WO2019020104A1 - 苯并咪唑衍生物制备及分析方法 - Google Patents

苯并咪唑衍生物制备及分析方法 Download PDF

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WO2019020104A1
WO2019020104A1 PCT/CN2018/097378 CN2018097378W WO2019020104A1 WO 2019020104 A1 WO2019020104 A1 WO 2019020104A1 CN 2018097378 W CN2018097378 W CN 2018097378W WO 2019020104 A1 WO2019020104 A1 WO 2019020104A1
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compound
solvent
formula
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mobile phase
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French (fr)
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雷四军
方祥
冯伟
陈永凯
王朝东
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武汉朗来科技发展有限公司
武汉启瑞药业有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/10Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/02Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D493/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/12Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D498/18Bridged systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/26Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
    • G01N30/28Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
    • G01N30/34Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of fluid composition, e.g. gradient

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of preparation methods of pharmaceutical compounds, and particularly relates to a method for preparing and analyzing benzimidazole derivatives.
  • Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and a major risk factor for congestive heart failure, stroke, coronary heart disease, renal failure, and increased morbidity and mortality in aortic aneurysms.
  • Antihypertensive drugs play a key role in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. With the deepening of the understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension, many antihypertensive drugs with better curative effects, such as diuretics, ⁇ -blockers, calcium channel antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI, Angiotensin II, an AT1 receptor blocker (ARB, sartan), has been continuously discovered and successfully applied in clinical practice.
  • ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
  • ARB AT1 receptor blocker
  • angiotensin II AT1 receptor blocker antihypertensive drugs began in the 1970s.
  • the first marketed drug for this product was losartan potassium, which was introduced in 1994. Since the drug was marketed in Sweden, Sartans have developed rapidly, and so far valsartan, candesartan cilexetil, irbesartan, eprosartan, tamsartan, telmisartan and olmesartan medoxomil have been exported to the United States.
  • Chinese invention patent application 201310042669.2 discloses a benzimidazole derivative, including ligustrazine and NO donor derivatives, which can enhance antihypertensive effect, reduce adverse reactions, and have ideal protection for liver and kidney of patients. effect.
  • the post-treatment steps of the compound are all purified using column chromatography.
  • An improved synthesis method of such a compound is also disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 201410010180.1, in which after the reaction of the target compound is completed, the crude product is first separated by column chromatography, and then the crude product is recrystallized to obtain a purified product.
  • the column chromatography purification process requires the use of a large amount of silica gel, quartz sand, and organic solvents, etc., which will generate a large amount of solid waste or liquid waste, pollute the environment, and have a large safety hazard.
  • the impurity content of the purified product in the prior art still needs to be improved to improve the safety and reliability of the drug compound.
  • the present invention first provides a method for preparing a benzimidazole derivative, comprising the steps of:
  • R 1 is selected from H or an unsubstituted or substituted group: an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkyloxy group or an alkenyloxy group;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted: alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkyl nitrate;
  • the substituent may be selected from one or more R a ;
  • Each R c , R d , R e is the same or different and is independently selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl or —CONH 2 ;
  • Each Y 1 is independently selected from a chemical bond, -O-, -S-, or -NH-, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocycle which is unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one or more R a Base, aryl, heteroaryl, -(CH 2 CH 2 O) j -;
  • j is selected from an integer of 1 or more, for example, an integer of 1 to 20, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
  • R 1 may be selected from H or an unsubstituted or substituted group of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, vinyl, methoxy. Or ethoxylate;
  • R 2 may be selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl;
  • R a may be selected from
  • R b may be selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, -ONO 2 , -alkyl-ONO 2 ;
  • the solvent A may be selected from one of organic solvents such as an alcohol solvent, a nitrile solvent, an ester solvent, a ketone solvent, two or more; or, when the organic solvent is miscible with water
  • the solvent A may be a mixed solution of the organic solvent and water;
  • the solvent B may be selected from one, two or more of a ketone solvent, an ether solvent, a nitrile solvent, an ester solvent, a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, and the like.
  • the alcohol solvent may be selected from one, two or more selected from the group consisting of alcohols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and iso- One, two or more of propanol, butanol, pentanol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol;
  • the ketone solvent may be selected from one, two or more of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone;
  • the ether solvent may be selected from the group consisting of diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1,4-two One, two or more of oxyhexacyclohexane and tetrahydrofuran;
  • the nitrile solvent may be selected from acetonitrile
  • the ester solvent may be selected from one or two or more of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, and isopropyl acetate;
  • the halogenated hydrocarbon solvent may be selected from one, two or more of dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride.
  • the organic solvent miscible with water may be selected from, for example, one, two or more of an alcohol solvent, a nitrile solvent, a ketone solvent.
  • the mass percentage of the organic solvent in the mixed solution may be 50 to 99%, for example, 60 to 95%, such as 70 to 95%, as an example, It may be an aqueous alcohol solution having a mass percentage of 75%, 80% or 95%, such as an aqueous ethanol solution.
  • the preparation method according to the present invention wherein the mass ratio of the mass of the mixture containing the compound of the formula I in the step 1) to the solvent (Kg: L) may be 1: (2 to 6.5), for example, 1: (3.5 to 4.5), Such as 1:4.
  • the beating temperature may be 5 to 30 ° C, such as 15 to 25 ° C or 20 to 25 ° C.
  • the beating time may be 1 to 5 hours, such as 2 to 3 hours.
  • the compound of formula I can be selected from the following compounds:
  • R 2 has the meanings indicated above.
  • the compound of the formula I' in the mixture containing the compound of the formula I in the step 1), may have a molar content of 3% or more, such as 3.5% or more, for example, 4 to 5%.
  • the molar content of the compound of formula I' may be less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.5%.
  • the preparation method according to the present invention wherein the mixture containing the compound of the formula I in the step 1) can be obtained by the preparation method described in the application examples, which is described in the application No. 201310042669.2 (publication number CN103709154A) and the application number 201410010180.1 (publication number CN104774196A).
  • the preparation process according to the invention wherein the mixture containing the compound of the formula I in the step 1) is obtained by the following method:
  • R 1 and R 2 have the definitions described above;
  • L is a leaving group such as Cl, Br or I.
  • the azilsartan and the compound of formula 4 are reacted in the presence of a base and an organic solvent;
  • the base may be an organic base, an inorganic base or a mixture thereof, such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, triethylamine.
  • potassium carbonate sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, triethylamine.
  • pyridine piperidine
  • the organic solvent may be any solvent capable of dissolving the reaction substrate, such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP);
  • DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the reaction temperature is 35 to 60 ° C, such as 40 to 42 ° C;
  • the reaction time may be 2 to 48 hours, such as 12 to 36 hours, for example, 24 hours;
  • the mixture containing the compound of formula I is an oil
  • the mixture can be obtained by the following method:
  • the azilsartan and the compound of the formula 4 are reacted in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at 40 to 42 ° C for 24 hours, the temperature is lowered, water is added, and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is combined, washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried. The solvent is evaporated to give an oil containing the compound of formula I.
