Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
  • H01B13/012—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing wire harnesses
  • H01B13/01218—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing wire harnesses the wires being disposed by hand
  • H01B13/01227—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing wire harnesses the wires being disposed by hand using a layout board
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
  • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
  • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
  • B66C1/12—Slings comprising chains, wires, ropes, or bands; Nets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
  • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
  • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
  • B66C1/12—Slings comprising chains, wires, ropes, or bands; Nets
  • B66C1/14—Slings with hooks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
  • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
  • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
  • B66C1/22—Rigid members, e.g. L-shaped members, with parts engaging the under surface of the loads; Crane hooks
  • B66C1/34—Crane hooks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
  • F16B43/02—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts with special provisions for engaging surfaces which are not perpendicular to a bolt axis or do not surround the bolt
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B45/00—Hooks; Eyes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
  • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
  • F16B5/0685—Joining sheets or plates to strips or bars

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a wiring harness, in particular a wiring harness, the individual cables or cable bundles of which are arranged on or above a working surface during manufacture.
• Wiring harnesses are known in practice, in particular in the field of vehicle technology.
• a wiring harness is a summary of individual cables to cable bundles. These lines transmit signals or electrical energy in a vehicle equipped with them.
• Such a wire harness may include various branches, that is, intersections of individual wires, and connectors for tying the wire harness in a vehicle. In places or sections, the individual lines are summarized by, for example, fabric straps, clamps, cable ties or hoses to form a cable harness.
• these harnesses are custom configured so that a variety of different harness variants are to be manufactured.
• a complex harness for a vehicle may take the form of a double H, i.
• An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a wiring harness, which improves handling
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a
• an apparatus for manufacturing a wiring harness comprising: a base, a coupling means provided on the base for coupling to a lifting device, and at least one rigid, protruding from the base finger, which is designed for engaging behind the harness and the work surface.
• the at least one finger has a first portion projecting from the base and a second portion adjoining the first portion.
• the gripper is designed such that it is rotatable about an axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to the working surface.
• the finger comes to a second position by rotating about the axis of rotation from a first position in which the at least one finger is on or above the work surface adjacent to a cable or cable bundle of the wiring harness in which the first portion of the at least one finger is adjacent the cable or cable bundle of the wiring harness and second portion of the at least one finger between the cable or cable bundle of the wiring harness and the
• a cable harness is understood to mean any combination of cables and / or cable bundles into a one-, two- or three-dimensional form.
• a partial or unfinished intermediate state can also be understood as a wiring harness in the sense of the invention.
• the work surface may be part of a building board, a jig or the like.
• the wire harness or its parts may be held above the work surface by support forks or the like.
• the device may be embodied by the gripper alone.
• Harness can be safely gripped by simple mechanical rotation of the gripper and can be raised by means of a lifting device of the harness or parts thereof.
• the gripping process is particularly simple and yet precise.
• Operation is at least partially automatable.
• the lifting operation by the lifting device is feasible or supportable, so that the process is energy-saving and can be performed by a single worker.
• the harness can be lifted off the work surface as a whole without being warped or twisted, and without tangling parts thereof or to the support forks
• the second portion of the at least one finger may be substantially straight and extend substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Therefore, the second section deletes the
• the first portion of the at least a finger should be substantially straight and protrudes substantially at right angles from the base. Due to the straight and right-angled arrangements, the handling is also particularly simple, clear and precise.
• the first section may at least in sections be concavely curved, so that the once gripped cable or
• the second section may be concavely curved at least in sections in order to adapt to an outline of the cable or cable bundle.
• a transition between the first and the second section does not necessarily have to be sharp-edged, but can be continuous.
• a transition section between the first and the second section may be provided.
• the cable or cable bundle can be gripped particularly securely by the finger.
• the gripper is designed so that two fingers are provided.
