WO2019051513A1

WO2019051513A1 - Brick

Info

Publication number: WO2019051513A1
Application number: PCT/AT2018/000073
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lukas KARNER
Original assignee: Luxhome Gmbh
Priority date: 2017-09-14
Filing date: 2018-09-13
Publication date: 2019-03-21
Also published as: EP3682067A1; AT520334B1; EP3682067B1; SI3682067T1; AT520334A4; HUE057025T2; HRP20211831T1

Abstract

The invention relates to a brick made of wood for producing a brick bond, in particular masonry, said brick comprising two parallel brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) which delimit a cavity and which are connected to one another and held at a predefined normal distance from one another by means of at least one web (6, 7, 15, 17), wherein the brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) and the web (6, 7, 15, 17) are each formed by at least one wood panel, and the parallel brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) comprise a stepped rabbet on the edge for overlapping the brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) of adjacent bricks (1, 13, 14, 16) and for overlapping the brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) of superposed bricks (1, 13, 14, 16).

Description

brick

The invention relates to a brick of wood for

Production of a brick bond, in particular

Masonry.

As part of the effort to build structures from ecological

To build sustainable building materials, it increasingly relies on wood and wood-based materials. The use of wood offers a number of advantages over brick and concrete construction. The pleasant living environment in one

Wooden house is created primarily by the

moisture-regulating properties of the wood. From an ecological point of view, wood is advantageous because it is a renewable raw material that is also unproblematic in terms of disposal and recycling.

Buildings in solid wood construction are characterized above all by short construction times. Since the wood contains no moisture during installation, long dry-up times are eliminated, so that a good living climate can be found right from the start. Furthermore, the use of wood leads to a good one

Thermal insulation value.

However, the disadvantage of using wood-based materials for the construction of building walls made of wood construction elements is the fact that the construction elements are e.g. for the realization of a wooden lath wall on site must be laboriously tailored and by professionals

erected or assembled, which usually includes construction cranes and other heavy equipment

is required. There are already known. Wooden bricks have become known, which can be placed on each other in the manner of conventional bricks to build a masonry. This construction is easier to realize because without

Bautischlerfachkräfte can be worked. Most such wood tiles but made of solid wood and therefore have a high weight, are expensive and difficult to handle. Furthermore, the connection of the wooden tiles with each other is not satisfactorily resolved.

The present invention therefore aims to provide building blocks, with which the erection of masonry and entire buildings can be accomplished quickly, easily and at low cost, which is essentially to be able to work without tools. Furthermore, modern low-energy standards are to be met and the masonry therefore have a high insulation value.

To solve this problem, the invention consists in a brick from wood essentially in that of

Brick comprises two parallel, a cavity bounding brick walls, connected to each other with at least one web and in a predetermined

Normal distance from each other are held, the

Mauersteinwände and the web are each formed by at least one wooden plate, wherein the parallel

Wall stone walls at the edge for the overlapping of the brick walls of adjacent bricks and for the overlapping of the brick walls

superimposed bricks a stepped rebate

respectively. The brick according to the invention is simple and inexpensive to produce and lightweight, because its supporting structure essentially only two parallel, a cavity bounding brick walls comprising, with at least one web with each other

connected and in a predetermined normal distance

held each other. The bricks are laid side by side like bricks to obtain a row of bricks, and a plurality of such rows of bricks are laid one on top of the other to obtain a brickwork. The bricks are designed so that their walls in juxtaposed and superimposed state both in the horizontal and in the vertical direction in the

Connect substantially without gap to each other, the brick walls of adjacent bricks aligned with each other and form in this way a flat outer surface and a flat inner surface of the masonry.

The fact that the brick walls and the web are each formed by at least one wood panel, is a

achieved a simple structure, which has a high dimensional stability and a high load capacity. The vertically stacked plates, which form the brick walls, can be very high at relatively low weight

Transfer and record loads.

