057-00456” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) as a solvent The parts were uniformly mixed to prepare a monomer solution.
- 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene trade name "048-02342” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- 4 parts by mass of a 40% by mass methylamine aqueous solution (trade name "132-01857” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- the monomer solution is heated with stirring so that the solution temperature becomes 60 ° C. and held for 30 minutes to polymerize a part of the monomer, thereby precipitating the naphthoxazine resin particles, and the naphthoxazine resin particles
- a fiber pretreatment solution was prepared.
- the average particle size of the naphthoxazine resin particles was 3 ⁇ m.
- the conversion of the monomers contained in the monomer solution was 50%, and the monomers remained in the fiber pretreatment solution.
- a commercially available plain weave fabric (manufactured by Taiwan Plastics Co., Ltd.) is produced by using PAN-based carbon fiber bundles (number of bundles: 3000, fiber diameter: 7 ⁇ m, basis weight: 200 g / m 2 ) as flat fiber bundles before opening.
- Carbon fiber woven fabric (trade name "EC3C") was prepared.
- the horizontal thickness (width) of the fiber bundle constituting the plain weave was 1.50 mm (average value of 10 points) for both the warp width and the weft width.
- the thickness (width) in the horizontal direction was measured using image processing with an optical microscope (trade name "VH-2500” manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation) (the same applies to the following).
- the thickness of the perpendicular direction of the fiber bundle which comprises plain fabric was 0.19 mm (average value of ten places).
- the thickness in the vertical direction was measured using a digital micrometer (trade name "EA 725 EB 11" manufactured by ESCO) (the same applies to the following).
- the plain woven fabric was impregnated with the above fiber pretreatment solution to prepare a carbon fiber woven fabric including the impregnated fiber bundle.
- the impregnation step is a step of bringing the carbon fiber fabric into contact with a fiber pretreatment solution containing a monomer that produces a thermosetting resin by a polymerization reaction.
- the plain weave fabric was impregnated with the fiber pretreatment liquid by bringing the plain weave fabric composed of fiber bundles into contact with the fiber pretreatment liquid and then pinching with a rubber roller. After that, the roll was pulled in the horizontal direction.
- the fiber bundle absorbs the treatment liquid by surface tension and swells by impregnating the fiber pretreatment liquid in this manner, and then the fiber bundle is horizontally treated by treating it with a roll in the horizontal direction.
- the fiber pretreatment solution can be referred to as a fiber opening solution.
- the fiber was further opened by heat treatment. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the plain weave including the impregnated fiber bundle is placed on a hot plate maintained at 200 ° C. for 3 minutes to evaporate and remove the solvent in the fiber pretreatment solution and to grow naphthoxazine resin particles. And carbonization occurred to obtain an open-woven fabric of carbon fibers containing amorphous carbon particles.
- naphthoxazine resin particles grown with naphthoxazine resin particles contained in advance in the fiber pretreatment liquid as nuclei alone or connected with each other to form a thermosetting resin row are connected and integrated with the reinforcing fiber,
- the naphthoxazine resin particles were disposed between the reinforcing fibers so as to bridge the reinforcing fibers.
- the naphthoxazine resin particles disposed between the reinforcing fibers were immediately carbonized to be carbonized compound particles, whereby a reinforcing fiber bundle was produced.
- a crosslinked portion containing carbon allotrope particles was disposed between the reinforcing fibers of the reinforcing fiber bundle. Both ends of the cross-linked portion were integrally connected to the reinforcing fiber.
- the carbon allotrope particles were formed of amorphous carbon.
- the obtained reinforcing fiber bundle (constituting a carbon fiber spread fabric) was observed using an optical microscope (trade name "VH-2500" manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation), and the average particle diameter of carbon allotrope particles was 3 ⁇ m. .
- the average particle size of the large diameter carbon allotrope particles was 5 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the small-diameter carbon allotrope particles was 1 ⁇ m.
- the average number of carbon allotrope particles constituting the crosslinked portion was three.
- FIG. 9 and 10 show photomicrographs of a reinforcing fiber fabric composed of fiber bundles before the opening process and a reinforcing fiber open fabric of the present invention composed of the reinforcing fiber bundles after the opening process. As shown in FIG. 10, it can be seen that the warp bundles and the weft bundles are in close contact with the substantially adjacent fiber bundles by the opening process.
- the carbon fiber woven fabric can be referred to as a carbon fiber opened woven fabric because the carbon fiber woven fabric is opened due to the fiber opening treatment.
- the horizontal thickness (width) of the obtained reinforcing fiber bundle constituting the carbon fiber opened fabric after drying is 1.99 mm (average value of 10 points) in both the warp width and the weft width, It increased by 0.49 mm compared to before the opening process.
- the thickness in the vertical direction of the obtained reinforcing fiber bundle constituting the carbon fiber opened fabric after drying is 0.21 mm (average value of 10 points), and interestingly, similar to the horizontal direction, There was an increase compared to before fiber opening treatment. Generally, after the yarn bundle (fiber bundle) is opened in the horizontal direction, it is considered that the thickness in the vertical direction decreases because the number of laminated single fibers decreases in the vertical direction. In the fiber treatment, as described above, it was found that the thickness of the fiber bundle also increased in the vertical direction from 0.19 mm before the fiber opening treatment to 0.21 mm after the fiber opening treatment.
