WO2018218571A1 - 一种生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的检验方法 - Google Patents

一种生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的检验方法 Download PDF

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WO2018218571A1
WO2018218571A1 PCT/CN2017/086773 CN2017086773W WO2018218571A1 WO 2018218571 A1 WO2018218571 A1 WO 2018218571A1 CN 2017086773 W CN2017086773 W CN 2017086773W WO 2018218571 A1 WO2018218571 A1 WO 2018218571A1
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sample
slag
temperature
sampling
cool
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PCT/CN2017/086773
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French (fr)
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马莉
黄荣任
李勇
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深圳市能源环保有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/086773 priority Critical patent/WO2018218571A1/zh
Publication of WO2018218571A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018218571A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/12Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for testing domestic garbage incineration, in particular to a method for testing the thermal burning rate of domestic waste incinerator slag.
  • the thermal burning rate of waste incinerator slag is the most powerful basis for judging whether the incinerator is normal or not. It can reflect the mechanical unburned loss of waste incineration, calculate the completion status of waste incineration, and periodically measure the thermal burning rate to check the abnormality of the incinerator. And the degree of aging. In the domestic waste incineration treatment, the control of the thermal ignition rate of the incinerator slag is very important, and plays a vital role in realizing the resource reduction, reduction, volume reduction and harmlessness of the slag.
  • this method is based on the composition characteristics of domestic garbage and the characteristics of incinerator slag.
  • the sampling and sample preparation of domestic waste incinerator slag is based on reference to domestic and international standards and combined with experimental experience.
  • the parameters in the rate analysis are standardized and used in actual waste incineration power plants.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is a method for testing the thermal burning rate of the domestic waste incinerator slag, including the following steps:
  • preparation of equipment including:
  • Electric blast constant temperature drying oven the highest use temperature is 200 °C, temperature control accuracy is ⁇ 1 °C,
  • Muffle furnace the maximum operating temperature is 850 ° C
  • the desiccant is a color changing silica gel.
  • the second step sampling
  • the volume of the sample container should meet the requirements of the sample and have corrosion resistance and penetration resistance;
  • the third step making a large sample
  • the large slag sample is broken by the hammer until it is about 0.5mm, and finally about 100g is taken and placed in the disk.
  • the slag sample should be broken.
  • the crushing equipment should be used to effectively break the coarse material in the slag.
  • the coarse material that cannot be broken by the crusher should be manually broken or shredded and should not be discarded;
  • Step 4 Drying, including the following steps:
  • Step 5 Make a sample, including the following steps:
  • the crushed slag sample should be able to pass 100% through the screening equipment.
  • Step 7 Calculate the thermal decay rate of each sample according to the formula, and then take the average value.
  • a method for testing the thermal burning rate of a domestic waste incinerator slag includes the following steps:
  • preparation of equipment including:
  • Electric blast constant temperature drying oven the highest use temperature is 200 °C, temperature control accuracy is ⁇ 1 °C,
  • Muffle furnace the maximum operating temperature is 850 ° C
  • the desiccant is a color changing silica gel.
  • the second step sampling
  • the volume of the sample container should meet the requirements of the sample and have corrosion resistance and penetration resistance;
  • the third step making a large sample
  • the large slag sample is broken by the hammer until it is about 0.5mm, and finally about 100g is taken and placed in the disk.
  • the slag sample should be broken.
  • the crushing equipment should be used to effectively break the coarse material in the slag.
  • the coarse material that cannot be broken by the crusher should be manually broken or shredded and should not be discarded;
  • Step 4 Drying, including the following steps:
  • Step 5 Make a sample, including the following steps:
  • the crushed slag sample should be able to pass 100% through the screening equipment.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

针对我国生活垃圾的组成特点和焚烧炉渣的特性,对生活垃圾焚烧炉渣的采样、制样,在参考国内外有关标准并结合试验经验的基础上,对热灼减率分析测定中的各项参数进行规范,并运用在实际的垃圾焚烧发电厂中,提出一种生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的检验方法,包括以下步聚:第一步:仪器设备的准备,第二步:取样,第三步:制大样,第四步:干燥,第五步:制小样,第六步:煅烧,第七步:按公式计算出小样的热灼减率。