• the cable or cable bundle can be gripped even better and more stable. This is
• the gripper acts in a kind of bayonet closure: In a first position, the gripper can be driven over a cable or cable bundle so that the fingers come to rest on both sides next to the cable or cable bundle to be gripped. When rotated by 90 °, the second sections come to rest under the cable or cable bundle to be gripped, while the first sections of the fingers continue to support or secure the cable or cable bundle to be gripped.
• the cable or cable bundle is circumferentially encompassed on all sides and can not fall out of the gripper. Nevertheless, there are no active ones
• respective gripping finger planes defined by the first portion and the second portion of the two fingers are substantially parallel to each other.
• the geometry of the gripper is preferably designed so that the cable or cable bundle to be gripped is securely grasped, but without jamming it.
• a clear width between the respective sections of the fingers of the gripper is therefore preferably designed so that the thickest cable or cable bundle of the harness in the manufacture in each rotational position of the gripper loose between the fingers and fits between the second sections of the fingers and the base.
• the cable bundle to be gripped has equal air in all directions .
• the clear width between the second fingers and the base is greater than the clear width between the fingers, there is a greater margin in the height direction and thus lower requirement for the height accuracy when approaching the areas to be gripped.
• the cable bundle is tightened when the gripper is rotated to the second position and engages when starting the gripping points greater freedom in the lateral direction and thus lower requirement for lateral accuracy.
• the second section may be flattened towards the tip in order to better grip a cable or cable bundle that rest directly on a work surface.
• the base may be substantially plate-shaped, in particular rectangular or
• the base may also be formed, for example, as a web or cuboid or other shape.
• the base may also be formed, for example, as a cup or other shape of a housing if a rotary drive or pivot bearing is accommodated therein.
• the coupling agent can be a
• the gripper can be easily screwed to a lifting device.
• the coupling means may also comprise an intermediate piece which can be coupled to the gripper and to the lifting device.
• the intermediate piece may also have a thread which can be screwed into the threaded hole in the base.
• lifting device and intermediate piece correspond to those described above.
• the intermediate piece is preferably elongated, wherein in particular the axis of rotation in
• Substantially corresponds to a longitudinal axis of the intermediate piece.
• the intermediate piece can have a rotary drive for rotating the gripper about the axis of rotation or be rotated by a rotary drive on the lifting device.
• a rotary drive can also be formed on the gripper.
• a rotary drive does not necessarily have to be present.
• only a rotatable mounting can be provided, in which the gripper or the intermediate piece can be rotated manually.
• the intermediate piece may have a suspension and / or damping. This damage to the cable harness can be avoided. If the cable or cable bundle to be gripped rests directly on the working surface, a shock on the lifting device when approaching the working surface can also be reduced by a sprung or damped intermediate piece.
• the device has a lifting device which is coupled or can be coupled to the gripper. There may be several grippers on the
• At least two grippers can be designed to rotate in mutually opposite directions. If two grippers are each designed to rotate in directions opposite to one another, frictional forces on different cables or cable bundles can also cancel each other out so that a displacement of the cable harness can be avoided or at least reduced during gripping.
• the lifting device itself can be designed in many ways.
• the lifting device may have a frame to which one or more grippers are coupled or can be coupled.
• the lifting device can a
• a traversing device for moving the cable pulling device in at least one horizontal direction has.
• the lifting device may comprise a robot arm and / or gantry robot or the like, to which one or more grippers or a frame is / are coupled with one or more grippers.
• Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a wire harness. According to the invention, a gripper is lowered onto or over a working surface on which a cable or cable bundle of the cable harness is arranged, and the gripper is rotated through approximately 90 degrees about an axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to the working surface, whereby the gripper engages behind the cable or cable bundle.
• At least two grippers are preferably simultaneously rotated in the same or opposite directions.
• an entire wire harness is lifted from the work surface or deposited on or at this.
• the tray may, as is known per se, be made on a series of support forks attached to the work surface.
• the process can be automated or semi-automated.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a gripper according to the present
• Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the gripper of Figure 1 from another
• FIG. 3 is a rear view of the gripper of Figure 1; 4 shows an end view of the gripper of Figure 1;
• Fig. 5 is a side view of the gripper of Fig. 1; 6 is a side view of an intermediate piece for use on the gripper of FIG
• FIG. 1 A first figure.
• FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an apparatus for producing a
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view of one through the device of FIG. 7
• FIGS. 1 to 5 An embodiment of a gripper 1 as an embodiment or part of an apparatus for manufacturing a wiring harness according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 show two different perspective views, FIG. 3 shows a rear view, FIG. 4 shows an end view, and FIG. 5 shows a side view of the gripper 1.
• a device for producing a cable harness has the gripper 1.
• the gripper 1 has a base 2 and two fingers 3 protruding from the base 2.
• Each finger 3 has a first section 4 and a second section 5.
• the sections 4, 5 may also be referred to as legs.
• the base 2 is a threaded hole 6 for coupling with a lifting device, which will be described later, formed.
• the base 2 has the shape of a substantially square plate, the first portions 4 of the fingers 3 protrude in a parallel direction substantially at right angles from opposite corners of the base 2 in the same direction and close them respective second portions 5 of the fingers 3 at substantially right angles to the associated first portion 4, so that they extend in opposite directions parallel to each other along each edge of the base 2.
• the second legs 4 are so long that they extend beyond the dimensions of the base 2 addition.
• the first section 4 and the second section 5 of each finger 3 thus forms at the border pointing to the respective other finger 3 a finger plane (not shown in detail) which is perpendicular to the base 2 and the finger planes of the two fingers 4 of the gripper 1 are parallel to each other.
• the finger planes of the two fingers 3 thus define a first clear width w1 between the two fingers 4. If two further planes, which are perpendicular to the base 2 and perpendicular to the finger planes, are thought of at the respective mutually facing surfaces of the first sections 4, define a second clear width w2 between the first two sections 4 perpendicular to the finger planes.
• the first clear width w1 and the second clear width w2 are the same.
• a further level is thought of at the boundaries of the second sections 5 facing the base 2, it defines a third clear width w3, which can also be referred to as a clear height, with the surface of the base 2 pointing in the direction of the fingers 3 the two second sections 4 and the base 2.
• the third clear width w3 is greater than the first clear width w1 and the second clear width w3, which can be seen in particular in Figure 5.
• Sections 5 are longer than the second clear width w2, which is indicated by the representation of an excess length u in Figure 1.
• a threaded hole 6 is formed in the center of the base 2.
• the threaded hole 6 is used for coupling to a lifting device.
• the threaded hole 6 also defines an axis of rotation about which the gripper 1 is rotatable.
• the gripper 1 is lowered onto or over a working surface on which a cable or cable bundle of a cable harness is arranged.
• the fingers 3 come to lie on both sides of the cable or cable bundle, wherein the second leg 5 below a plane of the cable or cable bundle and approximately along a Extension direction of the cable or cable bundle extend.
• the gripper 1 is placed so that the axis of rotation runs approximately perpendicular to the working surface. Then, the gripper 1 is rotated about 90 ° about the rotation axis.
• FIG. 6 shows a side view of an intermediate piece 10, which is the coupling of the
• Gripper 1 with a lifting device is used. Although the gripper 1 by means of the threaded hole
• Spacer 10 to make a distance between the gripper 1 and the lifting device, as this the handling easier and the points to be gripped can be more accessible.
• the intermediate piece 10 is of elongate shape and has a pipe section 1 1, a rod 12, a sleeve 16, a spring 17 and a clamping screw 18.
• the rod 12 is partially slidably received in the pipe section 1 1 and has at the end facing away from the pipe piece a stop 13, a polygon 14 and a threaded pin 15.
• the threaded pin 15 is adapted to the threaded hole 6 of the holder (1, Figures 1 to 5).
• the polygon 14 is provided for tightening the threaded pin 15 relative to the threaded hole 6 of the holder 1 and preferably formed as a square, hexagon or octagon.
• the sleeve 16 is pushed from the pipe piece 11 pointing towards the end over the rod 12 and is supported on the stop 13 of the rod 12 from.
