WO2018212093A1 - エンジンユニット - Google Patents
エンジンユニット Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018212093A1 WO2018212093A1 PCT/JP2018/018340 JP2018018340W WO2018212093A1 WO 2018212093 A1 WO2018212093 A1 WO 2018212093A1 JP 2018018340 W JP2018018340 W JP 2018018340W WO 2018212093 A1 WO2018212093 A1 WO 2018212093A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- crankshaft
- temperature
- fuel injection
- fuel
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
- F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/021—Engine temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/101—Engine speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/047—Taking into account fuel evaporation or wall wetting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/32—Controlling fuel injection of the low pressure type
- F02D41/34—Controlling fuel injection of the low pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02N19/004—Aiding engine start by using decompression means or variable valve actuation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02N19/005—Aiding engine start by starting from a predetermined position, e.g. pre-positioning or reverse rotation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
- F02N2200/023—Engine temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
- F02N2300/10—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control output, i.e. means or parameters used as a control output or target
- F02N2300/102—Control of the starter motor speed; Control of the engine speed during cranking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an engine unit that has a high load region and a low load region during four strokes and starts by cranking a crankshaft with a starter motor.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-343404 discloses an engine starter for starting an engine by rotating a crankshaft in a reverse direction and then stopping the crankshaft.
- the engine starter described in Patent Document 1 rotates the crankshaft reversely until the position where the load increases in the reverse rotation, that is, in the middle of the expansion stroke, by the motor after the rotation of the crankshaft of the engine stops. Thereafter, the engine starting device rotates the crankshaft forward by rotating the motor in the forward rotation direction from a position in the middle of the expansion stroke.
- the crankshaft is rotated from the middle of the expansion stroke to the compression stroke at the time of starting the engine by reversely rotating the crankshaft to a position where the load increases, i.e., to a position in the middle of the expansion stroke. Rotates in a low load area. Thereafter, the engine reaches the first high load region. Therefore, the rotational speed of the crankshaft can be increased before the engine reaches the first high load region. By utilizing both the large inertial force with high rotational speed and the output torque of the starter motor, the engine can get over the first high load region.
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. WO2015 / 093576 discloses that the crankshaft is rotated by a three-phase brushless motor when the crankshaft is rotating forward after the combustion operation of the 4-stroke engine main body is stopped. An engine unit that provides resistance to forward rotation is disclosed.
- the engine unit stops the crankshaft at the compression stroke position in the 4-stroke engine body. Then, in response to an input of a start instruction when the crankshaft is stopped, the crankshaft is rotated forward from the position of the stopped compression stroke by the three-phase brushless motor.
- crankshaft starts to rotate from a position where the four-stroke engine can be easily started even if the output torque of the motor is small. Can do.
- the crankshaft when the crankshaft starts rotating in response to an input of a start instruction, the rotational speed of the crankshaft gradually increases from a stopped state.
- the rotation speed of the crankshaft is low in the compression stroke.
- the crankshaft when the rotation speed of the crankshaft is low in the compression stroke, the crankshaft is not easily subjected to the compression reaction force caused by the gas in the combustion chamber. As a result, the crankshaft can quickly rotate over the load in the high load region of the compression stroke.
- the inventors of the present invention evaluated the startability of the engine in which a high load region and a low load region exist between four strokes as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above. As a result, the present inventors have found that the startability of the engine is reduced due to a large load fluctuation in a specific aspect.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a configuration in which startability can be improved in the engine in which a high load region and a low load region exist between four strokes.
- the present inventors evaluated the startability of an engine in which a high load region and a low load region exist between four strokes that have been proposed in the past.
- the inventors have studied that, in a certain aspect, the engine load fluctuates greatly, and therefore, by accelerating the rotational speed of the crankshaft in a low load region, conversely, the engine It has been found that the startability of is reduced.
- the rotational speed of the crankshaft is accelerated in the low load region even if the engine temperature is extremely low.
- the engine load increases further. Therefore, it is considered preferable to increase the inertial force by increasing the rotation speed of the crankshaft in a low load region.
- the total heat generation amount of the fuel that contributes to combustion is reduced, so that sufficient torque is not obtained due to combustion, and the engine may not be started.
- the same phenomenon may occur during the next combustion because the combustion interval is large.
- the torque can be increased as the rotational speed is lower.
- the inventors of the present invention have a high load region and a low load region in four strokes. It has been found that the energy of the first combustion can be sufficiently increased even if the acceleration of the rotational speed of the crankshaft is suppressed in the low load region between the shaft rotating from the stopped state and the first combustion.
- acceleration of the rotational speed of the crankshaft can be accelerated in a low load range until the first combustion after the crankshaft is rotated from the stopped state. The same startability can be ensured.