To connect the bricks with each other is

According to the invention provided that the parallel

superimposed bricks a stepped rebate

respectively. With the help of the respective Stufenfalzes manages a positive connection in a simple manner

juxtaposed bricks and

superimposed bricks. ^■ The step folds are It is designed so that the bricks in one

Direction across the level of the brick walls relative

are secured against each other. At the same time the stepped rebate facilitates the mutual positioning of the bricks when laying, so that a mutually aligned arrangement of the brick walls of adjacent bricks is guaranteed.

The fact that the bricks are preferably connected only by positive connections with each other, not only a simple structure, but also a simple degradation is readily possible.

The term wood is understood in the context of the invention, unless stated otherwise, solid wood or a wood material. Wood materials are materials that are made by

Shredding wood and then joining the wood particles are produced to structural elements. Size and shape of the wood particles decide on the type of wood

Wood material and its properties. The wood particles are usually joined together with binders. Typical products of wood-based materials are chipboard and fiberboard.

The web connecting the two parallel brick walls is formed by at least one plate, which is preferably at right angles to the parallel brick walls

forming plates is arranged. The connection of the

at least one ridge with the parallel brick walls can be made in by a form-locking connection, by gluing and / or by separate connecting means, such as e.g.

Nails, screws or staples are made so that a stable connection is made. For bricks with greater longitudinal extent is the arrangement of at least two, such as two, three or four webs preferred to a stable and angular stiffness construction

guarantee. The webs are then arranged at a distance from each other and preferably evenly over the

Longitudinal extension of the bricks distributed. In particular, the bricks are in this case placed on each other, that the webs of superimposed bricks in the vertical direction are aligned with each other and lie on each other, so that not only on the brick walls, but also on the webs vertical load transfer can be done.

In order to connect the aligned webs of superimposed bricks together is preferred

provided that the webs at least one edge region, a first positive locking element and at least one opposite edge region, a second

Has positive locking element, which in positive

Connection can be made with the first positive locking element of a brick lying above or below. The training is in particular provided such that the form-locking elements a transversely to the plane of the webs

form acting positive locking.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the at least one web has an obtuse angle bordering each other. The formation of an obtuse angle at those edge regions of the web, with which the respective web rests on a web of an underlying brick or on which rests the web of an overlying brick, said the

Edge regions of successive webs preferred are formed congruent, leads to a load transfer over two inclined surfaces, ie obliquely to the (vertical) load path extending contact surfaces, wherein at an obtuse angle enclosing inclined surfaces opposite reaction forces arise in the sense of

SelbstZentrierung act to equalize the reaction forces and thereby have a stabilizing effect. This especially if, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment, one in the vertical direction

extending plane forms a symmetry plane of the obtuse angle.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the an obtuse angle enclosing each other

Edge areas for the overlapping of the webs

superimposed bricks on a stepped rebate. The superimposed edge regions of the webs of

superimposed bricks thereby form a transversely acting to the level of the webs form fit, whereby superimposed bricks are secured at a shear stress transversely to the webs against relative displacement.

If, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment, the stepped rebates of the edge regions of the webs to form effective in opposite directions

Form-fit connections are formed, are the

superimposed bricks secured in a thrust load against relative displacement in both directions. In this case, the one edge region forms a positive fit in the one direction transverse to the edge level and the thereto

adjoining edge area a form fit in the

opposite direction across the floor level. The form-fit formed by the step folds of the brick walls, which acts transversely to the plane of the brick walls, can also be designed to act in opposite directions. For this purpose, it is preferably provided that the of the Stufenfalzen the brick walls

formed with respect to a median plane of the

Masonry are formed essentially mirror image.

A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the brick walls are each formed of at least two preferably juxtaposed wood panels, wherein the wood panels are preferably made of a wood material. As wood-based panels this chipboard and / or fiberboard and / or Dämmholzplatten can be used.

It is preferably provided that the two wooden plates have staggered edges to form the stepped rabbets. In order to realize both the acting between adjacent bricks step rabbet as well as acting between superimposed bricks Stufenfalz by the aforementioned offset of the two wood panels, the offset of the plates in both

vertical direction as well as in the horizontal direction.