- Comparative Example B1 A carbon fiber woven fabric was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example B1 except that 600 g of 50% by mass ethanol water was used as a fiber pretreatment liquid.
- the horizontal thickness (width) of the reinforcing fiber bundle after drying obtained in Comparative Example B1 is 1.99 mm (average value of 10 points) in both of the warp width and weft width, and it is compared with that before the treatment Increased by 0.49 mm.
- the thickness in the vertical direction of the reinforcing fiber bundle after drying obtained in Comparative Example B1 was 0.16 mm (average value of 10 points), which was smaller than that before the treatment.
- the thickness in the vertical direction is considered to decrease because the number of laminated single fibers decreases, as expected.
- the thickness of the fiber bundle in the vertical direction decreased from 0.19 mm before treatment to 0.16 mm after treatment.
- the horizontal thickness (width) of the reinforcing fiber bundle after drying obtained in Reference Example B1 is 1.99 mm (average value of 10 points) in both the warp width and weft width, and it is compared with that before the treatment. Increased by 0.49 mm.
- the thickness in the vertical direction of the reinforcing fiber bundle after drying obtained in Reference Example 1 was 0.16 mm (average value at 10 points), which was smaller than that before the treatment.
- the thickness in the vertical direction is considered to decrease because the number of laminated single fibers decreases, as expected.
- it was found that the thickness of the fiber bundle in the vertical direction decreased from 0.19 mm before the treatment to 0.16 mm after the treatment.
- Example B1 This differs from Example B1 in that the heat treatment described above does not synthesize a naphthoxanthin resin which is a heat-resistant high-strength resin, and therefore, it is not fixed in a state where the fibers are open and stable. It is guessed that it is because it is not held.
- Example B2 Preparation of carbon fiber reinforced composite> A polypropylene (PP) resin (trade name "J108M” manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.) was used as a matrix resin.
- PP polypropylene
- the pressure is 1 MPa while heating to 250 ° C.
- the polypropylene resin was impregnated into the reinforcing fiber bundle by compression for 3 minutes to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced composite having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m.
- the content of reinforcing fiber was 50% by mass.
- Comparative Example B2 A carbon fiber composite was produced in the same manner as in Example B2 using the same matrix resin as in Example B2 except that the carbon fiber woven fabric obtained in Comparative Example B1 was used, and a laminate obtained using this Elastic modulus and flexural strength were measured.
- Example B3 Preparation of carbon fiber reinforced composite>
- PC polycarbonate (PC) resin (manufactured by Sumitomo Acrylics, Inc., film thickness 75 ⁇ m, part number “C000”) was used.
- a polycarbonate resin is laminated on the reinforcing fiber bundle constituting the carbon fiber open fabric obtained in Example B1, and then compressed for 3 minutes under a pressure of 1 MPa while heating at 250 ° C. was impregnated into the reinforcing fiber bundle to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced composite having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m.
- the content of reinforcing fiber was 50% by mass.
- Comparative Example B3 A carbon fiber composite was produced in the same manner as in Example B3 using the same matrix resin as in Example B3 except that the carbon fiber woven fabric obtained in Comparative Example B1 was used, and a laminate obtained using this Elastic modulus and flexural strength were measured.
- Example B4 Preparation of carbon fiber reinforced composite>
- a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin film manufactured by Sumitomo Acrylics, Inc., film thickness 75 ⁇ m, product number “S001G” was used.
- Example B1 After laminating a polymethyl methacrylate resin film on the reinforcing fiber bundle constituting the carbon fiber opened fabric obtained in Example B1, compressing for 3 minutes at a pressure of 1 MPa while heating at 250 ° C. Thus, a poly (methyl methacrylate) resin was impregnated into the reinforcing fiber bundle to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced composite having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m. In the carbon fiber reinforced composite, the content of reinforcing fiber was 50% by mass.
- Comparative Example B4 A carbon fiber composite was produced in the same manner as in Example B4 using the same matrix resin as in Example B4 except that the carbon fiber woven fabric obtained in Comparative Example B1 was used, and a laminate obtained using this Elastic modulus and flexural strength were measured.
- Example C1-1 ⁇ Preparation of carbon fiber fabric> 12K carbon fiber fabric 1: PAN-based carbon fiber bundle (number of filaments: 12000) twill-woven plain fabric, fabric weight: 400 g / m 2 , thickness: 0.575 mm woven fabric (manufactured by Taiwan Plastics Co., Ltd., trade name "ECCN” ), And 12K carbon fiber woven fabric 2: PAN-based carbon fiber bundle (number of filaments: 12000) formed by plain weave, fabric weight: 192 g / m 2 , thickness: 0.21 mm woven fabric (manufactured by Toray Industries, trade name “TORECA Cross CK 627 3 C ”) Prepared.
- Thermoplastic Resin A mixture of 100 parts by mass of a polypropylene (PP) resin (manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.) and 10 parts by mass of a maleic acid-modified polypropylene (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name "Umex 1010"), PP resin film which is melt-kneaded by an extruder to form a film, and polycarbonate (PC) resin film (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. trade name "Technoloy C000”) Prepared.