- An engine unit includes: A combustion chamber provided with an intake port and an exhaust port, an intake valve that opens and closes the intake port, an exhaust valve that opens and closes the exhaust port, and air in the atmosphere connected to the intake port and through the intake port
- An intake passage that leads the fuel into the combustion chamber, an exhaust passage connected to the exhaust port, a fuel injection device that injects fuel into the intake passage, and an ignition that ignites an air-fuel mixture containing fuel and air in the combustion chamber
- a four-stroke engine having a high load region having a large load and a low load region in which a load for rotating the crankshaft is smaller than a load in the high load region.
- a permanent magnet type starter motor having a permanent magnet and rotating the crankshaft;
- a control device for controlling the permanent magnet starter motor, the fuel injection device and the ignition device;
- An engine temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the four-stroke engine body;
- a crank angle detector that detects a crank angle that is a position of a rotation angle of the crankshaft,
- the control device includes: By driving the permanent magnet starter motor, the crankshaft is rotated from a stopped state, By controlling the fuel injection device while the crank angle of the crankshaft is in the low load region, fuel is injected into the intake passage, Detected by the engine temperature detection unit when the crankshaft crank angle is between the low load region and when the fuel injection device injects fuel into the intake passage and closes the intake valve.
- the rotational speed of the permanent magnet starter motor is controlled so as to suppress an increase in the rotational speed of the crankshaft
- the four-stroke engine body is started by igniting the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber using the ignition device while the crank angle of the crankshaft is in the high load region.
- the rotational speed of the crankshaft can be suppressed by controlling the rotational speed of the permanent magnet starter motor in accordance with the temperature of the engine unit. Therefore, it is possible to increase the fuel injection time and secure the fuel evaporation time according to the engine temperature. Moreover, since the permanent magnet type starter motor has a large torque at the time of low rotation, sufficient energy for starting the engine can be secured. Therefore, the startability of the engine can be improved by the above-described configuration.
- the engine unit of the present invention preferably includes the following configuration.
- the control device is configured such that the rotation speed of the crankshaft when the temperature of the four-stroke engine body detected by the engine temperature detection unit is the first temperature is the engine temperature.
- the rotational speed of the permanent magnet starter motor is set to be lower than the rotational speed of the crankshaft when the temperature of the four-stroke engine body detected by the detection unit is the second temperature higher than the first temperature.
- the engine unit of the present invention preferably includes the following configuration.
- the fuel injection device injects fuel toward the intake valve.
- the fuel supply efficiency can be improved by injecting the fuel to a place close to the intake port in this way.
- the engine unit of the present invention preferably includes the following configuration.
- the control device determines a rotation speed of the crankshaft according to a fuel injection time determined based on the temperature of the four-stroke engine body detected by the engine temperature detection unit.
- the engine unit of the present invention preferably includes the following configuration.
- the engine temperature detector is a sensor that detects the temperature of the coolant in the four-stroke engine body or the temperature of oil in the oil passage.
- the engine unit of the present invention preferably includes the following configuration.
- the control device causes the fuel injection device to inject fuel until a predetermined time during which fuel necessary for starting the engine can be supplied is exceeded within the fuel injection time.
- the engine unit of the present invention preferably includes the following configuration.
- the control device controls the rotation speed of the motor such that the lower the temperature of the four-stroke engine body detected by the engine temperature detection unit, the lower the rotation speed of the crankshaft during the fuel injection time. .
- the engine unit of the present invention preferably includes the following configuration.
- the four-stroke engine main body further includes a pressure reducing mechanism that temporarily opens the exhaust valve to discharge the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber while the crank angle of the crankshaft is in the high load region.
- a pressure reducing mechanism that temporarily opens the exhaust valve to discharge the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber while the crank angle of the crankshaft is in the high load region.
- attachment In this specification, “attached”, “connected”, “coupled” and / or their equivalents are used in a broad sense, and are “direct and indirect” attachments, Includes both connections and couplings. Further, “connected” and “coupled” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings, and can include direct or indirect connections or couplings.
- cranking refers to rotating the crankshaft by applying an external force from the outside of the engine regardless of combustion in the cylinder of the engine.
- cranking means that the crankshaft is rotated using an engine starting motor when the engine is started.
- the cranking includes applying an external force to the crankshaft when combustion occurs in the cylinder of the engine.
- the high load region of the engine means a region where a large torque is required for compressing the in-cylinder gas in the compression stroke in the engine operation region.
- the high load region of the engine includes a compression stroke.
- the low load region of the engine means a region where the in-cylinder gas is not compressed in the engine operation region.
- the temperature of the four-stroke engine body means a temperature detected by an engine temperature detection unit that detects a temperature in the combustion chamber of the engine or a temperature related to the temperature in the combustion chamber.
- the temperature related to the temperature in the combustion chamber means the temperature of the coolant, the cylinder and crankcase body of the 4-stroke engine body, the fuel temperature, the injector temperature, the intake port temperature, etc., which change according to the temperature of the combustion chamber. .
- the temperature of oil in the oil passage may be used.