• the spring 17 is in turn supported between the sleeve 16 and the pipe section 1 1.
• the clamping screw 18 is guided by the rod 12 facing away from the end in the pipe section and in an internal thread (not shown) of the rod 12 is screwed, so that by means of the clamping screw 18, the rod 12 against the spring action of the spring 17 with the
• Pipe piece 1 1 can be clamped. Also, by means of the clamping screw 18 a
• FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of an apparatus for producing a
• a work table has a perforated plate 30, which is also referred to as Baubrett on.
• the plate 30 has a working surface 31. In holes of the plate 30 are several
• Support forks 32 arranged, which protrude from the working surface.
• the wiring harness rests in the support forks 32.
• a lifting device 40 has a frame 50, a cable pulling device 60 and a traversing device 70.
• the frame 50 carries over four spacers 10 four gripper. 1
• the grippers 1 are formed according to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 5.
• the intermediate pieces 10 may be formed according to the embodiment shown in Figure 6 and protrude from the frame 50 down in the direction of the on the work table
• spacers 10 Details of the spacers 10 are omitted for simplicity of the drawing. It should be noted that the intermediate pieces 10 are fixed in the frame 50 so as to be rotatable about their longitudinal axis. The grippers 1 are firmly connected to the spacers 10.
• the frame 50 On its upper side, ie the side facing away from the work table, the frame 50 has four eyelets 51 which serve as suspension points for coupling with the
• Cable pulling device 60 serve.
• the cable pulling device 60 has four pulleys 61. On each pulley 61, a rope 62 is wound up. The pulleys 61 are controllable via a control device not shown in detail so that they can up and unroll their ropes 62 together or individually. At a free end of the ropes 62 a respective carabiner 63 is attached, which is coupled to one of the eyelets 51 of the frame 50.
• the traversing device 70 has two rails 71 fastened to cross beams 80.
• the cross member 80 may be, for example, ceiling beams of a workshop or the like.
• two trolleys 72 which are each coupled to one of the pulleys 61 of the cable pulling device 60. It should be noted that in the figure only a short portion of the rails 71 is shown and the rails 71 may extend for a considerable distance within a workshop or the like.
• the trolleys 72 are freely movable in the rails 71 in this embodiment, so that the frame 50 as a whole manually back and forth in the direction of the rails 71 can be pushed.
• the trolleys 72 may be controllable via a control device and drives, not shown, in such a way that they automatically move in the rails 71.
• a control device may include a hand control member suspended from above a cable and having controls for controlling the individual or common movements of the trolleys 72, the cable leading to the drives or to a controller.
• FIG. 8 shows a detail of the cable harness 20 received by means of the gripper 1 in FIG. 7.
• the cable harness has a plurality of individual cables and cable bundles, with one or more cables terminating in plugs or the like in each case. This corresponds to the usual and does not need to be detailed here.
• the wire harness 20 is gripped securely from here four grippers and thus can be transported in its entirety within the factory floor or the like without being stored on a transportation means such as a car or the like.
• the exemplary embodiment of the gripper 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 and described above can be varied in many ways.
• a plate-shaped base 2 instead of a plate-shaped base 2 a bar-shaped base
• the first sections 4 of the fingers 3 may be curved or, if straight, project obliquely (ie at a different angle than the right) from the base 2.
• the first sections 4 are not necessarily parallel in this case.
• the trailing second sections 5 of the two fingers 3 also need not necessarily be parallel to each other.
• Sections and the base is spoken, this is in unparallel and / or non-straight sections to refer to a mean or otherwise characteristic distance.
• a plurality of flange holes may be provided, with which the gripper 1 can be coupled to a lifting device.
• the axis of rotation does not have to correspond to one of the flange or threaded holes.
• the axis of rotation runs centrally and in use approximately perpendicular to a receiving plane (ie a plane determined by the receiving points of the second sections 5) between the two fingers 3.
• a receiving plane ie a plane determined by the receiving points of the second sections 5
• the axis of rotation is to be approximately parallel to and centrally between the first portions 4 of the two fingers 3.