  • a mixture containing a compound of formula I which may be in the form of an oil, may be prepared by a method prior to column chromatography as described in Example 13 of Patent Application No. 201410010180.1.
  • the process for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I according to the invention may optionally also comprise the process, one or more steps and the conditioning parameters described above for the preparation of a mixture comprising a compound of the formula I.
  • the invention also provides a method for the isolation of a compound of formula I, a method for the purity analysis of a compound of formula I or a method for the content analysis of a compound of formula I', for example a method for the purity analysis of a compound of formula I in the product obtained according to step 1) or 2) of the preparation process of the invention or A method for the analysis of the content of a compound of formula I', comprising high performance liquid chromatography using one or more of the following conditions:
  • Detection wavelength 275 ⁇ 285nm, such as 280nm;
  • the gradient elution mobile phase is as follows:
  • Mobile phase A a nitrile solvent such as acetonitrile
  • Mobile phase B an aqueous solution containing ammonium hexafluorophosphate and phosphoric acid, for example, an aqueous solution containing 3 to 4 g/L of ammonium hexafluorophosphate and 4 to 5 g/L of phosphoric acid;
  • the gradient elution is carried out as follows:
  • the invention also provides a mobile phase B comprising ammonium hexafluorophosphate.
  • the mobile phase B is an aqueous solution containing ammonium hexafluorophosphate
  • the mobile phase B contains a mixture of ammonium hexafluorophosphate, phosphoric acid and water;
  • the mobile phase B is an aqueous solution containing ammonium hexafluorophosphate and phosphoric acid, for example, an aqueous solution containing 3 to 4 g/L of ammonium hexafluorophosphate and 4 to 5 g/L of phosphoric acid;
  • the mobile phase B is preferably a high performance liquid chromatography mobile phase which can be used for separating the above mixture containing the compound of the formula I, analyzing the purity of the compound of the formula I and/or analyzing the content of the compound of the formula I';
  • the mobile phase B can be used in combination with the mobile phase A described above for the above purposes;
  • mobile phase B when mobile phase B can be combined with mobile phase A for the above purposes, mobile phase B can be mixed with mobile phase A;
  • one or more of the high performance liquid chromatography conditions and/or gradient elution conditions described above may be employed.
  • the invention further provides the use of ammonium hexafluorophosphate for isolating a mixture of the above compounds containing a compound of formula I, analyzing the purity of the compound of formula I and/or analyzing the content of the compound of formula I'.
  • alkyl is understood to preferably denote a straight or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably a C1-10 alkyl group.
  • C 1-10 alkyl is understood to preferably denote a straight or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, neopentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl Base, 2-methylpentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl or 1,2-dimethylbutyl, or the like, or isomers thereof.
  • the group has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, carbon atoms ("C 1-6 alkyl”), such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl , isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, more particularly, the group has 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms ("C 1-3 alkyl”), such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl Base or isopropyl.
  • C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl , isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl
  • C 1-3 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl Base or isopropyl.
  • alkenyl is understood to preferably denote a straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical which contains one or more double bonds and has 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably "C 2-10 alkenyl".
  • C 2-10 alkenyl is understood to preferably denote a straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical which contains one or more double bonds and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 a carbon atom, especially 2 or 3 carbon atoms ("C 2-3 alkenyl”), it being understood that where the alkenyl group contains more than one double bond, the double bonds may be separated from each other or yoke.
  • the alkenyl group is, for example, a vinyl group, an allyl group, (E)-2-methylvinyl group, (Z)-2-methylvinyl group, (E)-but-2-alkenyl group, (Z)- But-2-enyl, (E)-but-1-enyl, (Z)-but-1-enyl, pent-4-enyl, (E)-pent-3-enyl, (Z) -pent-3-enyl, (E)-pent-2-enyl, (Z)-pent-2-enyl, (E)-pent-1-enyl, (Z)-pent-1-ene , hex-5-alkenyl, (E)-hex-4-enyl, (Z)-hex-4-enyl, (E)-hex-3-enyl, (Z)-hex-3- Alkenyl, (E)-hex-2-enyl, (Z)-hex-2-enyl,
  • alkynyl is understood to mean a straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical which contains one or more triple bonds and has 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably "C 2 -C 10 alkynyl".
  • C 2 -C 10 alkynyl is understood to preferably denote a straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical which contains one or more triple bonds and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Or 10 carbon atoms, especially 2 or 3 carbon atoms ("C 2 -C 3 -alkynyl").
  • the alkynyl group is, for example, ethynyl, prop-1-ynyl, prop-2-ynyl, but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, pent-1-ynyl , pent-2-ynyl, pent-3-ynyl, pent-4-ynyl, hex-1-ynyl, hex-2-ynyl, hex-3-ynyl, hex-4-ynyl, Hex-5-alkynyl, 1-methylprop-2-ynyl, 2-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylbut-2-ynyl , 3-methylbut-1-ynyl, 1-ethylprop-2-ynyl, 3-methylpent-4-ynyl, 2-methylpent-4-ynyl, 1-methylpentyl 4-ynyl, 2-methylpent-3-yny
  • cycloalkyl is understood to mean a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably “C 3-10 cycloalkyl”.
  • C 3-10 cycloalkyl is understood to mean a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring having 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms.
  • the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group may be a monocyclic hydrocarbon group such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclodecyl group or a cyclodecyl group, or a bicyclic ring.
  • a hydrocarbon group such as a decalin ring.
  • heterocyclyl means a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring containing from 1 to 5 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, preferably “3-10 membered heterocyclyl".
  • 3-10 membered heterocyclyl means a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring containing from 1 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.
  • the heterocyclic group can be attached to the remainder of the molecule by any one of the carbon atoms or a nitrogen atom, if present.
  • the heterocyclic group may include, but is not limited to, a 4-membered ring such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl; a 5-membered ring such as tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, pyrrole Alkyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrrolinyl; or 6-membered ring, such as tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, dithiaalkyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl Or a trithiaalkyl group; or a 7-membered ring such as a diazepanyl group.
  • a 4-membered ring such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl
  • a 5-membered ring such as tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, pyrrole Alkyl, imidazolidin
  • the heterocyclic group can be benzofused.
  • the heterocyclic group may be bicyclic, such as but not limited to a 5,5 membered ring such as a hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(1H)-yl ring, or a 5,6 membered bicyclic ring such as hexahydropyrrole.
  • [1,2-a]pyrazine-2(1H)-yl ring [1,2-a]pyrazine-2(1H)-yl ring.
  • the ring containing a nitrogen atom may be partially unsaturated, that is, it may contain one or more double bonds such as, but not limited to, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, 4H-[1,3,4]thiadiene.
