WO2019030888A1 - 破断検知装置 - Google Patents
破断検知装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019030888A1 WO2019030888A1 PCT/JP2017/029054 JP2017029054W WO2019030888A1 WO 2019030888 A1 WO2019030888 A1 WO 2019030888A1 JP 2017029054 W JP2017029054 W JP 2017029054W WO 2019030888 A1 WO2019030888 A1 WO 2019030888A1
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- car
- output signal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
- B66B7/1207—Checking means
- B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
- B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
- B66B1/32—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on braking devices, e.g. acting on electrically controlled brakes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for detecting breakage of a strand generated in a rope.
- the elevator car is suspended by the main rope in the hoistway.
- the main rope is wound around a pulley, such as a drive sheave of a hoist.
- the main rope is repeatedly bent by the movement of the car. For this reason, the main rope gradually deteriorates.
- the strands constituting the main rope are broken.
- the strands to which the strands are wound may break.
- including breakage of the strand is also referred to as breakage of the strand.
- the broken wire projects from the surface of the main rope. For this reason, when the elevator is operated in a state where the wire is broken, the broken wire contacts an apparatus provided in the hoistway.
- Patent Document 1 describes an elevator apparatus.
- a detection member is provided to face the main rope. Also, displacement of the detection member is detected by the sensor. The broken wire is detected based on the displacement detected by the sensor.
- the range through which the main rope passes is predetermined for each pulley. For example, a portion of the main rope passes through the drive sheave. The part passing through the drive sheave does not necessarily pass through the counterweight of the counterweight. For this reason, when it is going to detect the breakage
- An object of the present invention is to provide a breakage detection device capable of detecting that breakage of a strand has occurred with a simple configuration.
- the breakage detection device comprises: a sensor whose output signal fluctuates when vibration occurs in the elevator rope; first extraction means for extracting a vibration component of a specific frequency band from the output signal of the sensor; Based on the second extraction unit that attenuates the steady vibration component and the incremental vibration component from the vibration component extracted by the extraction unit and extracts the determination signal, and based on the determination signal extracted by the second extraction unit, When the first detection means detects that an abnormal fluctuation has occurred and the first detection means detects that an abnormal fluctuation has occurred, based on the position of the elevator car when the fluctuation occurs, And a first determination unit that determines whether or not a break exists in the rope.
- a breakage detection device includes a first extraction unit, a second extraction unit, a first detection unit, and a first determination unit.
- the first extraction means extracts a vibration component of a specific frequency band from the output signal of the sensor.
- the second extraction unit attenuates the steady vibration component and the incremental vibration component from the vibration component extracted by the first extraction unit, and extracts a determination signal.
- the first detection means detects the occurrence of abnormal fluctuation in the output signal of the sensor based on the determination signal.
- the first determination means determines whether or not a break exists in the rope based on the position of the elevator car when the change occurs. Determine With the breakage detection device according to the present invention, occurrence of breakage of the wire can be detected by a simple configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a breakage detection device in a first embodiment.
- 5 is a flowchart showing an operation example of the breakage detection device in the first embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the function of a 1st extraction part. It is a figure which shows transition of the fluctuation
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of the breakage detection device in the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of a fracture part. It is a figure which shows the example of a fracture part. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the function of a calculating part and a determination part. It is a figure which shows the example of the signal input into the subtractor of a 2nd extraction part. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the function of a 2nd extraction part.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of the breakage detection device in the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of a fracture part. It is a figure which shows the example of a fracture part. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the function of a calculating part and a determination part. It is a figure which shows the example of the signal input into the subtractor of a 2nd extraction part. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the function of a 2nd extraction part.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a breakage detection device in a third embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of the hardware element with which a control apparatus is provided. It is a figure which shows the other example of the hardware element with which a control apparatus is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing an elevator apparatus.
- the car 1 moves up and down the hoistway 2.
- the hoistway 2 is, for example, a vertically extending space formed inside a building.
- the counterweight 3 moves up and down the hoistway 2.
- the car 1 and the counterweight 3 are suspended by the main rope 4 in the hoistway 2.
- the method of roping for suspending the car 1 and the counterweight 3 is not limited to the example shown in FIG.
- the car 1 and the counterweight 3 may be suspended in the hoistway 2 with a 1: 1 roping.
- one end 4 a of the main rope 4 is supported by a fixed body provided at the top of the hoistway 2.
- the main rope 4 extends downward from the end 4a.
- the main rope 4 is wound around the hanging wheel 5, the hanging wheel 6, the return wheel 7, the drive sheave 8, the return wheel 9 and the hanging wheel 10 from the end 4 a side.
- the main rope 4 extends upward from the portion wound around the hanging wheel 10.
- the other end 4 b of the main rope 4 is supported by a fixed body provided at the top of the hoistway 2.
- the hanging wheel 5 and the hanging wheel 6 are provided in the car 1.
- the hanger 5 and the hanger 6 are rotatably provided, for example, on a member that supports the car floor.
- the return wheel 7 and the return wheel 9 are rotatably provided, for example, on a fixed body at the top of the hoistway 2.
- the drive sheave 8 is provided to the hoisting machine 11.
- the hoisting machine 11 is provided in a pit of the hoistway 2.
- the hanging cart 10 is provided to the counterweight 3.
- the suspension wheel 10 is rotatably provided, for example, on a frame that supports the adjustment weight.
- the drive sheave 8 may be disposed at the top of the hoistway 2.
- the drive sheave 8 may be disposed in a machine room (not shown) above the hoistway 2.
- the weighing device 12 detects the load of the car 1.
- the weighing device 12 detects the loading load of the car 1 based on the load applied to the end 4 a of the main rope 4.
- the weighing device 12 outputs a weighing signal according to the detected load.
- the weighing signal output from the weighing device 12 is input to the control device 13.
- the hoisting machine 11 has a function of detecting a torque.
- the hoisting machine 11 outputs a torque signal according to the detected torque.
- the torque signal output from the hoisting machine 11 is input to the control device 13.
- the control device 13 controls the hoisting machine 11. Control device 13 calculates a command value for the rotational speed of drive sheave 8. Further, in the hoisting machine 11, the rotational speed of the drive sheave 8 is measured. The measured value of the rotational speed of the drive sheave 8 is input from the hoisting machine 11 to the control device 13. The control device 13 generates a speed deviation signal corresponding to the difference between the command value and the actual value with respect to the rotational speed of the drive sheave 8.
- the speed governor 15 operates the safety gear (not shown) when the lowering speed of the car 1 exceeds the reference speed.
- the emergency stop is provided to the car 1.
- the governor 15 includes, for example, a governor rope 16, a governor wheel 17 and an encoder 18.
- the speed control rope 16 is connected to the car 1.
- the speed control rope 16 is wound around the speed control sheave 17.
- the encoder 18 outputs a rotation signal according to the rotation direction and rotation angle of the regulating sheave 17.
- the rotation signal output from the encoder 18 is input to the control device 13.
- the encoder 18 is an example of a sensor that outputs a signal according to the position of the car 1.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the return wheel 7.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a cross section of the return wheel 7.
- a detent 19 is provided on the member that supports the return wheel 7. In the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the detent 19 is provided on the shaft 7 a of the return wheel 7. The detent 19 prevents the main rope 4 from coming off the groove of the return wheel 7. The detent 19 opposes the main rope 4 with a certain gap.
- the detent 19 has, for example, a facing portion 19a and a facing portion 19b.
- the facing portion 19 a faces a portion of the main rope 4 away from the groove of the return wheel 7.
- the facing portion 19 b faces another portion of the main rope 4 which is separated from the groove of the return wheel 7.
- the return wheel 7 is used to change the direction in which the main rope 4 moves by 180 degrees. For this reason, the opposing portion 19 a and the opposing portion 19 b are disposed on both sides of the return wheel 7. If no abnormality occurs in the main ropes 4, the main ropes 4 do not contact the detents 19.
- FIG.2 and FIG.3 shows the example which the fracture
- the main rope 4 is formed by winding a plurality of strands.
- the strands are formed by winding a plurality of strands.
- the broken part 4c is a part where the wire is broken.
- the breakage portion 4 c may be a portion where the strand is broken.
- FIG. 2 and 3 show a return wheel 7 as an example of a pulley on which the main rope 4 is wound.
- a locking device may be provided for other pulleys such as the hanging wheel 5 or the like.
- a detent may be provided for other pulleys not shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 4 to 6 are diagrams for explaining the movement of the broken part 4 c of the main rope 4.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which the car 1 is stopped at the bottom floor landing. In the state where the car 1 is stopped at the landing on the lowermost floor, the broken portion 4 c is present between the portion of the main rope 4 wound around the end 5 a from the end 4 a.
