WO2019041457A1 - 一种大型油轮及其安全防护方法 - Google Patents

一种大型油轮及其安全防护方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019041457A1
WO2019041457A1 PCT/CN2017/105973 CN2017105973W WO2019041457A1 WO 2019041457 A1 WO2019041457 A1 WO 2019041457A1 CN 2017105973 W CN2017105973 W CN 2017105973W WO 2019041457 A1 WO2019041457 A1 WO 2019041457A1
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Prior art keywords
tank
ballast tank
ballast
cargo
oil tanker
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PCT/CN2017/105973
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English (en)
French (fr)
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薛林
周静
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广船国际有限公司
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Publication of WO2019041457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019041457A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
    • B63B11/02—Arrangement of bulkheads, e.g. defining cargo spaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ship manufacturing, and in particular relates to a large oil tanker and a safety protection method thereof.
  • the cargo tank double bottom and side side are equipped with empty tanks.
  • the cargo tanks of existing oil tankers are connected to the main deck. According to the design specifications of such ships, the 3m above the main deck is a dangerous area. Therefore, the equipment in the area needs to have a certain explosion-proof level to ensure the ship. System security. Since the price of equipment meeting the explosion-proof grade is higher than that of conventional equipment, it will increase the construction cost of the ship.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a large oil tanker which has a simple structure, a good explosion-proof effect and a low construction cost.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a safety protection method for a large oil tanker, which can improve the safety of use of the oil tanker.
  • a large oil tanker including a hull, wherein the cargo tank is provided with the cargo tank A top ballast tank is provided between the oil tank and the main deck of the hull.
  • the height of the top ballast tank along the height direction of the hull is not less than 3 m.
  • a side ballast tank is provided between the cargo tank and the side of the hull.
  • a bottom ballast tank is provided between the cargo tank and the bottom of the hull.
  • a plurality of the cargo oil tanks are disposed along the length of the hull, and two adjacent cargo tanks are separated by a central ballast tank.
  • a first valve is disposed between the top ballast tank and the side ballast tank, and the opening of the first valve enables the top ballast tank and the side portion Connected between ballast tanks; and/or,
  • a second valve is disposed between the side ballast tank and the bottom ballast tank, and the opening of the second valve can connect the side ballast tank to the bottom ballast tank; and / or,
  • a third valve is disposed between the top ballast tank and the middle ballast tank, and a fourth valve is disposed between the middle ballast tank and the bottom ballast tank, and the opening of the third valve can be
  • the top ballast tank communicates with the middle ballast tank, and the opening of the fourth valve allows communication between the middle ballast tank and the bottom ballast tank.
  • a safety protection method for large oil tankers which uses a large oil tanker as described above to inject crude oil into the cargo tank and fills it in the top ballast tank between the cargo tank and the main deck. Ballast water.
  • ballast water is first injected into the top ballast tank, and crude oil is injected into the cargo tank.
  • 50% of the ballast water is injected into the top ballast tank, then the crude oil is injected into the cargo tank, and finally the top ballast tank is filled with pressure. Carry water.
  • ballast water is injected into the top ballast tank while injecting crude oil into the cargo tank.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: by separating the cargo tank of the ship from the main deck through the top ballast tank, the top ballast tank is also filled with ballast water in a state where the cargo tank is full of oil,
  • ballast water to block the connection between the main deck and the cargo tank eliminates the need to use equipment with explosion-proof grades on the main deck, which also meets safety standards, reduces the cost of manufacturing the ship and improves safety.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a large oil tanker of the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements.
  • connection should be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • the large oil tanker includes a hull in which a cargo oil tank 2 is disposed, and a top ballast tank 3 is disposed between the cargo oil tank 2 and the main deck 1 of the hull.
  • a top ballast tank 3 is disposed between the cargo oil tank 2 and the main deck 1 of the hull.
  • the ballast tank is a necessary compartment of the ship, and part of the ballast tank is moved between the main deck 1 and the cargo tank 2, that is, moved to the top of the cargo tank 2 to isolate the cargo tank 2 and the main deck 1 from water.
  • the safety hazard is reduced, and the equipment on the main deck 1 can also be used with general equipment (without explosion-proof equipment), thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the entire ship.
  • the height of the top ballast tank 3 along the height of the hull is not less than 3 m.
  • the cargo oil tank 2 carries inflammable and explosive materials such as crude oil
  • the cargo tank 2 is in a dangerous area within 3m of the circumference of the cargo tank 2.
