WO2019006819A1 - 换电等待时间确定系统及方法、换电站、换电系统以及记录介质 - Google Patents

换电等待时间确定系统及方法、换电站、换电系统以及记录介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019006819A1
WO2019006819A1 PCT/CN2017/096739 CN2017096739W WO2019006819A1 WO 2019006819 A1 WO2019006819 A1 WO 2019006819A1 CN 2017096739 W CN2017096739 W CN 2017096739W WO 2019006819 A1 WO2019006819 A1 WO 2019006819A1
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Prior art keywords
power
waiting time
determining
change
sort number
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PCT/CN2017/096739
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范金焰
马翔
刘源
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上海蔚来汽车有限公司
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Publication of WO2019006819A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019006819A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of vehicle power exchange, and more particularly to a power change waiting time determination system and method, a power exchange, a power exchange system, and a recording medium.
  • the premise of changing the battery is that the battery in the power station is fully charged. Usually, the number of batteries in the power station is limited. In the case that there are more vehicles users expecting to change the power, the power exchange capacity of the power station may not be able to meet the replacement capacity. At the same time, the demand of all vehicle users must prompt the user for the waiting time in advance. If there is a long queue, the user experience will be very poor.
  • the present invention has been made to overcome the above disadvantages or other disadvantages, and the technical solution adopted is as follows.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a power change waiting time determination system, including:
  • a queuing order determining unit configured to determine a sort number (x) for a vehicle user requiring a power change
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit is configured to calculate a corresponding power-on waiting time (t x ) based on the sort number (x) determined by the queue order determining unit.
  • the method further includes:
  • a charge and discharge power comparison unit configured to compare a maximum available power (P cmax ) for charging the energy storage unit with a maximum power output (P smax ),
  • P smax is the maximum power conversion output power
  • W p is the power of the newly replaced full-power energy storage unit
  • t c is the length of time of one power-exchange operation.
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit calculates a corresponding power-on waiting time (t x ) according to a power comparison result obtained by the charging/removing power comparison unit.
  • the method further includes:
  • a sort number comparison unit configured to numerically compare the sort number (x) determined by the queue order determining unit with the threshold sort number (n).
  • the power conversion waiting time calculation unit calculates according to the following formula (2) The power change waiting time (t x ):
  • t x is the power-on waiting time
  • x is the sort number
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit is obtained according to the sort number comparison unit
  • the sort number comparison result is used to calculate the corresponding power-on waiting time (t x ).
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit calculates the power-on waiting time (t x ) according to the following equation (3):
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit calculates the power-on waiting time (t x ) according to the following equation (4):
  • n is the threshold sort number
  • t b is a time interval longer than the length of the one-time commutation operation and is determined by the following equation (5):
  • P cmax is the maximum available power to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the threshold sorting number (n) is the last vehicle user who can be supplied with the fully-powered energy storage unit during the length of the one-time switching operation.
  • the sort number is the last vehicle user who can be supplied with the fully-powered energy storage unit during the length of the one-time switching operation.
  • a power station comprising:
  • a power change application receiving unit configured to receive a power change request from at least one vehicle user and output it to the power change waiting time determination system
  • a power-change waiting time transmitting unit configured to transmit a power-on waiting time determined by the power-on waiting time determining system to the at least one vehicle user.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a power changing system, including:
  • At least one power station according to another aspect of the invention.
  • At least one mobile terminal comprising:
  • a power change application transmitting unit configured to transmit a power application of the vehicle user to the at least one power station
  • a power change waiting time receiving unit configured to receive corresponding power change waiting time information from the at least one power station
  • a power change waiting time display unit configured to display a power change waiting time corresponding to the power change waiting time information to the vehicle user.
  • a further aspect of the present invention provides a method for determining a power-on waiting time, which includes:
  • the power-on waiting time calculation step calculates a corresponding power-on waiting time (t x ) based on the sort number (x) determined by the queue order determining step.
  • the method further includes:
  • the charging and replacing power comparison step compares the maximum available power (P cmax ) for charging the energy storage unit with the maximum power output (P smax ).
  • the maximum power conversion output power (P smax ) is represented by the following formula (6):
  • P smax is the maximum power conversion output power
  • W p is the power of the newly replaced full-power energy storage unit
  • t c is the length of time of one power-exchange operation.
  • the corresponding power-on waiting time (t x ) is calculated according to the power comparison result obtained by the charging and discharging power comparison step.
  • the method further includes:
  • the sort number comparison step compares the sort number (x) determined by the queue order determining step with the threshold sort number (n).
  • t x is the power-on waiting time
  • x is the sort number
  • the power-changing waiting time (t x ) is calculated according to the following equation (8) ):
  • the power-on waiting time (t x ) is calculated according to the following equation (9):
  • n is the threshold sort number
  • t b is a time interval longer than the length of the one-time commutation operation and is determined by the following equation (10):
  • P cmax is the maximum available power to charge the energy storage unit.
  • the threshold sorting number (n) is the last vehicle that can be supplied with the fully-powered energy storage unit within the length of time of one power-changing operation The user's sort number.
  • the present invention provides a recording medium characterized by storing therein a program for causing a computer to execute a power change waiting time determining method according to still another aspect of the present invention.
  • the busyness of the nearby power station is pushed to the user, so that the user can know the busy condition of the nearby power station through the terminal such as the mobile phone, and the user can independently select the idle power exchange to replace the battery, which is beneficial to the power station scheduling and automatic balancing.
  • the power exchange load of the power station is changed, and in addition, the busyness of each power station is balanced, so that the operation of each power station is maximized, and the user experience can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power exchange system 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a mobile terminal used by the vehicle users C1 to C6 shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic block diagram of the substation #1 shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the power-on waiting time determination system E20 shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power changing system 200 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a method for determining a power change waiting time according to an embodiment of the present invention. Flow chart of S100.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power exchange system 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the area enclosed by the solid circle marked #1 indicates the inner area of the power station #1
  • the area surrounded by the dotted circle indicates the center of the power station #1
  • the radius is a certain distance (in this embodiment)
  • an area of 5 km is set
  • an area other than the dotted circle is an area exceeding 5 km from the power station #1
  • the triangles labeled C1 to C6 respectively represent six vehicle users, wherein C1 and C2 are vehicle users arriving at the power station, C3 and C4 are vehicle users within 5 km from the power station, and C5 and C6 are vehicle users 5 km away from the power station.