• work surface 21 is vertical or inclined, it may vary depending on the other
• the number of coupled to the frame 50 gripper 1 is the number of coupled to the frame 50 gripper 1 and
• Intermediate pieces 10 are not limited to four, but can be selected as required.
• the spacers 10 do not all have to be the same length. They may have different lengths to be able to approach all gripping points of the wiring harness 20 with a single stroke of the frame 50, even if they are not in a plane.
• two of the gripper 1 can have a mutually reverse arrangement of the fingers and thus reverse direction of rotation to unwanted shifts of
• Harness 20 which could be caused by friction effects when rotating the gripper 1, at least partially compensate.
• the cross sections of the fingers 3 are shown substantially square in the figure. This is not mandatory. Rather, the fingers may have a rectangular, rounded, round, elliptical cross-section.
• the cross section may be variable over the length of the fingers 3.
• the second portions 5 may be flattened towards the end such that it better under a on the
• Work surface 31 directly lying cable or cable bundle slips.
• the grippers 1 can be wrapped on their fingers with a tissue or a foam or the like to protect the cable material.
• intermediate pieces 10 are rotatable on the frame 50 and the grippers 1 are fixedly connected to the intermediate pieces 10. It can also be the
• the intermediate pieces 10 may also be designed simpler than shown in FIG. In particular, they can be unsprung and, for example, designed as simple threaded rods.
• end positions of the rotation can be secured or secured, for example by means of latches or spring-loaded detent elements, or the rotation can undergo a predetermined inhibition, for instance by friction.
• rotary actuators for the gripper 1 can each be provided on the gripper 1, on the intermediate piece 10 or on the frame. These rotary drives can be controlled by the same control device as the cable pull device 60 and / or the travel device 70.
• a distance between the trolleys 72 may be determined, for example, by a suitable, fixed or adjustable and lockable framework. Also, the trolleys 72 may be connected in different rails 71. Thus, the movement of the frame 50 can be better controlled when the trolleys 72 are freely movable per se.
• the rails 71 may in turn be mounted on the cross beams 80 or rails attached thereto transversely to their own longitudinal direction and be freely manually or motorized automated or semi-automatically movable.
• the cross members 80 are, for example, double T-beams
• a tread for a roller carriage to which a rail 71 is attached can be provided by a smoothed formation of at least marginal surfaces of the lower transverse leg of the double T-beam.
• a distance between the rails 71 may be determined approximately by a suitable, fixed or adjustable and lockable framework.
• an x-y moving unit can be formed by means of which the frame 50 can be moved within the range covered by the x-y moving unit to each point in the factory floor or the like.
• the work surface 31 may also be arranged obliquely or vertically.
• the pulleys 61 can be controlled so that the frame 50 is inclined or nearly vertical by different pitches. If eyelets 51 are provided on the lateral surfaces of the frame 50, the frame 50 may also be vertically suspendable.
• the lifting device 40 may be formed in a non-illustrated embodiment as a robot or part of a robot. For example, at one
• Portal robot be arranged a plurality of robot arms, each carrying a gripper 1 and can approach any attack points on the wiring harness 20.
• a single robot arm can have a frame in the manner of the frame 50 shown in FIG. 7 with a plurality of grippers 1 mounted thereon, optionally via respective intermediate pieces 10.
• a base having the shape of a diagonal ridge connecting the two fingers 3 instead of the square plate may also have a threaded bore 6 for coupling to a lifting device.
• a lifting device having a robotic arm or gantry robot instead of a cable pulling device may be coupled either directly with a single gripper or with a frame carrying a plurality of grippers.
• cross members w1, w2 clear width between the first legs in two spatial directions parallel to the

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-06-29 DE DE102017114578.8A patent/DE102017114578B4/de active Active
• 2018
  • 2018-06-27 CN CN201880044283.6A patent/CN110809808B/zh active Active
  • 2018-06-27 WO PCT/EP2018/067177 patent/WO2019002331A1/de active Application Filing

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