WO2019054469A1 - エタノールの製造方法およびエタノール発酵液 - Google Patents
エタノールの製造方法およびエタノール発酵液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019054469A1 WO2019054469A1 PCT/JP2018/034116 JP2018034116W WO2019054469A1 WO 2019054469 A1 WO2019054469 A1 WO 2019054469A1 JP 2018034116 W JP2018034116 W JP 2018034116W WO 2019054469 A1 WO2019054469 A1 WO 2019054469A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/001—Processes specially adapted for distillation or rectification of fermented solutions
- B01D3/002—Processes specially adapted for distillation or rectification of fermented solutions by continuous methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/02—Separating microorganisms from their culture media
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing ethanol using a fermentation material containing cane molasses as a main component, and an ethanol fermentation liquid.
- molasses As a method for producing ethanol, it is possible to obtain as a culture product by microorganisms from glucose, which is a 6-carbon sugar purified from edible biomass such as corn, and molasses (cane molasses) produced in the process of purifying sugar from sugar cane. It is common. Cane molasses is consumed as a large amount of ethanol fermentation material in sugar producing countries such as Brazil and Thailand, and is an important fermentation material.
- Patent Document 1 a batch fermentation method, a fed-batch fermentation method or a continuous fermentation method is used as a method for producing ethanol by microbial culture, but in Patent Document 1, the production rate and yield of ethanol are improved by the continuous fermentation method using a separation membrane. It is disclosed that. On the other hand, the patent document does not describe the use of cane molasses-containing raw material. Further, in Patent Document 2, a culture solution obtained by a continuous fermentation method in which a plurality of fermenters are connected is centrifuged to be divided into a microorganism and an ethanol fermentation solution, and the ethanol fermentation solution from which the microorganism is removed is distilled, The method of returning to a fermenter is disclosed. On the other hand, in this patent document, although cane molasses containing raw material is used, the separation membrane is not used. It is common for the ethanol fermentation liquid thus obtained to concentrate and purify ethanol by subsequent distillation.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method of extinguishing bubbles by providing a stirring shaft at the bottom of a distillation column and rotating a stirring blade in order to suppress foaming during distillation.
- the distillation column needs to periodically clean the dirt that adheres during operation, the working parts and complicated structures are disliked, so the situation where you can not but rely on the addition of an antifoamer to suppress foaming Met.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of distilling without adding an antifoaming agent at the time of distillation, and such an ethanol fermented liquid.
- the present invention is as the following (1) to (8).
- the microorganism is cultured with a fermentation raw material containing cane molasses as a main component, the culture solution is filtered through a separation membrane to recover the ethanol-containing filtrate from which the microorganism has been separated, and the non-filtrate containing the microorganism is In the ethanol continuous fermentation step of maintaining or refluxing the reaction solution and adding the fermentation raw material to the culture solution, and the step of concentrating and purifying the ethanol-containing filtrate recovered in the continuous fermentation step by ethanol.
- the microorganism is a microorganism in which particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or more are contained in the centrifugal supernatant of the culture solution, and the particles formed by the microorganism culture contained in the ethanol-containing filtrate have an average particle diameter of 40 to 80 nm. Is the way.
- the ethanol-containing filtrate recovered in the ethanol continuous fermentation step or the ethanol fermentation even if it is an ethanol fermentation liquid using a fermentation raw material containing cane molasses having effervescence as a main component during distillation
- foaming at the time of distillation can be remarkably suppressed, and stable bioethanol production by distillation becomes possible.
- the present invention relates to an ethanol continuous fermentation process using a separation membrane by microorganisms, wherein particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or more are contained in a centrifugal supernatant of a culture solution containing cane molasses as a main component and a fermentation broth,
- the present invention relates to a method for producing ethanol, which includes the step of concentrating and purifying the ethanol filtrate collected in step b) by distillation, and an ethanol fermentation solution containing particles of a specific average particle size formed by microbial culture.
- the method for producing ethanol of the present invention will be described step by step, and the features of the ethanol fermentation liquid of the present invention will be described.
- the microorganism used in the present invention is a microorganism having an ability to produce ethanol, and when the microorganism is cultured with a fermentation material containing cane molasses as a main component, the average particle size in the centrifugal supernatant of the culture solution There is no particular limitation as long as it is a microorganism containing particles of 100 nm or more.
- Preferred specific examples of such microorganisms include yeasts such as baker's yeast often used in the fermentation industry, bacteria such as Escherichia coli and coryneform bacteria, filamentous fungi, actinomycetes and the like.
- the microorganism producing ethanol is yeast.
- yeast for example, Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces), Kluyveromyces (Kluyveromyces), and Schizosaccharomyces (Shizosaccharomyces) are preferable.
- yeast belonging to the genus Shizosaccharomyces is preferred, and Shizosaccharomyces pombe, Shizosaccharomyces japonicus, Shizosaccharomyces octosporus or Shizosaccharomyces cryophilus can be suitably used.
- the particle means an insoluble particulate matter other than the microorganism contained in a culture solution obtained by culturing with a fermentation raw material containing cane molasses as a main component.
- the measurement of the average particle size of the particles present in the culture solution is performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS, photon correlation method). Specifically, the autocorrelation function is determined by Cumulant analysis from the fluctuation of the scattering intensity obtained by the measurement by the dynamic light scattering method, and after converting into the particle size distribution for the scattering intensity, the analysis range minimum value is 1 nm. The maximum value is converted to an average particle diameter of 5000 nm.
- ELS-Z2 of Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. is used.
- microorganisms are also present as particles in the culture solution
- the microorganisms are precipitated by centrifuging the culture solution at room temperature under conditions of 1000 G for 10 minutes, and the average particles of particles contained in the centrifugation supernatant Measure the diameter.
- the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the culture solution is 100 nm or more, preferably 300 nm or more, and more preferably 300 to 1500 nm.
- the ethanol of the present invention can be obtained as shown in the following examples. The unexpected superior effect that foaming when the ethanol-containing filtrate recovered in the continuous fermentation process is subjected to distillation is brought about is brought about.