- FIG. 6 shows the car 1 stopped at the landing on the top floor.
- the broken portion 4 c is present between the portion of the main rope 4 wound around the return wheel 7 and the portion wound around the drive sheave 8. That is, when the car 1 moves from the landing on the lower floor to the landing on the top floor, the broken part 4 c passes through the suspended wheel 5, the suspended wheel 6 and the return wheel 7. Even if the car 1 moves from the bottom floor landing to the top floor landing, the broken portion 4 c does not pass through the drive sheave 8, the return cart 9 and the hanging cart 10.
- the break 4c does not necessarily pass through all the pulleys.
- the combination of the pulleys through which the broken part 4c passes is determined by the position at which the broken part 4c is generated.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in which the car 1 is moving from the bottom floor landing to the top floor landing.
- the broken portion 4 c is present in the portion of the main rope 4 wound around the hanging wheel 5.
- the broken portion 4 c contacts the detachment prevention for the suspension wheel 5.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an output signal from a sensor.
- the signal output from the sensor is also referred to as a sensor signal.
- FIG. 7A shows the position of the car 1.
- the car 1 moves only up and down.
- the position of the car 1 is synonymous with the height at which the car 1 exists.
- FIG. 7A shows a change in car position when the car 1 moves from the lower floor to the position P and then returns to the lower floor.
- FIG. 7 (a) the car position on the lowermost floor is zero.
- the waveform shown in FIG. 7A is obtained based on the rotation signal from the encoder 18.
- FIG. 7B shows an example of the sensor signal.
- FIG. 7 (b) shows the torque of the hoisting machine 11.
- FIG. 7B shows the waveform of the torque signal output from the hoisting machine 11 when the car 1 moves between the lower floor and the position P.
- the maximum torque is T q1 .
- the minimum torque is -T q2 .
- FIG. 7C shows an example of the sensor signal.
- FIG. 7C shows the speed deviation of the rotational speed of the drive sheave 8.
- FIG. 7C shows the waveform of the velocity deviation signal generated by the controller 13 when the car 1 moves between the lower floor and the position P.
- FIG. 7D shows an example of the sensor signal.
- FIG. 7 (d) shows the load on the car 1.
- FIG. 7 (d) shows the waveform of the weighing signal output from the weighing device 12.
- FIG. 7D shows an example in which the load on the car 1 is w [kg].
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an output signal from a sensor.
- FIG. 8 (a) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 (a).
- FIG. 8 (b) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 (b).
- FIG. 8 (c) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 (c).
- FIG. 8 (d) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 (d).
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a waveform obtained when the broken portion 4 c is present in the main rope 4.
- Breaking unit 4c passes through a pulley located when the car 1 passes the position P 1.
- the break 4c passes through the return wheel 7 when the car 1 passes the position P1.
- the broken portion 4 c contacts the disengagement stop 19. Thereby, the vibration is generated in the main rope 4 when the car 1 passes the position P 1.
- the end 4a of the main rope 4 is displaced, the weighing signal output from the weighing device 12 is affected. That is, when the vibration generated in the main rope 4 reaches the end 4a, a fluctuation occurs in the weighing signal from the weighing device 12.
- FIG. 9 is a view schematically showing an elevator apparatus.
- the movement of the car 1 is guided by a guide rail provided in the hoistway 2.
- the guide rail comprises a number of rail members 20 of the same length.
- the guide rails are arranged over the moving range of the car 1 by connecting a large number of rail members 20 vertically.
- all the rail members 20 with which the guide rail was equipped do not need to be the same length.
- the guide rail has a joint of the rail members 20.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an output signal from a sensor.
- FIG. 10 (a) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 (a).
- FIG. 10 (b) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 (b).
- FIG.10 (c) is a figure corresponding to FIG.7 (c).
- FIG. 10 (d) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 (d).
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a waveform obtained when the oil supplied to the guide rail is depleted.
- Car 1 passes through a seam with a rail member 20 at a position P 2. As the car 1 passes this joint, the car 1 slightly shakes. As a result, vibrations occur in the main rope 4 and fluctuations occur in the weighing signal from the weighing device 12. Similarly, when the car 1 passes the position P 2, variation occurs in the speed deviation signal generated by the controller 13. When the car 1 passes the position P 2, the variation in the torque signal from the hoisting machine 11 occurs.
- the sensor signal may fluctuate when the car 1 passes the joint of the rail member 20. Fluctuations in the sensor signal due to the joints of the rail members 20 occur repeatedly at the same car position. In addition, since the amount of oil on the surface of the guide rail gradually decreases, the fluctuation of the sensor signal caused by the joint of the rail member 20 increases with the passage of time.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a section of the return wheel 7.
- FIG. 11A is a view corresponding to the AA cross section of FIG. FIG. 11 (a) shows an example in which the groove formed in the return wheel 7 is worn.
- the center of the main rope 4 before the groove is worn is indicated by the symbol O.
- the center of the main rope 4 when the groove is worn is indicated by the symbol O '.
- FIG. 11A when the groove formed in the return wheel 7 wears, the position where the main rope 4 passes is shifted. The deviation of the position through which the main rope 4 passes is also generated by the deviation of the shaft 7a of the return wheel 7.
- FIG. 11 (b) shows a cross section when the return wheel 7 is cut in the direction orthogonal to the axis 7 a.
- the shape of the return wheel 7 before being worn is indicated by a symbol r.
- the shape of the return wheel 7 after being worn is indicated by a symbol r '.
- the cross section of the return wheel 7 before the groove is worn is circular.
- the cross section of the return wheel 7 is not circular. For this reason, when the groove wears unevenly, the position where the main rope 4 passes is shifted by the rotation of the return wheel 7. If the groove wears unevenly, the passing position of the main rope 4 changes depending on the rotation angle of the return wheel 7.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of an output signal from a sensor.
- FIG. 12 (a) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 (a).
- FIG.12 (b) is a figure corresponding to FIG.7 (b).
- FIG.12 (c) is a figure corresponding to FIG.7 (c).
- FIG.12 (d) is a figure corresponding to FIG.7 (d).
- FIG. 12 shows an example of a waveform obtained when the groove formed on the return wheel 7 wears.
- FIG. 12 shows only the variation that appears in the sensor signal as the car 1 moves in a certain section. If attention is focused only on the specific car position, fluctuation of the sensor signal due to the pulley abnormality will be generated repeatedly. In addition, since the wear of the groove progresses gradually, the fluctuation of the sensor signal due to the pulley abnormality increases with the passage of time.
- the cause of the fluctuation in the sensor signal is not limited to the above example. Since the main rope 4 is wound around a pulley, there is friction between the main rope 4 and the pulley. Also, there is friction between the guide members provided on the car 1 and the guide rails. For this reason, even if the car 1 simply moves, such fluctuation caused by the friction occurs in the sensor signal. It should be noted that focusing on only a specific car position, the fluctuation of the sensor signal due to the friction will occur repeatedly. Also, the fluctuation of the sensor signal due to friction is like a DC component and does not necessarily increase with the passage of time.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the breakage detection device in the first embodiment.
- the control device 13 includes, for example, a storage unit 21, an extraction unit 22, an extraction unit 23, a detection unit 24, a car position detection unit 25, a determination unit 26, an operation control unit 27, and a notification unit 28.
- FIG. 13 shows an example in which the control device 13 has a function of detecting the broken portion 4 c present in the main rope 4.
- the elevator device may be provided with a dedicated device for detecting the breakage 4c.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an operation example of the breakage detection device in the first embodiment.
- the extraction unit 22 extracts a vibration component of a specific frequency band from the sensor signal (S101).
- a balance signal, a speed deviation signal, and a torque signal can be used as a sensor signal.
- an acceleration signal from an accelerometer (not shown) provided in the car 1 may be used as a sensor signal.
- an example using a torque signal as a sensor signal will be described in detail.
- the extraction unit 22 extracts a vibration component of a specific frequency band from the torque signal in S101.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an example of the function of the first extraction unit.
- the first extraction unit is the extraction unit 22.
- the extraction unit 22 includes, for example, a band pass filter 32.
- the band pass filter is also referred to as BPF in the drawings and the like.
- the band pass filter 32 receives a torque signal from the hoisting machine 11.
- the band pass filter 32 extracts vibration components of a specific frequency band including the frequency f from the input torque signal.
- the length d of the broken part 4c is preset. For example, as the length d, the length of the melted strand when the strand of 0.5 pitch to several pitches is melted is set.
- the moving speed v is determined according to the moving speed of the car 1.