  • the heterocyclic group is non-aromatic.
  • aryl is understood to mean preferably a monovalent, aromatic or partially aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon ring having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably "C 6-14 aryl".
  • C 6-14 aryl is understood to mean preferably a monovalent, bicyclic or monovalent aromatic or partially aromatic having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 carbon atoms.
  • C 6-14 aryl a tricyclic hydrocarbon ring
  • C 6 aryl a ring having 6 carbon atoms
  • C 9 aryl such as indanyl or fluorenyl
  • C 10 aryl a ring having 10 carbon atoms
  • C13 aryl such as a fluorenyl group
  • C14 aryl a ring having 14 carbon atoms
  • heteroaryl is understood to include a monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring system having from 5 to 20 ring atoms and containing from 1 to 5 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S.
  • An atom such as "5-14 membered heteroaryl”.
  • the term “5-14 membered heteroaryl” is understood to include a monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring system having 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 ring atoms, especially 5 or 6 or 9 or 10 carbon atoms, and which contain 1-5, preferably 1-3, each independently selected from N, O and S heteroatoms and, in each case The benzo can be fused.
  • the heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thia Diazolyl, thia-4H-pyrazolyl, and the like, and benzo derivatives thereof, such as benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzene And a triazolyl group, a carbazolyl group, a fluorenyl group, an isodecyl group, etc.; or a pyridyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, etc., and a benzo derivative thereof
  • a heterocyclyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylene includes all possible isomeric forms thereof, such as positional isomers thereof.
  • pyridyl or pyridinyl includes pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl And pyridin-4-yl;
  • thienyl or thienylene includes thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-3-yl and thiophen-3-yl.
  • alkyl such as “C 1-40 alkyl”
  • alkyloxy such as “alkyloxy”
  • alkoxy such as the terms "alkoxy” and the like.
  • alkenyl such as “alkynyl”, “cycloalkyl”, “heterocyclyl”, “aryl” and “heteroaryl”
  • alkenyl such as "alkynyl”, “cycloalkyl”, “heterocyclyl”, “aryl” and “heteroaryl”
  • the nitrogen atom may optionally be further oxidized to form an oxynitride.
  • the preparation method of the invention has the advantages of convenient operation, short cycle and low cost, avoiding the use of a large amount of silica gel, quartz sand and organic solvent, and the three wastes are less in emissions and more environmentally friendly.
  • the Applicant surprisingly found that the product obtained by the preparation method of the present invention has high purity and the content of rearranged products can be less than 0.5%, which significantly improves the existing column chromatography application process. It is not possible to amplify the technical problems of batch purification and long product purification cycles.
  • the production method of the present invention it is not necessary to first obtain a crude product by column chromatography as in the method disclosed in the prior art, and then recrystallize to obtain a purified product having a lower overall yield.
  • the preparation method and the analysis method of the invention better satisfy the long-term needs in the field, such as convenient preparation, one-step, low cost, high comprehensive yield, good purity, low rearrangement impurity content, and the like. Industrial scale production and purity analysis of compound I.
  • FIG. 1 is an HPLC chart of the product obtained in the step 1) of Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an HPLC chromatogram of the product obtained in Step 2) of Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Mobile phase B Take about 3.26 g of ammonium hexafluorophosphate, add 1 L of water to dissolve, add 2.5 ml of phosphoric acid, and mix well.