  • vehicle users C1 to C6 all have the ability to apply for power exchange at the power station. However, according to the actual situation, only some vehicle users have applied for power change to the power station within a certain period of time, and the remaining vehicle users have not temporarily changed to the power station. Issue a power change application.
  • six vehicle users are shown in FIG. 1 for one power station, those skilled in the art should appreciate that the structure of the power changing system 100 is not limited thereto, and there may be one vehicle user for one power station. There can also be multiple vehicle users.
  • the six vehicle users C1 to C6 shown in FIG. 1 interact with the power station #1 through their respective mobile terminals when they need to perform power changes.
  • the configuration of each mobile terminal and the substation #1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 2 is a mobile terminal used by the vehicle users C1 to C6 shown in FIG.
  • Schematic block diagram FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the substation #1 shown in FIG. 1.
  • each mobile terminal includes: a power-changing application transmitting unit T10, a power-changing waiting time receiving unit T20, and a power-changing waiting time display unit T30.
  • the power-changing application transmitting unit T10 of the mobile terminal is configured to transmit the power-changing application of the corresponding vehicle user to the power-changing station #1.
  • the power conversion application may include, but is not limited to, user information of the vehicle user and vehicle information.
  • the power change waiting time receiving unit T20 is configured to receive the power change waiting time information from the power station #1.
  • the power-on waiting time information is information related to the power-on waiting time determined by the power-changing station #1 in response to the power-on application of the corresponding vehicle user.
  • the power-on waiting time display unit T30 is configured to display a power-on waiting time corresponding to the received power-on waiting time information to the corresponding vehicle user.
  • the power-on waiting time display unit T30 may be any type of display unit capable of displaying a visual interface to a user, for example, any type of light-emitting diode (LED), organic LED (OLED), cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display may be used. (LCD), plasma, electroluminescence (EL), electrowetting, MEMS or other display technologies are implemented.
  • the power station #1 includes: a power-changing application receiving unit E10, a power-changing waiting time determining system E20, and a power-changing waiting time transmitting unit E30.
  • the power-change application receiving unit E10 is configured to receive a power-change request from at least one of the vehicle users C1 to C6 and output it to the power-on waiting time determination system E20.
  • the power-on waiting time determination system E20 is configured to calculate a power-on waiting time of the vehicle user who is requesting the exchange of power. Specific details will be described later.
  • the power-on waiting time transmitting unit E30 is configured to be determined by the power-on waiting time The power-on waiting time determined by the system E20 is sent to the vehicle user who is applying for the exchange.
  • the power-on waiting time determining system E20 includes a queuing order determining unit E201 and a power-changing waiting time calculating unit E202.
  • the queuing order determining unit E201 is configured to determine the sort number (x) for the vehicle user who needs to be replaced.
  • the assigned sorting number is smaller than after entering the substation.
  • the vehicle of the gate For vehicles that do not arrive at the substation, the sorting is based on the time required to arrive at the substation, and the users with short time are ranked first, and the sorting number is smaller than the user who expects to arrive longer.
  • the user who has applied for a change of power within 5 km from the substation for example, is placed behind the user who has arrived at the substation, in other words, the user who has applied for a change of power within 5 km from the substation, for example.
  • the number is greater than the sorting number of the user who has arrived at the power station. Accordingly, the user who has applied for power change, for example, 5 kilometers away from the power station, is placed behind the user who has applied for power change within 5 kilometers from the power station, in other words.
  • the ranking number of the user who has applied for power change is greater than the number of the user who has applied for power change within 5 kilometers from the power station.
  • users who are within 5 km from the substation and who do not apply for a change of power they will be placed behind a user who is 5 km away from the substation and has applied for a change of power, in other words, at a distance from the substation, for example
  • the number of users within the kilometer and not applying for power change will be greater than the sort number of the user who has applied for a power change, for example, 5 kilometers away from the power station.
  • the SOC of the user's vehicle is below, for example, 30%, these users will be considered potential power-changing users who may apply for a power change or may not apply for a power change.
  • the probability of applying for power change is ⁇ (this value can be adjusted according to historical data of the operation of the power station), thereby estimating that no power is applied within 5 kilometers from the power station.
  • C1 and C2 are vehicle users who arrive at the power station
  • C3 and C4 are vehicle users within 5 kilometers from the power station
  • C5 and C6 are in the distance change.
  • C3 and C5 have applied for power change to the power station #1 and C4 and C6 have not applied for power exchange.
  • the queuing sequence determining unit E201 determines the sorting number for the six users, since C2 arrives at the power station earlier than C1, the sorting number of C2 is No. 1, the sorting number of C1 is No. 2, and the next No. 3 is C3.
  • No. 4 is C5, No. 5 is C4.
  • the sorting number is not determined.
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit E202 is configured to calculate a corresponding power-on waiting time based on the sort number determined by the queue order determining unit E201.
  • the power-on waiting time determining system E20 may further include a charging/removing power comparing unit E203.
  • the charging and discharging power comparison unit E203 is configured to compare the maximum available power P cmax for charging the energy storage unit with the maximum power conversion output power P smax , and the power conversion waiting time calculation unit E202 is obtained according to the charging and discharging power comparison unit E203 The power comparison result is used to calculate the corresponding power-on waiting time t x .
  • the maximum available power P cmax for charging the energy storage unit refers to the maximum charging power of the power storage unit for charging the power station, which is limited by factors such as the power supply capacity of the power station and the maximum output capacity of the charger, and the maximum change
  • the electric output power P smax is expressed by the following formula (1):
  • W p is the amount of power of the fully-charged energy storage unit of the new replacement (ie, being replaced by the vehicle) (ie, the allowable charging capacity under DC fast charge conditions), and, from the long-term statistical effect, each time The energy storage unit that is replaced by the vehicle has the same amount of electricity
  • t c is the length of time for one power exchange operation and its value is usually determined by the system of the power station itself. For the same system, t c is a fixed value.
  • the one-time power-change operation refers to the process in which the vehicle starts to change power until the power-change is completed (that is, the next vehicle can start to change power).