- the moving speed v of the main rope 4 can be calculated from the rated speed of the car 1.
- the extraction unit 22 may further include an amplifier 33 as shown in FIG.
- the amplifier 33 squares the signal u, for example.
- the extraction unit 22 may obtain the square root of the signal u 2 output from the amplifier 33.
- the absolute value of the signal u may be obtained in the extraction unit 22 and the sign of the signal may be made positive.
- the signal output from the extraction unit 22 is referred to as an output signal Y.
- the signal output from the extraction unit 22 is also referred to as an output signal Y of the band pass filter 32.
- FIG. 15 shows an example in which the extraction unit 22 includes a band pass filter 32 in order to filter the input torque signal.
- the extraction unit 22 may include a non-linear filter to extract a vibration component of a specific frequency band.
- An adaptive filter algorithm may be applied to the extraction unit 22 to extract vibration components of a specific frequency band.
- the extraction unit 23 extracts a determination signal from the vibration component extracted by the extraction unit 22 (S102).
- the determination signal is a signal necessary to determine that a sudden change has occurred in the sensor signal.
- the extraction unit 23 obtains a determination signal by attenuating the trend component from the vibration component extracted by the extraction unit 22.
- the trend component is, for example, a component that indicates a long-term change tendency of vibration in traveling of the car 1 about 1000 times.
- the trend component includes, for example, a steady vibration component and an incremental vibration component.
- FIG. 16 to FIG. 18 are diagrams showing the transition of the variation generated in the sensor signal.
- the vertical axis indicates a value corresponding to the amplitude of the variation generated in the sensor signal.
- the horizontal axis indicates the number of times the elevator has been activated.
- the horizontal axis may be the elapsed time since the elevator was installed.
- the horizontal axis may be the number of times the car 1 has passed the position P 1 .
- FIG. 16 shows the value of the output signal Y obtained when the car 1 passes the position P 1 .
- the broken portion 4c is not generated in the main rope 4.
- FIG. 16 shows an example in which the broken portion 4c is generated in the main rope 4 when the number of times of activation is M2.
- the breakage 4c is suddenly generated by the breakage of the wire. For this reason, the fluctuation of the sensor signal caused by the broken part 4c occurs suddenly.
- the value of the output signal Y suddenly increases compared to the immediately preceding value.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the transition of the variation generated in the sensor signal.
- FIG. 19 shows a transition when the car 1 reciprocates between the lowermost floor and the position P twice after the breakage portion 4 c is generated in the main rope 4.
- the car 1 passes the position P 1 at time t 1 , time t 2 , time t 5 and time t 6 .
- FIG. 19 (b) shows the torque of the hoisting machine 11.
- FIG. 19C shows the value of the output signal Y.
- Figure 17 shows the value of the output signal Y obtained when the car 1 passes the position P 2.
- the amount of oil applied to the guide rails does not change suddenly.
- the oil applied to the guide rails gradually decreases and eventually exhausts if no oil is supplied.
- the fluctuation of the sensor signal caused by the joint of the rail member 20 gradually increases with time as shown in FIG.
- the fluctuation of the sensor signal caused by the pulley abnormality becomes gradually larger with time as shown in FIG. 17 like the fluctuation of the sensor signal caused by the joint of the rail member 20.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the output signal Y having an incremental vibration component.
- the gradually increasing vibration component is a vibration component that slowly grows with time among the vibration components extracted by the extraction unit 22.
- the gradually increasing vibration component is based on the fluctuation of the sensor signal after oil is supplied to the guide rail, and the hoisting machine torque signal is 1 [N / m] when the car 1 passes the joint of the rail member 20 1000 times. It is a vibration component that fluctuates at a speed that fluctuates.
- the extraction unit 23 attenuates the vibration component as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 shows the value of the output signal Y obtained when the car 1 passes a certain position.
- the fluctuation of the sensor signal due to friction always shows the same value as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of the output signal Y having a steady vibration component.
- the steady-state vibration component is a vibration component generated in a steady state such as a DC component among the vibration components extracted by the extraction unit 22.
- the steady-state vibration component may include a vibration component whose variation is slower than the incremental vibration component.
- a steady-state vibration component may include a vibration component that requires 1000 or more activations (passing the seam) in order for the hoisting machine torque signal to fluctuate by 1 [N / m].
- the extraction unit 23 attenuates the vibration component as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram three-dimensionally showing the transition of the variation generated in the sensor signal.
- FIG. 20 corresponds to a diagram in which the signal shown in FIG. 16 and the signal shown in FIG. 17 are combined and displayed.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining an example of the function of the second extraction unit.
- the second extraction unit is the extraction unit 23.
- the extraction unit 23 includes, for example, a low pass filter 34 and a subtractor 35.
- a low pass filter is also referred to as an LPF in the drawings and the like.
- the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 is input to the low pass filter 34.
- the subtractor 35 receives the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 and the output signal Z of the low pass filter 34.
- the subtractor 35 outputs a difference signal YZ between the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 and the output signal Z of the low pass filter 34 as a determination signal.
- the output signal YZ of the subtractor 35 is input to the detection unit 24.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for describing an implementation example of the first extraction unit and the second extraction unit.
- FIG. 22 (a) shows the torque of the hoisting machine 11.
- FIG. The torque signal shown in FIG. 22 (a) is input to the band pass filter 32.
- FIG. 22 (b) shows the output signal u 2 of the amplifier 33.
- the output signal u 2 of the amplifier 33 is a continuous signal.
- the extraction unit 22 discretizes the continuous output signal u 2 .
- the extraction unit 22 outputs the discretized signal as the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32.
- FIG. 22 shows an example in which unit sections are set at fixed heights.
- a section of car positions 0 m to 0.3 m is set as the first unit section.
- a section with a car position of 0.3 m to 0.6 m is set as the second unit section.
- the second unit section is a section immediately above the first unit section.
- a section at a car position of 0.6 m to 0.9 m is set as the third unit section.
- the third unit section is a section immediately above the second unit section. The same applies to the section above the third unit section.
- the n-th unit section is also described as a section n in the drawings and the like.
- the extraction unit 22 discretizes the continuous output signal u 2 by extracting one signal for each unit interval. For example, the extraction unit 22 extracts the signal u 2 having the largest value in one unit section as the output signal Y of the unit section.
- the extraction unit 23 is provided with low pass filters 34 corresponding to each of the unit sections.
- the low pass filter 34 corresponding to the first unit section is described as a filter 34-1.
- the low pass filter 34 corresponding to the second unit section is referred to as a filter 34-2.
- the low pass filter 34 corresponding to the third unit section is referred to as a filter 34-3.
- the low pass filter 34 corresponding to the nth unit interval is denoted as a filter 34-n.
- the filter 34-1 receives the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 when the car 1 is moving in the first unit section.
- the output signal Z from the filter 34-1 corresponds to the trend component in the first unit section.
- An output signal Z from the filter 34-1 is input to a subtractor 35.
- An output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 when the car 1 is moving in the second unit section is input to the filter 34-2.
- the output signal Z from the filter 34-2 corresponds to the trend component in the second unit section.
- An output signal Z from the filter 34-2 is input to a subtractor 35.
- An output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 when the car 1 moves in the third unit section is input to the filter 34-3.
- the output signal Z from the filter 34-3 corresponds to the trend component in the third unit section.
- the output signal Z from the filter 34-3 is input to the subtractor 35.
- the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 when the car 1 moves in the nth unit section is input to the filter 34-n.
- the output signal Z from the filter 34-n corresponds to the trend component in the nth unit interval.
- the output signal Z from the filter 34-n is input to the subtractor 35.
- the subtractor 35 determines the difference signal between the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 and the output signal Z from the filter 34-1 when the car 1 is moving in the first unit section, in the first unit section Output as The subtractor 35 determines the difference signal between the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 and the output signal Z from the filter 34-2 when the car 1 is moving in the second unit section, in the second unit section Output as The subtractor 35 determines the difference signal between the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 and the output signal Z from the filter 34-3 when the car 1 is moving in the third unit section, in the third unit section Output as Similarly, the subtractor 35 sets the difference signal between the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 and the output signal Z from the filter 34-n when the car 1 is moving the nth unit interval, to the nth unit interval It outputs as a judgment signal in
- FIG. 21 and 22 show an example in which the trend component of the output signal Y is obtained by performing low-pass filter processing on the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32.
- FIG. 21 and 22 show an example in which the trend component of the output signal Y is obtained by performing low-pass filter processing on the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32.
- FIG. 21 and 22 show an example in which the trend component of the output signal Y is obtained by performing low-pass filter processing on the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32.