According to a preferred embodiment, a first of the two brick walls forms a water vapor diffusion barrier and preferably has a water vapor diffusion equivalent air layer thickness (sd value) according to DIN 4108-3 of> 1500 m. The formation of a water vapor diffusion barrier is especially preferred on that brick wall, which comes to rest in the installed state on the inside of a room built from the bricks building. The diffusion barrier can be achieved, for example, by using fibreboard, in particular chipboard (OSB), in particular those of quality OSB / 4 according to the standard EN 300. Preferably, two such fiber wood panels are provided contiguously, each fiber wood panel preferably having a thickness of 12-25 mm,

in particular 18 mm.

The first brick wall can additionally carry on the outside a drywall, which faces the interior of the building. The drywall is preferably designed as a conventional plasterboard.

The second brick wall can, if for the

Space outside is provided to be equipped with a facade element. The second brick wall comprises in this case a plate made of a wood material and a facade panel, which is held by means of spacers at a distance from the wood-based panel.

Preferred is a second of the two brick walls

water vapor diffusion open formed and has

preferably a water vapor diffusion equivalent

Air layer thickness (sd value) according to DIN 4108-3 of <0.5 m. The formation of a diffusion-open masonry wall is particularly preferred to that brick wall, which in the laid state on the outside of the

Bricks erected building comes to rest.

This can preferably be achieved in that the second brick wall an inner wood material board and having an outer Holzfaserdämmplatte. The inner one

Wood material board is preferably formed as chipboard or as a fibreboard, in particular coarse chipboard (OSB board), in particular one of the quality OSB / 2 according to the standard EN 300 and may have a thickness of 12-25 mm, in particular 18 mm. The inner one

Wood-based panel can be made perforated. The outer Holzfaserdämmplatte may have a thickness of 35-45 mm, in particular 40 mm. The wood fiber insulation board can be provided with an external plaster.

Alternatively, the second outer wall may comprise two plates, one of which is an inner plate

Wood board, preferably as chipboard or as a fibreboard, in particular coarse chipboard (OSB board), in particular one of OSB / 2 quality according to the standard EN 300 and may have a thickness of 12-25 mm, in particular 18 mm. The outer plate is

preferably formed as a facade panel and is held at a distance from the inner plate. The outer plate is preferably formed as a compact plate, such as. as HPL board (High Pressure Laminate), in which several with

Melamine and phenolic resin impregnated papers under pressure and temperature are pressed together and with a topcoat.

The at least one web is preferably made of solid wood, preferably made of spruce wood.

To achieve good thermal insulation is preferred

provided that the cavity between the two

parallel brick walls with an insulating material,

preferably a natural insulating material, in particular one Cellulosic material is filled, wherein the insulating material is preferably present as a loose insulating material.

From the brick according to the invention may be constructed a modular system for building buildings. The modular system includes bricks of various lengths, with a first brick a first

Has longitudinal extent, preferably one

Longitudinal extension of 250 mm, a second brick twice the longitudinal extent of the first brick, possibly a third brick three times the longitudinal extent of the first brick and possibly a fourth brick has four times the longitudinal extent of the first brick. The first brick has a bridge and the second

Brick has two webs which are spaced apart from one another which corresponds to the longitudinal extent of the first brick, preferably 250 mm, etc.

Generally, in a brick with a plurality of webs provided that they are arranged at a distance from each other, which corresponds to the longitudinal extent of the first brick, preferably 250 mm. This ensures that the webs of superimposed bricks are aligned even when

Bricks of different longitudinal extent are used, or if the superimposed bricks are offset in the longitudinal direction.

Preferably, the modular system further comprises bricks of different heights, wherein at least two

different heights are provided.

Preferably, the modular system further includes bricks that form an inner corner or an outer corner. Preferably, the modular system further comprises

Thresholds, Window Reveals, Overlay,

End strips and / or intermediate strips.