- PP polypropylene
- PC polycarbonate
- the 12K carbon fiber woven fabric 1 For the 12K carbon fiber woven fabric 1, five layers of PP resin films were laminated up and down as a matrix resin. The size of the laminate was 200 ⁇ 200 mm, and the thickness was 2 mm. Next, the laminate is placed inside a 200 ⁇ 200 mm square open hole-shaped spacer, heated from ordinary temperature to 200 ° C., held at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, using a flat plate mold, Further, heating and pressurizing were performed for 10 minutes at a pressure of 2 MPa. Then, it cooled over about 30 minutes, hold
- Example C1-2 A prepreg was produced under the same conditions as in Example C1-1 except that the matrix resin was changed to a PC resin film and the mold temperature was 270 ° C.
- the measurement results of the pitch width are shown in Table C1.
- Comparative Example C1-1 A prepreg was produced under the same conditions as in Example C1-1 except that the 12K carbon fiber woven fabric 2 was changed. The measurement results of the pitch width are shown in Table C1.
- Comparative Example C1-2 A prepreg was produced under the same conditions as in Example C1-2 except that the 12K carbon fiber fabric 2 was changed. The measurement results of the pitch width are shown in Table C1.
- the pitch width of the carbon fiber fabric 1 before pressing was uniform at about 4 mm, and the pitch width of the fabric 2 was uniform at about 7.5 mm, but a comparative example C1 using a fabric having a basis weight of 200 g / m 2 In the case of No.-1 and Comparative Example C1-2, misalignment occurred. On the other hand, in Examples C1-1 and C1-2 using a woven fabric having a basis weight of 400 g / m 2 , almost no misalignment occurred, and the pitch width was both 4.1 mm. From the above results, it has become clear that the designability of the carbon fiber fabric can be maintained by setting the weight per unit area to a specific value or more.
- Example C2-1 ⁇ Production of open-fiber impregnation solution> 10 parts by mass of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (trade name "048-02342" manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 4 parts by mass methylamine (trade name “132-01857” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and formalin (formaldehyde contained) Amount: 37% by mass, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name "064-00406"
- An open-impregnation impregnating solution was prepared by uniformly mixing 600 parts by mass of the solution and dissolving the monomer.
- a 12K carbon fiber fabric 1 was impregnated with the spreading impregnation solution to prepare an impregnated fiber bundle.
- the 12K carbon fiber fabric 1 was swollen by impregnating the fiber-opening impregnation liquid.
- the 12K carbon fiber fabric 1 was placed on a hot plate maintained at 200 ° C. for 3 minutes to evaporate and remove the solvent in the spreading and impregnating solution. Furthermore, the monomers in the opening and impregnating solution were polymerized, and naphthoxazine resin particles were grown with the naphthoxazine resin particles contained in advance in the opening and impregnating solution as cores, and were previously contained in the opening and impregnating solution. The naphthoxazine resin particles were newly precipitated without using the naphthoxazine resin particles as a core.
- the naphthoxazine resin particles grown with the naphthoxazine resin particles contained in advance in the spreading and impregnating solution as nuclei function singly or as being connected with each other to form a thermosetting resin train while being connected and integrated with the carbon fibers, carbon fibers
- naphthoxazine resin particles were disposed in a state of bridging carbon fibers.
- the naphthoxazine resin particles disposed between the carbon fibers were immediately carbonized to produce an opened carbon fiber bundle containing carbon isotope particles. Between the carbon fibers of the carbon fiber bundle, a crosslinked portion containing carbon allotrope particles was disposed. Both ends of the cross-linked portion were connected and integrated to the carbon fiber. The carbon allotrope particles were formed of a carbon allotrope. The average particle size of the carbon allotrope particles was 3 ⁇ m.
- the flexural modulus and flexural strength of the obtained laminate were measured in accordance with JIS K7074. The measurement results were as shown in Table C2 below.
- Example C2-2 An opening and impregnating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example C2-1 except that the opening and impregnating solution prepared in Example C2-1 was changed to 12 parts of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 11 parts of methylamine and 6 parts of formalin. Was produced.
- a portion of the spreading and impregnating solution obtained above is diluted with a 50% aqueous ethanol solution, a small amount thereof is collected, dropped onto a preparation, and the solvent is evaporated, and then an optical microscope (device name “VHX manufactured by KEYENCE Co., Ltd. The shape and dispersibility of the particles were confirmed by -6000 "). As a result, the individual particles (primary particles) had a shape close to a true sphere, and although some spots where about 20 primary particles were agglomerated were also observed, they showed good dispersibility as a whole. .
- the particle diameter of the particles was measured by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (trade name “SALD-2200” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and as a result, the median diameter (D50) which is an average particle diameter was 3.1 ⁇ m.
- a spread carbon fiber bundle was produced in the same manner as in Example C2-1 except that the spread impregnation solution produced in Example C2-2 was used.
- the average particle size of the carbon allotrope particles was 4 ⁇ m.
- a fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example C2-1 except that the opened carbon fiber bundle produced in Example C2-2 was used, to obtain a laminate.
- the flexural modulus and flexural strength of the obtained laminate were measured in the same manner as in Example 2-1. The measurement results were as shown in Table C2 below.
- Example C2-3 Provide of open-fiber impregnation solution> Monomer consisting of 10 parts by weight of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 4 parts by weight of 40% by weight aqueous solution of methylamine, and 8 parts by weight of formalin (content of formaldehyde: 37% by weight), ethanol water as a solvent (content of ethanol: 50 mass%) 600 mass parts were uniformly mixed, and the spreading impregnation liquid which melt
- silica particles manufactured by JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Co., Ltd., trade name “ESPERIQUE N 150”, average particle diameter 10 ⁇ m, specific surface area 5 m 2 / g was added to the spreading and impregnating solution.