- the engine unit according to the embodiment of the present invention can improve the startability of the engine.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an engine unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the crank angle at the time of engine start and the necessary torque necessary for cranking.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the rotational speed control of the permanent magnet starter motor by the ECU when the engine unit of FIG. 1 is started.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the engine speed and the crank angle when the engine unit of FIG. 1 is started.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of the movement of the crankshaft when the engine unit shown in FIG. 1 is started.
- FIG. 6 is a graph schematically showing the relationship between the opening amount of the exhaust valve of the engine unit shown in FIG. 1 and the crank angle.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an engine unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the crank angle at the time of engine start and the necessary torque necessary for cranking
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the engine rotation speed when the engine temperature of the engine unit of FIG. 1 is high and when the engine temperature is low.
- FIG. FIG. 8A is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the engine temperature and the rotational speed of the crankshaft when the engine is started.
- FIG. 8B is a graph showing another example of the relationship between the engine temperature and the rotational speed of the crankshaft when the engine is started.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the engine unit, an example of a relationship between the engine temperature and the rotational speed of the crankshaft at the time of starting the engine, and a relationship between the crank angle and the required torque at the time of starting the engine.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the engine unit of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing an example in which the fuel injection positions are different in the relationship between the engine temperature and the rotation speed of the crankshaft when the engine is started.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the engine unit 100.
- the engine unit 100 has a single-cylinder four-stroke engine main body 10 (hereinafter simply referred to as the engine 10) will be described.
- each component of the engine unit 100 is shown in a simplified manner.
- the engine unit 100 according to the present embodiment is an engine unit having a four-stroke engine 10 that includes an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke, and an exhaust stroke in one cycle.
- the engine unit 100 includes an engine 10, an air cleaner 12, an intake pipe 14a, an intake pipe 14b, an exhaust pipe 16, a throttle device 20, a throttle position sensor (hereinafter referred to as TPS) 22, and a pressure sensor. 24, a crank angle sensor 26 (crank angle detection unit), an engine temperature sensor 28 (engine temperature detection unit), a permanent magnet starter motor 30 and an engine control device (control device, hereinafter referred to as ECU) 32, an inverter 62.
- the battery 64 and the start switch 66 are provided.
- the air cleaner 12 inhales air in the atmosphere (air outside the vehicle on which the engine 10 is mounted) and purifies the inhaled air.
- One end of the intake pipe 14 a is connected to the air cleaner 12.
- the other end of the intake pipe 14a is connected to a throttle body 20c described later of the throttle device 20.
- One end of the intake pipe 14 b is connected to the throttle body 20 c of the throttle device 20.
- the other end of the intake pipe 14b is connected to a passage 34a formed in a cylinder head 34 described later.
- One end of the exhaust pipe 16 is connected to a passage 34b formed in a cylinder head 34 described later.
- the intake passage 33a is formed by the space in the intake pipe 14a, the space in the throttle body 20c, the space in the intake pipe 14b, and the passage 34a.
- the exhaust passage 33b is formed by the space in the passage 34b and the exhaust pipe 16, for example.
- the intake passage 33a guides air in the atmosphere purified by the air cleaner 12 into a combustion chamber 36 described later of the engine 10 through an intake port 35a described later.
- the exhaust passage 33b discharges the gas in the combustion chamber 36 to the atmosphere (outside the vehicle) through an exhaust port 35b described later.
- the configuration of the intake passage 33a is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 1, and any configuration that can guide air in the atmosphere into the combustion chamber 36 described later may be used.
- the configuration of the exhaust passage 33b is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 1, and any configuration that can discharge the gas in the combustion chamber 36 to the atmosphere may be used.
- upstream and downstream mean “upstream” and “downstream” based on the flow direction of air flowing from the air cleaner 12 through the intake passage 33a and the engine 10 to the exhaust passage 33b. To do.
- the throttle device 20 includes a throttle valve 20a, a drive device 20b that drives the throttle valve 20a, and a throttle body 20c.
- the throttle valve 20a and the drive device 20b are provided on the throttle body 20c.
- an electric motor can be used as the driving device 20b.
- the throttle valve 20a is driven by the driving device 20b to adjust the opening area of the intake passage 33a. That is, in the present embodiment, the throttle valve 20a is an adjustment valve that adjusts the opening area of the intake passage 33a.
- the drive device 20b is controlled by the ECU 32 as will be described later.
- the TPS 22 detects the position of the throttle valve 20a as the throttle opening.
- the TPS 22 outputs a signal indicating the detected throttle opening to the ECU 32.
- the pressure sensor 24 detects the pressure (intake pressure) in the portion downstream of the throttle valve 20a in the intake passage 33a. That is, the pressure sensor 24 detects the pressure in the portion between the throttle valve 20a and the combustion chamber 36 described later in the intake passage 33a.
- the intake pressure means the pressure in the portion between the throttle valve 20a and the combustion chamber 36 in the intake passage 33a.