The thickness of all the bricks of the modular system is preferably the same and may be e.g. 250 mm.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown schematically in the drawing. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the brick, FIG. 2 is a view according to the arrow II of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a view according to the arrow III of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a view according to FIG Arrow IV of Fig. 1, Fig. 5 three assembled to build a wall bricks, Fig. 6 a

7 is a second embodiment of the brick, FIG. 8 is a view according to the arrow VIII of FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a view according to the arrow IX of FIG. 7, Fig. 10 a third embodiment of the brick, Fig. 11 a fourth embodiment of the brick, Fig. 12 a brick to form an inner corner, Fig. 13 a brick to form an outer corner and Fig. 14 an alternative embodiment of a brick.

In Figs. 1 to 4, a brick is indicated at 1 and comprises two parallel, a cavity bounding

Brick walls, wherein the first brick wall of the two plates 2 and 3 and the second brick wall of the two plates 4 and 5 is formed. Plates 2 and 4 are congruent, as viewed normal to the plate plane. The plate 3 is the same size as the plate 2, but in Compared to the plate 2 down and offset to the right, so that there is a stepped rebate on all four edges of the first brick wall. The plate 5 is the same size as the plate 4, but also in comparison to the plate 4 also offset downwards and to the right, so that there is a stepped rebate on all four edges of the second brick wall. The plates 3 and 5, as seen normal on the plate plane, are congruent, so that the Stufenfalze the first

Wall stone wall are the same size as the step folds of the second wall brick wall, but counteracting effect. The first and the second brick wall are connected to two webs 6 and 7 together and in a predetermined

Normal distance held each other, so that between the first and the second brick wall, a cavity 12 is formed. The webs 6 and 7 each consist of two superimposed plates 8 and 9 or 10 and 11. All four plates are parallelogram-shaped, wherein the parallelograms of the plates 8 and 9 with respect to the

Center plane of the brick are mirror-symmetrical.

The same applies to the plates 10 and 11. This results in the oblique upper and lower edges of the webs 6 and 7 gegengleiche Stufenfalze.

If the first brick wall forms a cavity-side wall, it is preferably diffusion-tight and the plates 2 and 3 are made of e.g. 18 mm thick OSB boards of quality OSB / 4 according to EN 300 standard. If the second brick wall forms a space outside wall, this is preferably designed diffusion-open and the plate 4 is for example of an 18 mm thick OSB board OSB / 2 quality according to the EN 300 standard

educated. The plate 5 can be used as Holzfaserdämmplatte

be formed and have a thickness of 40 mm. The Wood fiber insulation board can be provided with an external plaster. The plates 8,9,10 and 11 of the webs 6 and 7 may be formed of solid wood, for example made of spruce wood and have a thickness of 15-20 mm. The plates can be designed, for example, as 3-layer plates, ie as a plate, which consists of three glued plywood layers.

The cavities 12 are preferably filled with a thermal insulation material.

In Fig. 5 and 6, a series of lower bricks is indicated, this being exemplified by two juxtaposed bricks la and lb, which are placed side by side. On the row of bricks an upper brick 1c is offset. The bricks la, lb and lc are executed as shown in Figs. 1 to 4. It can be seen that the first and second brick walls of the bricks la and lb with their

mutually facing lateral edges one above the other

grab and therefore form a positive connection by means of the respective Stufenfalze. Further is

It can be seen that the first and second brick walls of the bricks la and lb on the one hand and the first and second brick walls of the brick lc on the other hand with their facing upper and lower edges overlap and therefore by means of the respective

Stufenfalze form a positive connection.

At the same time, the stepped folds formed on the oblique edges of the webs 6 and 7 engage one above the other

lying bricks la and lb on the one hand and lc

on the other hand into each other, so that a further positive connection is formed in the direction transverse to the plane of the webs 6, 7th acts and prevents displacement of an upper row of bricks against a lower row of bricks in the direction transverse to the floor level. To that

described meshing of the stepped folds of the webs 6,7 to enable even when the bricks of an upper row are offset from the bricks of a lower row, it is provided that the distance between the webs of a brick is chosen so that this is the sum of Distances of the outer webs to

respective nearest edge.