- a 12K carbon fiber woven fabric 1 was prepared, immersed in the above-mentioned open-fiber impregnation solution and then pulled up, and then heated at 200 ° C. for 2 minutes. By this heating, a polymerization reaction of the naphthoxazine resin and carbonization occur, a carbon allotrope derived from the naphthoxazine resin is generated, and an open carbon fiber bundle is obtained.
- the total adhesion amount of the silica particles and the carbon allotrope in the opened carbon fiber bundle was 1% by mass.
- the average particle size of the coated particles was 6 ⁇ m.
- a fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example C2-1 except that the opened carbon fiber bundle produced in Example C2-3 was used, to obtain a laminate.
- the flexural modulus and the flexural strength of the obtained laminate were measured in the same manner as in Example C2-1. The measurement results were as shown in Table C2 below.
- Comparative Example C2-1 ⁇ Production and evaluation of fiber reinforced composites> A prepreg was produced in the same manner as in Example C2-3 except that the 12K carbon fiber woven fabric 1 not subjected to the fiber opening treatment was used.
- a fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example C2-1 except that the carbon fiber bundle produced in Comparative Example C2-1 was used, to obtain a laminate.
- the flexural modulus and the flexural strength of the obtained laminate were measured in the same manner as in Example C2-1.
- the measurement results were as shown in Table C2 below.
- R CF represents the carbon fiber content (volume%) in the fiber reinforced composite material.
- Example C3-1 A fiber reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example C2-1 except that the PP resin film was changed to a PC resin film, and the mold temperature was changed to 270 ° C.
- a plurality of the obtained fiber-reinforced composite materials were stacked, and heat fusion was integrated to produce a laminate.
- the flexural modulus and flexural strength of the obtained laminate were measured in accordance with JIS K7074. The measurement results were as shown in Table C3 below.
- Example C3-2 A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced by the same method as in Example C2-2 except that the PP resin film was changed to a PC resin film and the mold temperature was changed to 270 ° C., to obtain a laminate.
- the flexural modulus and the flexural strength of the obtained laminate were measured in the same manner as in Example C3-1. The measurement results were as shown in Table C3 below.
- Example C3-3 A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced by the same method as in Example C2-3 except that the PP resin film was changed to a PC resin film, and the mold temperature was changed to 270 ° C., to obtain a laminate.
- the flexural modulus and the flexural strength of the obtained laminate were measured in the same manner as in Example C3-1. The measurement results were as shown in Table C3 below.
- Comparative Example C3-1 A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced by the same method as Comparative Example C2-1 except that the PP resin film was changed to a PC resin film and the mold temperature was changed to 270 ° C., to obtain a laminate.
- the flexural modulus and the flexural strength of the obtained laminate were measured in the same manner as in Example C3-1.
- the measurement results were as shown in Table C3 below.
- R CF represents the carbon fiber content (volume%) in the fiber reinforced composite material.
- Example D1 Preparation of open carbon fiber bundle> Monomer consisting of 10 parts by weight of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 4 parts by weight of 40% by weight aqueous solution of methylamine, and 8 parts by weight of formalin (content of formaldehyde: 37% by weight), ethanol water as a solvent (content of ethanol: The monomer solution was prepared by uniformly mixing with 50 parts by mass) and 800 parts by mass to prepare a monomer solution.
- a carbon fiber woven fabric (number of carbon fibers: 3000, average diameter of carbon fibers: 7 ⁇ m, fabric weight: 200 g / m 2, thickness: 0.19 mm, plain weave) composed of PAN-based carbon fiber bundles is prepared. And then pulled up, and then heated at 200 ° C. for 2 minutes. By this heating, a polymerization reaction of the naphthoxazine resin and carbonization occur to generate an amorphous carbon derived from the naphthoxazine resin, and a woven fabric of an open carbon fiber bundle is obtained. The total adhesion amount of the organic particles and the carbon allotrope in the opened carbon fiber bundle was 1% by mass.
- PC polycarbonate
- the polycarbonate resin is extruded into a film, and the molten polycarbonate resin film is laminated on the woven fabric obtained from the open carbon fiber bundle obtained above, and then heated for 15 minutes at a pressure of 3 MPa while heating at 270 ° C.
- the polycarbonate resin was impregnated into the spread carbon fiber bundle by compression and compression to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced composite having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m.
- the content of carbon fiber was 50% by volume.
- a plurality of the obtained carbon fiber reinforced composites were stacked, and heat fusion was integrated to prepare a laminate.
- Simple bending test combining the bending strength of the obtained laminate with a lever type small manual measurement (stand made by Imada Co., Ltd. Stand No .: SVL-1000N) and a digital force gauge (made by Imada Co., Ltd. No .: DSV-1000N) It measured by the apparatus (Indenter: diameter 4 mm, test method: 3-point bending test).
- the measured specimens were 0.4 mm in thickness, 0.5 mm in width, 15 mm in width, 40 mm in length, and the five specimens were measured with the distance between supporting points being 16 mm, and the bending stress was calculated from the maximum test force obtained. .
- the measurement results were as shown in Table D1 below.