Description

一种生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的检验方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生活垃圾焚烧情况的检验方法,尤其是一种生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的检验方法。
背景支持
垃圾焚烧炉渣的热灼减率是判定焚烧炉正常与否最有力的依据,可反映垃圾焚烧的机械未燃烧损失,推算垃圾焚烧的完成状况,定期测定热灼减率还可以检验焚烧炉的异常和老化程度。在生活垃圾焚烧处理中,焚烧炉渣热灼减率的控制是非常重要的,在实现炉渣的资源化、减量化、减容化、无害化方面起至关重要的作用。
目前,国内有关生活垃圾焚烧炉渣的相关标准很少,还没有制定针对焚烧炉渣采样制样的标准或通则,生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的测定方法也没有行业标准。国外关于焚烧炉渣热灼减率测定的标准主要有日本的《焚烧试验法》、美国的《固体焚烧残渣热灼减量的标准测定方法》(D7348-08ε1)、英国的《市政焚烧炉渣集料热灼减率测定》(EN1744-7)。
由于各国在经济发展、技术水平和地域等方面存在差异,生活垃圾的组成和特性也存在一定的差异。因此,国外的相关方法和标准可以借鉴但不适合在我国等同采用。
发明内容
针对现实存在的问题,本方法针对我国生活垃圾的组成特点和焚烧炉渣的特性,对生活垃圾焚烧炉渣的采样、制样,在参考国内外有关标准并结合试验经验的基础上,对热灼减率分析测定中的各项参数进行规范,并运用在实际的垃圾焚烧发电厂中。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是,一种生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的检验方法,包括以下步聚:
第一步:仪器设备的准备,包括:
电热鼓风恒温干燥箱:最高使用用温度200℃,控温精度±1℃,
马弗炉:最高使用温度850℃,
天平:感量为0.0001g的分析天平(精密度万分之一),
坩埚:容积在100mL以上,
干燥器:干燥剂为变色硅胶,
坩埚钳、耐热石棉网等;
第二步:取样,
从渣带的四角随机抽取渣样5-10kg/台(每台炉分别抽样)领回化验室,为确保测定数据的准确性,在取样的过程中应注意以下几点:
1.取样应在炉渣输送过程中取样,
2.应获取炉渣输送设备全断面上的炉渣,
3.不应将所取样品中的粗大物丢弃,
4.盛样容器容积应满足份样的盛装并具有耐腐蚀、防渗透性能;
第三步:制大样,
按四分法缩分,在缩分的过程中用锤不断将大块渣样破碎直至0.5mm左右,最后取大样100g左右,置于磁盘中,在制大样过程中,渣样破碎应符合下列要求:
1.用破碎设备应使炉渣内粗大物得到有效破碎,
2.破碎机无法破碎的粗大物应进行人工破碎或剪碎,不应丢弃;
第四步:干燥,包括以下步骤:
1.将大样放入105℃±5烘箱中干燥2小时,
2.放入干燥器,冷却至室温(应防止吸潮);
第五步:制小样,包括以下步骤:
1.将冷却至室温的大样,用研钵研磨成细粉,
2.用200目筛子过筛,经破碎后的炉渣样品应能保证100%通过筛分设备,
3.将渣样混合均匀,采用四分法进行缩分,缩分后的样品分成两组,一组供检测用,另一组留样,
4.用万分之一精密天平称取质量为A=0.5000g细粉小样若干份,
第六步:煅烧,
1.将各份小样分别置于坩埚中并在600℃±25℃高温炉中灼烧3小时,
2.待温度降至300℃左右时,将坩埚放在石棉网上,盖上盖,在空气中冷却15min,
3.然后将坩埚放入干燥器,冷却至室温、分别称重获得各份小样热灼减后的质量数值B;
第七步:按公式分别计算出各份小样的热灼减率,然后取平均值,
P=(A-B)/A×100%
其中,
P:热灼减率(百分比)
A:干燥前炉渣质量g
B:热灼烧后的炉渣质量g
具体实施方式
一种生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的检验方法,包括以下步聚:
第一步:仪器设备的准备,包括:
电热鼓风恒温干燥箱:最高使用用温度200℃,控温精度±1℃,
马弗炉:最高使用温度850℃,
天平:感量为0.0001g的分析天平(精密度万分之一),
坩埚:容积在100mL以上,
干燥器:干燥剂为变色硅胶,
坩埚钳、耐热石棉网等;
第二步:取样,
从渣带的四角随机抽取渣样5-10kg/台(每台炉分别抽样)领回化验室,为确保测定数据的准确性,在取样的过程中应注意以下几点:
1.取样应在炉渣输送过程中取样,
2.应获取炉渣输送设备全断面上的炉渣,
3.不应将所取样品中的粗大物丢弃,
4.盛样容器容积应满足份样的盛装并具有耐腐蚀、防渗透性能;
第三步:制大样,
按四分法缩分,在缩分的过程中用锤不断将大块渣样破碎直至0.5mm左右,最后取大样100g左右,置于磁盘中,在制大样过程中,渣样破碎应符合下列要求:
1.用破碎设备应使炉渣内粗大物得到有效破碎,
2.破碎机无法破碎的粗大物应进行人工破碎或剪碎,不应丢弃;
第四步:干燥,包括以下步骤:
1.将大样放入105℃±5烘箱中干燥2小时,
2.放入干燥器,冷却至室温(应防止吸潮);
第五步:制小样,包括以下步骤:
1.将冷却至室温的大样,用研钵研磨成细粉,
2.用200目筛子过筛,经破碎后的炉渣样品应能保证100%通过筛分设备,
3.将渣样混合均匀,采用四分法进行缩分,缩分后的样品分成两组,一组供检测用,另一组留样,
4.用万分之一精密天平称取质量为:A1=0.5000g,A2=0.5000g,A3=0.5000g的细粉小样三份;
第六步:煅烧,
1.将各份小样分别置于坩埚中并在600℃±25℃高温炉中灼烧3小时,
2.待温度降至300℃左右时,将坩埚放在石棉网上,盖上盖,在空气中冷却15min,
3.然后将坩埚放入干燥器,冷却至室温、分别称重获得三份小样热灼减后的质量数值,分别为B1、B2、B3;
第七步:按公式:P=(A-B)/A×100%分别计算出三份小样的热灼减率,然后取平均值。
其中,
P:热灼减率(百分比)
A:干燥前炉渣质量g
B:热灼烧后的炉渣质量g