  • Test solution accurately weigh about 25mg of the test sample into a 25ml dry volumetric flask, add the diluent and dilute to the mark, shake well.

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Abstract

本发明属于药物化合物的制备方法领域,具体涉及苯并咪唑衍生物制备及分析方法。所述方法包括将含有式I化合物的混合物使用溶剂重结晶及打浆,过滤,干燥,得到产品。本发明的制备工艺操作简单,相对于现有技术来说,操作周期短,成本低,产品收率高,三废排放量少,得到的化合物纯度较高,且重排产物的含量低。本发明的纯化工艺改善了现有柱层析无法放大批量纯化的技术问题,符合工业化生产的要求。

Description

苯并咪唑衍生物制备及分析方法
本申请要求2017年7月28日向中国国家知识产权局提交的,专利申请号为201710632950.X,发明名称为“苯并咪唑衍生物制备及分析方法”在先申请的优先权。该申请的全文通过引用的方式结合于本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于药物化合物的制备方法领域,具体涉及苯并咪唑衍生物制备及分析方法。
背景技术
高血压(Hypertension)是最常见的心血管疾病,也是导致充血性心力衰竭、脑卒中、冠心病、肾功能衰竭、主动脉瘤的发病率和病死率升高的主要危险因素。抗高血压药物在高血压疾病的治疗与防治中起着关键作用。随着对高血压发病机制认识的不断深入,许多具有较佳疗效的抗高血压药物,比如利尿剂、β-受体阻滞剂、钙通道拮抗剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI,普利类)、血管紧张素II AT1受体阻断剂(ARB,沙坦类),不断发现并成功应用于临床。血管紧张素II AT1受体阻断剂类降压药的开发始于上世纪70年代,该类产品的第一个上市药物是1994年问世的氯沙坦钾,自该药在瑞典上市以来,沙坦类药物发展迅速,到目前为止相继有缬沙坦、坎地沙坦酯、厄贝沙坦、依普沙坦、他索沙坦、替米沙坦和奥美沙坦酯等产品被美国FDA批准上市。
中国发明专利申请201310042669.2公开了一种苯并咪唑类衍生物,包括川芎嗪和NO供体类衍生物,该类化合物可增强抗高血压疗效,减少不 良反应,对患者肝肾具有较理想的保护作用。其中,所述化合物的后处理步骤均使用柱色谱层析进行纯化。中国发明专利申请201410010180.1也公开了此类化合物的改进的合成方法,其中在目标化合物的反应完成后,首先使用柱色谱层析的方法分离得到粗品,然后将粗品重结晶,得到纯化产物。
众所周知,特别是在药物化合物合成工艺工业化过程中,选择正确的大规模合成的反应顺序,然后分步优化,头脑里首先要有的就是对工艺设备和设施的影像,这也是化学工艺学家不断寻找问题的根源并且尝试解决的问题。这些问题的解决,很少像它们事后看起来的那么简单,因为它们的取得靠的是经验和洞察力之间的相互影响。高效的工艺研发过程是一个着眼于安全生产、产品质量、重复性、耐用性和成本效益的综合过程,包含有机合成方法、理化性质、纯化技术、化学工程原则、实际机械操作等各个方面。就上述现有技术公开的内容而言,其化合物的制备及纯化方法效率较低,特别是柱色谱层析法的成本较高,收率低、整体工艺周期长,不适合工业化规模生产的需要。本领域技术人员应当理解,色谱纯化通常只在优化反应和非色谱方法不足以制备高质量的产物时使用。规模生产中,大量经济支出用于购买色谱设备。当色谱柱规模化应用于医药工业,经常用于纯化单位为克的具有很高价值的药效分子。而且,柱色谱纯化过程需要使用大量的硅胶、石英砂以及有机溶剂等,会产生大量固废或液废,污染环境,安全隐患大。并且,现有技术中纯化产品的杂质含量仍需得到改善,以提高药物化合物的安全性及可靠性。
发明内容
为了改善现有技术的上述问题,本发明首先提供一种苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将含有式I化合物的混合物使用溶剂A重结晶;
2)将步骤1)所得的重结晶产品与溶剂B混合打浆,过滤,干燥,得到产品;
Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-000001
其中,R 1选自H或无取代或取代的下列基团:烷基、烯基、烷基氧基或烯基氧基;
R 2选自无取代或取代的下列基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基或硝酸烷基酯基;
当R 1和/或R 2中的基团被取代时,取代基可以选自一个或多个R a
每一个R a独立地选自-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-SH、-OH、-CN、-COOH、=O,或无取代或被一个或多个R b取代的下列基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基氧基、烯基氧基、环烷基氧基、杂环基氧基、芳基氧基、杂芳基氧基、环烷基烷基、杂环基烷基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、-ONO 2、-烷基-ONO 2、-NR cR d、-C(O)NR cR d、-Y 1C(O)R e或-C(O)Y 1R e
每一个R b独立地选自H、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-SH、-OH、-CN、-COOH、=O、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基氧基、烯基氧基、环烷基氧基、杂环基氧基、芳基氧基、杂芳基氧基、环烷基烷基、杂环基烷基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、-ONO 2、-烷基-ONO 2、-NR cR d、-C(O)NR cR d、-Y 1C(O)R e或-C(O)Y 1R e
每一个R c、R d、R e相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基或-CONH 2
每一个Y 1独立地选自化学键、-O-、-S-,或无取代或任选被一个或多个R a取代的-NH-、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-(CH 2CH 2O) j-;
j选自1以上的整数,例如1~20的整数,例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10。
根据本发明的实施方案,R 1可以选自H或无取代或取代的下列基团:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、乙烯基、甲氧基或乙氧基;
根据本发明的实施方案,R 2可以选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基;
根据本发明的实施方案,R a可以选自
Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-000003
根据本发明的实施方案,R b可以选自烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-ONO 2、-烷基-ONO 2
所述溶剂A可以选自有机溶剂如醇类溶剂、腈类溶剂、酯类溶剂、酮类溶剂中的一种、两种或更多种;或者,当所述有机溶剂可以与水混溶时,所述溶剂A可以为所述有机溶剂与水的混合溶液;
所述溶剂B可以选自酮类溶剂、醚类溶剂、腈类溶剂、酯类溶剂、卤代烃类溶剂等中的一种、两种或更多种。
根据本发明的制备方法,优选地,所述醇类溶剂可以选自具有1~10个碳原子的醇中的一种、两种或更多种,例如选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、环戊醇、环己醇中的一种、两种或更多种,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇;
优选地,所述酮类溶剂可以选自丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丙酮、甲基环己酮、环己酮、甲基异丁基酮中的一种、两种或更多种;
所述醚类溶剂可以选自乙醚、甲基乙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、二丙醚、二丁醚、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇单甲醚、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃中的一种、两种 或更多种;
所述腈类溶剂可以选自乙腈;
所述酯类溶剂可以选自乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸异丙酯的一种、两种或更多种;
所述卤代烃类溶剂可以选自二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳的一种、两种或更多种。
可以与水混溶的有机溶剂可以选自例如醇类溶剂、腈类溶剂、酮类溶剂中的一种、两种或更多种。