- the upper limit of the average particle size of the particles is not particularly limited as long as the filtration flux is not reduced by the occurrence of membrane clogging, but the upper limit is the average particle size of particles which do not precipitate with microorganisms even by the centrifugation.
- the upper limit is 1500 nm.
- Cane molasses is a by-product produced in the process of sugar production from sugarcane juice or crude sugar. Specifically, it refers to a crystallization mother liquor containing a sugar component remaining after crystallization in the crystallization step in the sugar production process.
- the crystallization step is usually performed a plurality of times, and the first sugar which is the crystal component obtained by performing the first crystallization, and further the crystallization of the remaining liquid of the first sugar (No.
- Crystallization is repeated as in the second sugar which is the crystal component obtained by performing the crystallization, and the third sugar obtained by further crystallizing the remaining liquid of the second sugar (the second molasses),
- the final stage of molasses obtained as mother liquor is called cane molasses.
- inorganic salts other than sugar components are concentrated in cane molasses.
- the cane molasses used in the present invention is preferably cane molasses after a large number of times of crystallization, and is cane molasses remaining after at least two or more times, more preferably three or more times of crystallization. preferable.
- the sugar component contained in cane molasses contains sucrose, glucose, and fructose as main components, and may contain some other sugar components such as xylose and galactose.
- the sugar concentration in cane molasses is generally about 200 to 800 g / L.
- the sugar concentration in cane molasses can be quantified by known measurement methods such as HPLC.
- Fermentation raw materials include all the nutrients necessary for the growth of microorganisms.
- the fermentation raw material used in the present invention may contain cane molasses as a main component, and in addition, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic salts and, if necessary, organic trace nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins are appropriately added. May be
- the fermentation material containing cane molasses as a main component means that 50% by weight or more of the substances (excluding water) contained in the fermentation material is cane molasses.
- saccharides such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, lactose, corn starch saccharified solution containing these saccharides, sweet sucrose molasses, sugar beet molasses, high test molasses, organic acids such as acetic acid, and alcohols such as ethanol
- saccharides such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, lactose
- corn starch saccharified solution containing these saccharides sweet sucrose molasses, sugar beet molasses, high test molasses
- organic acids such as acetic acid
- alcohols such as ethanol
- Cellulose-containing biomass-derived sugar solution is preferably used in addition to the group, glycerin and the like.
- cellulose-containing biomass examples include grass-based biomass such as bagasse, switch grass, corn stover, rice straw, and straw, and wood-based biomass such as trees and waste building materials.
- grass-based biomass such as bagasse, switch grass, corn stover, rice straw, and straw
- wood-based biomass such as trees and waste building materials.
- the cellulose-containing biomass contains cellulose or hemicellulose, which is a polysaccharide obtained by dehydration condensation of sugars, and hydrolysis of such a polysaccharide produces a sugar solution that can be used as a fermentation raw material.
- a method of hydrolyzing biomass to produce a sugar liquid using subcritical water at about 250 to 500 ° C. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-212888
- biomass treated with subcritical water a method of producing a sugar solution by further performing an enzyme treatment
- a biomass is subjected to hydrolysis treatment with pressurized hot water at 240 to 280 ° C., and then subjected to a further enzyme treatment to give a sugar solution
- a method of producing Japanese Patent No. 3041380. After the above treatment, the obtained sugar solution and cane molasses may be mixed and purified.
- the method is disclosed, for example, in WO 2012/118171.
- Nitrogen sources include ammonia gas, ammonia water, ammonium salts, urea, nitrates, and other organic nitrogen sources that are used supplementary, such as oil syrups, soybean hydrolysate, casein hydrolysates, other amino acids, vitamins, corn A steep liquor, yeast or yeast extract, peptides such as meat extract, peptone, various fermented microorganisms and their hydrolysates are used.
- inorganic salts phosphates, magnesium salts, calcium salts, iron salts, manganese salts and the like can be added as appropriate.
- the nutrient can be added and used as a preparation or a natural product containing it.
- the ethanol continuous fermentation process using the microorganism and the fermentation raw material is a continuous fermentation process using a separation membrane, and specifically, the culture solution is filtered through the separation membrane to recover an ethanol-containing filtrate from which the microorganism is separated, Furthermore, it is a continuous fermentation process characterized by maintaining or refluxing a non-filtrate containing a microorganism in a culture solution and adding a fermentation raw material to the culture solution.
- the separation membrane used in the ethanol continuous fermentation step is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of separating and filtering the fermentation liquid obtained by culturing the microorganism from the microorganism, and as the material, for example, a porous ceramic membrane, Although a porous glass membrane, a porous organic polymer membrane, a metal fiber woven fabric, a non-woven fabric and the like can be used, among these, a porous organic polymer membrane or a ceramic membrane is particularly preferable.
- the separation membrane As a structure of the said separation membrane, it is preferable that it is a separation membrane which contains a porous resin layer as a functional layer, for example from the point of dirt resistance.
- the separation membrane containing a porous resin layer preferably has a porous resin layer acting as a separation functional layer on the surface of the porous substrate.
- the porous substrate supports the porous resin layer to give strength to the separation membrane.
- the porous resin layer does not permeate the porous substrate even if the porous resin layer penetrates the porous substrate. Either way is fine.
- the average thickness of the porous substrate is preferably 50 to 3000 ⁇ m.
- the material of the porous substrate is made of an organic material and / or an inorganic material or the like, and an organic fiber is preferably used.
- Preferred porous substrates are woven or non-woven fabrics made of organic fibers such as cellulose fibers, cellulose triacetate fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers and polyethylene fibers, and more preferably density control is relatively easy and production is also easy And inexpensive non-woven fabrics are used.
- an organic polymer film can be suitably used as the porous resin layer.
- the material of the organic polymer film include polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, polysulfone resin, polyether sulfone resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, cellulose resin, Cellulose triacetate resin etc. are mentioned.
- the organic polymer film may be a mixture of resins composed mainly of these resins.
- the main component means that the component is contained in an amount of 50% by weight or more, preferably 60% by weight or more.
- the material of the organic polymer film is polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, polysulfone resin, polyether sulfone resin, which is easy to form a film by solution and is excellent also in physical durability and chemical resistance
- Polyacrylonitrile-based resins are preferred, and polyvinylidene fluoride-based resins or resins containing them as the main component are most preferably used.