Claims (1)

  1. 一种生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的检验方法,包括以下步聚:
    第一步:仪器设备的准备
    包括:
    电热鼓风恒温干燥箱:最高使用用温度200℃,控温精度±1℃,
    马弗炉:最高使用温度850℃,
    天平:感量为0.0001g的分析天平(精密度万分之一),
    坩埚:容积在100mL以上,
    干燥器:干燥剂为变色硅胶,
    坩埚钳、耐热石棉网等;
    第二步:取样,
    从渣带的四角随机抽取渣样5-10kg/台(每台炉分别抽样)领回化验室,为确保测定数据的准确性,在取样的过程中应注意以下几点:
    1.取样应在炉渣输送过程中取样,
    2.应获取炉渣输送设备全断面上的炉渣,
    3.不应将所取样品中的粗大物丢弃,
    4.盛样容器容积应满足份样的盛装并具有耐腐蚀、防渗透性能;
    第三步:制大样,
    按四分法缩分,在缩分的过程中用锤不断将大块渣样破碎直至0.5mm左右,最后取大样100g左右,置于磁盘中,在制大样过程中,渣样破碎应符合下列要求:
    1.用破碎设备应使炉渣内粗大物得到有效破碎,
    2.破碎机无法破碎的粗大物应进行人工破碎或剪碎,不应丢弃;
    第四步:干燥,包括以下步骤:
    1.将大样放入105℃±5烘箱中干燥2小时,
    2.放入干燥器,冷却至室温(应防止吸潮);
    第五步:制小样,包括以下步骤:
    1.将冷却至室温的大样,用研钵研磨成细粉,
    2.用200目筛子过筛,经破碎后的炉渣样品应能保证100%通过筛分设备,
    3.将渣样混合均匀,采用四分法进行缩分,缩分后的样品分成两组,一组供检测用,另一组留样,
    4.用万分之一精密天平称取质量为A=0.5000g细粉小样若干份;
    第六步:煅烧,
    1.将各份小样分别置于坩埚中并在600℃±25℃高温炉中灼烧3小时,
    2.待温度降至300℃左右时,将坩埚放在石棉网上,盖上盖,在空气中冷却15min,
    3.然后将坩埚放入干燥器,冷却至室温、分别称重获得各份小样热灼减后的质量数值B;第七步:按公式分别计算出各份小样的热灼减率,然后取平均值,
    P=(A-B)/A×100%
    其中,
    P:热灼减率(百分比)
    A:干燥前炉渣质量g
    B:热灼烧后的炉渣质量g
PCT/CN2017/086773 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 一种生活垃圾焚烧炉渣热灼减率的检验方法 WO2018218571A1 (zh)

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