当所述溶剂A为所述有机溶剂与水的混合溶液时,所述混合溶液中的有机溶剂的质量百分比可以是50~99%,例如60~95%,如70~95%,作为实例,可以是质量百分比为75%、80%或95%的醇水溶液,例如乙醇水溶液。
根据本发明的制备方法,其中步骤1)中含有式I化合物的混合物的质量与溶剂的体积比(Kg:L)可以为1:(2~6.5),例如为1:(3.5~4.5),如1:4。
根据本发明,所述打浆的温度可以为5~30℃,如15~25℃或20~25℃。
根据本发明,所述打浆的时间可以为1~5h,如2~3h。
作为实例,式I化合物可选自下列化合物:
Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-000004
根据本发明的制备方法,其中所述含有式I化合物的混合物还可含有下式I’化合物:
Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-000005
其中,R 2具有上文所述的含义。
根据本发明的实施方案,步骤1)所述含有式I化合物的混合物中,式I’化合物的摩尔含量可以为3%以上,如3.5%以上,例如4~5%。
优选地,步骤2)得到的产品中,式I’化合物的摩尔含量可以为0.5%以下,优选小于0.5%。
根据本发明的制备方法,其中步骤1)中含有式I化合物的混合物可通过申请号201310042669.2(公开号CN103709154A)和申请号201410010180.1(公开号CN104774196A)记载,特别是实施例记载的制备方法得到。
作为实例,根据本发明的制备方法,其中步骤1)中所述含有式I化合物的混合物通过下列方法得到:
Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-000006
其中,R 1、R 2具有上文所述的定义;
L为离去基团,例如Cl、Br或I。
优选地,阿齐沙坦和式4化合物在碱和有机溶剂的存在下进行反应;
优选地,所述的碱可以是有机碱、无机碱或其混合物,例如碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、醋酸钠、 三乙胺、吡啶、哌啶中的一种或多种;
所述有机溶剂可以是任何能够溶解反应底物的溶剂,例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)或N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);
优选地,反应温度为35~60℃,如40~42℃;
反应时间可以是2~48小时,如12~36小时,例如24小时;
优选地,所述含有式I化合物的混合物为油状物;
优选地,反应完毕后用有机溶剂如酯类溶剂萃取,有机相用水或饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,干燥,蒸发溶剂得到含有式I化合物的混合物。
作为实例,所述混合物可通过如下方法得到:
将阿齐沙坦和式4化合物在碱和有机溶剂的存在下,40~42℃反应24小时,降温,加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,干燥,蒸发溶剂得到含有式I化合物的油状物。
例如,可通过专利申请201410010180.1实施例13记载的柱层析之前的方法制备含有式I化合物的混合物,其可为油状物形态。
为此,本发明所述式I化合物的制备方法还可以任选地包括上述制备含有式I化合物的混合物的方法、一个或多个步骤及条件参数。
本发明还提供式I化合物的分离方法、式I化合物的纯度分析方法或式I’化合物的含量分析方法,例如根据本发明制备方法步骤1)或2)所得产品中式I化合物的纯度分析方法或式I’化合物的含量分析方法,包括使用如下一种或多种条件的高效液相色谱进行分析:
色谱柱:填料为C18的色谱柱,优选反相色谱柱,例如Venusil MP C18(2)或Waters T3;
检测波长:275~285nm,如280nm;
柱温:30~40℃,如35℃;
流速:0.8~1.2ml/min,如1.0ml/min;
梯度洗脱流动相如下:
流动相A:腈类溶剂,如乙腈;
流动相B:含有六氟磷酸铵和磷酸的水溶液,例如含有3~4g/L六氟磷酸铵和4~5g/L磷酸的水溶液;
根据需要,可使用稀释剂;例如,所述稀释剂可以为乙腈、甲醇和水的混合溶液,且含有0.08~0.12体积%的磷酸;优选地,所述稀释剂中,乙腈:甲醇:水:磷酸(v:v)=(4.5~5.5):(1.5~2.5):(2~4):(0.008~0.012),例如4.9:2.1:3:0.01;
优选地,梯度洗脱采用如下方式进行:
Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-000007
本发明还提供一种流动相B,其含有六氟磷酸铵。
优选地,所述流动相B为含有六氟磷酸铵的水溶液;
优选地,所述流动相B含有六氟磷酸铵、磷酸和水的混合物;
优选地,所述流动相B为含有六氟磷酸铵和磷酸的水溶液,例如含有3~4g/L六氟磷酸铵和4~5g/L磷酸的水溶液;
根据本发明,所述流动相B优选为高效液相色谱流动相,其可用于分离上述含有式I化合物的混合物、分析式I化合物的纯度和/或分析式I’化合物的含量的用途;
根据本发明,所述流动相B可与上述流动相A结合用于上述用途;
优选地,当流动相B可与流动相A结合用于上述用途时,流动相B与流动相A可以混合;
优选地,在上述用途中,可采用上文描述的一种或多种高效液相色谱条件和/或梯度洗脱条件。
本发明还提供六氟磷酸铵用于分离上述含有式I化合物的混合物、分析式I化合物的纯度和/或分析式I’化合物的含量的用途。
术语定义和说明
除非另有定义,否则本文所有科技术语具有的涵义与权利要求主题所属领域技术人员通常理解的涵义相同。除非另有说明,本文全文引用的所有专利、专利申请、公开材料通过引用方式整体并入本文。如果本文对术语有多个定义,以本章的定义为准。
本申请说明书和权利要求书记载的数值范围,当该数值范围被理解为“整数”时,应当理解为记载了该范围的两个端点以及该范围内的每一个整数。例如,“0~10的整数”应当理解为记载了0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的每一个整数。当该数值范围被理解为“数”时,应当理解为记载了该范围的两个端点、该范围内的每一个整数以及该范围内的每一个小数。例如,“0~10的数”应当被理解为不仅记载了0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的每一个整数,还至少记载了其中每一个整数分别与0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9的和。
术语“烷基”应理解为优选表示具有1~40个碳原子的直连或支链饱和一价烃基,优选为C 1-10烷基。“C 1-10烷基”应理解为优选表示具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子的直连或支链饱和一价烃基。所述烷基是例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、2-甲基丁基、1-甲基丁基、1-乙基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、新戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、4-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、1-甲基戊基、2-乙基丁基、1-乙 基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基或1,2-二甲基丁基等或它们的异构体。特别地,所述基团具有1、2、3、4、5、6、个碳原子(“C 1-6烷基”),例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基,更特别地,所述基团具有1、2或3个碳原子(“C 1-3烷基”),例如甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基。
术语“烯基”应理解为优选表示直连或支链的一价烃基,其包含一个或多个双键并且具有2~40个碳原子,优选“C 2-10烯基”。“C 2-10烯基”应理解为优选表示直连或支链的一价烃基,其包含一个或多个双键并且具有2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子,特别是2或3个碳原子(“C 2-3烯基”),应理解,在所述烯基包含多于一个双键的情况下,所述双键可相互分离或者共轭。所述烯基是例如乙烯基、烯丙基、(E)-2-甲基乙烯基、(Z)-2-甲基乙烯基、(E)-丁-2-烯基、(Z)-丁-2-烯基、(E)-丁-1-烯基、(Z)-丁-1-烯基、戊-4-烯基、(E)-戊-3-烯基、(Z)-戊-3-烯基、(E)-戊-2-烯基、(Z)-戊-2-烯基、(E)-戊-1-烯基、(Z)-戊-1-烯基、己-5-烯基、(E)-己-4-烯基、(Z)-己-4-烯基、(E)-己-3-烯基、(Z)-己-3-烯基、(E)-己-2-烯基、(Z)-己-2-烯基、(E)-己-1-烯基、(Z)-己-1-烯基、异丙烯基、2-甲基丙-2-烯基、1-甲基丙-2-烯基、2-甲基丙-1-烯基、(E)-1-甲基丙-1-烯基、(Z)-1-甲基丙-1-烯基、3-甲基丁-3-烯基、2-甲基丁-3-烯基、1-甲基丁-3-烯基、3-甲基丁-2-烯基、(E)-2-甲基丁-2-烯基、(Z)-2-甲基丁-2-烯基、(E)-1-甲基丁-2-烯基、(Z)-1-甲基丁-2-烯基、(E)-3-甲基丁-1-烯基、(Z)-3-甲基丁-1-烯基、(E)-2-甲基丁-1-烯基、(Z)-2-甲基丁-1-烯基、(E)-1-甲基丁-1-烯基、(Z)-1-甲基丁-1-烯基、1,1-二甲基丙-2-烯基、1-乙基丙-1-烯基、1-丙基乙烯基、1-异丙基乙烯基。