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit E202 calculates the power-on waiting time t x according to the following equation (2):
  • x is the sort number determined by the queuing order determining unit E201.
  • the power-on waiting time only needs to be calculated by multiplying the length of the one-time switching operation by the number of the vehicle user.
  • the power-on waiting time determination system E20 may further include a sort number comparison unit E204.
  • the sort number comparison unit E204 is configured to numerically compare the sort number x determined by the queue order determining unit E201 with the threshold sort number n, and the power-on waiting time calculation unit E202 compares the sort numbers obtained by the sort number comparison unit E204. To calculate the corresponding power-changing waiting time t x . This is because, when the charging speed cannot satisfy the power-off output speed, there is bound to be a time for the user to wait longer than the length of the one-time switching operation.
  • the nth user is the last vehicle user who can be supplied with a fully charged energy storage unit for the length of time during a single power change operation.
  • the first term represents the total amount of electricity of the original m energy storage units in the power station
  • the second term represents the total time that the power station is charged to the energy storage unit during the period when the nth user is replaced.
  • the third item indicates the total amount of energy stored in the n energy storage units that were replaced by the nth user when the power is changed.
  • n is an unknown quantity in the equation
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit E202 calculates and converts according to the following equation (5). Waiting time t x :
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit E202 calculates the power-on waiting time t x according to the following equation (6):
  • the power-on waiting time determination system E20 can determine the sequence number for the vehicle user who needs to change the power, and then determine the power-on waiting time.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of a power exchange system 200 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
  • the area surrounded by the solid circle marked #1 indicates the internal area of the substation #1
  • the area surrounded by the solid circle marked #2 indicates the internal area of the substation #2, including the exchange
  • the area surrounded by the dotted circle of the power station #1 indicates an area centered on the power station #1 and having a radius of a certain distance (in the present embodiment, for example, set to 5 kilometers), and a dotted circle including the power station #1
  • the area other than the substation #1 is, for example, more than 5 km.
  • the area surrounded by the dotted circle including the substation #2 indicates that the radius is a certain distance centered on the substation #2 (in the present embodiment) In the area of, for example, 5 km), the area other than the dotted circle including the commutation station #2 is an area exceeding, for example, 5 km from the substation #2.
  • the triangles labeled C1 to C9 represent nine vehicle users, respectively. In the scenario illustrated in FIG. 5, the users who need to perform power change among the nine vehicle users C1 to C9 transmit their power-changing applications to the power exchange station #1 and the power exchange station #2 through the mobile terminal, respectively, and #1 and the change station #2 respectively receive the power change waiting time information and display the corresponding power change waiting time.
  • the vehicle user can autonomously select a relatively idle power station to perform power exchange, which is beneficial to the power station scheduling, automatically balances the power exchange load of the power station, and in addition, helps to balance the busyness of each power station, thereby enabling The operation of each power station is maximized, and the user body can be improved. Test.
  • the power-on waiting time determining method S100 includes a queuing sequence determining step S101 and a power-changing waiting time calculating step S102.
  • the queuing sequence determining unit E201 determines the sorting number x for the vehicle user who needs to be replaced, and then, in the power-changing waiting time calculating step S102, the power-changing waiting time calculating unit E202 determines based on the queuing order.
  • the sorting number x determined in step S101 is used to calculate the corresponding power-on waiting time t x .
  • the power-on waiting time determining method S100 further includes a charging and discharging power comparing step, in which the charging/removing power comparing unit E203 compares the maximum available power P cmax and the maximum power-off output power P smax for charging the energy storage unit.
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit E202 calculates a corresponding power-on waiting time t x based on the power comparison result obtained by the charging and discharging power comparison step.
  • the maximum available power P cmax for charging the energy storage unit refers to the maximum charging power of the power storage unit for charging the power station, which is limited by factors such as the power supply capacity of the power station and the maximum output capacity of the charger, and the maximum change
  • the electric output power P smax is expressed by the following formula (8):
  • W p is the amount of power of the fully-charged energy storage unit of the new replacement (ie, being replaced by the vehicle) (ie, the allowable charging capacity under DC fast charge conditions), and, from the long-term statistical effect, each time The energy storage unit that is replaced by the vehicle has the same amount of electricity
  • t c is the length of time for one power exchange operation and its value is usually determined by the system of the power station itself. For the same system, t c is a fixed value.
  • the one-time power-change operation refers to the process in which the vehicle starts to change power until the power-change is completed (that is, the next vehicle can start to change power).
  • the power-on waiting time calculation unit E202 in the power-change waiting time calculation step S102 follows the following equation (9). To calculate the power change waiting time t x :
  • x is the sort number determined by the queuing order determining step S101.
  • the power-on waiting time only needs to be calculated by multiplying the length of the one-time switching operation by the number of the vehicle user.
  • the power-on waiting time determining method S100 further includes a sorting number comparison step, where In the step, the sorting number comparing unit E204 compares the sorting number x determined by the queuing order determining step S101 with the threshold sorting number n, and obtains in the power-on waiting time calculating step S102 according to the sorting number comparison step.
  • the sort number comparison result is used to calculate the corresponding power change waiting time t x . This is because, when the charging speed cannot satisfy the power-off output speed, there is bound to be a time for the user to wait longer than the length of the one-time switching operation.
  • the nth user is the last vehicle user who can be supplied with a fully charged energy storage unit for the length of time during a single power change operation.
  • the first term represents the total amount of electricity of the original m energy storage units in the power station
  • the second term represents the total time that the power station is charged to the energy storage unit during the period when the nth user is replaced.
  • the third item indicates the total amount of energy stored in the n energy storage units that were replaced by the nth user when the power is changed.
  • n is an unknown quantity in the equation
  • n is an integer in the above formula (11)
  • the sort number x determined by the queue order determining step S101 is equal to or smaller than the threshold sort number n
  • the power-on waiting time calculation step S102 according to the following formula (12) To calculate the power change waiting time t x :
  • the power-on waiting time t x is calculated according to the following equation (13):
  • the power-on waiting time determination method S100 can determine the sequence number for the vehicle user who needs to change the power, and further determine the power-on waiting time.
  • the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention may be implemented in the following manner:
  • a disk for example, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like
  • a card for example, a memory card, an optical card, or the like
  • a semiconductor memory for example, a ROM, a nonvolatile memory, or the like
  • a tape can be used as the recording medium.