- Example D2 Preparation of open carbon fiber bundle> An open carbon fiber bundle was prepared in the same manner as in Example D1, except that particles composed of a divinylbenzene crosslinked polymer having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m (trade name "Micropearl SP" manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were used. Fabric made of The total adhesion amount of the organic particles and the carbon allotrope in the opened carbon fiber bundle was 1% by mass. In addition, as a result of measuring the diameter of any 10 coated organic particles in the optical microscope image, the average was 11 ⁇ m.
- Example D1 A carbon fiber reinforced composite was produced in the same manner as in Example D1, except that the woven fabric made of the opened carbon fiber bundle of Example D2 was used. A laminate was produced from the carbon fiber reinforced composite of Example D2 in the same manner as Example D1, and a bending strength was produced. The measurement results were as shown in Table D1 below.
- Comparative Example D1 Preparation and evaluation of carbon fiber reinforced composite> A carbon fiber reinforced composite was produced in the same manner as in Example D1, except that unopened carbon fiber bundles were used. A laminate was produced from the carbon fiber reinforced composite of Comparative Example D1 in the same manner as Example D1, and a bending strength was produced. The measurement results were as shown in Table D1 below.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 複数の強化繊維を含む強化繊維束であって、
前記強化繊維の間に炭素同素体を含む架橋部を有する、強化繊維束。
[2] 前記炭素同素体が無定形炭素を含む、[1]に記載の強化繊維束。
[3] 前記架橋部は、複数の炭素同素体粒子が結合して形成されている、[1]または[2]に記載の強化繊維束。
[4] 前記架橋部は、熱硬化性樹脂、金属、シリカ、または熱可塑性樹脂からなる粒子を含む[1]~[3]の何れかに記載の強化繊維束。
[5] 前記強化繊維は、一方向に配向しているかまたは織物の形態である、[1]~[5]の何れか1項に記載の強化繊維束。
[6] 強化繊維が炭素繊維を含む、[1]~[5]の何れか1項に記載の強化繊維束。
[7] 熱硬化性樹脂、金属、シリカ、または熱可塑性樹脂からなる粒子の何れか一種以上を含む繊維前処理液と、複数の強化繊維とを接触させて含浸繊維束を製造する含浸工程と、
前記含浸繊維束を加熱して熱硬化性樹脂を炭素同素体とする炭素化工程とを含む、強化繊維束の製造方法。
[8] 前記繊維前処理液は、重合反応によって熱硬化性樹脂を生成するモノマーをさらに含む、[7]に記載の方法。
[9] 炭素繊維からなる経糸束および緯糸束から形成され、前記炭素繊維の間に、前記炭素繊維とは異なる炭素同素体を含む架橋部を有する、強化繊維開繊織物。
[10] 前記架橋部は、熱硬化性樹脂、金属、シリカ、または熱可塑性樹脂からなる粒子を含む、[9]に記載の強化繊維開繊織物。
[11] 前記炭素同素体が無定形炭素を含む、[9]または[10]に記載の強化繊維開繊織物。
[12] 前記炭素同素体がアモルファスカーボンである、[9]~[11]の何れかに記載の強化繊維開繊織物。
[13] 炭素繊維からなる経糸束および緯糸束から形成される強化繊維織物を準備する工程、
前記強化繊維織物を、重合反応によって熱硬化性樹脂を生成するモノマーが含まれる開繊溶液に接触させる含浸工程、および
前記含浸工程により前記モノマーを含む強化繊維織物を加熱して、前記炭素繊維の間に、前記炭素繊維とは異なる炭素同素体を含む架橋部を形成する炭素化工程、
を含む、強化繊維開繊織物の製造方法。
[14] 前記開繊溶液が、さらに熱硬化性樹脂、金属、シリカ、または熱可塑性樹脂からなる粒子の何れか一種以上を含む、[13]に記載の方法。
[15] 前記炭素化工程の後にさらに、乾燥工程を含む、[13]または[14]に記載の方法。
[16] 前記の各工程を経て製造された前記強化繊維開繊織物の厚みが、前記強化繊維織物の厚みに比べて2%以上増加している、[12]~[15]の何れか一項に記載の方法。
[17] [1]~[6]の何れか一項に記載の強化繊維束または[9]~[12]の何れか一項に記載の強化繊維開繊織物と、マトリックス樹脂とを含む繊維強化複合体。
[18] 前記マトリックス樹脂が熱可塑性樹脂である、[17]に記載の繊維強化複合体。
