CN108027108A - 海上船舶的燃料罐装置 - Google Patents

海上船舶的燃料罐装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108027108A
CN108027108A CN201580083133.2A CN201580083133A CN108027108A CN 108027108 A CN108027108 A CN 108027108A CN 201580083133 A CN201580083133 A CN 201580083133A CN 108027108 A CN108027108 A CN 108027108A
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China
Prior art keywords
fuel tank
lng
pipeline
arrangement according
recess
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CN201580083133.2A
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English (en)
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CN108027108B (zh
Inventor
S·卡尔森
F·哈特维尔德
F·劳诺宁
P·佐格利亚
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B17/0027—Tanks for fuel or the like ; Accessories therefor, e.g. tank filler caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B23/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04B23/02—Pumping installations or systems having reservoirs
    • F04B23/021—Pumping installations or systems having reservoirs the pump being immersed in the reservoir
    • F04B23/023—Pumping installations or systems having reservoirs the pump being immersed in the reservoir only the pump-part being immersed, the driving-part being outside the reservoir
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F17C2203/0341—Perlite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0111—Boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F17C2225/044—Localisation of the filling point in the gas at several points, e.g. with a device for recondensing gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • Y10T137/86348—Tank with internally extending flow guide, pipe or conduit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种海上船舶的燃料罐装置，该燃料罐装置包括用于液化天然气(LNG)的燃料罐(50)，所述燃料罐包括壳体(60)、与所述壳体连接的隔热件(62)、用于将LNG灌入所述燃料罐(50)的管线(68)的连接件、用于将蒸发气体从所述燃料罐(50)带出的管线(70)的连接件和用于将LNG从所述燃料罐(50)带出的管线(86)的连接件以及用于将LNG从所述燃料罐(50)抽吸到所述管线(86)的深井泵(58)，其中，至少一个凹部(56)从所述壳体(60)向内延伸并且布置在所述燃料罐(50)的顶部上，所述深井泵(58)被安装在所述至少一个凹部(56)中。

Description

海上船舶的燃料罐装置
技术领域
本发明涉及海上船舶中的燃料储存罐装置。更具体地，本发明涉及在燃料罐顶部具有各种LNG连接件的这种LNG燃料储存罐装置。本发明的燃料罐装置覆盖用于运输LNG的LNG货物罐和用于为海上船舶的发动机提供燃料的LNG燃料罐二者。
背景技术