- the pressure sensor 24 outputs a signal related to the detected pressure to the ECU 32.
- the pressure sensor 24 is a pressure detection unit.
- the crank angle sensor 26 detects a rotational position (hereinafter referred to as a crank angle) of the crankshaft 46 described later of the engine 10.
- the crank angle sensor 26 outputs a signal (crank pulse signal) indicating the detected crank angle to the ECU 32.
- the ECU 32 ignites the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 36 by a spark plug 56 described later of the engine 10 based on a signal output from the crank angle sensor 26.
- the ECU 32 performs operation control when starting the engine. Specifically, the ECU 32 includes a rotation speed calculation unit 70, a crank angle determination unit 71, a fuel injection time determination unit 72, a motor control unit 73, a fuel injection control unit 74, an ignition control unit 75, and a memory 76.
- the rotational speed calculation unit 70 calculates the rotational speed of the engine 10, that is, the rotational speed of the crankshaft 46, based on the crank pulse signal output from the crank angle sensor 26.
- the rotation speed of the crankshaft 46 calculated by the rotation speed calculation unit 70 is input to the motor control unit 73 and used for feedback control of the permanent magnet starter motor 30.
- the crank angle determination unit 71 determines whether or not the crank angle obtained based on the crank pulse signal output from the crank angle sensor 26 is larger than a predetermined angle, and the crank angle is a specified angle at which fuel injection is started. To determine if it is greater than.
- the determination result by the crank angle determination unit 71 is input to the motor control unit 73 and used for driving control of the permanent magnet starter motor 30.
- the determination result by the crank angle determination unit 71 is input to the fuel injection control unit 74 and used for driving control of the fuel injection device 54 described later of the engine 10.
- the predetermined angle is an angle smaller than the specified angle.
- the fuel injection time determination unit 72 obtains the fuel injection time corresponding to the engine temperature from the injection time data stored in advance in the memory 76 based on the engine temperature information output from the engine temperature sensor 28. Further, the fuel injection time determination unit 72 calculates an integrated fuel injection time (integrated fuel injection time) while injecting fuel from the fuel injection device 54, and the calculated integrated fuel injection time is a predetermined value. It is determined whether it is longer than (predetermined time).
- the engine temperature sensor 28 is a sensor that measures the temperature of the coolant of the engine 10 as an example.
- the engine temperature sensor 28 may directly measure the temperature in the combustion chamber 36, or may measure the temperature of the cylinder 40, the crankcase 44, and the like of the engine 10. That is, the engine temperature sensor 28 may be provided at any position as long as the temperature related to the combustion chamber 36 of the engine 10 can be measured.
- the motor control unit 73 is a permanent magnet starter motor based on the rotation speed of the crankshaft 46 output from the rotation speed calculation unit 70 and the determination result output from the crank angle determination unit 71 when the engine is started. 30 drive is controlled. Specifically, the motor control unit 73 controls the rotation speed of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 according to the determination result output from the crank angle determination unit 71, and controls the rotation speed of the crankshaft 46. And using the permanent magnet starter motor 30 for feedback control.
- the fuel injection control unit 74 causes the fuel injection device 54 to inject fuel when the crank angle determination unit 71 determines that the crank angle is larger than a specified angle at which fuel injection is started. On the other hand, the fuel injection control unit 74 stops the fuel injection by the fuel injection device 54 when the fuel injection time determination unit 72 determines that the accumulated fuel injection time is longer than the predetermined value.
- the ignition control unit 75 causes the ignition plug 56 to ignite when the crank angle obtained based on the crank pulse signal output from the crank angle sensor 26 reaches the ignition timing of the ignition plug 56.
- the permanent magnet starter motor 30 is a motor that starts the engine 10 by cranking the crankshaft 46.
- the permanent magnet type starter motor 30 is a DC brushless motor.
- the permanent magnet starter motor 30 is characterized in that the torque is higher as the rotational speed is lower.
- the DC brushless motor may be a DC brushless motor that detects an electrical angle using a hall sensor, or a DC brushless motor that detects a mechanical angle using a crank pulse.
- the output shaft of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 is connected to the crankshaft 46 of the engine 10 so as to rotate the crankshaft 46.
- the output shaft of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 is connected to the crankshaft 46 without a power transmission mechanism (for example, a belt, a chain, a gear, a speed reducer, a speed increaser, etc.).
- the permanent magnet starter motor 30 only needs to be connected to the crankshaft 46 of the engine 10 so that the crankshaft 46 can rotate forward. Therefore, the permanent magnet starter motor 30 may be connected to the crankshaft 46 via a power transmission mechanism.
- the rotation axis of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 and the rotation axis of the crankshaft 46 are preferably substantially coincident.
- the inverter 62 controls the rotational speed of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 by controlling the current supplied from the battery 64 to the permanent magnet starter motor 30.
- the inverter 62 is controlled by the motor control unit 73 of the ECU 32.
- the battery 64 supplies power to the permanent magnet starter motor 30 via the inverter 62.