- FIG. In order to realize such a function, it is necessary to set the time constant of the low pass filter 34 to a relatively large value.
- the above-mentioned normal value is, for example, the value of the fluctuation of the sensor signal obtained by moving the car 1 with the oil sufficiently applied to the guide rails immediately after the installation of the elevator.
- the abnormal value is a value of fluctuation of the sensor signal preset as an abnormal value.
- the travel times of the car 1 the value of the variation of the sensor signal is required to return to the normal value from the abnormal value by the oil in the guide rail is supplied to TF 2.
- Number of running times TF 2 is less than the number of running times TF 1.
- the time constant of the low pass filter 34 is preferably set based on the number of running times TF 2. As an example, the time constant is set such that the output of the low pass filter 34 follows a constant input value by passing the joint of the car 1 through the seam with the rail member 1000 1000 ⁇ 200 times.
- the time constant of the low pass filter 34 may be switched according to the number of travels of the car 1. For example, from being oil supplied to the guide rail until the running number of the car 1 reaches the reference number, the time constant of the low pass filter 34 is set to the first setting value based on the number of running times TF 2. When the number of travels of the car 1 after refueling reaches the reference number, the time constant of the low pass filter 34 is switched from the first set value to the second set value.
- the second set value is a value larger than the first set value.
- the second set value is set based on, for example, on the number of running times TF 1. Thereby, the trend component according to the state of oil can be obtained.
- FIGS. 23 to 25 show examples of signals input to the subtractor 35.
- White squares indicate the output signal Z of the low pass filter 34.
- FIG. 23 shows an example in which the output signal Y shown in FIG. As described above, when the broken portion 4 c occurs in the main rope 4, the output signal Y rapidly increases. On the other hand, the output signal Z of the low pass filter 34 does not follow the rapid change of the output signal Y. Therefore, the difference between the output signal Y and the output signal Z suddenly increases due to the occurrence of the broken portion 4 c in the main rope 4. After the breakage portion 4c is generated, the difference between the output signal Y and the output signal Z gradually decreases.
- FIG. 24 shows an example in which the output signal Y shown in FIG. As described above, as the oil on the surface of the guide rail decreases, the value of the output signal Y gradually increases. When a slow change as shown in FIG. 17 appears in the output signal Y, the output signal Z follows the change in the output signal Y. For this reason, in the example shown in FIG. 24, the output signal Y and the output signal Z have similar values.
- FIG. 25 shows an example in which the output signal Y shown in FIG. 18 is input to the subtractor 35.
- the output signal Z follows the change in the output signal Y. Therefore, also in the example shown in FIG. 25, the output signal Y and the output signal Z have similar values.
- a value other than 0 be set as the initial value of the low pass filter 34.
- 0 is output as the initial value of the output signal Z of the low-pass filter 34, for example, when a large value is output as the initial value of the output signal Y by the car 1 passing the seam of the rail member 20, the determination signal The value of Y-Z suddenly increases and false detection occurs.
- the determination signal YZ at this time is the difference between the initial value of the output signal Y and the initial value of the output signal Z. If a value other than 0 is set as the initial value of the output signal Z, even if a large value is output as the initial value of the output signal Y, the value of the determination signal YZ does not suddenly increase. Therefore, false detection can be prevented.
- As an initial value of the low pass filter 34 for example, it is desirable to set a value obtained by multiplying a value of a first threshold described later by one or more coefficients.
- the extraction unit 23 may extract the determination signal without including the low pass filter 34.
- the extraction unit 23 may calculate the trend component of the vibration based on the moving average value of the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32.
- the extraction unit 23 calculates a moving average value from, for example, the output signals Y for the last 20 times.
- the extraction unit 23 may calculate a trend component of vibration using a machine learning algorithm such as a neural network. That is, the extraction unit 23 may have a learning function.
- the above is an example.
- the extraction unit 23 may calculate the moving average value from, for example, the output signals Y for the nearest arbitrary number of times.
- the above arbitrary number is, for example, the number included in 10 times to 100 times.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating another example for realizing the function of the second extraction unit.
- the extraction unit 23 includes, for example, a high pass filter 36.
- the high pass filter is also referred to as HPF in the drawings and the like.
- output signal YZ of subtractor 35 is expressed by the following equation.
- Equation 2 s is the Laplace operator. ⁇ is a time constant.
- the transfer function in Equation 2 is a transfer function of a first-order high pass filter. That is, the extraction unit 23 can realize the same function as the example shown in FIG. 21 even in the example shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 26, the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 is input to the high pass filter 36.
- the high pass filter 36 outputs a signal corresponding to the output signal YZ of the subtracter 35 as a determination signal.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram for describing another implementation example of the first extraction unit and the second extraction unit.
- FIG. 27 illustrates an example in which the extraction unit 23 includes the high pass filter 36.
- FIG. 27 (a) shows the torque of the hoisting machine 11.
- FIG. The torque signal shown in FIG. 27A is input to the band pass filter 32.
- FIG. 27 (b) shows the output signal u 2 of the amplifier 33.
- the extraction unit 22 discretizes the continuous output signal u 2 . Similar to the example shown in FIG. 22, the extraction unit 22 outputs the discretized signal as the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32.
- the section in which the car 1 moves is virtually divided into a plurality of unit sections which are continuous up and down.
- the extraction unit 22 extracts, for example, the signal u 2 having the largest value in one unit section as the output signal Y of the unit section.
- the extraction unit 23 includes high pass filters 36 corresponding to each of the unit sections.
- the high pass filter 36 corresponding to the first unit section is referred to as a filter 36-1.
- the high pass filter 36 corresponding to the second unit section is referred to as a filter 36-2.
- the high pass filter 36 corresponding to the third unit section is referred to as a filter 36-3.
- the high pass filter 36 corresponding to the nth unit interval is denoted as a filter 36-n.
- An output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 when the car 1 moves in the first unit section is input to the filter 36-1.
- the filter 36-1 outputs a signal obtained by attenuating the trend component from the output signal Y.
- the output signal YZ from the filter 36-1 is a determination signal in the first unit section.
- An output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 when the car 1 moves in the second unit section is input to the filter 36-2.
- the filter 36-2 outputs a signal obtained by attenuating the trend component from the output signal Y.
- the output signal YZ from the filter 36-2 is a determination signal in the second unit section.
- An output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 when the car 1 moves in the third unit section is input to the filter 36-3.
- the filter 36-3 outputs a signal obtained by attenuating the trend component from the output signal Y.
- the output signal YZ from the filter 36-3 is a determination signal in the third unit section.
- the filter 36-n receives the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 when the car 1 moves in the nth unit section.
- the filter 36-n outputs a signal obtained by attenuating the trend component from the output signal Y.
- the output signal YZ from the filter 36-n is a determination signal in the nth unit section.
- the detection unit 24 Based on the determination signal extracted by the extraction unit 23, the detection unit 24 detects that an abnormal fluctuation has occurred in the sensor signal (S103). The detection unit 24 detects a sudden change generated in the sensor signal as an abnormal change. For example, the detection unit 24 determines whether the value of the determination signal extracted by the extraction unit 23 exceeds the first threshold. When the value of the determination signal extracted by the extraction unit 23 exceeds the first threshold, the detection unit 24 detects that an abnormal fluctuation has occurred in the sensor signal.
- the first threshold is stored in advance in the storage unit 21.
- the control device 13 may set the first threshold by performing a specific operation of actually moving the car 1. For example, when installation of the elevator is completed, setting operation for setting the first threshold is performed. In setting operation, the car 1 moves from the bottom floor to the top floor. The car 1 may move from the top floor to the bottom floor. A signal Y output from the extraction unit 22 when the car 1 moves between the lowermost floor and the uppermost floor is stored in the storage unit 21. Then, a value obtained by multiplying the maximum value of the output signal Y stored in the storage unit 21 by a coefficient is set as a first threshold. This coefficient is a value of 1 or more. The factor may be two. The coefficient may be adjusted in accordance with the magnitude of the vibration of the car 1 that occurs during normal operation.
- the control device 13 may update the first threshold value that has been set by performing a specific operation of actually moving the car 1. For example, the update operation for updating the first threshold is performed at night or the like where the frequency of use of the elevator is low.
- the content of the update operation may be the same as the content of the setting operation.
- the control device 13 periodically performs the update operation to update the first threshold. For example, the renewal operation is performed every month. Thereby, the first threshold can be appropriately reset in accordance with the state of the elevator.
- the control device 13 may change the speed of the car 1 to perform the setting operation a plurality of times. For example, the control device 13 moves the car 1 at the first speed to perform the first setting operation. The control device 13 sets a first threshold value for low speed by performing the first setting operation. The control device 13 moves the car 1 at the second speed to perform the second setting operation. The second velocity is a velocity faster than the first velocity. The control device 13 sets a first threshold value for high speed by performing the second setting operation.