  • the main deck 1 is provided with a large number of ships to operate the necessary equipment, so the bottom ballast tank
  • the height setting of 5 is larger than this dangerous area, which can greatly ensure the safety of the equipment on the main deck 1.
  • a side ballast tank 4 is provided between the cargo tank 2 and the side of the hull.
  • a bottom ballast tank 5 is provided between the cargo tank 2 and the bottom of the hull.
  • the cargo tank 2 is fully squared.
  • the isolation of the position can improve the safety of the entire tanker, and can also prevent the oil of the cargo tank 2 from directly leaking to the outside of the hull and pollute the environment.
  • a plurality of cargo tanks 2 are disposed along the length of the hull, and the adjacent two cargo tanks 2 are separated by a central ballast tank 6.
  • the middle cargo ballast tank 6 is used to isolate the adjacent cargo oil tanks 2, which can prevent the chain reaction and cause the explosion source.
  • a first valve is disposed between the top ballast tank 3 and the side ballast tank 4, and the opening of the first valve enables the top ballast tank 3 and the side ballast tank 4
  • a second valve is disposed between the side ballast tank 4 and the bottom ballast tank 5, and the opening of the second valve can communicate between the side ballast tank 4 and the bottom ballast tank 5
  • a third valve is disposed between the top ballast tank 3 and the middle ballast tank 6,
  • a fourth valve is disposed between the middle ballast tank 6 and the bottom ballast tank 5, and the third valve is opened to enable the top ballast
  • the tank 3 is in communication with the central ballast tank 6, and the opening of the fourth valve allows communication between the central ballast tank 6 and the bottom ballast tank 5.
  • Valves are arranged between adjacent ballast tanks to allow communication between adjacent ballast tanks to form ballast water, so that water from the top ballast tank 3 can flow into the side ballast tanks 4 or the central ballast tanks. 6.
  • the bottom ballast tank 5 can receive ballast water from the side ballast tank 4 or the middle ballast tank 6. When the water is loaded, all valves can be opened to make the ballast water from the top ballast tank 3 Flow into each ballast tank to reduce pump occupancy.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a safety protection method for a large oil tanker.
  • crude oil is injected into the cargo oil tank 2, and is filled in the top ballast tank 3 located between the cargo oil tank 2 and the main deck 1. Ballast water.
  • ballast water is first injected into the top ballast tank 3, and crude oil is injected into the cargo tank 2.
  • ballast water 50% of the ballast water is injected into the top ballast tank 3, and then the crude oil is injected into the cargo tank 2. Finally, the top ballast tank 3 is filled with ballast water.