- polyvinylidene fluoride resin a homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride is preferably used. Furthermore, as the polyvinylidene fluoride resin, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and a copolymerizable vinyl monomer is also preferably used. Examples of vinyl monomers copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride include tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and trichlorofluoroethylene.
- the separation membrane should have a pore diameter through which the microorganism used for culture can not pass, but clogging with the secretion of the microorganism used for culture and the fine particles in the fermentation raw material is unlikely to occur, and filtration is also possible. It is desirable that the performance be in a stable range for a long time. Therefore, the average pore diameter of the porous separation membrane is preferably 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m. Furthermore, more preferably, when the average pore diameter of the separation membrane is 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m, a high rejection rate without causing the leakage of microorganisms and a high water permeability can be compatible, and the water permeability can be long Can be held.
- the average pore size of the separation membrane is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the average pore size of the separation membrane is preferably not too large compared to the size of the microorganism in order to prevent the occurrence of the leakage of the microorganism, that is, the occurrence of a defect in which the rejection rate decreases.
- the average pore diameter is preferably 0.4 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the average pore size of the separation membrane in the present invention is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more. More preferably, it is 0.02 micrometer or more, More preferably, it is 0.04 micrometer or more.
- the average pore diameter can be determined by measuring and averaging the diameters of all the pores that can be observed within the range of 9.2 ⁇ m ⁇ 10.4 ⁇ m in scanning electron microscopy at a magnification of 10,000 times. it can.
- For the average pore diameter alternatively, photograph the surface of the membrane at a magnification of 10,000 times using a scanning electron microscope, and randomly select 10 or more pores, preferably 20 or more pores, and measure the diameters of the pores. It can also be determined by number average.
- a circle equivalent circle having an area equal to the area of the pore is determined by an image processing apparatus or the like, and the circle diameter is determined by the equivalent circle diameter.
- the standard deviation ⁇ of the average pore size of the separation membrane is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- N the number of pores observable in the above-mentioned 9.2 ⁇ m ⁇ 10.4 ⁇ m is N
- the standard deviation ⁇ of the average pore diameter is Xk
- the average diameter of the pores is X (ave). The following equation (1) is calculated.
- the permeability of the culture solution is one of the important performances.
- the pure water permeability coefficient of the separation membrane before use can be used as an indicator of the permeability of the separation membrane.
- the pure water permeability coefficient of the separation membrane is calculated by measuring and measuring the water permeability with a head height of 1 m using purified water at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- the pure water permeability coefficient is 5.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 m 3 / m 2 / s / pa or more 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 m 3 / m 2 / s / pa If it is pa or less, practically sufficient water permeability can be obtained.
- the surface roughness is an average value of heights in the direction perpendicular to the surface.
- the surface roughness of the membrane is one of the factors to make it easy for the microorganisms attached to the surface of the separation membrane to be exfoliated by the effect of cleaning the membrane surface by the liquid flow by stirring or a circulation pump.
- the surface roughness of the separation membrane is not particularly limited as long as the microorganisms attached to the membrane and other solids can be peeled off, but it is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less. If the surface roughness is 0.1 ⁇ m or less, the microorganisms attached to the membrane and other solid matter are easily peeled off.
- the membrane surface roughness of the separation membrane is 0.1 ⁇ m or less
- the average pore diameter is 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m
- the pure water permeability coefficient of the separation membrane is 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 m 3 / m 2 /
- the surface roughness of the separation membrane is set to 0.1 ⁇ m or less, continuous fermentation can be performed with a lower transmembrane pressure, and even when the separation membrane is clogged, the operation was performed with a high transmembrane pressure. Compared with the case, the cleaning recovery is good. It is preferable that the surface roughness of the separation membrane be as small as possible, since the prevention of clogging of the separation membrane enables stable continuous fermentation.
- the surface roughness of the separation membrane is measured using the following atomic force microscope (AFM) under the following conditions.
- Apparatus Atomic force microscope apparatus ("Nanoscope IIIa” manufactured by Digital Instruments Co., Ltd.) ⁇ Condition Probe SiN cantilever (manufactured by Digital Instruments) Scanning mode Contact mode (air measurement) Underwater tapping mode (underwater measurement) Scanning range 10 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m square (air measurement) 5 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m square (in water) Scanning resolution 512 ⁇ 512 -Preparation of sample
- the membrane sample was immersed in ethanol at normal temperature for 15 minutes, immersed in RO water for 24 hours, washed, and then air-dried.
- RO water refers to water filtered using a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane), which is a type of filtration membrane, to remove impurities such as ions and salts.
- RO membrane reverse osmosis membrane
- the film surface roughness drough is calculated from the height in the Z-axis direction of each point by the above-mentioned atomic force microscope (AFM) according to the following equation (2).
- the shape of the separation membrane is not particularly limited, and a flat membrane, a hollow fiber membrane and the like can be used, but a hollow fiber membrane is preferable.
- the inner diameter of the hollow fiber is preferably 200 to 5000 ⁇ m, and the film thickness is preferably 20 to 2000 ⁇ m.
- woven or knitted fabric in which organic fibers or inorganic fibers are tubular may be included in the inside of the hollow fiber.
- the separation membrane can be produced, for example, by the production method described in WO2007 / 097260.
- the transmembrane pressure during filtration in the ethanol continuous fermentation step is not particularly limited as long as the culture solution can be filtered. However, if the organic polymer membrane is filtered with a transmembrane pressure higher than 150 kPa in order to filter the culture solution, the structure of the organic polymer membrane is likely to be destroyed and the ability to produce ethanol is lowered. There is something to do. In addition, if the transmembrane pressure difference is less than 0.1 kPa, the amount of permeated water of the culture solution can not be obtained in many cases, and the productivity when producing ethanol tends to decrease.
- the transmembrane pressure which is the filtration pressure is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 150 kPa, whereby the amount of permeated water of the culture solution is large.
- the ability to produce ethanol can be maintained high because there is no decline in the ability to produce ethanol due to the destruction of the structure of
- the transmembrane pressure is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50 kPa, and more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20 kPa, for an organic polymer membrane.