- the detection unit 24 selects an appropriate first threshold according to the maximum speed of the car 1. For example, when the high speed mode operation is being performed, the detection unit 24 compares the value of the determination signal with the first threshold value for high speed. When the low speed mode operation is performed, the detection unit 24 compares the value of the determination signal with the first threshold for low speed.
- the control device 13 may change the speed of the car 1 to perform the update operation a plurality of times.
- the lower limit value of the first threshold may be stored in advance in the storage unit 21. For example, when the first threshold calculated by performing the setting operation does not reach the lower limit, the lower limit is set as the first threshold. When the first threshold calculated by performing the update operation does not reach the lower limit, the lower limit is set as the first threshold. This makes it possible to prevent an extremely small value from being set as the first threshold.
- the car position detection unit 25 detects the position of the car 1.
- the cage position detection unit 25 detects the cage position based on, for example, the rotation signal output from the encoder 18.
- the cage position detection unit 25 may detect the cage position by another method.
- the hoist 11 includes an encoder.
- the encoder provided in the hoisting machine 11 is also an example of a sensor that outputs a signal according to the position of the car 1.
- the cage position detection unit 25 may detect the cage position based on the encoder signal from the hoisting machine 11.
- the governor 15 may have a function of detecting the position of the car 1.
- the function of detecting the car position may be provided to the hoisting machine 11. In such a case, a signal indicating the position of the car 1 is input to the control device 13.
- the car position at which the fluctuation occurs is stored in the storage unit 21.
- the section in which the car 1 moves is divided into a plurality of unit sections
- the detecting unit 24 detects an abnormal fluctuation information for identifying the unit section in which the fluctuation occurs is stored in the storage unit 21. It is memorized.
- the determination unit 26 determines whether or not the broken portion 4c exists in the main rope 4 (S104).
- the determination unit 26 performs the above-described determination based on the position of the car when the change occurs.
- the determination unit 26 includes, for example, a reproducibility determination function 26-1 and a breakage determination function 26-2.
- the reproducibility determination function 26-1 determines whether or not the car position at which the abnormal fluctuation has occurred has reproducibility (S104-1).
- the breakage determination function 26-2 determines whether or not the breakage portion 4c exists in the main rope 4 based on the determination result of the reproducibility determination function 26-1 (S104-2).
- FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining an example of the reproducibility determination function 26-1.
- FIG. 28 (a) shows the latest judgment signal obtained when the car 1 moves from the position 0 to the position P.
- the value of the determination signal exceeds a first threshold value TH1.
- FIG. 28 (b) shows the determination signal obtained when the car 1 moved the same section last time. That is, the determination signal shown in FIG. 28 (a) is a signal obtained when the car 1 moves in the same section again immediately after the determination signal shown in FIG. 28 (b) is obtained.
- the value of the determination signal exceeds the first threshold TH1 at the position P 1 , the position P 3, and the position P 4 .
- the repeatability determination function 26-1 determines that there is repeatability, for example, when the value of the determination signal exceeds the first threshold twice in a row when the car 1 passes the same position a plurality of times. For example, the position P 1 and the position P 3, the value of the determination signal exceeds a first threshold value TH1 twice successively. Therefore, reproducibility determination function 26-1 determines that there is reproducibility in the position P 1 and the position P 3. On the other hand, in the position P 4, the latest value of the judgment signal does not exceed the first threshold TH1. In this case, reproducibility determination function 26-1 does not determine the located reproducible at position P 4.
- the value at the position P 4 shown in FIG. 28 (b) is determined to have occurred due to the non-reproducible event. For example, the value at position P 4 shown in FIG. 28 (b), it is determined that the passenger has occurred by the jumping in the car 1.
- Reproducibility determination function 26-1 determines that there is reproducibility if the value of the determination signal exceeds the first threshold twice in a row when car 1 passes the same unit section a plurality of times. For example, when the value of the determination signal obtained when car 1 passes the fifth unit section exceeds the first threshold TH1 twice in a row, the reproducibility determination function 26-1 reproduces in the fifth unit section. Determined to be
- the repeatability determination function 26-1 may determine that there is repeatability when the value of the determination signal exceeds the first threshold three or more times in a row.
- the above-mentioned number of times for determining reproducibility is set arbitrarily.
- the breakage determination function 26-2 determines that the broken portion 4c is generated in the main rope 4 when it is determined by the reproducibility determination function 26-1 that there is reproducibility in the car position where the abnormal fluctuation has occurred. . If it is determined by the breakage determination function 26-2 that the breakage portion 4c is generated, the operation control unit 27 stops the car 1 at the nearest floor (S105). The reporting unit 28 also reports to the elevator management company (S106).
- the presence of the breakage portion 4 c is detected by using a sensor whose output signal changes when vibration occurs in the main rope 4.
- sensor signals for example, a weighing signal, a speed deviation signal and a torque signal can be used. For this reason, it is not necessary to provide a dedicated sensor in order to determine the presence or absence of the breakage 4c.
- the presence of the break 4c can be detected. It is not necessary to provide many sensors to determine the presence or absence of the fracture 4c. Therefore, the configuration of the breakage detection device can be simplified.
- the determination component is extracted by attenuating the trend component from the vibration component extracted by the extraction unit 22. For this reason, even if the variation caused by the joint of the rail member 20 is included in the sensor signal, the detection accuracy does not deteriorate. The detection accuracy does not deteriorate even if the sensor signal includes a change due to a pulley abnormality. With the breakage detection device shown in the present embodiment, the presence of the breakage portion 4c can be detected with high accuracy.
- the breakage detection device always performs the same operation from when the car 1 starts moving until it stops.
- This is an example.
- the function of the extraction unit 22 may be stopped immediately after the car 1 starts moving.
- the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 may be forcibly set to 0.
- the detection unit 24 immediately after the car 1 starts moving, indicates that an abnormal fluctuation occurs in the sensor signal when the value of the determination signal exceeds the second threshold. It may be detected.
- the second threshold is a value larger than the first threshold.
- Velocity V 1 was stored in advance in the storage unit 21. The time immediately after the car 1 starts moving may be from when the car 1 starts moving until the acceleration of the car 1 becomes constant.
- the function of the extraction unit 22 may be stopped immediately after the car 1 starts moving and immediately before the car 1 stops.
- the output signal Y of the band pass filter 32 may be forcibly set to 0 immediately after the car 1 starts moving and immediately before the car 1 stops.
- the detection unit 24 detects an abnormality in the sensor signal when the value of the determination signal exceeds the third threshold. It may be detected that an abnormal fluctuation has occurred.
- the third threshold is a value larger than the first threshold. Note that immediately before the after the car 1 starts to move and the car 1 is stopped, for example, between the speed of the car 1 is slower than the speed V 2.
- Velocity V 2 is previously stored in the storage unit 21. Velocity V 2, for example, a band of frequencies of the torque ripple of the hoisting machine 11, the breaking portion 4c is set to a speed which deviates from the specific frequency band generated by contacting the stop off.
- the detection unit 24 detects that an abnormal fluctuation occurs in the sensor signal, for example, the number of the unit section in which the fluctuation occurs is stored in the storage unit 21.
- the storage unit 21 needs n storage areas for storing the occurrence of abnormal fluctuation. For this reason, when the number of unit sections to be divided increases, the generation position of the fracture portion 4c can be specified with high accuracy, but the capacity of the storage unit 21 must be increased. On the other hand, if the number of unit sections to be divided is small, it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the storage unit 21, but it becomes impossible to specify the occurrence position of the fracture 4c with high accuracy.
- FIG. 29 is a view showing a cross section of the return wheel 7.
- the broken portion 4 c of the main rope 4 comes in contact with the opposing portion 19 a after contacting the opposing portion 19 b of the detent 19.
- the fluctuation generated in the sensor signal when the broken part 4c contacts the facing part 19b and the fluctuation generated in the sensor signal when the broken part 4c contacts the facing part 19a may not be detected as another abnormal fluctuation.
- the length of the main rope 4 from the portion facing the facing portion 19b to the portion facing the facing portion 19a is L1
- there is no problem even if the height of the unit section is larger than the rope length L1.
- the rope length L1 is determined based on, for example, the smallest pulley among the pulleys around which the main rope 4 is wound.
- the rope length L1 may be determined based on the most widely used pulley among the pulleys around which the main rope 4 is wound.
- FIG. 30 is a view showing the car 1 guided by the guide rails.