FIGS. 7 to 9 show an alternative embodiment of a brick 13, which has half the length of the brick 1 and therefore comprises only a single web 6.

In Fig. 10 is a modified embodiment of a

Brick 14 shown, whose length corresponds to three times the length of the brick 13 and therefore has three webs 6,7,15.

In Fig. 11 is a modified embodiment of a

Wall brick 16 shown, whose length corresponds to four times the length of the brick 13 and therefore four webs

6,7,15,17.

The bricks 1, 13, 14 and 16 form a modular

System for the construction of buildings, wherein the bricks can be combined with each other as desired. For this purpose, it is provided that the individual module types of the bricks have a length which is an integer multiple of the longitudinal extension of the shortest brick. In Fig. 12, another brick 18 is shown, with which an inner corner of a building can be formed.

In Fig. 13, another brick 19 is shown, with which an outside corner of a building can be formed.

To the embodiments according to FIGS. 7 to 13 is

to note that the basic structure out

Brick walls, slabs and webs is the same.

Fig. 14 shows on the basis of a brick type according to Fig. 1 a modified structure, but can also be realized in the brick types of Fig. 7 to 13. When brick 20, the same reference numerals are used as in the brick 1, as far as the corresponding components match. The modified structure of

Mauerstein 20 provides that the second, outer

Brick wall instead of the plate 5 has a facade panel 21 which is secured by means of spacers 22 to the plate 4. However, the size and position of the facade panel 21 corresponds to the size and the

Position of the plate 5.

Claims

Claims:

1. brick of wood for the production of a

Brick joint, in particular masonry, comprising two parallel, a cavity bounding brick walls (2,3,4,5) connected to each other with at least one web (6,7,15,17) and in a predetermined

Normal distance from each other are held, the

Wall brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) and the web (6, 7, 15, 17) are each formed by at least one wood panel, the parallel brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) bordering the wall walls (2, 3, 5, 5). 2,3,4,5)

adjacent bricks (1,13,14,16) and for the overlapping of the brick walls

superimposed bricks (1,13,14,16) one

Have stepped fold.

2. Brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one web (6,7,15,17) has an obtuse angle with each other enclosing edge regions.

3. Brick according to claim 2, characterized in that the an obtuse angle with each other enclosing edge regions for the overlapping of the webs

(6,7,15,17) superimposed bricks (1,13,14,16) have a shiplap.

3. Brick according to claim 2, characterized in that the Stufenfalze the edge regions of the webs (6,7,15,17) to form in opposite to each other

Directed effective form-locking connections are formed.

4. brick according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized

characterized in that the of the Stufenfalzen the

Brick walls (2,3,4,5) formed steps with respect to a median plane of the brick (1,13,14,16) in the

Essentially mirror images are formed.

5. brick according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the brick walls (2,3,4,5) are each formed of at least two preferably juxtaposed wood panels, wherein the wood panels

preferably consist of a wood material.

6. brick according to claim 5, characterized in that the two wooden plates (2,3,4,5) to form the Stufenfalze mutually offset edges.

7. brick according to claim 5 or 6, characterized

in that a first of the two brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) forms a water vapor diffusion barrier and preferably a water vapor diffusion equivalent

Air layer thickness (sd value) according to DIN 4108-3 of> 1500 m.

8. brick according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized

in that a second of the two brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) is open to diffusion of water vapor, and preferably a water vapor diffusion equivalent

Air layer thickness (sd value) according to DIN 4108-3 of <0.5 m on ice.

9. brick according to claim 8, characterized in that the second brick wall (4,5) an inner Has wood-based panel and an outer Holzfaserdämmplatte.

10. Brick according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the at least one web (6,7,15,17) consists of solid wood, preferably made of spruce wood.

11. Brick according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cavity is filled with an insulating material, preferably a natural insulating material, in particular of a cellulosic material, wherein the insulating material is preferably present as a loose insulating material.