  • Various types of recording media such as tapes, cassette tapes, and the like.
  • the cost can be reduced, and the portability and versatility can be improved.
  • the above-mentioned recording medium is loaded on a computer, and a computer program recorded on the recording medium is read by the computer and stored in the memory, and the processor (CPU: Central Processing Unit), MPU: Micro Processing The unit (micro processing unit) reads out the computer program from the memory and executes it, whereby the position determining method of the moving object in the above embodiment can be executed and the function of the position determining system of the moving object in the above embodiment can be realized.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

换电等待时间确定系统（E20）及方法（S100）、换电站（#1）、换电系统（100）以及记录介质，所述换电等待时间确定系统（E20）包括：排队顺序确定单元（E201），其被配置成针对申请换电的车辆用户（C1～C6）确定排序号（x）；以及换电等待时间计算单元（E202），其被配置成基于由所述排队顺序确定单元（E201）确定的排序号（x）来计算相应的换电等待时间（tx）。

Description

换电等待时间确定系统及方法、换电站、换电系统以及记录介质 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆换电领域，更具体地涉及换电等待时间确定系统及方法、换电站、换电系统以及记录介质。
背景技术
随着电动汽车数量的持续增长，充电问题日益突出，采样用换电模式可以为用户节省时间。在电动汽车密集度比较大的城区，用户有三种获取电能量的方式：交流慢充、直流快充、换电池。
换电池的前提是换电站有电池是满电状态，通常换电站的电池数量是有限的，在期望换电的车辆用户比较多的情况下，这时换电站可承受换电容量可能不能够满足所有车辆用户的需求，此时，必须提前向用户提示等待时间，如果出现长时间排队的情况，那么用户体验会非常差。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服上述缺点或其它缺点而完成的，所采用的技术方案如下。
本发明的一个方面提供一种换电等待时间确定系统，包括：
排队顺序确定单元，其被配置成针对需要换电的车辆用户确定排序号(x)；以及
换电等待时间计算单元，其被配置成基于由所述排队顺序确定单元确定的排序号(x)来计算相应的换电等待时间(tx)。
进一步地，在根据本发明的一个方面的换电等待时间确定系统中，还包括：
充换电功率比较单元，其被配置成将对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率(Pcmax)与最大换电输出功率(Psmax)进行比较，
其中，所述最大换电输出功率(Psmax)由下式(1)表示：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000001
其中，Psmax为所述最大换电输出功率，Wp为新更换的满电储能单元的电量，tc为一次换电操作的时间长度，
其中，所述换电等待时间计算单元根据由所述充换电功率比较单元得到的功率比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间(tx)。
进一步地，在根据本发明的一个方面的换电等待时间确定系统中，还包括：
排序号比较单元，其被配置成对由所述排队顺序确定单元确定的排序号(x)与阈值排序号(n)进行数值比较。
进一步地，在根据本发明的一个方面的换电等待时间确定系统中，
在所述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率(Pcmax)大于等于所述最大换电输出功率(Psmax)的情况下，所述换电等待时间计算单元按照下式(2)来计算所述换电等待时间(tx)：
tx＝x·tc…(2)
其中，tx为所述换电等待时间，x为所述排序号，
在所述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率(Pcmax)小于所述最大换电输出功率(Psmax)的情况下，所述换电等待时间计算单元根据由所述排序号比较单元得到的排序号比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间(tx)。
进一步地，在根据本发明的一个方面的换电等待时间确定系统中，
在所述排序号(x)小于等于所述阈值排序号(n)的情况下，所述换电等待时间计算单元按照下式(3)来计算所述换电等待时间(tx)：
tx＝x·tc…(3)
在所述排序号(x)大于所述阈值排序号(n)的情况下，所述换电等待时间计算单元按照下式(4)来计算换电等待时间(tx)：
tx＝n·tc+(x-n)·tb…(4)
其中，n为所述阈值排序号，tb为比所述一次换电操作的时间长度更长的时间间隔并且由下式(5)确定：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000002
其中，Pcmax为对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率。
进一步地，在根据本发明的一个方面的换电等待时间确定系统中，所述阈值排序号(n)是最后一个在一次换电操作的时间长度内能被供应满电储能单元的车辆用户的排序号。
本发明的另一方面提供一种换电站，包括：
根据本发明的一个方面的换电等待时间确定系统；
换电申请接收单元，其被配置成接收来自至少一个车辆用户的换电申请并将其输出至所述换电等待时间确定系统；以及
换电等待时间发送单元，其被配置成将由所述换电等待时间确定系统确定的换电等待时间发送至所述至少一个车辆用户。
本发明的又一方面提供一种换电系统，其特征在于，包括：
至少一个根据本发明的另一方面的的换电站；以及
至少一个移动终端，其包括：
换电申请发送单元，其被配置成将车辆用户的换电申请发送至所述至少一个换电站；
换电等待时间接收单元，其被配置成从所述至少一个换电站接收相应的换电等待时间信息；以及
换电等待时间显示单元，其被配置成向所述车辆用户显示与所述换电等待时间信息对应的换电等待时间。
本发明的再一方面提供一种换电等待时间确定方法，其特征在于，包括：
排队顺序确定步骤，针对需要换电的车辆用户确定排序号(x)；以及
换电等待时间计算步骤，基于由所述排队顺序确定步骤确定的排序号(x)来计算相应的换电等待时间(tx)。
进一步地，在根据本发明的再一方面的换电等待时间确定方法中，还包括：
充换电功率比较步骤，将对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率(Pcmax)与最大换电输出功率(Psmax)进行比较，