- the guide rail comprises a plurality of rail members 20.
- the variation generated in the sensor signal when the car 1 passes a certain seam of the rail member 20 and the variation generated in the sensor signal when passing the seam immediately above the seam are detected as different abnormal variations.
- the length of the rail member 20 is L2
- the height of the unit section is preferably smaller than the length L2 of the rail member 20.
- the length L2 is determined based on the shortest rail member 20 among the rail members 20, for example.
- the length L2 may be determined based on the rail member 20 of the most used length of the rail members 20.
- the presence of the broken portion 4 c is detected without considering the moving direction of the car 1.
- the presence of the breakage 4c may be detected by dividing the case where the car 1 moves upward and the case where the car 1 moves downward.
- the car position and the moving direction of the car 1 when the fluctuation occurs are stored in the storage unit 21.
- the reproducibility determination function 26-1 also determines whether the position of the car at which the abnormal fluctuation has occurred has reproducibility, in consideration of the moving direction of the car 1.
- an ascending setting operation for moving the car 1 from the lowermost floor to the uppermost floor is performed, and a first upward threshold is set.
- a setting operation for descending is performed to move the car 1 from the uppermost floor to the lowermost floor, and a first threshold for descending is set.
- an upward update operation for moving the car 1 from the lowermost floor to the uppermost floor is performed, and the first upward threshold is updated.
- a setting operation for descending is performed to move the car 1 from the uppermost floor to the lowermost floor, and the first threshold for descending is updated.
- Reproducibility determination function 26-1 determines that there is reproducibility, for example, when the value of the determination signal exceeds the first threshold twice in a row when car 1 passes the same position in the same direction. .
- the determination unit 26 determines whether or not the broken portion 4 c is present in the main rope 4 based on the frequency at which the abnormal variation has occurred when the car 1 passes the same position and is detected by the detection unit 24. You may.
- the detection unit 24 detects that an abnormal fluctuation occurs in the sensor signal
- the car position at the time when the fluctuation occurs is stored in the storage unit 21.
- the section in which the car 1 moves is divided into a plurality of unit sections
- the number of the unit section in which the variation has occurred is stored in the storage unit 21.
- storage areas corresponding to each of the unit sections are formed in the storage unit 21.
- the reproducibility determination function 26-1 calculates, for example, a moving average value of values stored in the storage area as the frequency. For example, the reproducibility determination function 26-1 calculates a moving average value when the car 1 passes the same position four times.
- the breakage determination function 26-2 determines whether or not the breakage portion 4c exists in the main rope 4 based on the frequency calculated by the reproducibility determination function 26-1. For example, when the moving average value calculated by the reproducibility determination function 26-1 exceeds the first determination threshold value, the breakage determination function 26-2 determines that the main rope 4 has the breakage portion 4c.
- the first determination threshold is stored in advance in the storage unit 21.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing another example of the breakage detection device in the first embodiment.
- the example illustrated in FIG. 31 is different from the example illustrated in FIG. 13 in that the control device 13 further includes an arithmetic unit 29.
- the storage unit 21 stores the number of determination points for determining whether or not the fractured portion 4c is present.
- the calculation unit 29 calculates the number of determination points according to the result detected by the detection unit 24. For example, when it is detected by the detection unit 24 that an abnormal fluctuation has occurred in the sensor signal, the car position at the time when the fluctuation occurs is linked to the determination score and stored in the storage unit 21.
- the determination unit 26 determines, based on the determination points stored in the storage unit 21, whether or not the broken portion 4 c is present in the main rope 4. When the section in which the car 1 moves is divided into a plurality of unit sections, determination points corresponding to each of the unit sections are stored in the storage unit 21.
- FIG. 32 and 33 are diagrams showing an example of the fractured portion 4c.
- FIG. 32 shows an example in which the breakaway part 4c is separated from the return wheel 7 as it approaches the tip.
- the fractured part 4c protrudes from the surface of the main rope 4 as shown in FIG. 32, the fractured part 4c comes in contact with the detent 19 when passing the return wheel 7.
- FIG. 33 shows an example in which the broken part 4 c is arranged along the surface of the return wheel 7.
- the fractured part 4c does not come into contact with the detent 19 when passing the return wheel 7. Therefore, no vibration occurs in the main rope 4 even if the broken part 4 c passes through the return wheel 7.
- the broken part 4 c may change its direction by contacting the detent 19.
- the direction of the broken part 4c changes from the direction shown in FIG. 32 to the direction shown in FIG. 33, even if the broken part 4c passes the return wheel 7, no vibration occurs in the main rope 4.
- the broken part 4 c may be pushed by the surface of the groove when passing through the return wheel 7 and the direction may change.
- the broken part 4c may change its direction by further unraveling of the strands or strands.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram for explaining an example of the functions of the calculation unit 29 and the determination unit 26.
- FIG. 34 (a) shows the position of the car 1.
- FIG. 34 (b) shows the torque of the hoisting machine 11.
- FIG. 34 (c) shows a determination signal.
- FIG. 34D shows an example of the transition of the determination score.
- FIG. 34 shows an example in which the main rope 4 has a break 4c. Breaking unit 4c, the time t 1, time t 2, the passes through the diverting pulley 7 at time t 5 and time t 6. As described above, even if the broken portion 4 c is present in the main rope 4, the broken portion 4 c is not always in contact with the detent 19. In the example shown in FIG. 34, the fractured part 4c comes into contact with the detent 19 at time t 1 , time t 5 and time t 6 . Breaking unit 4c, it does not come into contact with the stop 19 off at the time t 2.
- the breaking portion 4c contacts the stop 19 out at time t 1
- the value of the determination signal exceeds the first threshold value.
- the detection unit 24 detects that an abnormal fluctuation occurs in the sensor signal.
- the position P 1 is included in the eighth unit interval.
- determining the number of the eighth unit section is set to an initial value.
- the initial value is, for example, 0.
- Arithmetic unit 29 adds a constant value to the number of determination points of the eighth unit section when detection unit 24 detects that an abnormal fluctuation has occurred when car 1 passes the eighth unit section.
- FIG. 34D shows an example in which the fixed value to be added is five.
- the determination unit 26 determines whether the number of determination points stored in the storage unit 21 exceeds a second determination threshold.
- the second determination threshold is stored in advance in the storage unit 21.
- FIG. 34D shows an example in which the second determination threshold is ten. At time t 1, determining the number of the eighth unit section does not exceed the second determination threshold value. If the determination score does not exceed the second determination threshold, the determination unit 26 determines that the broken portion 4 c does not exist in the main rope 4.
- the car 1 passes position P 1 again at time t 2 .
- the breaking portion 4c does not come into contact with the stop 19 out.
- the computing unit 29 deducts the determination score of the position.
- the determination points of the 8 unit interval is not zero. Calculating section 29, at time t 2, the to deduction of the constant value from the determination points of the 8 unit interval.
- FIG. 34D shows an example in which the fixed value to be deducted is one.
- Detector 24 unusual variation in the sensor signal at time t 5 detects that it has occurred.
- the calculation unit 29 adds 5 to the determination score of the eighth unit section stored in the storage unit 21.
- the determination number of the eighth unit section does not exceed the second determination threshold value. Therefore, the determination unit 26 determines that the main rope 4 does not have the broken portion 4c.
- the car 1 again passes through the position P 1 at time t 6.
- Detector 24 unusual variation in the sensor signal at time t 6 detects that it has occurred.
- the calculation unit 29 further adds 5 to the determination score of the eighth unit section stored in the storage unit 21. Determining the number of the eighth unit section stored in the storage unit 21, at time t 6 becomes 14. At time t 6, the determination points of the 8 unit interval exceeds the second determination threshold value. Thus, the determination unit 26 determines that the rupture portion 4c is present at time t 6 to the main ropes 4.
- the position is not divided into a plurality of unit sections. A fixed value is added to the judgment score of. If an abnormal fluctuation is not detected by the detection unit 24 when the car 1 passes the position again, a fixed value is subtracted from the judgment score of the position. In such a case, if it is a position within a reference distance from the car position stored in the storage unit 21, it may be regarded as the same car position.
- the reference distance is set to, for example, the rope length L1.
- the second determination threshold is preferably a value twice or more the value to be added to the determination score. If the second determination threshold is a value that is twice or more the value to be added to the determination score, it is possible to suppress false detection caused by an event that is not reproducible. Further, in consideration of the possibility that the fractured part 4c does not contact the detent 19 continuously, it is preferable that the value to be subtracted from the determination score be a half or less of the value to be added.
