Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices
  • H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
  • H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
  • H01L25/07—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group subclass H10D
  • H01L25/071—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group subclass H10D the devices being arranged next and on each other, i.e. mixed assemblies
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
  • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
  • H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
  • H01L23/427—Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
  • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
  • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
  • H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the groups H01L21/18 - H01L21/326 or H10D48/04 - H10D48/07
  • H01L21/4814—Conductive parts
  • H01L21/4871—Bases, plates or heatsinks
  • H01L21/4882—Assembly of heatsink parts
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
  • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
  • H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
  • H01L23/473—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
  • H05K1/02—Details
  • H05K1/0272—Adaptations for fluid transport, e.g. channels, holes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
  • H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
  • H05K1/182—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components associated with components mounted in the printed circuit board, e.g. insert mounted components [IMC]
  • H05K1/185—Components encapsulated in the insulating substrate of the printed circuit or incorporated in internal layers of a multilayer circuit
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
  • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
  • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
  • H05K7/20936—Liquid coolant with phase change
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
  • H05K1/02—Details
  • H05K1/0201—Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
  • H05K1/0203—Cooling of mounted components
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
  • H05K2201/06—Thermal details
  • H05K2201/064—Fluid cooling, e.g. by integral pipes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
  • H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
  • H05K2201/10007—Types of components
  • H05K2201/10166—Transistor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
  • H05K2203/0703—Plating
  • H05K2203/0723—Electroplating, e.g. finish plating