- the temperature in the culture of the yeast may be set to a temperature suitable for the yeast to be used, and is not particularly limited as long as the microorganism is grown, but the temperature is in the range of 20 to 75.degree.
- continuous fermentation filtration of fermentation liquid
- continuous fermentation may be started after batch fermentation or fed-batch fermentation is performed at the initial stage of culture to increase the microorganism concentration.
- high concentration of microorganisms may be seeded and continuous fermentation may be performed at the start of culture.
- the fermentation raw material supply and the filtration of the culture solution may be continuous or intermittent.
- the concentration of the microorganism in the culture solution is preferably high to maintain the productivity of ethanol in order to obtain efficient productivity.
- concentration of the microorganism in the culture solution at, for example, 5 g / L or more as dry weight, good production efficiency can be obtained.
- the microorganism in the fermenter is removed by removing a portion of the culture solution containing the microorganism from the inside of the fermenter and supplying and diluting the fermentation raw material as needed in the middle of the continuous fermentation
- the concentration may be adjusted. For example, if the concentration of microorganisms in the fermenter is too high, the separation membrane is likely to be clogged. Therefore, a portion of the culture solution containing the microorganisms is removed, and the fermentation raw material is supplied and diluted. There are things that can be avoided from In the method for producing ethanol of the present invention, the number of fermentors does not matter.
- the culture solution containing the microorganism is filtered through a separation membrane, ethanol is recovered from the filtrate, and the non-filtrate containing the microorganism is retained or refluxed in the culture solution, and the fermentation raw material
- the apparatus for producing ethanol by continuous fermentation which adds ethanol to the above-mentioned culture solution and recovers ethanol in the filtrate, but specific examples are described in WO2007 / 097260, WO2010 / 038613 The device can be used.
- distillation process As a distillation method of ethanol in the method for producing ethanol of the present invention, batch distillation or continuous distillation, which is an ethanol distillation method known to those skilled in the art, can be applied, but continuous distillation is preferably applied.
- continuous distillation first, the ethanol filtrate vaporized by the heater is continuously introduced into the middle stage of the distillation column. Highly volatile ethanol-rich distillate is continuously obtained from the top of the distillation column, and bottom of the bottom is continuously rich in low-volatile components (impurity such as lactic acid and acetic acid) can get.
- the distillation column is in a steady state by making the combined amount of the continuously obtained distillate and the bottoms the same as that of the continuously supplied raw material.
- a rectification column with high separation performance can be preferably used as the shape of the distillation column.
- the rectification column may be either a tray column or a packed column, but since the ethanol-containing filtrate recovered in the continuous fermentation step in the preceding stage is characterized by having a remarkably low foamability, it has foamability.
- Continuous distillation by a packed column which is difficult to apply but at low equipment costs, can preferably be applied.
- the measurement of the average particle size of the particles present in the ethanol fermentation liquid is performed by a dynamic light scattering method (DLS, photon correlation method).
- the autocorrelation function is determined by Cumulant analysis from the fluctuation of the scattering intensity obtained by the measurement by the dynamic light scattering method, and after converting into the particle size distribution for the scattering intensity, the analysis range minimum value is The average particle diameter is converted to 1 nm and the maximum value is 5000 nm.
- ELS-Z2 of Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. is used for measurement.
- microorganisms may also be present as particles in the ethanol fermentation liquid
- the microorganism is precipitated by centrifuging the room temperature ethanol fermentation liquid under the conditions of 1000 G for 10 minutes. Measure the average particle size of the particles contained in the clean.
- the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the ethanol fermentation liquid is 40 to 80 nm, preferably 50 to 70 nm. Also, the particle size distribution of the particles is preferably in the range of 20 to 100 nm, more preferably in the range of 40 to 90 nm.
- the ethanol fermentation liquid of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the particles, and may be, for example, an ethanol fermentation liquid containing a microorganism immediately after culture of the microorganism or an ethanol fermentation liquid from which the microorganism has been removed. It may be an ethanol fermentation liquid purified and concentrated by a method known to those skilled in the art as appropriate.
- the concentration of ethanol contained in the ethanol fermentation solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 150 g / L, more preferably 50 to 120 g / L, and still more preferably 60 to 100 g / L. .
- the ethanol fermentation liquid of this invention measured the transmittance
- the time value exceeds 91% T, an unexpected superior effect of further suppressing foaming upon being subjected to distillation although the detailed action mechanism is not clear was confirmed in Examples described later. Therefore, regardless of whether the ethanol fermentation liquid of the present invention can be obtained by the above-mentioned continuous ethanol fermentation step, the transmittance of light at a wavelength of 300 nm is adjusted to 0.5 ⁇ 0.1% T with water. It is preferable that the transmittance at a light beam wavelength of 600 nm exceeds 91% T, and more preferably 94% T or more when diluted.
- the transmittance of the ethanol fermentation liquid is a value measured by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Specifically, distilled water is put in a 10 mm square quartz cuvette, and a background of transmittance of light wavelength from 200 nm to 800 nm is measured, and then the ethanol fermented liquid and distilled water are put in an empty cuvette by 300 nm. The mixture is mixed so that the transmittance of the light beam wavelength is 0.5 ⁇ 0.1% T, and the transmittance of the light beam wavelength of 600 nm is measured.
- a UV-visible spectrophotometer in this measurement, a UV-Vis measuring device (V750) manufactured by JASCO Corporation may be used.
- the ethanol fermentation liquid of the present invention is characterized by having a remarkably low foaming property, and thus can be preferably used as a raw material of ethanol for fuel which requires concentration and purification by distillation.
- the effervescent property of ethanol is evaluated by the foam volume of the ethanol fermentation liquid, or the height of the foam when the ethanol fermentation liquid is subjected to a test simulating continuous distillation, as described in detail in the examples below. be able to.
- Example 1 Continuous fermentation using a separation membrane using Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain NBRC 1628.
- Continuous fermentation using a separation membrane using Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain NBRC 1628 as a microorganism and the fermentation raw material of Reference Example 2 as a culture medium Did.