- the start switch 66 outputs an ON signal in response to a driver's operation when the engine 10 is started or when an engine start condition is satisfied in an idle stop system described later.
- an ON signal is output from the start switch 66, the ECU 32 starts rotation speed control of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 in order to start the engine 10.
- the engine 10 includes a cylinder head 34, a cylinder 40, a piston 42, a crankcase 44, a crankshaft 46, a connecting rod 48, an intake valve 50, an exhaust valve 52, a fuel injection device 54, and a spark plug 56 (ignition device).
- the piston 42 can reciprocate in the cylinder 40.
- the crankshaft 46 can rotate in the crankcase 44.
- the piston 42 and the crankshaft 46 are connected by the connecting rod 48.
- the reciprocating motion of the piston 42 is transmitted to the crankshaft 46 through the connecting rod 48.
- the crankshaft 46 rotates.
- a combustion chamber 36 is formed by the cylinder head 34, the cylinder 40 and the piston 42.
- the combustion chamber 36 is provided with an intake port 35a and an exhaust port 35b.
- the cylinder head 34 has a passage 34a connected to the intake port 35a and a passage 34b connected to the exhaust port 35b.
- the intake pipe 14b and the combustion chamber 36 are connected by the passage 34a.
- the combustion chamber 36 and the exhaust pipe 16 are connected by a passage 34b.
- the intake valve 50 opens and closes the intake port 35a.
- the exhaust valve 52 opens and closes the exhaust port 35b.
- the intake valve 50 is driven by a known valve operating mechanism (not shown).
- the exhaust valve 52 is driven by a valve operating mechanism (not shown).
- the intake valve 50 is opened before the exhaust valve 52 is closed, and is closed before the exhaust valve 52 is opened.
- the intake stroke is started before the exhaust stroke ends.
- the intake valve 50 is in an open state with a crank angle of, for example, 344 to 576 degrees.
- the crank angle when the intake valve 50 is open is not limited to the above, and may be open at a minimum of 360 to 540 degrees and at a maximum of 326 to 610 degrees.
- the exhaust valve 52 is open at least during the exhaust stroke. Specifically, the exhaust valve 52 is in an open state with a crank angle of, for example, 64 degrees to 378 degrees.
- the crank angle when the exhaust valve 52 is open is not limited to the above, and it may be open at a minimum between 180 degrees and 360 degrees and at a maximum between 70 degrees and 390 degrees.
- the fuel injection device 54 injects fuel into the intake passage 33a.
- the fuel injection device 54 injects fuel toward the intake valve 50.
- the fuel supplied into the intake passage 33a is sent to the combustion chamber 36 as air-fuel mixture together with air.
- the spark plug 56 ignites the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 36.
- the fuel injection device 54 and the spark plug 56 perform fuel injection and ignition at appropriate timing according to each stroke in one cycle of the engine 10 under the control of the ECU 32.
- a pressure reducing mechanism 58 is provided in the vicinity of a camshaft (not shown) that drives the exhaust valve 52.
- the decompression mechanism 58 reduces an increase in the resistance of rotation of the crankshaft 46 due to the compression of air in the cylinder in the compression process of the engine. That is, the pressure reducing mechanism 58 is a mechanism that opens the exhaust valve 52 at a predetermined timing in order to reduce the pressure in the cylinder in the compression process at the time of starting the engine.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the crank angle at the time of engine start and the necessary torque necessary for cranking.
- the engine 10 of the engine unit 100 has a high load region TH in which a load for rotating the crankshaft 46 is large during four strokes, and a load in which the crankshaft 46 is rotated is smaller than a load in the high load region TH. And a low load region TL.
- the low load region TL is equal to or wider than the high load region TH. More specifically, the low load region TL is wider than the high load region TH. In other words, the rotation angle region corresponding to the low load region TL is wider than the rotation angle region corresponding to the high load region TH.
- the engine 10 repeats four strokes of an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke, and an exhaust stroke.
- the compression stroke is included in the high load region TH, but is not included in the low load region TL.
- the high load region TH is a region that substantially overlaps the compression stroke
- the low load region TL is a region that substantially overlaps the intake stroke, the expansion stroke, and the exhaust stroke.
- each boundary between the high load region TH and the low load region TL does not need to coincide with the boundary of each stroke.
- the decompression mechanism 58 operates to open the exhaust valve 52 when the crank angle is approximately 630 degrees.
- the period during which the exhaust valve 52 is opened by the decompression mechanism 58 is a period during which the compression stroke is short.
- the timing at which the exhaust valve 52 is opened by the pressure reducing mechanism 58 is immediately before the intake valve 50 is closed or after the intake valve 50 is closed.
- the timing at which the exhaust valve 52 is opened by the pressure reducing mechanism 58 can be adjusted within the compression stroke, as shown in FIG.