  • ballast water is injected into the top ballast tank 3 while injecting crude oil into the cargo tank 2.
  • the top ballast tank 3, the side ballast tank 4, and the bottom ballast tank 5 are provided on the periphery thereof.
  • the corresponding middle ballast tank 6 is filled with water, injected into 50% of the volume of the ballast tank, and then the oil tank is filled with oil, and finally the water tanks are filled with water until they are full.
  • an embodiment means that a specific feature, structure, material or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. in.
  • the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example.
  • the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

一种大型油轮，包括船体，船体内设置货油舱（2），货油舱（2）与船体的主甲板（1）之间设置顶部压载舱（3）。通过将船舶的货油舱（2）与主甲板（1）之间通过顶部压载舱（3）进行隔离，在货油舱（2）满油的状态下，将顶部压载舱（3）内也注满压载水，利用压载水阻断主甲板（1）与货油舱（2）之间的连接，无需将主甲板（1）上的设备采用带有防爆等级的设备，也能达到安全标准，降低了船舶的制造成本，提高了安全性。

Description

一种大型油轮及其安全防护方法 技术领域
本发明属于船舶制造技术领域，尤其涉及一种大型油轮及其安全防护方法。
背景技术
现有的油轮或者加油船均运载大量的石油等易燃易爆的物质，如中国专利文献CN105270593A，其公开一型双机双桨加油船，其包括主船体，主船体设有头部首尖舱、中部货舱和尾部主机舱，货舱设有货油舱、压载舱和污油水舱以及首压载舱，主机舱设有机舱、舵机舱、柴油舱以及淡水舱，双主机安装于主机舱内。货舱左右对称配置货油舱和污油水舱，前后两舷侧配备压载舱和首压载舱，货舱双层底及舷侧配为空舱。现有的油船的货油舱与主甲板相连，依据该类船舶设计规范，主甲板以上的3m范围内属于危险区域，因此，位于该区域内的船舶设备需要具有一定的防爆等级，以确保船舶系统的安全性。由于满足防爆等级的设备价格较常规设备高，因此会增加船舶的建造成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种大型油轮，其结构简单，防爆效果好，建造成本低。
本发明的另一个目的在于：提供一种大型油轮的安全防护方法，其可以提高油轮的使用安全性。
为达上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一方面，提供一种大型油轮，包括船体，所述船体内设置货油舱，所述货 油舱与所述船体的主甲板之间设置顶部压载舱。
作为大型油轮的一种优选方案，所述顶部压载舱沿所述船体的高度方向的舱室高度不小于3m。
作为大型油轮的一种优选方案，所述货油舱与所述船体的舷边之间设置侧部压载舱。
作为大型油轮的一种优选方案，所述货油舱与所述船体的底部之间设置底部压载舱。
作为大型油轮的一种优选方案，所述船体内沿其长度方向设置多个所述货油舱，相邻两个所述货油舱之间通过中部压载舱进行隔离。
作为大型油轮的一种优选方案，所述顶部压载舱与所述侧部压载舱之间设置第一阀门，所述第一阀门的开启可使所述顶部压载舱与所述侧部压载舱之间连通；和/或，
所述侧部压载舱与所述底部压载舱之间设置第二阀门，所述第二阀门的开启可使所述侧部压载舱与所述底部压载舱之间连通；和/或，
所述顶部压载舱与所述中部压载舱之间设置第三阀门，所述中部压载舱与所述底部压载舱之间设置第四阀门，所述第三阀门的开启可使所述顶部压载舱与所述中部压载舱之间连通，所述第四阀门的开启可使所述中部压载舱与所述底部压载舱之间连通。
另一方面，还提供一种大型油轮的安全防护方法，使用如上所述的大型油轮，在货油舱内注入原油，并在位于货油舱和主甲板之间的顶部压载舱内注满压载水。
作为大型油轮的安全防护方法的一种优选方案，先对所述顶部压载舱注入压载水，再对所述货油舱注入原油。
作为大型油轮的安全防护方法的一种优选方案，先对所述顶部压载舱注入50％的压载水，然后对所述货油舱注入原油，最后将所述顶部压载舱注满压载水。
作为大型油轮的安全防护方法的一种优选方案，在所述货油舱内注入原油的同时对所述顶部压载舱注入压载水。
本发明的有益效果为：通过将船舶的货油舱与主甲板之间通过顶部压载舱进行隔离，在货油舱满油的状态下，将顶部压载舱内也注满压载水，利用压载水阻断主甲板与货油舱之间的连接，无需将主甲板上的设备采用带有防爆等级的设备，也能达到安全标准，降低了船舶的制造成本，提高了安全性。
附图说明
下面根据附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明的大型油轮的结构示意图。
图中：
1、主甲板；2、货油舱；3、顶部压载舱；4、侧部压载舱；5、底部压载舱；6、中部压载舱。
具体实施方式
为使本发明解决的技术问题、采用的技术方案和达到的技术效果更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施例的技术方案作进一步的详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、 “固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1所示，于本实施例中，大型油轮包括船体，船体内设置货油舱2，货油舱2与船体的主甲板1之间设置顶部压载舱3。通过将船舶的货油舱2与主甲板1之间通过顶部压载舱3进行隔离，在货油舱2满油的状态下，将顶部压载舱3内也注满压载水，利用压载水阻断主甲板1与货油舱2之间的连接，无需将主甲板1上的设备采用带有防爆等级的设备，也能达到安全标准，降低了船舶的制造成本，提高了安全性。