其中，所述最大换电输出功率(Psmax)由下式(6)表示：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000003
其中，Psmax为所述最大换电输出功率，Wp为新更换的满电储能单元的电量，tc为一次换电操作的时间长度，
其中，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，根据由所述充换电功率比较步骤得到的功率比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间(tx)。
进一步地，在根据本发明的再一方面的换电等待时间确定方法中，还包括：
排序号比较步骤，对由所述排队顺序确定步骤确定的排序号(x)与阈值排序号(n)进行数值比较。
进一步地，在根据本发明的再一方面的换电等待时间确定方法中，
在所述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率(Pcmax)大于等于所述最大换电输出功率(Psmax)的情况下，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，按照下式(7)来计算所述换电等待时间(tx)：
tx＝x·tc…(7)
其中，tx为所述换电等待时间，x为所述排序号，
在所述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率(Pcmax)小于所述最大换电输出功率(Psmax)的情况下，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，根据由所述排序号比较步骤得到的排序号比较结果来计算相应 的换电等待时间(tx)。
进一步地，在根据本发明的再一方面的换电等待时间确定方法中，
在所述排序号(x)小于等于所述阈值排序号(n)的情况下，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，按照下式(8)来计算所述换电等待时间(tx)：
tx＝x·tc…(8)
在所述排序号(x)大于所述阈值排序号(n)的情况下，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，按照下式(9)来计算换电等待时间(tx)：
tx＝n·tc+(x-n)·tb…(9)
其中，n为所述阈值排序号，tb为比所述一次换电操作的时间长度更长的时间间隔并且由下式(10)确定：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000004
其中，Pcmax为对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率。
进一步地，在根据本发明的再一方面的换电等待时间确定方法中，所述阈值排序号(n)是最后一个在一次换电操作的时间长度内能被供应满电储能单元的车辆用户的排序号。
本发明提供一种记录介质，其特征在于，在其中存储有用于使计算机执行根据本发明的再一方面的换电等待时间确定方法的程序。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果如下：
1)为用户提供排队时间，让用户有一个心理预期，当用户知道了排队时间，用户可以选择其它的能源方案，例如直流快充或交流慢充；
2)让用户提前知道目标换电站的繁忙程度，当所有的换电站都有排序号之后，站与站之间的繁忙程度一目了然，这样可以为潜在用户推荐换电地点，为用户节省时间，从而提高用户体验效果；
3)很容易知道用户充电难易程度，可以知道换电站所在的区域内换电供需是否平衡，为进一步规划换电服务提供真实的数据参考；
4)附近换电站的繁忙程度推送到用户，这样用户通过手机等终端就可以知道附近换电站的繁忙情况，用户可以自主选择较空闲的换电站去换电池，这样有利于换电站调度，自动平衡了换电站的换电负荷，此外，有利于使各个换电站的繁忙程度均衡，从而使各个换电站的运营均达到价值最大化，同时可以提高用户的体验。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的换电系统100的示意图；
图2是图1中所示出的车辆用户C1～C6所使用的移动终端的示意框图；
图3是图1中所示出的换电站#1的示意框图；
图4是图3中所示出的换电等待时间确定系统E20的示意框图；
图5是根据本发明的另一实施方式的换电系统200的示意图；
图6是根据本发明的一个实施方式的换电等待时间确定方法 S100的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图对本发明涉及的换电等待时间确定系统及方法、换电站、换电系统以及记录介质作进一步的详细描述。需要注意的是，以下的具体实施方式是示例性而非限制的，其旨在提供对本发明的基本了解，并不旨在确认本发明的关键或决定性的要素或限定所要保护的范围。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的换电系统100的示意图。在该示意图中，标记为#1的实线圆圈所包围的区域表示换电站#1的内部区域，虚线圆圈所包围的区域表示以换电站#1为中心、半径为某一距离(在本实施方式中，例如，设为5公里)的区域，而虚线圆圈以外的区域为距换电站#1超过例如5公里的区域，此外，标记为C1～C6的三角形分别表示6个车辆用户，其中，C1、C2为到达换电站的车辆用户，C3、C4为距换电站5公里以内的车辆用户，C5、C6为距换电站5公里以外的车辆用户。这些车辆用户C1～C6均具备向换电站申请换电的能力，但是，根据实际情况，在某个时间段内仅部分车辆用户向换电站发出了换电申请而其余车辆用户暂时未向换电站发出换电申请。此外，虽然在图1中针对1个换电站示出了6个车辆用户，但是本领域技术人员应当意识到，换电系统100的结构不限于此，针对1个换电站可以有1个车辆用户、也可以有多个车辆用户。
图1中所示出的这6个车辆用户C1～C6在需要进行换电时均通过各自的移动终端来与换电站#1进行交互。以下，将参照图2和图3来说明各移动终端和换电站#1的结构。
图2是图1中所示出的车辆用户C1～C6所使用的移动终端的 示意框图，图3是图1中所示出的换电站#1的示意框图。
如图2所示，各移动终端均包括：换电申请发送单元T10、换电等待时间接收单元T20、以及换电等待时间显示单元T30。
移动终端的换电申请发送单元T10被配置成将相应的车辆用户的换电申请发送至换电站#1。其中，所述换电申请可以包括但不限于车辆用户的用户信息、车辆信息。
换电等待时间接收单元T20被配置成从换电站#1接收换电等待时间信息。其中，所述换电等待时间信息是换电站#1响应于上述相应的车辆用户的换电申请而针对该车辆用户确定出的与换电等待时间相关的信息。
换电等待时间显示单元T30被配置成向上述相应的车辆用户显示与所接收的换电等待时间信息对应的换电等待时间。该换电等待时间显示单元T30可以是能够向用户显示视觉界面的任何类型的显示单元，例如可以使用任何类型的发光二极管(LED)、有机LED(OLED)、阴极射线管(CRT)、液晶显示器(LCD)、等离子体、电致发光(EL)、电润湿、MEMS或其它显示技术来实现。
相应地，如图3所示，换电站#1包括：换电申请接收单元E10、换电等待时间确定系统E20、以及换电等待时间发送单元E30。
换电申请接收单元E10被配置成接收来自车辆用户C1～C6中的至少一个的换电申请并将其输出至换电等待时间确定系统E20。
换电等待时间确定系统E20被配置成计算提交换电申请的车辆用户的换电等待时间。具体细节将在后面进行叙述。
换电等待时间发送单元E30被配置成将由换电等待时间确定 系统E20确定的换电等待时间发送至所述提交换电申请的车辆用户。