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to a power module and a method for manufacturing the power module.
• Electric power modules may require to make electrical and thermal connection between two metal surfaces like for example a bonding between a Direct bonded copper substrate and a cold-plate or a connection between two printed circuit boards (PCB).
• the connection is made through soldering, sintering or conductive adhesive.
• Electric power modules may further comprise power dies embedded within the printed circuit boards.
• Thermally and electrically attaching a first and a second material surfaces requires a third material that can be pure material or a mix between different material types. Such method creates two interfaces, a first interface is between the first and third materials, the second interface is between the second and third materials. These interfaces are usually weak points that can cause failures in the power module. This is due to the different material properties such as thermo-mechanical behaviour, atom migrations or others.
• the present invention aims to allow the manufacturing of the power module composed of two parts that are bounded wherein the bounding does not generate weak points than can cause failure of the power module.
• the present invention concerns a power module composed of a first and second parts, the first part being composed of conductor layers and insulation layers, characterized in that a first conductor layer is on bottom of the first part, the second part is composed of at least one second conductor layer, the first and/or the second conductor layers comprise cavities that form pipes when the first and second conductor layers are in contact, and in that the first and the second conductor layers are bonded together by a metal plating of walls of the pipes.
• the pipes are filled with a material in order to improve the mechanical, electrical and/or thermal properties of the bond.
• the pipes are filled with two-phase materials.
• the material of the conductor layers is identical to the metal plating material.
• the final assembly is a single medium with no interfaces which reduces the risk of cracks and delamination that leads to a power module failure.
• the material of the conductor layers and the metal plating material are copper.
• this technology can be included in a widely used and mature power electronic manufacturing processes such as DCB (Direct Copper Bonding) or PCB manufacturing.
• the walls of the pipes are further metal plated by a surface passivation material.
• the surface passivation material is nickel or gold.
• the second part is composed of conductor layers and insulation layers and semiconductor devices and/or passive components are embedded within the first and/or second parts.
• the present invention concerns also a method for manufacturing a power module composed of a first and second parts, the first part being composed of conductor layers and insulation layers, a first conductor layer is on bottom of the first part, the second part is composed of at least one second conductor layer, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
• the pipes are filled with a material in order to improve the mechanical, electrical and/or thermal properties of the bond.
• the pipes are filled with two-phase materials.
• the heat spreading is enhanced or the heat is transported outside the module and more importantly, the thermal capacity is greatly enhanced.
• the material of the conductor layers is identical to the metal plating material.— ⁇
• the final assembly is a single medium with no interfaces which reduces the risk of cracks and delamination that leads to a power module failure.
• the method further comprises the step of plating the walls of the pipes with a surface passivation material.
• the cooling circuit will remain without deposits for longer time and its maintenance is reduced or negated as the surface passivation is resistant to the cooling fluid.
• Fig. 1 represents a first part of a power power module to be processed in order to create pipes between the first part and a second part of the power module according to the present invention.
• Fig. 2 represents the first and second parts of the power module according to the present invention.
• Fig. 3 represents the first and second parts of the power module that are assembled in order to form pipes according to the present invention.
• Fig. 4 represents the first and second parts of the power module that are bonded together thanks to a metal plating of the walls of the pipes.
• Fig. 5 represents the first and second parts of the power module that are bonded together and wherein a second passivation metal plating of the walls of the pipes is performed according to the present invention.
• Fig. 6 represents an alogrithm for manufacturing a power module according to the present invention.
• Fig. 1 represents a first part of a power power module to be processed in order to create pipes between the first part and a second part of the power module according to the present invention.
• the first part 100a of the power module is for example a printed circuit board made of conductor layers 110, 1 12, 1 16 and 118, like for example copper layers and insulation layers 1 11, 115 and 117 like for example FR4.
• the printed circuit board may have semiconductor or passive devices 114a and 114b embedded in the structure.
• the first part is a printed circuit board made of four conductor layers 1 10, 1 12, 116 and 1 18 which are made of copper and three insulation layers 1 1 1 , 1 15 and 1 17 which are made of FR4.
• the structure has two semiconductor devices 1 14a and 114b embedded in the first part and connected by laser drilling and copper plating 113.
• Fig. 2 represents the first and second parts of the power module according to the present invention.
• the second part 100b of the power module is similar to the first part. It has to be noted here that the second part may be different from the relied art, the second part may be composed of "a ⁇ single conductor layer.
• the second part 100b is a printed circuit board made of four conductor layers which are made of copper and three insulation layers which are made of FR4.
• the structure has two semiconductor devices embedded in the first part and connected by laser drilling and copper plating.
• the first and second parts 100a and 100b of the power module more precisely the conductor layer 1 18 of the first part 100a and the conductor layer 205 of the second part are processed in order to form cavities 200a to 200g on the surface of the conductor layer 118 and cavities 210a to 21 Og on the surface of the conductor layer 205 when the first and second parts are in contact.
• the process is for example a mechanical, a chemical or other etching technique that form cavities.
• the cavities are created on both surfaces of the conductor layers 1 18 and 205. In a variant, cavities are created on only one surface of the conductor layer 1 18 or 205.
• Fig. 3 represents the first and second parts of the power module that are assembled in order to form pipes according to the present invention.
• Both parts are pressed together in order to make close pipes 300a and 300g.
• the pressing can be made through direct contact between the two surfaces of the conductor layers 118 and 205 or using an additional adhesive layer.
• a FR4 sheet is used to attach and align both parts together. Note that a similar geometry to the pipes geometry has to be cut, for example by laser cutting, in the FR4 sheet in order to ensure an electrical contact between the two parts.
• Fig. 4 represents the first and second parts of the power module that are bonded together thanks to a metal plating of the walls of the pipes.
• the plating can be made though a single or multiple plating cycles.
• the two parts 100a and 100b are pressed together they are placed in an electro-less plating bath where the plating fluid flow inside the pipes and a copper layer is made on the entire inner surface of the pipes.
• the power module may be placed in an electroplating bath in order to increase the metal plating 400a and 400g thickness.
• the two parts are now bonded and an electrical and thermal connection is made between the two bonded surfaces.
• Fig. 5 represents the first and second parts of the power module that are bonded together and wherein a second passivation metal plating of the walls of the pipes is performed according to the present invention.
• the assembly is now placed in multiple chemical plating baths in order to make a plating of a thin layer of metal, such as nickel, to ensure a good adhesion a gold plating afterwards.
• the unclosed pipes can be used in order to conduct cooling fluid in order to cool down the structure.
• Fig. 6 represents an alogrithm for manufacturing a power module according to the present invention.
• cavities are created into the surface areas to be bonded in order to make a path for a plating fluid.
• the cavities can be made by any subtractive process like mechanical, chemical, electrical or other.
• suitable protrusions can be formed by selective additive processes, for example masked electrodeposition.
• the machining or etching can be made on a single surface of the first or the second parts of the power module or both surfaces.
• the first and second parts are assembled.
• the parts are pressed together and will create closed pipes with a single or multiple entrance for the plating fluid and a single or multiple exit for the fluid.
• a plating fluid is fed into the pipes or the assembly is placed in a plating bath where a metal deposition is made inside the pipes, with for example forced fluid circulation.
• the deposited metal creates a mechanical, electrical and thermal joint between the surfaces.
• the metal plating process can be controlled to vary the degree with which the pipes are closed.
• the deposition method can be any fluid-based metal deposition such as electroplating or electro-less.
• a combination between multiple plating methods and multiple metal plating types can also be made in order to improve the bonding electrical, mechanical, chemical or thermal properties.
• a dedicated seed-finishing such as nickel, zinc, titan or other can be applied to the areas before the plating process in order to improve the bond between both surfaces.
• the surfaces can be pressed together directly with no intermediate material, or an adhesive layer such organic or inorganic materials is disposed between the surfaces for a better alignment between the two structures.
• These adhesive materials can have or not metal filling in order to adapt the bonding properties.
• step S63 the thickness of the metal plating is controled.
• the thickness has to be comprised between few micrometers up to several hundreds of micrometers.
• step S64 If the thickness of the metal plating is comprised between few micrometers up to several hundreds of micrometers, the process moves to step S64, otherwise the step S62 is reiterated.
• a surface passivation is decided or not.
• a dedicated surface passivation such as gold or other, is performed inside the unfilled pipes in order to avoid the oxidation or corrosion of the pipe inner surfaces, for example by plating a thin layer of metal, such as nickel, to ensure a good adhesion and a gold plating afterwards.
• the pipes are filled with a material such as organic adhesive filled with metal or ceramic particles or other in order to improve the mechanical, electrical and/or thermal properties of the bond.
• the pipes are filled with two-phase materials in order to create heat pipes or increase the thermal capacity inside the unclosed pipes.
• Such heat pipes transport can be used to spread the heat or transport it outside the power module.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
• Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

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Citations (6)

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• 2017
  • 2017-05-29 EP EP17173262.1A patent/EP3410478A1/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2018
  • 2018-05-01 WO PCT/JP2018/018023 patent/WO2018221149A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2018-05-01 US US16/604,024 patent/US11121059B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2018-05-01 CN CN201880031155.8A patent/CN110663112A/zh not_active Withdrawn
  • 2018-05-01 JP JP2019539312A patent/JP6872291B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

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