- As the separation membrane element the form of the hollow fiber described in JP-A-2010-22321 was adopted.
- the Schizosaccharomyces pombe NBRC1628 strain was inoculated into a test tube into which 5 ml of the fermentation starting material of Reference Example 2 was added, and shake culture was performed overnight (pre-preculture).
- the obtained culture broth was inoculated into a Erlenmeyer flask into which fresh 45 ml of the fermentation raw material of Reference Example 2 was added, and shake culture was performed at 30 ° C. and 120 rpm for 8 hours (pre-culture).
- 35 mL of 50 mL of preculture liquid is separated, and inoculated into a continuous fermentation apparatus into which 700 mL of the fermentation raw material of Reference Example 2 is charged, and the fermentation reaction tank is stirred at 300 rpm by the attached stirrer and cultured for 24 hours went.
- the culture solution circulation pump was operated to circulate the solution between the separation membrane element and the fermenter.
- the filtration pump was operated to start the withdrawal of the culture solution from the separation membrane element.
- Fermentation reaction tank capacity 2 (L) Used separation membrane: polyvinylidene fluoride filtration membrane separation element Effective filtration area: 218 (cm 2 ) Temperature control: 30 (° C) Fermentation reaction tank aeration: no aeration Fermentation reaction tank agitation speed: 300 (rpm) pH adjustment: Unadjusted filtration flux setting value: 0.1 (m 3 / m 2 / day) Sterilization: The separation membrane element and the fermenter are autoclaved at 121 ° C and 20 min.
- High pressure steam sterilization Average pore size 0.1 ⁇ m Standard deviation of mean pore size: 0.035 ⁇ m Film surface roughness: 0.06 ⁇ m Pure water permeability coefficient: 50 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 m 3 / m 2 / s / pa.
- the Schizosaccharomyces pombe NBRC1628 strain was inoculated into a test tube into which 5 ml of a fermentation raw material shown in Table 1 was added, and shake culture was performed overnight (pre-preculture).
- the obtained culture broth was inoculated into a fresh 45 ml Erlenmeyer flask charged with the fermentation raw material shown in Table 1 and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C., 120 rpm for 8 hours (pre-culture).
- 35 mL of 50 mL of pre-culture liquid is separated and inoculated into a continuous fermentation apparatus into which 700 mL of fermentation raw material shown in Table 1 is charged, and a fermentation reaction tank is stirred at 300 rpm by an attached stirrer, and the following fermentation conditions
- the batch fermentation was performed for 48 hours, and 700 ml of ethanol fermentation liquid (fermentation liquid sample 2) having an ethanol concentration of 58 g / L was obtained.
- Fermentation reaction tank capacity 2 (L) Temperature control: 30 (° C) Fermentation reaction tank aeration: no aeration Fermentation reaction tank agitation speed: 300 (rpm) pH adjustment: no adjustment.
- Reference Example 4 Removal of Microorganisms from Batch Fermentation Liquid Because the fermentation liquid sample 2 obtained in Reference Example 3 contains a microorganism, the microorganism is precipitated by centrifugation at 1000 g for 10 minutes, and the supernatant liquid ( 600 ml of fermented liquid sample 3) was obtained.
- Example 2 Distillation Test of Fermented Liquid Sample A test simulating a state inside the rectification column of continuous distillation was conducted. 300 ml fermented liquid samples 1 to 3 were separately added to a 500 ml round bottom flask, and the round bottom flask was heated by a mantle heater so that the liquid temperature sensor inside the round bottom flask maintained 95 ° C. A cooling condenser was attached to the outlet of the round bottom flask, and the evaporated ethanol was cooled and condensed by circulating cooling water at 4 ° C. to the condenser internal piping. As a result, for the fermented liquid samples 2 and 3, after boil, they quickly and vigorously foamed, and the bubbles reached the cooling condenser. As to one of the fermented liquid sample 1, surprisingly, it did not foam at all even if the distillation state was maintained for 5 hours.
- Example 3 Evaluation of foamability
- the foamability using the measuring cylinder described in "Oil Chemistry Vol. 42, No. 10 (1993) P. 737-734" is used.
- a flow down test was conducted as an evaluation method.
- a 500 ml measuring cylinder was set up, and 50 ml of the fermented solution was initially charged into the measuring cylinder separately from samples 1 to 3, into which 300 ml of samples 1 to 3 were separately dropped from a height of 45 cm, and the resulting foam volume was measured. .
- the foam volume of fermentation liquid sample 1 was zero ml
- the foam volumes of fermentation liquid samples 2 and 3 were 55 ml and 65 ml, respectively.
- Example 4 Particle size distribution in ethanol fermentation liquid and measurement result of average particle size
- the fermentation liquid samples 1 to 3 were centrifuged, and the average particle size of the obtained supernatant was measured. Specifically, each was centrifuged at 1,000 G at room temperature for 10 minutes, and 3 mL of each supernatant was collected. 30 ⁇ L of the collected supernatant was added to 970 ⁇ L of pH 5 citrate buffer for dilution, each diluted solution was placed in a 1 mL volume of disposable, and the average particle size was measured by dynamic light scattering.
- the particle diameter was analyzed in the atmosphere at 25 ° C. using zeta potential and particle measurement system ELS-Z2 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. From the fluctuation of the scattering intensity obtained by dynamic light scattering, the autocorrelation function was determined by cumulant analysis, and converted to the particle size distribution for the scattering intensity.
- the histogram analysis range of the particle size distribution has a minimum value of 1 nm and a maximum value of 5000 nm.
- the obtained particle size distribution results are shown in FIG.
- the expanded particle size distribution of only the fermented liquid sample 1 is shown in FIG.
- Table 2 shows the summary of the average particle size and the foam volume of fermented liquid samples 1 to 3.
- Example 5 Effervescent Property of Ethanol Fermented Liquid Sample
- the effervescent property of the ethanol fermented liquid sample was evaluated in a test simulating continuous distillation.
- a stirrer chip and 3 ml of the above-mentioned fermented liquid samples 1 to 3 were separately added to a test tube made of Tokyo Glass Machinery Co., Ltd. (20 ml transparent with common stoppered test tube scale), and a cooling tube set at 10 ° C. was attached on the top.