接下来，将参照图4来具体说明图3中所示出的换电等待时间确定系统E20的具体结构。
图4是图3中所示出的换电等待时间确定系统E20的示意框图。如图4所示，换电等待时间确定系统E20包括排队顺序确定单元E201和换电等待时间计算单元E202。
排队顺序确定单元E201被配置成针对需要换电的车辆用户确定排序号(x)。
在本示例中，对于到达换电站的车辆而言，如果需要进行换电则参与排队，并且，先进入换电站道闸的车辆排在前面，相应地，被分配的排序号小于后进入换电站道闸的车辆。对于未到达换电站的车辆而言，根据预计到达换电站所需要的时间来进行排序，所需时间短的用户排在前面，排序号小于预计到达所需时间较长的用户。在本示例中，将在距换电站例如5公里以内且已经申请换电的用户排在已经到达换电站的用户后面，换言之，在距换电站例如5公里以内且已经申请换电的用户的排序号大于已经到达换电站的用户的排序号，相应地，将在距换电站例如5公里以外且已经申请换电的用户排在距换电站例如5公里以内且已经申请换电的用户后面，换言之，在距换电站例如5公里以外且已经申请换电的用户的排序号大于在距换电站例如5公里以内且已经申请换电的用户的排序号。另外，对于在距换电站例如5公里以内且没有申请换电的用户而言，其将被排在距换电站例如5公里以外且已经申请换电的用户后面，换言之，在距换电站例如5公里以内且没有申请换电的用户的排序号将大于在距换电站例如5公里以外且已经申请换电的用户的排序号。例如，当用户活动在距换电站例如5公里内且 用户车辆的SOC低于例如30％时，这些用户将被视为潜在换电用户，这些用户可能申请换电，也可能不申请换电。假设该类用户的总数量为up，申请换电的概率为α(该值可根据换电站运营历史数据来进行调整)，由此，估算出在距换电站例如5公里以内没申请换电但未来可能申请换电的用户的总数量为r＝up×α，并且，假设这r个用户中距离换电站最远的那个用户到达换电站所花费的时间为tr。当存在一个活动在距换电站例如5公里以外且已经申请换电的用户s(假设其到达换电站所花费的时间为ts并且对应的排序号为qs)时，tr＜ts并且这r个用户的排序号处于(qs，qs+r)的区间。再有，对于在距换电站例如5公里以外且没有申请换电的用户而言，将不参与排序。
以图1中的车辆用户C1～C6为例，如上所述，C1、C2为到达换电站的车辆用户，C3、C4为在距换电站5公里以内的车辆用户，C5、C6为在距换电站5公里以外的车辆用户，假设C3和C5已经向换电站#1申请换电而C4和C6没有申请换电。当排队顺序确定单元E201对这6个用户确定排序号时，由于C2比C1更早到达换电站，因此，C2的排序号为1号，C1的排序号为2号，接下来3号为C3，4号为C5，5号为C4，另外，由于C6处于5公里外且没有申请换电，因此，不对其确定排序号。
换电等待时间计算单元E202被配置成基于由排队顺序确定单元E201确定的排序号来计算相应的换电等待时间。
优选地，换电等待时间确定系统E20可以还包括充换电功率比较单元E203。该充换电功率比较单元E203被配置成将对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率Pcmax与最大换电输出功率Psmax进行比较，换电等待时间计算单元E202根据由充换电功率比较单元E203得到的功率比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间tx。其中，上述对储能 单元充电的最大可利用功率Pcmax是指换电站对储能单元进行充电的最大充电功率，其受到换电站供电容量、充电机最大输出能力等因素限制，而上述最大换电输出功率Psmax是由下式(1)表示：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000005
其中，Wp为新更换(即，被换上车)的满电储能单元的电量(即，在直流快充条件下允许的充电容量)，而且，从长期的统计效果来看，每次被换上车的储能单元的电量相等，tc为一次换电操作的时间长度并且其值通常由换电站自身的系统决定，对于同一套系统而言，tc为定值。需要注意的是，一次换电操作是指车辆开始换电到换电完成(即，下一辆车可以开始换电)的过程。
在上述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率Pcmax大于等于上述最大换电输出功率Psmax的情况下，换电等待时间计算单元E202按照下式(2)来计算换电等待时间tx：
tx＝x·tc…(2)
其中，x为由排队顺序确定单元E201确定的排序号。换言之，在换电站的最大可用充电总功率大于等于最大换电输出功率的情况下，换电等待时间只需要通过将一次换电操作的时间长度与车辆用户的排序号相乘即可算出。
另一方面，在上述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率Pcmax小于上述最大换电输出功率Psmax的情况下，优选地，换电等待时间确定系统E20可以还包括排序号比较单元E204。该排序号比较单元E204被配置成对由排队顺序确定单元E201确定的排序号x与阈值排序号n进行数值比较，换电等待时间计算单元E202根据由排序号比较单元E204得到的排序号比较结果来计算相应的换电等待 时间tx。这是因为，当充电速度不能满足换电输出速度时，必然有用户需要等待比一次换电操作的时间长度更长的时间。假设轮到第n个用户时换电站中仅有一个满电储能单元，由于充电功率有限，在第n个用户换电期间没有储能单元可以被充满电，那么第n+1个用户在第n个用户完成换电后由于没有可用储能单元而只能等待更长时间，直到电量最多的一个储能单元被充满电。因此，第n个用户为最后一个在一次换电操作的时间长度内能被供应满电储能单元的车辆用户。假设在换电站中原来有m个储能单元为满电状态，那么根据电量相等原理可以得到以下等式：
m·Wp+n·tc·Pcmax＝nWp…(3)，
在该等式中，第一项表示换电站中原有m个储能单元的总电量，第二项表示预计到第n个用户换电完成的这段时间内换电站给储能单元充电的总电量，第三项表示到第n个用户换电完成时被换上车的n个储能单元的总电量，此外，由于在该等式中，只有n为未知量，因此，可得到n：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000006
对上述式(4)中的n取整数，在由排队顺序确定单元E201确定的排序号x小于等于阈值排序号n的情况下，换电等待时间计算单元E202按照下式(5)来计算换电等待时间tx：
tx＝x·tc…(5)，
另一方面，在所述排序号x大于所述阈值排序号n的情况下，这意味着对于第n+1个用户至第x个用户而言均需要等待比一次换电操作的时间长度tc更长的时间(设为下面的tb)，此时，换电等待时间计算单元E202按照下式(6)来计算换电等待时间tx：
tx＝n·tc+(x-n)·tb…(6)
其中，tb由下式(7)确定：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000007
由此，换电等待时间确定系统E20可以针对需要换电的车辆用户确定排序号、进而确定换电等待时间。
此外，需要注意的是，虽然在图1所示的换电系统100中仅示出了1个换电站，但是，根据本发明的换电系统的结构不限于此，也可以包括多个换电站。在图5中示出了根据本发明的另一实施方式的换电系统200的示意图。如图5所示，标记为#1的实线圆圈所包围的区域表示换电站#1的内部区域，标记为#2的实线圆圈所包围的区域表示换电站#2的内部区域，包含换电站#1的虚线圆圈所包围的区域表示以换电站#1为中心、半径为某一距离(在本实施方式中，例如，设为5公里)的区域，而包含换电站#1的虚线圆圈以外的区域为距换电站#1例如超过5公里的区域，同样地，包含换电站#2的虚线圆圈所包围的区域表示以换电站#2为中心、半径为某一距离(在本实施方式中，例如，设为5公里)的区域，而包含换电站#2的虚线圆圈以外的区域为距换电站#2超过例如5公里的区域。此外，标记为C1～C9的三角形分别表示9个车辆用户。在图5所例示的场景下，9个车辆用户C1～C9中的需要进行换电的用户通过移动终端将其换电申请分别发送至换电站#1和换电站#2，而且，从换电站#1和换电站#2分别接收换电等待时间信息并显示所对应的换电等待时间。由此，车辆用户可以自主地选择较空闲的换电站进行换电，这样有利于换电站调度，自动平衡了换电站的换电负荷，此外，有利于使各个换电站的繁忙程度均衡，从而使各个换电站的运营均达到价值最大化，同时可以提高用户体 验。