- the second determination threshold may be variable according to the magnitude of the determination signal. For example, a first value and a second value are set in advance as the second determination threshold. The second value is a value larger than the first value. When the magnitude of the determination signal is less than or equal to the reference value, the second value is used as the second determination threshold. That is, when a change in which the magnitude of the determination signal exceeds the reference value occurs in the sensor signal, the presence of the breakage 4c can be detected early. As an example, when the following condition 1 is satisfied, the second determination threshold is set to 15. When the following condition 2 is satisfied, the second determination threshold is set to 10. Condition 1: [first threshold value] ⁇ [determination signal] ⁇ 2 ⁇ [first threshold value] Condition 2: 2 ⁇ [first threshold] ⁇ [decision signal]
- FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating an example of a signal input to the subtractor 35 of the second extraction unit.
- a broken line indicates the output signal u 2 of the amplifier 33. That is, the broken line indicates the output signal Y before being discretized. Also, the white circles indicate the discretized output signal Y. The solid line indicates the output signal Z of the low pass filter 34.
- the horizontal axis is the car position.
- FIG. 35 shows signals obtained when the car 1 passes through the (n-1) th unit section, the nth unit section, and the (n + 1) th unit section.
- FIG. 35A shows an example in which the output signal Y (n) exceeding the first threshold is present in the nth unit section.
- the output signal Z (n) of the nth unit section follows the output signal Y (n).
- the value of the output signal Z (n) is the same as the value of the output signal Y (n). Therefore, the output signal Y (n) -Z (n), which is the determination signal of the nth unit interval, has a value smaller than the first threshold.
- the detection unit 24 does not detect that an abnormal fluctuation occurs in the sensor signal.
- FIG. 35 (b) shows the signal when the car 1 passes through the (n-1) th unit section, the nth unit section, and the (n + 1) th unit section again immediately after the signal shown in FIG. 35 (a) is acquired. Show. In the example shown in FIG. 35 (b), the output signal Y (n-1) exceeding the first threshold value exists in the (n-1) -th unit section. The output signal Y (n-1) shown in FIG. 35 (b) is obtained by shifting the output signal Y (n) shown in FIG. 35 (a) to the (n-1) th unit section. Such an event occurs, for example, when the main rope 4 stretches.
- the output signal Z (n-1) of the (n-1) th unit interval does not follow the rapid change of the output signal Y (n-1). Therefore, if the output signal Y (n-1) -Z (n-1) which is the determination signal of the (n-1) th unit interval is larger than the first threshold, the breakage determination function 26-2 is performed if the breakage portion 4c exists. It may be determined. In the nth unit section, the output signal Y (n) sharply decreases. The output signal Z (n) does not follow the rapid change of the output signal Y (n). Therefore, the output signal Y (n) -Z (n), which is the determination signal of the nth unit interval, has a negative value.
- control device 13 may further include an arithmetic unit 29.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram for describing an example of the function of the second extraction unit.
- FIG. 36 (a) is a view corresponding to FIG. 35 (a).
- FIG. 36 (b) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 35 (b).
- the extraction unit 23 outputs the signal YZ as a determination signal in consideration of the values of adjacent unit sections with respect to the output signal Z of the low pass filter 34.
- the extraction unit 23 outputs a determination signal as follows.
- the n-1th unit interval Y (n-1) -max (Z (n-2), Z (n-1), Z (n))
- the nth unit interval Y (n) -max (Z (n-1), Z (n), Z (n + 1))
- the n + 1th unit interval Y (n + 1) -max (Z (n), Z (n + 1), Z (n + 2))
- the n-th unit section is a section directly below the n + 1 unit section and immediately above the n-1 unit section.
- the extraction unit 23 selects the output signal Z (n) of the unit section, the output signal Z (n-1) of the unit section below one, and the output signal Z (n + 1) of the unit section immediately above, Identify the one that shows the largest value.
- the output signal Z (n) shows the largest value among the three signals.
- the extraction unit 23 outputs, as a determination signal, a difference signal between the output signal Y (n) of the unit section and the output signal Z (n) specified as the signal indicating the largest value.
- the extraction unit 23 similarly calculates the determination signal for the (n ⁇ 1) th unit interval and the (n + 1) th unit interval.
- the determination signal is calculated as follows.
- the value of the output signal Z (n ⁇ 2) is smaller than the value of the output signal Z (n).
- the value of the output signal Z (n + 2) is smaller than the value of the output signal Z (n).
- FIG. 36 (b) shows the signal when the car 1 passes through the (n-1) th unit section, the nth unit section, and the (n + 1) th unit section again immediately after the signal shown in FIG. 36 (a) is acquired. Show.
- the output signal Y (n-1) shown in FIG. 36 (b) is obtained by shifting the output signal Y (n) shown in FIG. 36 (a) to the (n-1) th unit section.
- the determination signal is calculated as follows.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing an example of the breakage detection device in the third embodiment.
- the example illustrated in FIG. 37 is different from the example illustrated in FIG. 13 in that the control device 13 further includes a detection unit 30 and a determination unit 31.
- the control device 13 may further include an arithmetic unit 29.
- the detection unit 30 detects that an abnormal fluctuation has occurred in the sensor signal based on the vibration component extracted by the extraction unit 22. For example, the detection unit 30 determines whether the value of the vibration component extracted by the extraction unit 22 exceeds the fourth threshold. When the value of the vibration component extracted by the extraction unit 22 exceeds the fourth threshold, the detection unit 30 detects that an abnormal fluctuation has occurred in the sensor signal.
- the fourth threshold is stored in advance in the storage unit 21.
- the determination unit 31 determines the specific abnormality generated in the elevator based on the result detected by the detection unit 24 and the result detected by the detection unit 30.
- the determination unit 31 determines an abnormality other than the presence of the fracture portion 4c. Therefore, when the determination unit 31 detects that the occurrence of the abnormal change is not detected by the detection unit 24 and the occurrence of the abnormal change is detected by the detection unit 30, the specific abnormality occurs. judge.
- the determination unit 31 specifies the number N 1 of times at which the detection unit 30 has detected that an abnormal change has occurred.
- the determination unit 31 for example, to identify a number N 1 when the car 1 is moved to the top floor from the lowest floor. If the determination unit 31 determines that the occurrence of the abnormal variation is not detected by the detection unit 24 and the occurrence of the abnormal variation is determined by the detection unit 30, the number N 1 of times specified above is greater than the reference number For example, it is determined that a pulley abnormality has occurred. Determining unit 31 is not be unusual changes occur are detected by the detector 24, and the abnormal change that has occurred is determined by the detection unit 30, the number N 1 specified above is less than the reference number For example, it is determined that the seam abnormality of the rail member 20 has occurred.
- the operation control unit 27 stops the car 1 at the nearest floor.
- the reporting unit 28 also reports to the elevator management company. With the example shown in the present embodiment, it is possible to detect a joint abnormality of the rail member 20 and a pulley abnormality.
- the break detection device may detect a break that has occurred on another rope used in the elevator.
- each unit indicated by reference numerals 21 to 31 indicates a function that the control device 13 has.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating an example of hardware elements included in the control device 13.
- the controller 13 includes a processing circuit 39 including, for example, a processor 37 and a memory 38 as hardware resources.
- the functions of the storage unit 21 are realized by the memory 38.
- the control device 13 implements the functions of the units indicated by reference numerals 22 to 31 by causing the processor 37 to execute the program stored in the memory 38.
- the processor 37 is also called a central processing unit (CPU), a central processing unit, a processing unit, a computing unit, a microprocessor, a microcomputer or a DSP.
- CPU central processing unit
- a semiconductor memory a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disk, a mini disk, or a DVD may be adopted as the memory 38.
- Semiconductor memories that can be adopted include RAM, ROM, flash memory, EPROM, EEPROM, and the like.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating another example of hardware elements included in the control device 13.
- the control device 13 includes a processing circuit 39 including, for example, a processor 37, a memory 38, and dedicated hardware 40.
- FIG. 39 shows an example in which a part of the function possessed by the control device 13 is realized by the dedicated hardware 40. All of the functions of the control device 13 may be realized by the dedicated hardware 40.
- dedicated hardware 40 a single circuit, a complex circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC, an FPGA, or a combination of these may be employed.