[19] [1]~[6]の何れか一項に記載の強化繊維束または[9]~[12]の何れか一項に記載の強化繊維開繊織物に、マトリックス樹脂を含ませる加熱含浸工程を含む、繊維強化複合体の製造方法。
モノマー転化率(%)=100×熱硬化性樹脂粒子の質量
<繊維前処理液の作製>
ジヒドロキシナフタレン10質量部、メチルアミン4質量部およびホルマリン(ホルムアルデヒドの含有量:37質量%)8質量部を含むモノマーと、溶媒としてエタノール水(エタノールの含有量:50質量%)600質量部とを均一に混合して、モノマーを溶解してなるモノマー溶液を作製した。
開繊前の繊維束として、PAN系炭素繊維束(炭素繊維数:3000本、炭素繊維の繊維径:7μm、目付:200g/m2、厚み:0.19mm)を平織りしてなる平織物(台湾プラスチック社製 商品名「EC3C」)を用意した。
次に、マトリックス樹脂としてメタクリル樹脂(住友化学社製 商品名「MH」)を用意し、メタクリル樹脂をフィルム状に押出し、溶融状態のメタクリル樹脂フィルムを強化繊維束上に積層した後に、250℃に加熱しながら1MPaの圧力で3分間に亘って圧縮することによりメタクリル樹脂を強化繊維束中に含浸させて、厚みが250μmの繊維強化複合体を得た。なお、繊維強化複合体中において、強化繊維束の含有量は、40質量%であった。
50質量%エタノール水(和光純薬社製 商品名「057-00456」)20質量部、1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタレン(和光純薬社製 商品名「048-02342」)2.0質量部、40質量%メチルアミン水溶液(和光純薬社製 商品名「132-01857」)1.0質量部および37質量%のホルムアルデヒド水溶液(和光純薬社製 商品名「064-00406」)2.0質量部をこの順番でビーカーに供給して攪拌することでモノマー溶液を作製した。
ポリ塩化ビニル板(タキロン社製、厚み:4mm)の両面に繊維強化複合体を熱融着一体化させて積層体を作製した。得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度をJIS K7074に準拠して測定した。なお、市販のポリ塩化ビニル板(厚み:3mm)の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度をJIS K7074に準拠して測定したところ、3194MPaおよび93MPaであった。
<繊維前処理液の作製>
まず、1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタレン(和光純薬社製 商品名「048-02342」)10質量部、40質量%メチルアミン水溶液(和光純薬社製 商品名「132-01857」)4質量部および37質量%ホルムアルデヒド水溶液(和光純薬社製 商品名「064-00406」)8質量部を含むモノマーと、溶媒として50質量%エタノール水(和光純薬社製 商品名「057-00456」)600質量部とを均一に混合してモノマー溶液を調製した。
開繊前の繊維束として、PAN系炭素繊維束(束数:3000本、繊維径:7μm、目付:200g/m2)を用い、これを平織りしてなる市販の平織物(台湾プラスチック社製炭素繊維織物 商品名「EC3C」)を準備した。
まず、上記平織物を上記繊維前処理液に含浸させて含浸繊維束を含む炭素繊維織物を作製した。本実施例において、含浸工程は、炭素繊維織物を重合反応によって熱硬化性樹脂を生成するモノマーが含まれる繊維前処理液に接触させる工程である。具体的には、繊維束から構成される平織物を繊維前処理液に接触させた後に、ゴムローラーでピンチすることにより、平織物に繊維前処理液を含浸させた。その後、水平方向にロールで引っ張る処理を行った。目視での観察により、このように繊維前処理液を含浸することによって繊維束は表面張力により処理液を吸収して膨潤し、その後、水平方向にロールで扱うことで、繊維束は水平方向へと開繊した。このように、本実施例においては、繊維前処理液は、開繊溶液と称することができる。
繊維前処理液として、50質量%エタノール水600gを使用した以外は、実施例B1と同様の手順で炭素繊維織物の作製および評価を行った。
比較例A1において使用した繊維前処理液を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の手順で炭素繊維織物の作製および評価を行った。
<炭素繊維強化複合体の作製>
マトリックス樹脂としてポリプロピレン(PP)樹脂(プライムポリマー社製 商品名「J108M」)を用いた。
上記した炭素繊維強化複合体を、複数枚数重ねて、熱融着一体化させて積層体を作製した。得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度をJIS K7074に準拠して測定した。
比較例B1で得られた炭素繊維織物を用いた以外は、実施例B2と同じマトリックス樹脂を用い、実施例B2と同様に、炭素繊維複合体を作製し、これを用いて得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度を測定した。
<炭素繊維強化複合体の作製>
マトリックス樹脂としてポリカーボネート(PC)樹脂(住友アクリル販売社製、フィルム厚み75μm、品番「C000」)を用いた。
上記した炭素繊維強化複合体を、複数枚数重ねて、熱融着一体化させて積層体を作製した。得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度をJIS K7074に準拠して測定した。
比較例B1で得られた炭素繊維織物を用いた以外は、実施例B3と同じマトリックス樹脂を用い、実施例B3と同様に、炭素繊維複合体を作製し、これを用いて得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度を測定した。
<炭素繊維強化複合体の作製>
マトリックス樹脂としてポリメタクリル酸メチル(PMMA)樹脂フィルム(住友アクリル販売社製、フィルム厚み75μm 品番「S001G」)を用いた。
上記した炭素繊維強化複合体を、複数枚数重ねて、熱融着一体化させて積層体を作製した。得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度をJIS K7074に準拠して測定した。