接下来，将参照图6来说明图4中所示出的换电等待时间确定系统E20中的换电等待时间确定方法S100。
如图6所示，换电等待时间确定方法S100包括：排队顺序确定步骤S101和换电等待时间计算步骤S102。其中，在步骤S101中，排队顺序确定单元E201针对需要换电的车辆用户确定排序号x，接着，在换电等待时间计算步骤S102中，换电等待时间计算单元E202基于由所述排队顺序确定步骤S101确定的排序号x来计算相应的换电等待时间tx。
优选地，换电等待时间确定方法S100还包括充换电功率比较步骤，在该步骤中，充换电功率比较单元E203将对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率Pcmax与最大换电输出功率Psmax进行比较，换电等待时间计算单元E202根据由所述充换电功率比较步骤得到的功率比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间tx。其中，上述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率Pcmax是指换电站对储能单元进行充电的最大充电功率，其受到换电站供电容量、充电机最大输出能力等因素限制，而上述最大换电输出功率Psmax是由下式(8)表示：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000008
其中，Wp为新更换(即，被换上车)的满电储能单元的电量(即，在直流快充条件下允许的充电容量)，而且，从长期的统计效果来看，每次被换上车的储能单元的电量相等，tc为一次换电操作的时间长度并且其值通常由换电站自身的系统决定，对于同一套系统而言，tc为定值。需要注意的是，一次换电操作是指车辆开始换电到换电完成(即，下一辆车可以开始换电)的过程。
在上述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率Pcmax大于等于上述最大换电输出功率Psmax的情况下，在换电等待时间计算步骤S102中换电等待时间计算单元E202按照下式(9)来计算换电等待时间tx：
tx＝x·tc…(9)
其中，x为由所述排队顺序确定步骤S101确定的排序号。换言之，在换电站的最大可用充电总功率大于等于最大换电输出功率的情况下，换电等待时间只需要通过将一次换电操作的时间长度与车辆用户的排序号相乘即可算出。
另一方面，在上述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率Pcmax小于上述最大换电输出功率Psmax的情况下，优选地，换电等待时间确定方法S100还包括排序号比较步骤，在该步骤中，排序号比较单元E204对由所述排队顺序确定步骤S101确定的排序号x与阈值排序号n进行数值比较，在换电等待时间计算步骤S102中根据由所述排序号比较步骤得到的排序号比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间tx。这是因为，当充电速度不能满足换电输出速度时，必然有用户需要等待比一次换电操作的时间长度更长的时间。假设轮到第n个用户时换电站中仅有一个满电储能单元，由于充电功率有限，在第n个用户换电期间没有储能单元可以被充满电，那么第n+1个用户在第n个用户完成换电后由于没有可用储能单元而只能等待更长时间，直到电量最多的一个储能单元被充满电。因此，第n个用户为最后一个在一次换电操作的时间长度内能被供应满电储能单元的车辆用户。假设在换电站中原来有m个储能单元为满电状态，那么根据电量相等原理可以得到以下等式：
m·Wp+n·tc·Pcmax＝nWp…(10)，
在该等式中，第一项表示换电站中原有m个储能单元的总电量，第二项表示预计到第n个用户换电完成的这段时间内换电站给储能单元充电的总电量，第三项表示到第n个用户换电完成时被换上车的n个储能单元的总电量，此外，由于在该等式中，只有n为未知量，因此，可得到n：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000009
对上述式(11)中的n取整数，在由排队顺序确定步骤S101确定的排序号x小于等于阈值排序号n的情况下，在换电等待时间计算步骤S102中，按照下式(12)来计算换电等待时间tx：
tx＝x·tc…(12)，
另一方面，在所述排序号x大于所述阈值排序号n的情况下，这意味着对于第n+1个用户至第x个用户而言均需要等待比一次换电操作的时间长度tc更长的时间(设为下面的tb)，此时，在换电等待时间计算步骤S102中，按照下式(13)来计算换电等待时间tx：
tx＝n·tc+(x-n)·tb…(13)
其中，tb由下式(14)确定：
Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-000010
由此，换电等待时间确定方法S100可以针对需要换电的车辆用户确定排序号、进而确定换电等待时间。
虽然在此之前以换电等待时间确定系统及方法、换电站、换电系统的实施方式为中心进行了说明，但是本发明不限定于这些实施方式，也可以将本发明实施为以下方式：用于执行上述换电等待时 间确定方法的计算机程序的方式或者用于实现上述换电等待时间确定系统的功能的计算机程序的方式或者记录有该计算机程序的计算机可读取的记录介质的方式。
在此，作为记录介质，能采用盘类(例如，磁盘、光盘等)、卡类(例如，存储卡、光卡等)、半导体存储器类(例如，ROM、非易失性存储器等)、带类(例如，磁带、盒式磁带等)等各种方式的记录介质。
通过在这些记录介质中记录使计算机执行上述实施方式中的换电等待时间确定方法的计算机程序或使计算机实现上述实施方式中的换电等待时间确定系统的功能的计算机程序并使其流通，从而能使成本的低廉化以及可携带性、通用性提高。
而且，在计算机上装载上述记录介质，由计算机读出在记录介质中记录的计算机程序并储存在存储器中，计算机所具备的处理器(CPU：Central Processing Unit(中央处理单元)、MPU：Micro Processing Unit(微处理单元))从存储器读出该计算机程序并执行，由此，能执行上述实施方式中的运动物体的位置确定方法并能实现上述实施方式中的运动物体的位置确定系统的功能。
本领域普通技术人员应当了解，本发明不限定于上述的实施方式，本发明可以在不偏离其主旨与范围内以许多其它的形式实施。因此，所展示的示例与实施方式被视为示意性的而非限制性的，在不脱离如所附各权利要求所定义的本发明精神及范围的情况下，本发明可能涵盖各种的修改与替换。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种换电等待时间确定系统，其特征在于，包括：
    排队顺序确定单元，其被配置成针对需要换电的车辆用户确定排序号；以及
    换电等待时间计算单元，其被配置成基于由所述排队顺序确定单元确定的排序号来计算相应的换电等待时间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换电等待时间确定系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    充换电功率比较单元，其被配置成将对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率与最大换电输出功率进行比较，