- the fracture detection device can be used to detect a fracture that has occurred on a rope of an elevator.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、エレベーター装置を模式的に示す図である。かご1は、昇降路2を上下に移動する。昇降路2は、例えば建物の内部に形成された上下に延びる空間である。つり合いおもり3は、昇降路2を上下に移動する。かご1及びつり合いおもり3は、主ロープ4によって昇降路2に吊り下げられる。かご1及びつり合いおもり3を吊り下げるためのローピングの方式は、図1に示す例に限定されない。かご1及びつり合いおもり3は、1:1ローピングで昇降路2に吊り下げられても良い。
[ロープ長L1]≦[高さH]≦[レール部材20の長さL2]
条件1:[第1閾値]≦[判定信号]≦2×[第1閾値]
条件2:2×[第1閾値]<[判定信号]
図35は、第2抽出部の減算器35に入力される信号の例を示す図である。図35において、破線は増幅器33の出力信号u2を示す。即ち、破線は、離散化される前の出力信号Yを示す。また、白丸は、離散化された出力信号Yを示す。実線は、ローパスフィルタ34の出力信号Zを示す。図35において、横軸はかご位置である。図35は、かご1が第n-1単位区間、第n単位区間、及び第n+1単位区間を通過した時に得られた信号を示す。
第n-1単位区間:Y(n-1)-max(Z(n-2),Z(n-1),Z(n))
第n単位区間 :Y(n)-max(Z(n-1),Z(n),Z(n+1))
第n+1単位区間:Y(n+1)-max(Z(n),Z(n+1),Z(n+2))
第n-1単位区間:Y(n-1)-Z(n)<0
第n単位区間 :Y(n)-Z(n)≒0
第n+1単位区間:Y(n+1)-Z(n)<0
図36(a)に示す例では、出力信号Z(n-2)の値は、出力信号Z(n)の値より小さいものとする。出力信号Z(n+2)の値は、出力信号Z(n)の値より小さいものとする。
第n-1単位区間:Y(n-1)-Z(n)≒0
第n単位区間 :Y(n)-Z(n)<0
第n+1単位区間:Y(n+1)-Z(n)<0
本実施の形態に示す例であれば、レール部材20の継目に起因するセンサ信号の変動を破断部4cに起因するセンサ信号の変動と誤って検知してしまうことを防止できる。
図37は、実施の形態3における破断検知装置の例を示す図である。図37に示す例では、制御装置13は、検出部30及び判定部31を更に備える点で図13に示す例と相違する。本実施の形態で開示しない機能については、実施の形態1或いは2で開示した何れの機能を採用しても良い。例えば、制御装置13は、演算部29を更に備えても良い。
Claims (17)
- エレベーターのロープに振動が発生すると、出力信号が変動するセンサと、
前記センサの出力信号から、特定の周波数帯域の振動成分を抽出する第1抽出手段と、
前記第1抽出手段によって抽出された振動成分から定常振動成分及び漸増振動成分を減衰させ、判定信号を抽出する第2抽出手段と、
前記第2抽出手段によって抽出された判定信号に基づいて、前記センサの出力信号に異常な変動が発生したことを検出する第1検出手段と、
異常な変動が発生したことが前記第1検出手段によって検出されると、その変動が発生した時のエレベーターのかごの位置に基づいて、前記ロープに破断部が存在するか否かを判定する第1判定手段と、
を備えた破断検知装置。 - 前記第1抽出手段は、前記センサの出力信号が入力されるバンドパスフィルタを備え、
前記第2抽出手段は、
前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号が入力されるローパスフィルタと、
前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号と前記ローパスフィルタの出力信号との差分信号を判定信号として出力する減算器と、
を備えた請求項1に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記かごが移動する区間が、上下に連続する複数の単位区間に仮想的に分割され、
前記ローパスフィルタは、前記単位区間のそれぞれに対応して設けられた請求項2に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記第2抽出手段は、前記ローパスフィルタとして、第1フィルタ、第2フィルタ、及び第3フィルタを備え、
前記かごが第1区間を移動している時の前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号が前記第1フィルタに入力され、
前記かごが第2区間を移動している時の前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号が前記第2フィルタに入力され、
前記かごが第3区間を移動している時の前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号が前記第3フィルタに入力される請求項2に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記減算器は、
前記かごが前記第1区間を移動している時の前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号と前記第1フィルタの出力信号との差分信号を出力し、
前記かごが前記第2区間を移動している時の前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号と前記第2フィルタの出力信号との差分信号を出力し、
前記かごが前記第3区間を移動している時の前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号と前記第3フィルタの出力信号との差分信号を出力する請求項4に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記第2区間は、前記第1区間の直下で且つ前記第3区間の直上の区間であり、
前記減算器は、前記かごが前記第2区間を移動している時の前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号と前記第1フィルタの出力信号、前記第2フィルタの出力信号、及び前記第3フィルタの出力信号の中で値が最も大きい出力信号との差分信号を出力する請求項4に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記第1抽出手段は、前記センサの出力信号が入力されるバンドパスフィルタを備え、
前記第2抽出手段は、ハイパスフィルタを備え、
前記ハイパスフィルタは、前記バンドパスフィルタの出力信号が入力され、判定信号を出力する請求項1に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記かごが昇降する区間が、上下に連続する複数の単位区間に仮想的に分割され、
前記ハイパスフィルタは、前記単位区間のそれぞれに対応して設けられた請求項7に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記ロープは、滑車に巻き掛けられ、
前記滑車用の外れ止めが設けられ、
前記外れ止めは、前記ロープに対向する第1対向部及び第2対向部を有し、
前記単位区間のそれぞれの高さは、前記ロープのうち前記第1対向部が対向する部分から前記第2対向部が対向する部分までのロープ長より大きい請求項3又は請求項8に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記かごは、ガイドレールによって移動が案内され、
前記ガイドレールは、同じ長さの複数のレール部材を備え、
前記単位区間のそれぞれの高さは、前記レール部材の長さより小さい請求項3、請求項8、及び請求項9の何れか一項に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記かごは、ガイドレールによって移動が案内され、
前記ローパスフィルタの時定数は、第1設定値に設定され、
前記第1設定値は、前記センサの出力信号に発生した変動の値が前記ガイドレールに油が供給されることによって異常値から通常値に戻るまでに要する前記かごの走行回数に基づいて決められた請求項2から請求項6の何れか一項に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記ガイドレールに油が供給された後に前記かごの走行回数が基準回数を超えると、前記ローパスフィルタの時定数が前記第1設定値から前記第1設定値より大きい第2設定値に切り替えられる請求項11に記載の破断検知装置。
- 前記第1検出手段は、前記第2抽出手段によって抽出された判定信号の値が第1閾値を超えると、前記センサの出力信号に異常な変動が発生したことを検出する請求項1から請求項12の何れか一項に記載の破断検知装置。
- 異常な変動が発生したことが前記第1検出手段によって検出されると、その変動が発生した時のエレベーターのかごの位置を記憶する記憶手段を更に備え、
前記第1判定手段は、前記記憶手段に記憶された前記位置を前記かごが通過した際に異常な変動が発生したことが前記第1検出手段によって検出された頻度に基づいて、前記ロープに破断部が存在するか否かを判定する請求項1から請求項13の何れか一項に記載の破断検知装置。 - 異常な変動が発生したことが前記第1検出手段によって検出されると、その変動が発生した時のエレベーターのかごの位置を判定点数に紐付けて記憶する記憶手段と、
前記記憶手段に記憶された前記位置を前記かごが通過した際に異常な変動が発生したことが前記第1検出手段によって検出されると前記判定点数を加点し、前記位置を前記かごが通過した際に異常な変動が発生したことが前記第1検出手段によって検出されなければ前記判定点数を減点する演算手段と、
を更に備え、
前記第1判定手段は、前記判定点数に基づいて、前記ロープに破断部が存在するか否かを判定する請求項1から請求項13の何れか一項に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記第1抽出手段によって抽出された振動成分に基づいて、前記センサの出力信号に異常な変動が発生したことを検出する第2検出手段と、
異常な変動が発生したことが前記第1検出手段によって検出されず、且つ異常な変動が発生したことが前記第2検出手段によって判定されると、レールの継目異常或いは滑車異常を判定する第2判定手段と、
を更に備えた請求項1から請求項15の何れか一項に記載の破断検知装置。 - 前記センサからの出力信号は、前記ロープが巻き掛けられた駆動綱車を有する巻上機からのトルク信号、前記かごの積載荷重を検出する秤装置からの秤信号、又は前記駆動綱車の回転速度に対する指令値と実測値との差分に対応する速度偏差信号である請求項1から請求項16の何れか一項に記載の破断検知装置。
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CN111108054A (zh) | 2020-05-05 |
US20210188597A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
DE112017007847T5 (de) | 2020-04-23 |
JP6922984B2 (ja) | 2021-08-18 |
KR20200026267A (ko) | 2020-03-10 |
KR102352549B1 (ko) | 2022-01-19 |
CN111108054B (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
JPWO2019030888A1 (ja) | 2020-02-27 |
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