术语“炔基”应理解为表示直连或支链的一价烃基,其包含一个或多个三键并且具有2~40个碳原子,优选“C 2-C 10炔基”。术语“C 2-C 10炔基”应理解为优选表示直连或支链的一价烃基,其包含一个或多个三键并且具有 2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子,特别是2或3个碳原子(“C 2-C 3-炔基”)。所述炔基是例如乙炔基、丙-1-炔基、丙-2-炔基、丁-1-炔基、丁-2-炔基、丁-3-炔基、戊-1-炔基、戊-2-炔基、戊-3-炔基、戊-4-炔基、己-1-炔基、己-2-炔基、己-3-炔基、己-4-炔基、己-5-炔基、1-甲基丙-2-炔基、2-甲基丁-3-炔基、1-甲基丁-3-炔基、1-甲基丁-2-炔基、3-甲基丁-1-炔基、1-乙基丙-2-炔基、3-甲基戊-4-炔基、2-甲基戊-4-炔基、1-甲基戊-4-炔基、2-甲基戊-3-炔基、1-甲基戊-3-炔基、4-甲基戊-2-炔基、1-甲基戊-2-炔基、4-甲基戊-1-炔基、3-甲基戊-1-炔基、2-乙基丁-3-炔基、1-乙基丁-3-炔基、1-乙基丁-2-炔基、1-丙基丙-2-炔基、1-异丙基丙-2-炔基、2,2-二甲基丁-3-炔基、1,1-二甲基丁-3-炔基、1,1-二甲基丁-2-炔基或3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔基。特别地,所述炔基是乙炔基、丙-1-炔基或丙-2-炔基。
术语“环烷基”应理解为表示饱和的一价单环或双环烃环,其具有3~20个碳原子,优选“C 3-10环烷基”。术语“C 3-10环烷基”应理解为表示饱和的一价单环或双环烃环,其具有3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子。所述C 3-10环烷基可以是单环烃基,如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基或环癸基,或者是双环烃基如十氢化萘环。
术语“杂环基”意指饱和的一价单环或双环烃环,其包含1-5个独立选自N、O和S的杂原子,优选“3-10元杂环基”。术语“3-10元杂环基”意指饱和的一价单环或双环烃环,其包含1-5个,优选1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子。所述杂环基可以通过所述碳原子中的任一个或氮原子(如果存在的话)与分子的其余部分连接。特别地,所述杂环基可以包括但不限于:4元环,如氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基;5元环,如四氢呋喃基、二氧杂环戊烯基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、吡咯啉基;或6元环,如四氢吡喃基、哌啶基、吗啉基、二噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、哌嗪基或三噻烷基;或7元环,如二氮杂环庚烷基。任选地,所述杂环基可以是苯并稠合的。所述杂环基可以是双环的,例如但不限于5,5元环,如六氢环戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基环,或者5,6元双环,如六氢吡 咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2(1H)-基环。含氮原子的环可以是部分不饱和的,即它可以包含一个或多个双键,例如但不限于2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯基、4H-[1,3,4]噻二嗪基、4,5-二氢噁唑基或4H-[1,4]噻嗪基,或者,它可以是苯并稠合的,例如但不限于二氢异喹啉基、1,3-苯并噁唑基、1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基。根据本发明,所述杂环基是无芳香性的。
术语“芳基”应理解为优选表示具有6~20个碳原子的一价芳香性或部分芳香性的单环、双环或三环烃环,优选“C 6-14芳基”。术语“C 6-14芳基”应理解为优选表示具有6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14个碳原子的一价芳香性或部分芳香性的单环、双环或三环烃环(“C 6-14芳基”),特别是具有6个碳原子的环(“C 6芳基”),例如苯基;或联苯基,或者是具有9个碳原子的环(“C 9芳基”),例如茚满基或茚基,或者是具有10个碳原子的环(“C 10芳基”),例如四氢化萘基、二氢萘基或萘基,或者是具有13个碳原子的环(“C 13芳基”),例如芴基,或者是具有14个碳原子的环(“C 14芳基”),例如蒽基。
术语“杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系:其具有5~20个环原子且包含1-5个独立选自N、O和S的杂原子,例如“5-14元杂芳基”。术语“5-14元杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系:其具有5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14个环原子,特别是5或6或9或10个碳原子,且其包含1-5个,优选1-3各独立选自N、O和S的杂原子并且,另外在每一种情况下可为苯并稠合的。特别地,杂芳基选自噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、噁唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、噻-4H-吡唑基等以及它们的苯并衍生物,例如苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基、吲唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚 基等;或吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基等,以及它们的苯并衍生物,例如喹啉基、喹唑啉基、异喹啉基等;或吖辛因基、吲嗪基、嘌呤基等以及它们的苯并衍生物;或噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基等。
除非另有说明,杂环基、杂芳基或亚杂芳基包括其所有可能的异构形式,例如其位置异构体。因此,对于一些说明性的非限制性实例,吡啶基或亚吡啶基包括吡啶-2-基、亚吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、亚吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基和亚吡啶-4-基;噻吩基或亚噻吩基包括噻吩-2-基、亚噻吩-2-基、噻吩-3-基和亚噻吩-3-基。
上述对术语“烷基”,如“C 1-40烷基”的定义同样适用于含有所述术语的其他术语,例如术语“烷基氧基”、“烷氧基”等。同样地,上述对术语“烯基”、“炔基”、“环烷基”、“杂环基”、“芳基”和“杂芳基”的定义相应地同样适用于含有其的其他术语。
尽管没有全部示出,但当上述取代基中含有氮原子时,所述氮原子可以任选地进一步被氧化形成氮氧化物。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的制备方法操作便捷,周期短,成本低,避免大量硅胶、石英砂以及有机溶剂的使用,三废排放量少,对环境更加友好。申请人经过大量的工艺筛选和分析评价后惊讶地发现,通过本发明的制备方法得到的产品纯度高,且重排产物的含量可达0.5%以下,显著改善了现有柱层析应用过程中无法放大批量纯化及产物纯化周期长的技术问题。并且,通过本发明的制备方法,无需再按照现有技术公开的方法那样,首先使用柱色谱法得到粗品,再重结晶得到综合收率较低的纯化产物。相反,本发明的制备方法和分析方法更好地满足了制备方法便捷、一步到位、成本低、综合收率高、纯度良好、重排杂质含量低等本领域长期存在的需求,特别适于式I化合物的工业化规模生产和纯度分析。
申请人还发现,在分离上述含有式I化合物的混合物、分析式I化合物的纯度和/或分析式I’化合物的含量时,流动相中的六氟磷酸铵或六氟磷酸铵和磷酸的缓冲溶液能够显著改善分离效果。不拘囿于已有的理论,可认为六氟磷酸铵能够与待分离混合物中的杂质(如化合物I’)形成离子对,从而增加杂质的保留时间,故可改善分离效果。更进一步地,六氟磷酸铵和磷酸组成的缓冲溶液可改善产品与杂质的分离效果和峰形。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例3步骤1)所得产品的HPLC图谱。