比較例B1で得られた炭素繊維織物を用いた以外は、実施例B4と同じマトリックス樹脂を用い、実施例B4と同様に、炭素繊維複合体を作製し、これを用いて得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度を測定した。
<炭素繊維織物の準備>
12K炭素繊維織物1:PAN系炭素繊維束(フィラメント数:12000本)を綾織平織してなる、目付量:400g/m2、厚み:0.575mmの織物(台湾プラスチック社製 商品名「ECCN」)、および
12K炭素繊維織物2:PAN系炭素繊維束(フィラメント数:12000本)を平織してなる、目付量:192g/m2、厚み:0.21mmの織物(東レ社製 商品名「トレカクロスCK6273C」)
を準備した。
ポリプロピレン(PP)樹脂(プライムポリマー社製 商品名「J108M」)を100質量部と、マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン(三洋化成工業株式会社製、商品名「ユーメックス1010」)を10質量部とを混合し、押出機にて溶融混練して製膜化したPP樹脂フィルム、および
ポリカーボネート(PC)樹脂フィルム(住友化学株式会社製 商品名「テクノロイC000」)
を準備した。
次に、該積層体を内寸が200×200mm角の穴の開いた口の字状スペーサー内に配置し、平板金型を用いて、常温から200℃まで加熱、200℃で10分保持、さらに2MPaの圧力で10分間に亘って加熱加圧を行った。その後、同じ圧力を保持したまま約30分かけて冷却し、金型を開放しプリプレグを得た。
該プリプレグにおいて、縦方向および横方法を含め、最もピッチ幅が広くなっている部分を定規で測定した。その結果を表C1に示す。
マトリックス樹脂をPC樹脂フィルムに変更し、金型温度を270℃にしたこと以外は、実施例C1-1と同様の条件でプリプレグを製造した。ピッチ幅の測定結果を表C1に示す。
12K炭素繊維織物2に変更したこと以外は、実施例C1-1と同様の条件でプリプレグを製造した。ピッチ幅の測定結果を表C1に示す。
12K炭素繊維織物2に変更したこと以外は、実施例C1-2と同様の条件でプリプレグを製造した。ピッチ幅の測定結果を表C1に示す。
<開繊含浸液の作製>
1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタレン(和光純薬社製 商品名「048-02342」)10質量部、メチルアミン(和光純薬社製 商品名「132-01857」)4質量部、およびホルマリン(ホルムアルデヒドの含有量:37質量%、和光純薬社製 商品名「064-00406」)8質量部を含むモノマーと、溶媒としてエタノール水(エタノールの含有量:50質量%、和光純薬社製 商品名「057-00456」)600質量部とを均一に混合して、モノマーを溶解してなる開繊含浸液を作製した。
12K炭素繊維織物1に開繊含浸液を含浸させて含浸繊維束を作製した。12K炭素繊維織物1は、開繊含浸液を含浸することによって膨潤していた。
次に、上記したPP樹脂フィルムと12K炭素繊維織物1とを5層重ね合わせて、常温から200℃まで加熱、200℃で10分保持、さらに2MPaの圧力で10分間に亘って加熱加圧を行った。その後、同じ圧力を保持したまま約30分かけて冷却し、繊維強化複合材を得た。
実施例C2-1で作製した開繊含浸液において、1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタレン12部、メチルアミン11部、ホルマリン6部に変更した以外は実施例C2-1と同様の方法で開繊含浸液を作製した。
実施例C2-2で作製した開繊含浸液を用いたこと以外は、実施例C2-1と同様の方法で開繊炭素繊維束を作製した。炭素同素体粒子の平均粒子径は4μmであった。
<開繊含浸液の作製>
1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタレン10質量部、40質量%メチルアミン水溶液4質量部、およびホルマリン(ホルムアルデヒドの含有量:37質量%)8質量部からなるモノマーと、溶媒としてエタノール水(エタノールの含有量:50質量%)600質量部とを均一に混合して、モノマーを溶解してなる開繊含浸液を作製した。
続いて、12K炭素繊維織物1を用意し、上記の開繊含浸液に浸漬した後に引き上げ、その後、200℃で2分間加熱した。この加熱によって、ナフトキサジン樹脂の重合反応と、炭化が生じ、ナフトキサジン樹脂由来の炭素同素体が生成し、開繊炭素繊維束が得られた。開繊炭素繊維束におけるシリカ粒子および炭素同素体の合計付着量は、1質量%であった。また、被膜粒子の平均粒子径は6μmであった。
実施例C2-3で作製した開繊炭素繊維束を用いたこと以外は、実施例C2-1と同様の方法で繊維強化複合材を作製し積層体を得た。得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度について、実施例C2-1と同様にして測定した。測定結果は、下記表C2に示される通りであった。
<繊維強化複合材の製造および評価>
開繊処理を行っていない12K炭素繊維織物1を用いたこと以外は、実施例C2-3と同様の方法でプリプレグを作製した。
PP樹脂フィルムをPC樹脂フィルムに変更し、金型温度を270℃とした以外は実施例C2-1と同様の方法で繊維強化複合材を作製した。
PP樹脂フィルムをPC樹脂フィルムに変更し、金型温度を270℃とした以外は実施例C2-2と同様の方法で繊維強化複合材を作製し積層体を得た。得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度について、実施例C3-1と同様にして測定した。測定結果は、下記表C3に示される通りであった。
PP樹脂フィルムをPC樹脂フィルムに変更し、金型温度を270℃とした以外は実施例C2-3と同様の方法で繊維強化複合材を作製し積層体を得た。得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度について、実施例C3-1と同様にして測定した。測定結果は、下記表C3に示される通りであった。
PP樹脂フィルムをPC樹脂フィルムに変更し、金型温度を270℃とした以外は比較例C2-1と同様の方法で繊維強化複合材を作製し積層体を得た。得られた積層体の曲げ弾性率および曲げ強度について、実施例C3-1と同様にして測定した。測定結果は、下記表C3に示される通りであった。なお、表中、RCFとは、繊維強化複合材に占める炭素繊維含有率(体積%)を表す。