使用LNG(液化天然气)作为用于船舶应用的燃料正在增加，因为它是一种高效减排方式。在未来几十年内，天然气(NG)有望成为世界上增长最快的主要能源。这一发展背后的驱动力是已知的石油储量枯竭、环境保护日益增加以及排放限制的持续收紧。所有主要排放量都可以大幅减少，以真正形成无害环境的解决方案；特别是CO2的减少难以用传统的油基燃料实现。NG由甲烷(CH4)和诸如乙烷和丙烷的微小浓度的重质烃组成。在正常的环境条件下，NG是气体，但是可通过将其冷却至-162℃进行液化。在液体形式下，比容大幅降低，从而允许储存罐相对于能量含量具有合理尺寸。NG的燃烧过程很干净。其高氢煤比(化石燃料之中最高)意指与油基燃料相比的较低CO2排放。当NG液化时，所有的硫都被去除，这意味着SOX排放量为零。与油基燃料相比，NG的清洁燃烧特性还大幅减少了NOX和颗粒排放。特别是在乘客已经登上的邮轮、渡轮和所谓的客滚船上，船用发动机的废气中不存在烟尘排放和可见烟雾是非常重要的特征。
LNG不仅是一种无害环境的解决方案，而且对于今天的油价也具有经济意义。在船上储存NG最可行的方式是液体形式。在现有的船舶安装中，LNG被储存在柱形的单壁或双壁绝缘不锈钢或9％镍钢罐中。
这些LNG燃料储存罐的共同特征在于，它们传统上在罐顶部设置有所谓的拱顶。罐内部和外部燃料系统之间的所有连接件位于罐拱顶中。换句话讲，用于将来自罐的LNG排出的深井泵附接于拱顶以及用于将LNG灌入罐中的连接件、用于去除蒸发气体(BOG)的连接件以及用于将LNG喷雾器布置在罐内的连接件。另外，与连接件结合设置的多个阀可定位在罐上方的拱顶附近。
造成拱顶从罐向上延伸尤其是深井泵附接于拱顶的问题是它们需要在垂直方向上在罐上方有空间。在其与布置在海上船舶内部的其甲板之间的LNG罐连接最差时，出现这种问题。有时，即，当LNG罐在最上层或主甲板下方的第一层甲板上时，通过在最上层甲板中布置用于拱顶和与其连接的设备的开口由此使泵马达和设备的其余部分在最上层甲板上可见来解决该问题。
然而，当LNG罐定位在例如汽车渡轮的最下层汽车甲板下方时，相同的做法可能不适用，但是LNG罐的直径必须减小，使得拱顶及与之相连的设备被装配在罐和其上方的甲板之间。换句话讲，在这种情况下，LNG燃料罐的总高度必须装配在海上船舶的两层甲板之间。实际上，此布置意指LNG的可用储存容积大幅减小，因为在拱顶和连接件在连接时，在LNG罐的顶部和用于深井泵的上甲板之间必须留有空间。
LNG储存罐的所有管道连接件必须安装在辅助屏障内部。辅助屏障是LNG货物或LNG燃料容纳系统的液体抵抗外部元件，被设计成为穿过主屏障的液体燃料或货物的任何预料中泄漏供应临时容纳，并且防止船结构的温度降低到不完全的级别。该辅助屏障通常由不锈钢制成。与现有技术的LNG燃料储存罐相关的各种管线中的流量由布置在辅助屏障内部的罐或罐拱顶的顶部上的阀控制，因此高度上有额外空间，以便也容纳辅助屏障。
与现有技术的LNG燃料储存罐相关的各种管线中的流量由布置在罐拱顶顶部上的阀来控制，因此高度上有额外空间或者在LNG燃料罐的端部处有罐连接空间。这意味着，管线从LNG燃料罐顶部的拱顶通向罐连接空间中的其端部，并且在某些情况下，同样的流体取自拱顶，返回到罐连接空间中的拱顶。换句话讲，例如，如果为了温度控制的目的而将罐中的LNG从罐抽取出经由喷嘴返回到罐中，则根据现有技术的LNG对于罐连接空间徒劳无功。此不必要的循环不仅增加了抽吸损失，而且还增加了LNG罐中的热输送。另外，分类规则要求所有的截止阀必须尽可能靠近罐的穿透部进行安装，这在现有技术中是困难的。
因此，鉴于实际方面，本发明的目的是设计用于海上船舶的新型LNG燃料罐装置，该新型LNG燃料罐装置解决了以上讨论的与LNG罐的整体高度以及流量控制阀的定位相关的问题。
本发明的另一个目的是提供新型LNG燃料罐，在该新型LNG燃料罐中，用于将LNG抽吸到燃料罐之外的深井泵布置在LNG燃料罐顶部处的凹部中。
本发明的另一个目的是提供新型LNG燃料罐装置，在该新型LNG燃料罐装置中，控制流量罐的阀布置在LNG燃料罐顶部处的凹部中。
发明内容
本发明的至少一个目的是基本上通过一种海上船舶的燃料罐装置满足的，该燃料罐装置包括用于液化天然气(LNG)的燃料罐，所述燃料罐包括壳体、与其连接的隔热件、用于将LNG灌入所述燃料罐的管线的连接件、用于将蒸发气体从所述燃料罐带出的管线和用于将LNG从所述燃料罐带出的管线以及用于将LNG从所述燃料罐抽吸到所述管线的深井泵，其中，至少一个凹部从所述壳体向内延伸并且布置在所述燃料罐的顶部上，所述深井泵被安装在所述至少一个凹部中。
有利地，以上讨论的燃料罐装置允许将深井泵特别是其驱动马达至少部分地安装在LNG燃料罐的外部尺寸内，由此减小深井泵所需的垂直空间。因此，避免了需要减小LNG燃料罐的直径以能够将LNG燃料罐装配在海上船舶中的两个甲板之间。
附图说明
下面，将参照所附的示例性附图来更详细地描述本发明，在附图中：
图1a示意性例示了现有技术的LNG燃料罐的纵截面；
图1b示意性例示了现有技术的LNG燃料罐的横截面，该横截面是垂直于LNG燃料罐的纵向轴线截取的；
图2a示意性例示了根据本发明的优选实施方式的LNG燃料罐的纵截面；
图2b示意性例示了图2a的LNG燃料罐的横截面，该横截面是垂直于LNG燃料罐的纵向轴线截取的；以及
图3示意性地例示了本发明的凹部的部分纵截面图。
具体实施方式