- the valve lift amount of the exhaust valve 52 during the operation period of the pressure reducing mechanism 58 is smaller than the valve lift amount of the intake valve 50.
- the valve lift is the distance that the valve has moved away from the valve seat in the axial direction.
- cranking by the starter motor 30 is performed when the engine 10 is started.
- the starting of the engine 10 includes a case where the engine 10 is started from a state where the engine temperature is lower than a temperature during operation of the engine 10 and a restart from the engine stop state in the idle stop system. Since the idle stop system has the same configuration as the conventional one, detailed description and illustration regarding the idle stop system are omitted.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the rotational speed control of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 by the ECU 32 when the engine unit 100 is started.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the engine speed and the crank angle when the engine unit 100 is started.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the movement of the crankshaft 46 when the engine unit 100 is started.
- step S1 when the start switch 66 is turned on and the activation request flag is set (step S1), the ECU 32 causes the motor control unit 73 to rotate the permanent magnet starter motor 30.
- the engine 10 stops combustion in response to a combustion stop instruction from the ECU 32.
- the crankshaft 46 is rotated by inertial force after the combustion in the engine 10 is stopped.
- the crankshaft 46 rotates in the reverse direction due to the compression reaction force and stops. Therefore, the stop position of the crankshaft 46 is often stopped at the crank angle P0 of the intake stroke, which is the stroke before the compression stroke, as shown in FIG.
- the ECU 32 obtains information on the crank angle and the rotational speed of the engine 10 based on the signal output from the crank angle sensor 26.
- the motor control unit 73 of the ECU 32 rotates the permanent magnet starter motor 30 in the reverse direction as indicated by broken lines in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- the reverse rotation of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 is continued until the crank angle reaches the specified position P1 in the expansion stroke.
- the crank angle determination unit 71 of the ECU 32 determines whether or not the crank angle of the crankshaft 46 is larger than a predetermined angle (step S2).
- the predetermined angle is an angle smaller than a crank angle (specified angle) at which fuel is injected.
- step S2 When the crank angle of the crankshaft 46 is larger than the predetermined angle (in the case of YES in step S2), the motor control unit 73 of the ECU 32 causes the rotational speed of the crankshaft 46 to be the target rotational speed A.
- the permanent magnet starter motor 30 is driven and controlled (step S3). Control of the rotational speed of the permanent magnet type starter motor 30 may be torque control using a duty ratio, or may be speed control for detecting the rotational speed of the permanent magnet type starter motor 30 and performing feedback control.
- the target rotational speed A has a speed that can secure a fuel injection time derived from the engine temperature measured by the engine temperature sensor 28 as will be described later, and a speed that can overcome the maximum load in the high load region TH. Is the lower limit.
- the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber 36 may not be an appropriate value.
- the target rotational speed A of the crankshaft 46 is determined within the above upper and lower limits in consideration of the phenomenon as described above.
- the target rotational speed A is obtained based on the temperature of the engine 10 as will be described later.
- crank angle determination unit 71 When the crank angle of the crankshaft 46 is equal to or smaller than the predetermined angle (in the case of NO in step S2), the crank angle determination unit 71 performs step S2 until the crank angle of the crankshaft 46 becomes larger than the predetermined angle. Repeat the determination.
- the crank angle determination unit 71 determines whether or not the crank angle of the crankshaft 46 is larger than a prescribed angle for starting fuel injection. (Step S4). If the crank angle of the crankshaft 46 is larger than the prescribed angle for starting fuel injection (YES in step S4), the fuel injection control unit 74 of the ECU 32 injects fuel from the fuel injection device 54 (step S5). . On the other hand, if the crank angle of the crankshaft 46 is equal to or smaller than the prescribed angle for starting fuel injection (NO in step S4), the crank angle of the crankshaft 46 is larger than the prescribed angle for starting fuel injection. The determination in step S4 is repeated.
- the prescribed angle for starting fuel injection by the fuel injection device 54 is, for example, 300 °.
- the specified angle for starting the fuel injection may be other than 300 °.
- the fuel injection time is determined by the fuel injection time determination unit 72 based on injection time data determined in advance with reference to the engine temperature.
- the injection time data is stored in the memory 76 of the ECU 32. It is necessary to end the fuel injection at the longest from the start of fuel injection until the intake valve 50 is closed (within the period of FI shown in FIG. 4).
- the fuel injection time determination unit 72 of the ECU 32 determines whether the integrated fuel injection time, which is the integrated time of fuel injection, is longer than a predetermined value (predetermined time) of the fuel injection time. It is determined whether or not (step S6). If it is determined that the accumulated fuel injection time is longer than the predetermined value (YES in step S6), the fuel injection by the fuel injection device 54 is stopped (step S7). Thereafter, the rotational speed control in which the target rotational speed is set to A in step S3 is canceled (step S8), and the rotational speed control flow at the time of engine start is ended (end).
- the predetermined value is determined according to the engine temperature using the injection time data.