    其中，所述最大换电输出功率由下式表示：
    Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-100001
    其中，Psmax为所述最大换电输出功率，Wp为新更换的满电储能单元的电量，tc为一次换电操作的时间长度，
    其中，所述换电等待时间计算单元根据由所述充换电功率比较单元得到的功率比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的换电等待时间确定系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    排序号比较单元，其被配置成对由所述排队顺序确定单元确定的排序号与阈值排序号进行数值比较。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的换电等待时间确定系统，其特征在于，
    在所述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率大于等于所述最大换电输出功率的情况下，所述换电等待时间计算单元按照下式来计算所述换电等待时间：
    tx＝x·tc
    其中，tx为所述换电等待时间，x为所述排序号，
    在所述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率小于所述最大换电输出功率的情况下，所述换电等待时间计算单元根据由所述排序号比较单元得到的排序号比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的换电等待时间确定系统，其特征在于，
    在所述排序号小于等于所述阈值排序号的情况下，所述换电等待时间计算单元按照下式来计算所述换电等待时间：
    tx＝x·tc
    在所述排序号大于所述阈值排序号的情况下，所述换电等待时间计算单元按照下式来计算换电等待时间：
    tx＝n·tc+(x-n)·tb
    其中，n为所述阈值排序号，tb为比所述一次换电操作的时间长度更长的时间间隔并且由下式确定：
    Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-100002
    其中，Pcmax为对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5的任一项所述的换电等待时间确定系统，其特征在于，所述阈值排序号是最后一个在一次换电操作的时间长度内能被供应满电储能单元的车辆用户的排序号。
  7. 一种换电站，其特征在于，包括：
    根据权利要求1至6的任一项所述的换电等待时间确定系统；
    换电申请接收单元，其被配置成接收来自至少一个车辆用户的换电申请并将其输出至所述换电等待时间确定系统；以及
    换电等待时间发送单元，其被配置成将由所述换电等待时间确定系统确定的换电等待时间发送至所述至少一个车辆用户。
  8. 一种换电系统，其特征在于，包括：
    至少一个根据权利要求7所述的换电站；以及
    至少一个移动终端，其包括：
    换电申请发送单元，其被配置成将车辆用户的换电申请发送至所述至少一个换电站；
    换电等待时间接收单元，其被配置成从所述至少一个换电站接收相应的换电等待时间信息；以及
    换电等待时间显示单元，其被配置成向所述车辆用户显示与所述换电等待时间信息对应的换电等待时间。
  9. 一种换电等待时间确定方法，其特征在于，包括：
    排队顺序确定步骤，针对需要换电的车辆用户确定排序号；以及
    换电等待时间计算步骤，基于由所述排队顺序确定步骤确定的 排序号来计算相应的换电等待时间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的换电等待时间确定方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    充换电功率比较步骤，将对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率与最大换电输出功率进行比较，
    其中，所述最大换电输出功率由下式表示：
    Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-100003
    其中，Psmax为所述最大换电输出功率，Wp为新更换的满电储能单元的电量，tc为一次换电操作的时间长度，
    其中，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，根据由所述充换电功率比较步骤得到的功率比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的换电等待时间确定方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    排序号比较步骤，对由所述排队顺序确定步骤确定的排序号与阈值排序号进行数值比较。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的换电等待时间确定方法，其特征在于，
    在所述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率大于等于所述最大换电输出功率的情况下，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，按照下式来计算所述换电等待时间：
    tx＝x·tc
    其中，tx为所述换电等待时间，x为所述排序号，
    在所述对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率小于所述最大换电输出功率的情况下，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，根据由所述排序号比较步骤得到的排序号比较结果来计算相应的换电等待时间。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的换电等待时间确定方法，其特征在于，
    在所述排序号小于等于所述阈值排序号的情况下，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，按照下式来计算所述换电等待时间：
    tx＝x·tc
    在所述排序号大于所述阈值排序号的情况下，在所述换电等待时间计算步骤中，按照下式来计算换电等待时间：
    tx＝n·tc+(x-n)·tb
    其中，n为所述阈值排序号，tb为比所述一次换电操作的时间长度更长的时间间隔并且由下式确定：
    Figure PCTCN2017096739-appb-100004
    其中，Pcmax为对储能单元充电的最大可利用功率。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13的任一项所述的换电等待时间确定方法，其特征在于，所述阈值排序号是最后一个在一次换电操作的时间长度内能被供应满电储能单元的车辆用户的排序号。
  15. 一种记录介质，其特征在于，在其中存储有用于使计算机执行根据权利要求9至14的任一项所述的换电等待时间确定方法的程序。
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