图2为本发明实施例3步骤2)所得产品的HPLC图谱。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的制备工艺更进一步的详细说明。应当理解,下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明,而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术方案,均应涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明,以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品,或者可以通过已知方法制备。
纯度分析方法:
仪器与试剂:Agilent1260高效液相色谱仪、Venusil MP C18(2),5um,4.6*250mm或Waters T3,5um,4.6*250mm色谱柱、分析天平(感应量0.0001g)、磷酸、甲醇、乙腈。
溶液配制:
流动相A:乙腈
流动相B:取六氟磷酸铵约3.26g,加水1L溶解后,加入2.5ml磷酸,混匀,即得。
稀释剂:取乙腈与甲醇适量配成乙腈/甲醇=7/3的溶液,然后取该溶液适量,与水按(乙腈/甲醇=7/3)/水=7/3混合,并按体积比加入0.1%(v/v)的磷酸,即得。
供试品溶液:精密称取供试品约25mg置于25ml干燥量瓶中,加稀释剂溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀。
色谱条件
——色谱柱:Venusil MP C18(2),5um,4.6*250mm或Waters T3,5um,4.6*250mm;
——进样量:10μl;
——检测器:紫外检测器;
——检测波长:280nm;
——柱温:35℃;
——流速:1.0ml/min;
——样品盘温度:4℃;
——梯度洗脱程序如下:
Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-000008
制备例1
根据专利申请201410010180.1实施例13记载的柱层析之前的方法,将如下式4-1化合物纯品10kg溶于200L的DMF中,搅拌下加入阿齐沙坦21.2kg和碳酸铯25kg,然后升温至40℃,保持此温度反应24小时。TLC监测反应显示式4-1化合物几乎反应完毕,反应液温度降至室温,加入1000L水,用乙酸乙酯萃取(200L*3),合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤(100L*2),无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸发至干,得到20kg混合物,其为含有式5化合物及其重排杂质化合物5-1的油状物,其中重排杂质化合物5-1的含量经检测为4.8%,大于3%。
Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-000009
实施例1
1)往式5化合物粗品油状物约10kg中加入40L丁醇,升温至80℃溶解,冷却至室温结晶过夜。过滤,收集固体,用2.0L丁醇淋洗滤饼,减压干燥,得到产品9.5kg,收率95.0%(以式5化合物粗品油状物计算),产品 纯度87.0%;
2)上一步重结晶后式5化合物固体9.5kg中加入18.4L叔丁酮,室温打浆2h,过滤,减压干燥,得到产品8.64kg,纯度99.2%,收率90.9%,其中重排杂质含量为0.42%,小于0.50%。
实施例2
1)往式5化合物粗品油状物约13kg中加入52L质量百分比为75%的乙醇,升温至60℃溶解2小时。缓慢降温至室温结晶过夜。过滤,收集固体,用2L75%乙醇淋洗滤饼,减压干燥,得到产品11.1kg,收率85.4%(以式5化合物粗品油状物计算),产品纯度87.6%。
2)上一步重结晶后式5化合物固体11.1Kg中加入110L甲基异丁基酮,加热至80℃全部溶解,冷却至室温析晶过夜,过滤,减压干燥,得到式5化合物产品9.6kg,纯度99.4%,收率86.5%,其中重排杂质含量为0.38%,小于0.50%。
实施例3
1)往式5化合物粗品油状物约23kg中加入92L质量百分比为95%的乙醇,升温至60℃溶解2小时。缓慢降温至室温结晶过夜。过滤,收集固体,用2.0L95%乙醇淋洗滤饼,减压干燥,得到产品19.5kg,收率84.8%(以式5化合物粗品油状物计算)。产品纯度为89.6%。
2)上一步重结晶后式5化合物固体19.5kg中,加入78L丙酮,室温打浆2-3小时。冷却,过滤,滤饼转移至真空干燥箱中45-55℃减压干燥,得到式5化合物产品17.5kg。产品纯度为99.3%,产品收率89.9%,其中重排杂质的含量为0.39%,小于0.5%。
实施例4
1)往式5化合物粗品油状物约10kg中加入40L无水乙醇,升温至60℃溶解2小时。缓慢降温至室温结晶过夜。过滤,收集固体,用2L无水乙醇淋洗滤饼,减压干燥,得到产品8.4kg,收率84%(以式5化合物粗品油状物计算),产品纯度88.9%。
2)上一步重结晶后式5化合物固体8.4kg中加入33.6L乙酸乙酯,加热至回流全部溶解后,冷却至室温析晶过夜,过滤,减压干燥,得到产品6.8kg,纯度99.1%,收率80.0%,其中重排杂质含量为0.41%,小于0.50%。
实施例5
1)往式5化合物粗品油状物约10kg中加入40L无水甲醇,升温至50℃溶解,冷却至室温结晶过夜。过滤,收集固体,用2.0L无水甲醇淋洗滤饼,减压干燥,得到产品7.4kg,收率74.0%(以式5化合物粗品油状物计算),产品纯度88.7%。
2)上一步重结晶后式5化合物固体7.4kg中加入29.6L乙腈,加热至回流全部溶解后,冷却至室温析晶过夜,过滤,减压干燥,得到产品5.3kg,纯度98.6%,收率71.6%,其中重排杂质含量为0.42%,小于0.50%。
实施例6
1)往式5化合物粗品油状物约10kg中加入40L质量百分比为75%的甲醇,升温至50℃溶解,冷却至室温结晶过夜。过滤,收集固体,用2.0L75%甲醇淋洗滤饼,减压干燥,得到产品8.1kg,收率81.0%(以式5化合物粗品油状物计算),产品纯度88.7%。
2)上一步重结晶后式5化合物固体8.1kg中加入8L二氯甲烷,室温打浆2h,过滤,减压干燥,得到产品4.2kg,纯度98.9%,收率51.9%,其中 重排杂质含量为0.40%,小于0.50%。
实施例7
1)往式5化合物粗品油状物约10kg中加入40L异丙醇,升温至60℃溶解,冷却至室温结晶过夜。过滤,收集固体,用2.0L异丙醇淋洗滤饼,减压干燥,得到产品9.2kg,收率92.0%(以式5化合物粗品油状物计算),产品纯度88.5%。
2)上一步重结晶后式5化合物固体9.2kg中加入18.4L四氢呋喃,室温打浆2h,过滤,减压干燥,得到产品5.6kg,纯度98.9%,收率60.9%,其中重排杂质含量为0.41%,小于0.50%。
实施例8
1)往式5化合物粗品油状物约10kg中加入40L质量百分比为80%的异丙醇,升温至60℃溶解,冷却至室温结晶过夜。过滤,收集固体,用2.0L 80%异丙醇淋洗滤饼,减压干燥,得到产品9.4kg,收率94.0%(以式5化合物粗品油状物计算),产品纯度87.9%。
2)上一步重结晶后式5化合物固体9.4kg中加入5L三氯甲烷,室温打浆2h,过滤,减压干燥,得到产品3.84kg,纯度99.2%,收率40.9%,其中重排杂质含量为0.38%,小于0.50%。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明。但是,本发明不限定于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
    1)将含有式I化合物的混合物使用溶剂A重结晶;
    2)将步骤1)所得的重结晶产品与溶剂B混合打浆,过滤,干燥,得到产品;
    Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-100001
    其中,R 1选自H或无取代或取代的下列基团:烷基、烯基、烷基氧基或烯基氧基;
    R 2选自无取代或取代的下列基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基或硝酸烷基酯基;
    当R 1和/或R 2中的基团被取代时,取代基可以选自一个或多个R a
    每一个R a独立地选自-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-SH、-OH、-CN、-COOH、=O,或无取代或被一个或多个R b取代的下列基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基氧基、烯基氧基、环烷基氧基、杂环基氧基、芳基氧基、杂芳基氧基、环烷基烷基、杂环基烷基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、-ONO 2、-烷基-ONO 2、-NR cR d、-C(O)NR cR d、-Y 1C(O)R e或-C(O)Y 1R e
    每一个R b独立地选自H、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-SH、-OH、-CN、-COOH、=O、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、烷基氧基、烯基氧基、环烷基氧基、杂环基氧基、芳基氧基、杂芳基氧基、 环烷基烷基、杂环基烷基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、-ONO 2、-烷基-ONO 2、-NR cR d、-C(O)NR cR d、-Y 1C(O)R e或-C(O)Y 1R e