- step S6 when it is determined that the accumulated fuel injection time is equal to or less than the predetermined value (NO in step S6), the fuel by the fuel injection device 54 is kept until the accumulated fuel injection time becomes larger than the predetermined value. Continue jetting.
- the crank angle at the time of ignition of the spark plug 56 is 715 degrees, but is not limited to this.
- Rotational force is applied to the crankshaft 46 by the above-mentioned initial combustion, and the engine 10 is continuously started by cranking by performing four strokes continuously in the engine 10.
- the fuel injection time determination unit 72 of the ECU 32 refers to the injection time data stored in the memory 76 of the ECU 32 in advance based on the temperature of the engine 10 measured by the engine temperature sensor 28. The fuel injection time for the first combustion at the start of is determined.
- the injection time data is, for example, a table in which engine temperature and fuel injection time are associated with each other.
- the injection time data is set so that the fuel injection time becomes longer as the engine temperature is lower.
- the injection time may be calculated so as to increase according to a predetermined relational expression as the temperature decreases, or the injection time is constant within a predetermined range, and decreases when the engine temperature increases beyond the range. It may be set to be.
- An example of the injection time is indicated by a solid arrow in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the injection time when the engine temperature is ⁇ 5 ° C. is longer than the injection time when the engine temperature is 80 ° C. In FIG. 2, only the first stroke is described for the injection time, and subsequent strokes are omitted.
- the injection time data varies depending on the position where the fuel injection device 54 injects the fuel, the injection direction, the size of the fuel droplets to be injected, and the like. As described above, even when the engine 10 is at a low temperature, the injected fuel is sufficiently evaporated to obtain an appropriate air-fuel ratio at the time of ignition. Accordingly, the injection time data is set so that the fuel injection time becomes longer when the engine temperature is low. In general, the injection time is shorter when the droplet size of the injected fuel is smaller and the spray spread angle is larger.
- Fuel injection by the fuel injection device 54 is started at a predetermined crank angle (for example, 300 degrees), and is completed until the intake valve 50 is closed in the intake stroke of the engine 10. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the rotational speed of the crankshaft 46 so that the fuel injection is completed before the intake valve 50 is opened.
- the fuel injection start timing is fixed at a crank angle of 300 degrees regardless of the engine temperature.
- the target rotational speed A of the crankshaft 46 is set lower as the injection time becomes longer.
- the fuel injection time needs to be longer as the engine temperature is lower. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the target rotational speed A ′ when the engine temperature is low is the target rotational speed when the engine temperature is high. It becomes lower than the speed A.
- FIG. 8A shows an example of the relationship between the engine temperature and the rotational speed of the crankshaft 46 at the time of engine start.
- the target rotational speed A of the crankshaft 46 decreases as the temperature of the engine 10 decreases.
- the temperature of the engine 10 at two arbitrary points in the graph referred to as a first temperature and a second temperature, respectively
- the ECU 32 controls the rotation speed of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 so that the rotation speed is lower than the rotation speed at the second temperature higher than the first temperature.
- the rotational speed of the crankshaft 46 does not continuously change according to the temperature of the engine 10 as described above, but is constant until the temperature of the engine 10 reaches a predetermined temperature as shown in FIG. 8B.
- the rotation speed can be controlled to be lowered.
- the fuel injection may be completed between the start of fuel injection and the closing of the intake valve 50 (fuel injection time FI). Therefore, the fuel injection time of the injection time data may be shorter than the fuel injection time FI.
- the target rotational speed of the crankshaft 46 when the target rotational speed of the crankshaft 46 is increased according to the fuel injection time, the power consumption of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 is increased, so that the power consumption of the battery 64 is increased.
- the target rotational speed A of the crankshaft 46 may be reduced to a rotational speed at which a necessary fuel injection time can be secured according to the engine temperature. Thereby, the power consumption of the permanent magnet starter motor 30 can be suppressed, and the increase in the power consumption of the battery 64 can be suppressed.
- the permanent magnet starter motor 30 that can obtain higher output torque as the rotational speed is lower is used as the starter motor. Further, in the engine 10 in which the high load region TH and the low load region TL exist during the four strokes, as shown in FIG. 5, the low load region until the first combustion after the crankshaft 46 rotates from the stopped state. At TL, the target rotational speed A of the crankshaft 46 is set according to the engine temperature. Thereby, the time for the fuel supplied into the intake passage 33a to be vaporized can be secured. Therefore, the energy by the first combustion can be sufficiently increased, and the startability of the engine 10 can be improved.
- the pressure in the combustion chamber 36 can be reduced by operating the pressure reducing mechanism 58 during the compression stroke at the time of starting the engine.
- the pressure reducing mechanism 58 in the compression step, there is a possibility that sufficient energy cannot be obtained by the first combustion at the time of starting the engine, and the rotational speed of the crankshaft 46 cannot be increased.