图1a和图1b示意性例示了安装在海上船舶的下甲板12和上甲板14之间的现有技术的单壁LNG燃料罐10。虚线14’代表这种选择的上甲板，使得上甲板可设置有用于LNG燃料罐10的拱顶16的开口。LNG燃料罐10利用两个或更多个鞍座18安装在下甲板12上。单壁LNG燃料罐具有壳体20、在壳体20外部上的隔热件22和在隔热件外部的覆层24。如果燃料罐是双壁罐，则隔热件处于燃料罐壳体之间。通常，隔热件22为大约300mm厚并且由聚氨酯形成，但是也可以使用其他尺寸和隔热材料。换句话讲，对于双壁罐，除了普通的隔热件之外，还可以使用真空或珍珠岩填充的真空。隔热件22外部的覆层24是出于保护隔热件免受外部磨损、气候等的目的。覆层24优选地由镀锌钢板、玻璃纤维增强聚酯等制成。
在LNG燃料罐10的顶部，设置从壳体20径向向上伸出的拱顶16。拱顶16设置有开口，在这些开口中，管线26、28和30将LNG燃料罐10的内部连接于布置在LNG燃料罐10的纵向端部处的罐连接空间32。管线26用于从LNG燃料罐中去除蒸发气体，管线28用于将LNG灌入LNG燃料罐10中，并且管线30用于经由喷头34和喷嘴36将再冷凝的LNG供给到LNG燃料罐中。拱顶16还设置有深井泵38，深井泵38例如由离心泵40形成，离心泵40布置在靠近LNG燃料罐10的底部的立管42的下端处。取决于LNG燃料罐10的直径，深井泵还在立管42的上端处具有驱动马达44，驱动马达44通常是电动马达，实际上在拱顶上表面上方延伸1-2米。拱顶16和驱动马达44之间的立管42设置有用于将LNG从燃料罐10排出到罐连接空间32的管线连接件46。深井泵38的驱动器44、拱顶16和从拱顶16通向罐连接空间32的管线被封闭在辅助屏障48内。罐连接空间32可包括用于控制管线26-30和46中的流量的阀(未示出)和用于传递要用作海上船舶的一个或更多个内燃发动机中的燃料的LNG的蒸发器，还有其他设备。在另一种选择中，当罐仅仅是用于运输燃料的货物罐时，罐连接空间没有蒸发器，但是管线连接件46用于从罐中卸载LNG燃料。
图2a和图2b示意性例示了根据本发明的优选实施方式的新型LNG燃料罐50。本发明的LNG燃料罐50其基本构造与图1a和图1b的现有技术的罐相似。因此，本发明的单壁(或双壁)LNG燃料罐50利用鞍座58而支撑在海上船舶的下甲板52上。LNG燃料罐50完全位于海上船舶的上甲板54的下方。单壁LNG燃料罐50具有壳体60、布置在壳体60外部的隔热件62和设置在隔热件62上的用于保护隔热件免受冲击、磨损、日光、天气等影响的覆层64。覆层64优选地由镀锌钢板、玻璃纤维增强聚酯等制成，仅举几个选择。如果燃料罐是双壁罐，则隔热件处于燃料罐的内壳体和外壳体之间。在现有技术中已知隔热件本身。本发明的LNG燃料罐50还设置有深井泵，深井泵具有离心泵或其他适宜的泵80、立管82和驱动马达84以及分别用于将LNG灌入罐中、用于从罐中去除蒸发气体、用于将再冷凝的LNG供回到罐和用于从LNG燃料罐去除LNG的至少四个管线连接件68-72和86。
然而，与现有技术的LNG燃料罐相反，本发明的LNG燃料罐50没有设置从外壳体径向向上延伸的拱顶，而是设置有对应的凹部56、桶或池，即为LNG燃料罐50的壳体60内的管线连接件68-72和深井泵78提供空间的一种倒置拱顶。
图3示意性地例示了本发明的“倒置拱顶”的部分截面图。在图3中，已经示出，凹部具有优选的但不一定的水平底部56’和侧壁56”。优选地，侧壁56”是大体垂直的，但是也可以使用更多或更少的倾斜侧壁。凹部56的水平横截面可以是圆形的，但是也可以使用椭圆形、矩形或具有圆角的矩形的形状，还有其他形状。另外，当谈到凹部56的侧壁56”时，意指的是凹部的整个圆周，即，即使矩形凹部可被视为具有四个侧壁，但是本发明中使用的术语“侧壁”涵盖凹部56的所有侧壁。该凹部的深度D1等于LNG燃料罐50的直径的5％至30％，优选地，在5％和15％之间。
图3的凹部不仅包含管线连接件，而且还包括多个阀，利用这些阀来控制各种液体和气体的流动。换句话说，将LNG引入LNG燃料储存罐50的管线68设置有阀88，利用阀88来控制LNG流向罐50。喷头74和喷嘴76接收经由阀90从灌入管线68通向管线72的LNG，或接收经由阀92从LNG排放管线86通向管线72的LNG，进行再循环。从罐50中取得蒸发气体的管线70设置有阀94和阀96，阀94用于控制通向导向燃料储藏站的蒸汽返回连接件的或者如有必要经由通向大气的安全减压阀的气体排放，阀96将蒸发气体带到导向蒸发器的管线86(在所使用的罐是用于为发动机加燃料的LNG燃料罐的情况下)。与经过隔热件62和壳体60的底部56’的深井泵立管82连接的LNG排放线路86设置有阀98，阀98用于控制LNG燃料储存罐50的LNG排放。每条管线68-72和86上的箭头表示管线中的流动方向。