    每一个R c、R d、R e相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基或-CONH 2
    每一个Y 1独立地选自化学键、-O-、-S-,或无取代或任选被一个或多个R a取代的-NH-、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-(CH 2CH 2O) j-;
    j选自1以上的整数,例如1~20的整数,例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;
    例如,R 1可以选自H或无取代或取代的下列基团:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、乙烯基、甲氧基或乙氧基;
    例如,R 2可以选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基;
    例如,R a可以选自
    Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-100003
    例如,R b可以选自烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-ONO 2、-烷基-ONO 2
    所述溶剂A可以选自有机溶剂如醇类溶剂、腈类溶剂、酯类溶剂、酮类溶剂中的一种、两种或更多种;或者,当所述有机溶剂可以与水混溶时,所述溶剂A可以为所述有机溶剂与水的混合溶液;
    所述溶剂B可以选自酮类溶剂、醚类溶剂、腈类溶剂、酯类溶剂、卤代烃类溶剂等中的一种、两种或更多种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,
    所述醇类溶剂可以选自具有1~10个碳原子的醇中的一种、两种或更多种,例如选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、环戊醇、环己醇中的一种、两种或更多种,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇;
    优选地,所述酮类溶剂选自丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丙酮、甲基环己酮、环己酮、甲基异丁基酮中的一种、两种或更多种;
    优选地,所述醚类溶剂选自乙醚、甲基乙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、二丙醚、二丁醚、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇单甲醚、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃中的一种、两种或更多种;
    优选地,所述腈类溶剂选自乙腈;
    优选地,所述酯类溶剂选自乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸异丙酯的一种、两种或更多种;
    优选地,所述卤代烃类溶剂选自二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳的一种、两种或更多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其中可以与水混溶的有机溶剂可以选自例如醇类溶剂、腈类溶剂、酮类溶剂中的一种、两种或更多种;
    当所述溶剂A为所述有机溶剂与水的混合溶液时,所述混合溶液中的有机溶剂的质量百分比可以是50~99%,例如60~95%,如70~95%;
    例如,所述混合溶液可以是质量百分比为75%、80%或95%的醇水溶液,如乙醇水溶液。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的制备工艺,其中步骤1)中含有式I化合物的混合物的质量与溶剂的体积比(Kg:L)可以为1:(2~6.5),例如为1:(3.5~4.5),如1:4;
    所述打浆的温度可以为5~30℃,如15~25℃或20~25℃;
    所述打浆的时间可以为1~5h,如2~3h。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法,其中式I化合物选自下列化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-100004
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法,其中所述含有式I化合物的混合物还含有下式I’化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-100005
    其中,R 2具有权利要求1-5任一项所述的含义;
    优选地,步骤1)所述含有式I化合物的混合物中,式I’化合物的摩尔含量可以为3%以上,如3.5%以上,例如4~5%;
    优选地,步骤2)得到的产品中,式I’化合物的摩尔含量可以为0.5%以下,优选小于0.5%。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的制备方法,其中步骤1)中所述含有式I化合物的混合物通过下列方法得到:
    Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-100006
    其中,R 1、R 2具有如权利要求1-6任一项所述的定义;
    L为离去基团,例如Cl、Br或I;
    优选地,其中阿齐沙坦和式4化合物在碱和有机溶剂的存在下进行反应;
    优选地,所述的碱可以是有机碱、无机碱或其混合物,例如碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、醋酸钠、三乙胺、吡啶、哌啶中的一种或多种;
    所述有机溶剂可以是任何能够溶解反应底物的溶剂,例如N,N-二甲基 甲酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮;
    优选地,反应温度为35~60℃,如40~42℃;
    反应时间可以是2~48小时,如12~36小时,例如24小时。
    优选地,反应完毕后用有机溶剂如酯类溶剂萃取,有机相用水或饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,干燥,蒸发溶剂得到含有式I化合物的混合物。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其中所述含有式I化合物的混合物为油状物;
    优选地,所述混合物通过如下方法得到:
    将阿齐沙坦和式4化合物在碱和有机溶剂的存在下,40~42℃反应24小时,降温,加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,干燥,蒸发溶剂得到含有式I化合物的油状物。
  9. 式I化合物的分离方法、式I化合物的纯度分析方法或式I’化合物的含量分析方法,其中式I化合物具有如权利要求1-8任一项的定义,式I’化合物具有权利要求6所述的定义;
    所述方法包括使用如下条件的高效液相色谱进行分析:
    色谱柱:填料为C18的色谱柱,优选反相色谱柱,例如Venusil MP C18(2)或Waters T3;
    检测波长:275~285nm,如280nm;
    柱温:30~40℃,如35℃;
    流速:0.8~1.2ml/min,如1.0ml/min;
    梯度洗脱流动相如下:
    流动相A:腈类溶剂,如乙腈;
    流动相B:含有六氟磷酸铵和磷酸的水溶液,例如含有3~4g/L六氟磷酸铵和4~5g/L磷酸的水溶液;
    根据需要,所述分析方法可使用稀释剂;例如,所述稀释剂可以为乙腈、甲醇和水的混合溶液,且含有0.08~0.12体积%的磷酸;优选地,所述稀释剂中,乙腈:甲醇:水:磷酸(v:v)=(4.5~5.5):(1.5~2.5):(2~4):(0.008~0.012),例如4.9:2.1:3:0.01;
    优选地,梯度洗脱采用如下方式进行:
    Figure PCTCN2018097378-appb-100007
  10. 一种流动相B,其含有六氟磷酸铵;
    优选地,所述流动相B为含有六氟磷酸铵的水溶液;
    优选地,所述流动相B含有六氟磷酸铵、磷酸和水的混合物;
    优选地,所述流动相B为含有六氟磷酸铵和磷酸的水溶液,例如含有3~4g/L六氟磷酸铵和4~5g/L磷酸的水溶液;
    优选地,所述流动相B优选为高效液相色谱流动相,其可用于分离上述含有式I化合物的混合物、分析式I化合物的纯度和/或分析式I’化合物的含量的用途,其中式I化合物具有如权利要求1-8任一项的定义,式I’化合物具有权利要求6所述的定义;
    优选地,所述流动相B与上述流动相A结合用于上述用途,例如流动相B与流动相A可以混合用于上述用途;
    优选地,在上述用途中,可采用如权利要求9中描述的一种或多种高效液相色谱条件和/或梯度洗脱条件。
  11. 六氟磷酸铵用于分离上述含有式I化合物的混合物、分析式I化合物的纯度和/或分析式I’化合物的含量的用途。
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