<開繊炭素繊維束の作製>
1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタレン10質量部、40質量%メチルアミン水溶液4質量部、およびホルマリン(ホルムアルデヒドの含有量:37質量%)8質量部からなるモノマーと、溶媒としてエタノール水(エタノールの含有量:50質量%)800質量部とを均一に混合して、モノマーを溶解してなるモノマー溶液を作製した。
マトリックス樹脂としてポリカーボネート(PC)樹脂(エスカーボシート株式会社製 商品名「TECHNOLLOY C000」)を用いた。ポリカーボネート樹脂をフィルム状に押出し、溶融状態のポリカーボネート樹脂フィルムを、上記で得られた開繊炭素繊維束からなる織物上に積層し、その後、270℃に加熱しながら3MPaの圧力で15分間に亘って圧縮することにより、ポリカーボネート樹脂を開繊炭素繊維束中に含浸させて、厚みが400μmの炭素繊維強化複合体を得た。なお、炭素繊維強化複合体中において、炭素繊維の含有量は、50体積%であった。
<開繊炭素繊維束の作製>
平均粒径が10μmのジビニルベンゼン架橋重合体からなる粒子(積水化学工業株式会社社製、商品名「ミクロパールSP」)を用いたこと以外は、実施例D1と同様にして開繊炭素繊維束からなる織物を製造した。開繊炭素繊維束における有機粒子および炭素同素体の合計付着量は、1質量%であった。また、光学顕微鏡画像における任意の10点の被膜有機粒子の直径を測定した結果、その平均は11μmであった。
実施例D2の開繊炭素繊維束からなる織物を用いたこと以外は、実施例D1と同様にして炭素繊維強化複合体を作製した。実施例D1と同様にして、実施例D2の炭素繊維強化複合体から積層体を作製し、曲げ強度を作製した。測定結果は、下記表D1に示される通りであった。
<炭素繊維強化複合体の作製および評価>
開繊されていない炭素繊維束を用いたこと以外は、実施例D1と同様にして炭素繊維強化複合体を作製した。実施例D1と同様にして、比較例D1の炭素繊維強化複合体から積層体を作製し、曲げ強度を作製した。測定結果は、下記表D1に示される通りであった。
可能であると理解されるべきである。
Claims (19)
- 複数の強化繊維を含む強化繊維束であって、
前記強化繊維の間に炭素同素体を含む架橋部を有する、強化繊維束。 - 前記炭素同素体が無定形炭素を含む、請求項1に記載の強化繊維束。
- 前記架橋部は、複数の炭素同素体粒子が結合して形成されている、請求項1または請求項2に記載の強化繊維束。
- 前記架橋部は、熱硬化性樹脂、金属、シリカ、または熱可塑性樹脂からなる粒子を含む、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の強化繊維束。
- 前記強化繊維は、一方向に配向しているかまたは織物の形態である、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の強化繊維束。
- 強化繊維が炭素繊維を含む、請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の強化繊維束。
- 熱硬化性樹脂、金属、シリカ、または熱可塑性樹脂からなる粒子の何れか一種以上を含む繊維前処理液と、複数の強化繊維とを接触させて含浸繊維束を製造する含浸工程と、
前記含浸繊維束を加熱して熱硬化性樹脂を炭素同素体とする炭素化工程とを含む、強化繊維束の製造方法。 - 前記繊維前処理液は、重合反応によって熱硬化性樹脂を生成するモノマーをさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 炭素繊維からなる経糸束および緯糸束から形成され、前記炭素繊維の間に、前記炭素繊維とは異なる炭素同素体を含む架橋部を有する、強化繊維開繊織物。
- 前記架橋部は、熱硬化性樹脂、金属、シリカ、または熱可塑性樹脂からなる粒子を含む、請求項9に記載の強化繊維開繊織物。
- 前記炭素同素体が無定形炭素を含む、請求項9または10に記載の強化繊維開繊織物。
- 前記炭素同素体がアモルファスカーボンである、請求項9~11の何れか一項に記載の強化繊維開繊織物。
- 炭素繊維からなる経糸束および緯糸束から形成される強化繊維織物を準備する工程、
前記強化繊維織物を、重合反応によって熱硬化性樹脂を生成するモノマーが含まれる開繊溶液に接触させる含浸工程、および
前記含浸工程により前記モノマーを含む強化繊維織物を加熱して、前記炭素繊維の間に、前記炭素繊維とは異なる炭素同素体を含む架橋部を形成する炭素化工程、
を含む、強化繊維開繊織物の製造方法。 - 前記開繊溶液が、さらに熱硬化性樹脂、金属、シリカ、または熱可塑性樹脂からなる粒子の何れか一種以上を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素化工程の後にさらに、乾燥工程を含む、請求項13または14に記載の方法。
- 前記の各工程を経て製造された前記強化繊維開繊織物の厚みが、前記強化繊維織物の厚みに比べて2%以上増加している、請求項12~15の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の強化繊維束または請求項9~12の何れか一項に記載の強化繊維開繊織物と、マトリックス樹脂とを含む繊維強化複合体。
- 前記マトリックス樹脂が熱可塑性樹脂である、請求項17に記載の繊維強化複合体。
- 請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の強化繊維束または請求項9~12の何れか一項に記載の強化繊維開繊織物に、マトリックス樹脂を含ませる加熱含浸工程を含む、繊維強化複合体の製造方法。
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JP7563917B2 (ja) | 2020-03-03 | 2024-10-08 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | ポリ塩化ビニル系炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
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