- KF-82M magnetic stirrer
- the heating was performed while stirring at 400 ⁇ 20 rpm.
- foaming of more than 7 cm from the liquid surface was observed between 5 and 10 minutes after the start of heating.
- the one fermented liquid sample 1 surprisingly remained completely unfoamed, confirming the same results as the foamability test of Example 3.
- Example 6 Determination of the effervescent threshold of ethanol fermented liquid based on permeability 40 ml each of 80 ml of the prepared fermented liquid prepared in the same manner as sample 2 is put into Falcon 50 ml polypropylene conical tube and centrifuged at 10000 G for 60 minutes , Separated the particles and the supernatant. The sedimented particles were washed three times with water and centrifuged, and after the third centrifugation, the supernatant was discarded and dried with a freeze dryer (FDU-1200, manufactured by Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.). The dry weight at this time was 520 mg.
- FDU-1200 manufactured by Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.
- the particles were diluted with water to prepare a 104 mg / ml solution (particle solution).
- particle solution Prepare a solution that makes the volume ratio of the supernatant: particle solution 1000: 0, 997: 3, 970: 30, 900: 100, 800: 200, 700: 300, 600: 400 by centrifugation at 10000 G for 60 minutes. did.
- the transmittance of the solution at a wavelength of 600 nm was measured to be 97.6, 97.3, 91.8, 85.9, 84.5, respectively. It became 83.0 and 81.9.
- the distillation test method similar to Example 5 was performed with each liquid, and analysis of the permeability and the presence or absence of foaming was performed.
- the measurement of the permeability is considered to be a method by which the foamability can be simply measured.
- Example 7 Measurement of Permeability of Fermented Liquid Sample
- the measurement of the above-mentioned fermented liquid sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3 was performed.
- the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 600 nm was 94.7% T for sample 1, 54.6% T for sample 2, and 90.7% T for sample 3. That is, even in the case of an actual fermented liquid sample, when the transmittance of the light beam wavelength of 600 nm is 91% T as a boundary, foaming does not occur as in Example 3 and Reference Example 5 above 91% T, while at 91% T or less It was confirmed that foaming occurred.
- the ethanol fermentation liquid obtained by the ethanol production method of the present invention, or the ethanol fermentation liquid specified in the present invention can be used as a so-called bioethanol as a sustainable fuel or an industrial raw material.
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Abstract
Description
(1)微生物をケーンモラセスを主成分として含む発酵原料で培養し、培養液を分離膜で濾過して微生物が分離されたエタノール含有濾過液を回収し、さらに微生物を含む未濾過液を培養液に保持または還流し、かつ発酵原料を培養液に追加するエタノール連続発酵工程、および該連続発酵工程で回収されるエタノール含有濾過液を蒸留によりエタノール濃縮精製する工程を含むエタノールの製造方法において、前記微生物が前記培養液の遠心上清中に平均粒子径が100nm以上の粒子を含有せしめる微生物であり、前記エタノール含有濾過液に含まれる前記微生物培養により形成される粒子の平均粒子径が40~80nmである、方法。
(2)前記粒子の平均粒子径が300nm以上である、(1)に記載のエタノールの製造方法。
(3)前記微生物がシゾサッカロマイセス(Schizosaccharomyces)属に属する酵母である、(1)または(2)に記載のエタノールの製造方法。
(4)前記エタノール含有濾過液に含まれる、前記微生物培養により形成される粒子の粒子径分布が粒子径20~100nmの範囲内である、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のエタノールの製造方法。
(5)前記蒸留が連続式蒸留である、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載のエタノールの製造方法。
(6)微生物培養により形成される該微生物以外の粒子として平均粒子径が40~80nmの粒子を含み、バガスの水熱処理時の成分を含まない、エタノール発酵液。