以上讨论的器械(即，管线和阀)必须布置在辅助屏障100内，使得只有用于灌入LNG的管线68、用于排放蒸发气体的管线70和用于将抽吸的LNG带到蒸发器的管线86被从辅助屏障100中取出。所讨论的仪器可以完全装配到凹部56中，其可部分定位在凹部56的外部，或者其可完全定位在凹部56的外部。然而，优选地，阀中的至少一个位于凹部内。因此，器械的定位完全取决于凹部56的尺寸，即，宽度和深度。然而，为了本发明的操作，即，为了解决与本发明相关的问题，深井泵必须被布置在凹部56中。凹部不一定非常深，以致于泵(或者说，其排放连接件和驱动马达)完全容纳在凹部中，但是在任何情况下，深井泵的垂直高度的大部分被装配在“倒置拱顶”中。换句话说，根据本发明的优选实施方式，驱动马达至少部分位于凹部内。由此，与现有技术的LNG燃料罐相比，LNG燃料储存罐50的直径可对应地增加。
鉴于以上，还应该理解，在LNG燃料罐的顶部处不仅可以有一个凹部，而且还可另外设置两个或更多个凹部。自然地，凹部可以具有不同的尺寸，因为容纳深井泵的凹部显然是最深的凹部，而容纳器械的凹部会更浅。
虽然本文中通过结合目前被视为本发明的最优选实施方式的内容的示例描述了本发明，但是要理解，本发明不限于所公开的实施方式，但是旨在涵盖所附权利要求书中定义的本发明范围内包括的其特征和多个其他应用的各种组合或变型。应该理解，罐装置包括若干特征，为了清晰起见，未在附图中示出这些特征，例如，尚未示出关于确定罐中的压力、温度或LNG液面高度的各罐装置中存在的所有这种设备。

Claims (14)

1.一种海上船舶的燃料罐装置，该燃料罐装置包括用于液化天然气(LNG)的燃料罐(50)，所述燃料罐包括壳体(60)、与所述壳体连接的隔热件(62)、用于将LNG灌入所述燃料罐(50)的管线(68)的连接件、用于将蒸发气体从所述燃料罐(50)带出的管线(70)的连接件和用于将LNG从所述燃料罐(50)带出的管线(86)的连接件以及用于将LNG从所述燃料罐(50)抽吸到所述管线(86)的深井泵(58)，其特征在于，至少一个凹部(56)从所述壳体(60)向内延伸并且布置在所述燃料罐(50)的顶部上，所述深井泵(58)被安装在所述至少一个凹部(56)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述凹部具有底部(56’)和侧壁(56”)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述深井泵(58)包括泵(80)、立管(82)和驱动马达(84)，并且所述立管(82)穿过所述底部(56’)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述深井泵(58)的所述驱动马达(84)至少部分地位于所述凹部(56)内。
5.根据权利要求2所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述侧壁(56”)设置有用于将蒸发气体从所述燃料罐(50)带出的所述管线(70)的开口。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述燃料罐(50)设置有用于将LNG喷射到所述燃料罐(50)中的喷射装置(74、76)和用于将LNG引入所述喷射装置(74、76)中的管线(72)。
7.根据权利要求2和6所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述侧壁(56”)设置有用于所述喷射装置(74、76)和所述管线(72)中的一者的至少一个开口。
8.根据权利要求1所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述燃料罐(50)具有直径，并且所述至少一个凹部的深度等于所述燃料罐(50)的直径的5％至30％。
9.根据权利要求1所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于控制所述管线(68、70、72、86)中或这些管线之间的流动的阀(88、90、92、94、96、98)，并且所述阀(88、90、92、94、96、98)中的至少一个布置在所述至少一个凹部(56)中。
10.根据权利要求1所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个凹部(56)从上方覆盖有辅助屏障(100)。
11.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述燃料罐(50)是单壁燃料罐，在其壳体(60)上具有隔热件(62)并且在所述隔热件(62)上设置有覆层(64)。
12.根据前述权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述燃料罐是双壁燃料罐，具有内壳体和外壳体以及位于所述内壳体和所述外壳体之间的隔热件。
13.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述燃料罐(50)被安装在海上船舶的下甲板(12)和上甲板(14)之间。
14.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的燃料罐装置，其特征在于，所述燃料罐(50)是用于运输LNG的罐或用于储存LNG的罐，LNG被作为燃料经由蒸发器带至所述海上船舶的一个或更多个内燃发动机。
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