压载舱属于船舶必要的一个舱室，将部分压载舱移至主甲板1与货油舱2之间，即移至货油舱2的顶部，对货油舱2和主甲板1进行水隔离，降低了安全隐患，且也可以将主甲板1上的设备采用一般的设备(不带有防爆等级的设备)，进而降低整个船舶的制造成本。
顶部压载舱3沿船体的高度方向的舱室高度不小于3m。货油舱2在运载原油等易燃易爆物品时，货油舱2的周部3m范围内属于危险区域，特别是主甲板1上设置众多的船舶运行必要的设备，因此将底部压载舱5的高度设置大于此危险区域，可以极大地保证主甲板1上设备的安全。
在本发明的一个优选的实施例中，货油舱2与船体的舷边之间设置侧部压载舱4。
在本实施例中，货油舱2与船体的底部之间设置底部压载舱5。
通过采用顶部压载舱3、底部压载舱5和侧部压载舱4对货油舱2进行全方 位的隔离，可以提高整个油轮的安全性，且也可以防止货油舱2的油直接泄漏到船体的外部，污染环境。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施例中，船体内沿其长度方向设置多个货油舱2，相邻两个货油舱2之间通过中部压载舱6进行隔离。油轮在设计有多个货油舱2时，采用中部压载舱6对相邻的货油舱2进行隔离，可以防止爆炸时引起连锁反应，阻断爆炸源。
在本发明的又一个优选的实施例中，顶部压载舱3与侧部压载舱4之间设置第一阀门，第一阀门的开启可使顶部压载舱3与侧部压载舱4之间连通；和/或，侧部压载舱4与底部压载舱5之间设置第二阀门，第二阀门的开启可使侧部压载舱4与底部压载舱5之间连通；和/或，顶部压载舱3与中部压载舱6之间设置第三阀门，中部压载舱6与底部压载舱5之间设置第四阀门，第三阀门的开启可使顶部压载舱3与中部压载舱6之间连通，第四阀门的开启可使中部压载舱6与底部压载舱5之间连通。
相邻压载舱之间设置阀门，可以使相邻压载舱之间连通，形成压载水贯通，进而使顶部压载舱3的水可流入到侧部压载舱4或中部压载舱6，底部压载舱5可以接收来自侧部压载舱4或者中部压载舱6的压载水，在注压载水时，可以开启所有的阀门，使压载水由顶部压载舱3流入到各个压载舱内，减少泵的占用量。
本发明实施例还提供一种大型油轮的安全防护方法，参照图1，在货油舱2内注入原油，并在位于货油舱2和主甲板1之间的顶部压载舱3内注满压载水。
在本发明一个优选的实施例中，先对顶部压载舱3注入压载水，再对货油舱2注入原油。
具体的，先对顶部压载舱3注入50％的压载水，然后对货油舱2注入原油， 最后将顶部压载舱3注满压载水。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施例中，在货油舱2内注入原油的同时对顶部压载舱3注入压载水。
在本发明的一个具体的实施例中，当需要对船体上的一个货油舱进行注油时，先对其周部设置的顶部压载舱3、侧部压载舱4、底部压载舱5以及对应的中部压载舱6进行注水，注入压载舱容积的50％，然后对货油舱进行注油，最后再对各个压载舱进行注水直至处于满水状态。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一实施例”、“示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本发明的原理，而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释，本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式，这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种大型油轮，其特征在于，包括船体，所述船体内设置货油舱，所述货油舱与所述船体的主甲板之间设置顶部压载舱。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的大型油轮，其特征在于，所述顶部压载舱沿所述船体的高度方向的舱室高度不小于3m。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的大型油轮，其特征在于，所述货油舱与所述船体的舷边之间设置侧部压载舱。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的大型油轮，其特征在于，所述货油舱与所述船体的底部之间设置底部压载舱。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的大型油轮，其特征在于，所述船体内沿其长度方向设置多个所述货油舱，相邻两个所述货油舱之间通过中部压载舱进行隔离。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的大型油轮，其特征在于，所述顶部压载舱与所述侧部压载舱之间设置第一阀门，所述第一阀门的开启可使所述顶部压载舱与所述侧部压载舱之间连通；和/或，
    所述侧部压载舱与所述底部压载舱之间设置第二阀门，所述第二阀门的开启可使所述侧部压载舱与所述底部压载舱之间连通；和/或，
    所述顶部压载舱与所述中部压载舱之间设置第三阀门，所述中部压载舱与所述底部压载舱之间设置第四阀门，所述第三阀门的开启可使所述顶部压载舱与所述中部压载舱之间连通，所述第四阀门的开启可使所述中部压载舱与所述底部压载舱之间连通。
  7. 一种大型油轮的安全防护方法，其特征在于，使用如权利要求1至6任一项所述的大型油轮，在货油舱内注入原油，并在位于所述货油舱和主甲板之间的顶部压载舱内注满压载水。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的大型油轮的安全防护方法，其特征在于，先对所 述顶部压载舱注入压载水，再对所述货油舱注入原油。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的大型油轮的安全防护方法，其特征在于，先对所述顶部压载舱注入50％的压载水，然后对所述货油舱注入原油，最后将所述顶部压载舱注满压载水。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的大型油轮的安全防护方法，其特征在于，在所述货油舱内注入原油的同时对所述顶部压载舱注入压载水。
PCT/CN2017/105973 2017-08-29 2017-10-13 一种大型油轮及其安全防护方法 WO2019041457A1 (zh)

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