(7)前記粒子の粒子径分布が粒子径20~100nmの範囲内である、(6)に記載のエタノール発酵液。
(8)300nmの光線波長の透過度が0.5±0.1%Tとなるように希釈した場合での、600nmの光線波長の透過度が91%T超である、エタノール発酵液。
本発明で使用する微生物は、エタノールを生産する能力を有する微生物であり、かつ、当該微生物をケーンモラセスを主成分として含む発酵原料で培養した際に、培養液の遠心上清中に平均粒子径が100nm以上の粒子を含有せしめる微生物であれば特に制限はない。そのような微生物の好ましい具体例としては、発酵工業においてよく使用されるパン酵母などの酵母、大腸菌、コリネ型細菌などのバクテリア、糸状菌、放線菌などが挙げられる。自然環境から単離されたものでもよく、また、突然変異や遺伝子組換えによって一部性質が改変されたものであってもよい。エタノール生産する微生物として好ましくは酵母である。酵母としては、例えばサッカロミセス属(Saccharomyces)、クリベロマイセス属(Kluyveromyces)、シゾサッカロミセス属(Shizosaccharomyces)が好ましい。中でもShizosaccharomyces属に属する酵母が好ましく、Shizosaccharomyces pombe、Shizosaccharomyces japonicus、Shizosaccharomyces octosporusまたはShizosaccharomyces cryophilusを好適に用いることができる。
・装置 原子間力顕微鏡装置(Digital Instruments(株)製“Nanoscope IIIa”)
・条件 探針 SiNカンチレバー(Digital Instruments(株)製)
走査モード コンタクトモード(気中測定)
水中タッピングモード(水中測定)
走査範囲 10μm、25μm四方(気中測定)
5μm、10μm四方(水中測定)
走査解像度 512×512
・試料調製 測定に際し膜サンプルは、常温でエタノールに15分浸漬後、RO水中に24時間浸漬し洗浄した後、風乾し用いた。RO水とは、濾過膜の一種である逆浸透膜(RO膜)を用いて濾過し、イオンや塩類などの不純物を排除した水を指す。RO膜の孔の大きさは、概ね2nm以下である。
本発明のエタノールの製造方法でのエタノールの蒸留方法としては、当業者にとって公知のエタノール蒸留方法である回分式蒸留または連続式蒸留が適用できるが、連続蒸留が好ましく適用される。連続蒸留の方法としては、まず、加熱器で気化した前記エタノール濾過液を連続的に蒸留塔の中段に導入する。蒸留塔の頂上からは揮発性の高いエタノールに富んだ留出液が連続的に得られ、底部からは揮発性の低い成分に富んだ(乳酸や酢酸などの不純物)缶出液が連続的に得られる。連続的に得られる留出液と缶出液を合わせた量が連続的に供給される原料と同量になるようにすることで蒸留塔は定常状態となる。
前記エタノール連続発酵工程で回収されるエタノール含有濾過液には、平均粒子径が40~80nmである、前記微生物培養によって形成される微生物以外の不溶性の粒状物質(以下、単に「粒子」という。)が含まれる。微生物培養によって本粒子が生じること自体が新規な知見であるため、本粒子の組成等の分析方法は当業者の技術常識として確立しておらず、本粒子は微生物培養によって形成される副産物であることしか明らかでないが、本粒子がエタノール含有濾過液に含まれることにより、詳細な作用機序は明らかではないものの蒸留に供した際の発泡が抑制されるという予想外の優れた効果が後述の実施例で確認された。従って、前記エタノール連続発酵工程によって得られるものであるかどうかに関わらず、平均粒子径が40~80nmの前記粒子を含むことで特定されるエタノール発酵液そのものも本発明の一態様である。
原料中の糖類、エタノール濃度は、下記に示すHPLC条件で、標品との比較により定量した。
カラム:Shodex SH1011(昭和電工株式会社製)
移動相:5mM 硫酸(流速0.6mL/分)
反応液:なし
検出方法:RI(示差屈折率)
温度:65℃。
ケーンモラセス重量と水重量を1:3で混合し、発酵原料を得た。参考例1に示す方法により糖類を分析した結果を表1に示す。
微生物としてシゾサッカロマイセス・ポンベNBRC1628株、培地として参考例2の発酵原料を用い、分離膜を利用した連続発酵を行なった。分離膜エレメントとしては特開2010-22321に記載の中空糸の形態を採用した。シゾサッカロマイセス・ポンベNBRC1628株を5mlの参考例2の発酵原料を投入した試験管に植菌し一晩振とう培養した(前々培養)。得られた培養液を、新鮮な45mlの参考例2の発酵原料を投入した三角フラスコに植菌し、30℃、120rpmで8時間振とう培養した(前培養)。前培養液50mLのうち35mLを分取して、700mLの参考例2の発酵原料を投入した連続発酵装置に植菌し、発酵反応槽を付属の撹拌機によって300rpmで撹拌し、24時間培養を行った。なお、植菌後直ちに培養液循環ポンプを稼動させ、分離膜エレメントと発酵槽間の液循環をおこなった。前培養終了後、濾過ポンプを稼動させて分離膜エレメントより培養液の抜き出しを開始した。濾過開始後は、連続発酵装置の培養液量を700mLになるよう発酵原料添加制御を行いながら以下の連続発酵条件で約200時間の連続発酵を行い、その際にエタノール濃度64g/Lのエタノール含有濾過液(発酵液サンプル1)を700ml得た。
発酵反応槽容量:2(L)
使用分離膜:ポリフッ化ビニリデン製濾過膜
膜分離エレメント有効濾過面積:218(cm2)
温度調整:30(℃)
発酵反応槽通気量:無通気
発酵反応槽撹拌速度:300(rpm)
pH調整:無調整
濾過フラックス設定値:0.1(m3/m2/日)
滅菌:分離膜エレメントおよび発酵槽は121℃、20minのオートクレーブにより高圧蒸気滅菌
平均細孔径:0.1μm
平均細孔径の標準偏差:0.035μm
膜表面粗さ:0.06μm
純水透過係数:50×10-9m3/m2/s/pa。
実施例1と発酵原料、微生物、前培養条件、発酵条件同一にしたバッチ発酵を行った。ただし分離膜による培養液の濾過は行わない。
発酵反応槽容量:2(L)
温度調整:30(℃)
発酵反応槽通気量:無通気
発酵反応槽撹拌速度:300(rpm)
pH調整:無調整。
参考例3で得られた発酵液サンプル2には微生物が含有されているため、1000g、10分間の遠心分離により微生物沈殿させ、その上清液(発酵液サンプル3)を600ml得た。
連続式蒸留の精留塔内部の状態を模した試験を行った。300ml発酵液サンプル1から3を別々に、500ml容丸底フラスコに加え、丸底フラスコをマントルヒーターにより、丸底フラスコ内部の液温センサーが95℃を維持するように加熱運転した。丸底フラスコの出口には冷却コンデンサーを装着し、4℃の冷却水をコンデンサー内部配管に循環することで、蒸発したエタノールを冷却し凝縮させた。その結果、発酵液サンプル2および3については沸騰後速やかに激しく発泡し、冷却コンデンサーにまで泡が到達してしまった。一方の発酵液サンプル1については驚くべきことに5時間の蒸留状態を維持しても全く発泡しないままであった。
発泡性の評価を行うために、「油化学 第42巻、第10号(1993)P.737-734」に記載されているメスシリンダーを用いた発泡性の評価方法である、流下法による試験を行った。500mlのメスシリンダーを立て、サンプル1から3を別々に50ml発酵液をメスシリンダーに最初に仕込み、そこへ300mlのサンプル1から3を別々に45cmの高さから流下させ、生ずる泡沫体積を測定した。その結果、発酵液サンプル1の泡沫体積はゼロmlであり、発酵液サンプル2おとび3の泡沫体積は、それぞれ55mlおよび65mlであった。
発酵液サンプル1から3を遠心分離し、得られた上清の平均粒子径測定を実施した。具体的にはそれぞれを室温下1,000Gで10分間遠心して、それぞれの上清3mLを回収した。回収した上清30μLをpH5のクエン酸緩衝液970μLに加えて希釈し、希釈した各溶液を1mL容量のディスポセルに入れ、動的光散乱により平均粒子径を測定した。
・光源のピンホールサイズ:100μm
・測定波長:660nm
・測定角度:165°
・測定積算回数:70回
・溶媒屈折率:1.3313
・溶媒粘度:0.8852cp。
粒子径の解析には、大塚電子株式会社のゼータ電位・粒子測定システムELS-Z2を用い、25℃の条件で、大気中で測定を行った。動的光散乱によって得られた散乱強度の揺らぎからキュムラント解析によって自己相関関数を求め、散乱強度に対する粒度分布へ変換した。粒度分布のヒストグラム解析範囲は最小値を1nm、最大値を5000nmとした。得られた粒子径分布結果を図1に示す。発酵液サンプル1のみの拡大した粒子径分布を図2に示す。また、表2には発酵液サンプル1から3の平均粒子径と泡沫体積の結果まとめを示す。
連続式蒸留を模した試験にてエタノール発酵液サンプルの発泡性評価を行った。東京ガラス機械製試験管(共通共栓試験管目盛付20ml透明)にスターラーチップと、前述の発酵液サンプル1から3を別々に、3ml加え、上部に10℃に設定した冷却管を装着した。160℃に設定した東京理化器械株式会社製の温調付きオイルバスに試験管内発酵液液面とオイルバス液面が等しくなるように設置して、YAZAWA社製マグネティックスターラー(KF-82M)を用いて400±20rpmで攪拌しながら加熱を行った。その結果、発酵液サンプル2および3については加熱開始後5分から10分の間で液面から7cmを超える発泡がみられた。一方の発酵液サンプル1については驚くべきことに全く発泡しないままであり、実施例3の発泡性試験と同じ結果を確認した。
紫外可視分光光度計として日本分光株式会社製UV-Vis測定器(V750)と、日本分光株式会社製の10mm角石英キュベットを使用して測定を行った。キュベットに和光純薬株式会社製蒸留水を2ml加えて、200nmから800nmまでの光線波長の透過度のバックグラウンドを測定した。そののち、空のキュベットに発酵液を加えて測定を行い、300nmの光線波長の透過度が0.5±0.1%Tになるように適宜発酵液を蒸留水で希釈した。その希釈液を用いて600nmの光線波長の透過度を測定した。
サンプル2と同様にして調製した発酵液80mlをファルコン社製50mlポリプロピレンコニカルチューブに40mlずつ入れ、10000Gで60分遠心分離を行い、粒子と上清を分離した。沈降した粒子を3回水洗と遠心分離を行い、3回目の遠心分離終了後上清を捨て、東京理化器械株式会社製凍結乾燥器(FDU-1200)で乾燥させた。この時の乾燥重量は520mgであった。この粒子を水で希釈し、104mg/mlの溶液(粒子溶液)を調製した。10000Gで60分遠心分離した上清:粒子溶液が体積比で1000:0、997:3、970:30、900:100、800:200、700:300,600:400となるような溶液を調製した。参考例5の透過度の測定方法に従い、各溶液の600nmの光線波長の透過度の測定を行ったところ、それぞれ、97.6、97.3、91.8、85.9、84.5、83.0、81.9となった。それぞれの液で実施例5と同様の蒸留試験方法を行い、透過度と発泡の有無の解析を行った。その結果、600nmの光線波長の透過度91%Tを境界として、それ以上では液面から7cm以上の発泡が見られず、それ以下だと7cm以上発泡する結果が得られた。透過度の測定は発泡性を簡易的に測定できる方法と考えられる。
参考例5の透過度の測定方法に従い、前述の発酵液サンプル1、サンプル2、サンプル3の測定を行った。その結果、600nmの光線波長の透過度はサンプル1では94.7%T、サンプル2では54.6%T、サンプル3では90.7%Tとなった。つまり、実際の発酵液サンプルでも600nmの光線波長の透過度が91%Tを境として、91%T超では実施例3、参考例5の通り、発泡は起こらず、一方、91%T以下では発泡が生じることを確認した。
Claims (8)
- 微生物をケーンモラセスを主成分として含む発酵原料で培養し、培養液を分離膜で濾過して微生物が分離されたエタノール含有濾過液を回収し、さらに微生物を含む未濾過液を培養液に保持または還流し、かつ発酵原料を培養液に追加するエタノール連続発酵工程、および該連続発酵工程で回収されるエタノール含有濾過液を蒸留によりエタノール濃縮精製する工程を含むエタノールの製造方法において、前記微生物が前記培養液の遠心上清中に平均粒子径が100nm以上の粒子を含有せしめる微生物であり、前記エタノール含有濾過液に含まれる前記微生物培養により形成される粒子の平均粒子径が40~80nmである、方法。
- 前記粒子の平均粒子径が300nm以上である、請求項1に記載のエタノールの製造方法。
- 前記微生物がシゾサッカロマイセス(Schizosaccharomyces)属に属する酵母である、請求項1または2に記載のエタノールの製造方法。
- 前記エタノール含有濾過液に含まれる、前記微生物培養により形成される粒子の粒子径分布が粒子径20~100nmの範囲内である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のエタノールの製造方法。
- 前記蒸留が連続式蒸留である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のエタノールの製造方法。
- 微生物培養により形成される該微生物以外の粒子として平均粒子径が40~80nmの粒子を含み、バガスの水熱処理時の成分を含まない、エタノール発酵液。
- 前記粒子の粒子径分布が粒子径20~100nmの範囲内である、請求項6に記載のエタノール発酵液。
- 300nmの光線波長の透過度が0.5±0.1%Tとなるように水で希釈した場合での、600nmの光線波長の透過度が91%T超である、エタノール発酵液。
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CN112014495A (zh) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-01 | 北京首钢朗泽新能源科技有限公司 | 一种乙醇发酵液中杂醇油组分的检测方法及应用 |
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WO2011093241A1 (ja) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 連続発酵による化学品の製造方法 |
WO2011135588A2 (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Shree Renuka Sugars Limited | A continuous process for the preparation of alcohol |
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WO2020196697A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 東レ株式会社 | 植物成長促進剤 |
CN112014495A (zh) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-01 | 北京首钢朗泽新能源科技有限公司 | 一种乙醇发酵液中杂醇油组分的检测方法及应用 |
CN112014495B (zh) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-11-22 | 北京首钢朗泽科技股份有限公司 | 一种乙醇发酵液中杂醇油组分的检测方法及应用 |
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