- the target rotational speed A of the crankshaft 46 depends on the engine temperature in the low load region TL until the first combustion after the crankshaft 46 rotates from the stopped state.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the engine unit 101 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the ECU 80 sets the rotational speed of the crankshaft 46 according to the temperature of the engine 10 using rotational speed data as map data between the engine temperature and the target rotational speed A. This is different from the engine unit 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the ECU 80 includes a rotation speed calculation unit 70, a crank angle determination unit 71, a motor control unit 73, a fuel injection control unit 74, an ignition control unit 75, a memory 76, and a rotation speed determination unit 81.
- the memory 76 is a map in which the temperature of the engine 10 and the target rotational speed A of the crankshaft 46 at the time of starting the engine are associated with each other in advance. Rotational speed data as data is stored.
- the rotational speed determination unit 81 uses the rotational speed data stored in the memory 76 to determine the target rotational speed A of the crankshaft 46 at the time of engine start according to the engine temperature measured by the engine temperature sensor 28. To do.
- the motor control unit 73 controls the inverter 62 using the target rotation speed A determined by the rotation speed determination unit 81, so that the crankshaft 46 becomes the target rotation speed A, so that a permanent magnet type starter motor is used. 30 is driven.
- the fuel injection control unit 74 uses the rotational speed data stored in the memory 76 to determine the fuel injection time according to the engine temperature measured by the engine temperature sensor 28.
- the method for determining the fuel injection time is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the fuel injection time may be determined according to the rotational speed of the crankshaft 46.
- the engine unit using a single-cylinder four-stroke engine has been described, but the engine may be a parallel two-cylinder or a V-type two-cylinder four-stroke engine.
- crankshaft 46 is reversely rotated at the time of starting the engine.
- present invention is not limited to this, and the crankshaft 46 may be rotated forward without being reversely rotated at the time of starting the engine.
- the permanent magnet starter motor 30 used in each of the above embodiments may be a motor having a brush or a brushless motor.
- the starter motor may be a starter motor generator having a function of a generator.
- the fuel injection device 54 injects fuel toward the intake valve 50.
- the fuel injection device 54 may inject fuel to other positions in the intake passage 33a.
- the fuel injection device 54 may inject the fuel upstream of the intake valve 50 and toward the inner surface of the wall constituting the intake passage 33a.
- the injection time data can be set so that the injection time becomes longer than that when fuel is injected toward the intake valve 50. That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the target rotational speed A of the crankshaft 46 in the case of injecting toward the inner surface of the wall constituting the intake passage 33a is the case where fuel is injected toward the intake valve 50. Low compared.
- the configuration in which the engine units 100 and 101 are applied to a motorcycle has been described.
- the engine units 100 and 101 may be applied to other vehicles such as a tricycle or a four-wheel vehicle.
- the temperature of the engine coolant is measured as the temperature of the engine 10.
- the temperature of the oil in the oil passage through which lubricating oil flows is used as the temperature of the engine. May be measured.
- the engine 10 uses the TPS 22, but an accelerator position sensor may be used instead of the TPS 22.
- the engine unit 100 includes the decompression mechanism 58.
- the engine unit 101 of the second embodiment may also include a pressure reducing mechanism.
- the engine unit 100 may not have a pressure reducing mechanism.
Abstract
Description
(1) 本発明の一実施形態に係るエンジンユニットは、
吸気ポート及び排気ポートが設けられた燃焼室と、前記吸気ポートを開閉する吸気弁と、前記排気ポートを開閉する排気弁と、前記吸気ポートに接続され且つ前記吸気ポートを介して大気中の空気を前記燃焼室内に導く吸気通路と、前記排気ポートに接続される排気通路と、前記吸気通路内に燃料を噴射する燃料噴射装置と、前記燃焼室内の燃料及び空気を含む混合気に点火する点火装置と、前記燃焼室内を往復移動するピストンと、前記ピストンの往復移動に応じて回転するように、前記ピストンに接続されたクランクシャフトとを備え、4ストロークの間に前記クランクシャフトを回転する負荷が大きい高負荷領域と、前記クランクシャフトを回転する負荷が前記高負荷領域の負荷よりも小さい低負荷領域と、を有する4ストロークエンジン本体と、
永久磁石を有し前記クランクシャフトを回転させる永久磁石式スタータモータと、
前記永久磁石式スタータモータ、前記燃料噴射装置及び前記点火装置を制御する制御装置と、
前記4ストロークエンジン本体の温度を検出するエンジン温度検出部と、
前記クランクシャフトの回転角度の位置であるクランク角を検出するクランク角検出部と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記永久磁石式スタータモータを駆動させることによって、前記クランクシャフトを停止状態から回転させ、
前記クランクシャフトのクランク角が前記低負荷領域の間に、前記燃料噴射装置を制御することによって、前記吸気通路内に燃料を噴射し、
前記クランクシャフトのクランク角が前記低負荷領域の間で、かつ、前記燃料噴射装置が前記吸気通路内に燃料を噴射してから前記吸気弁が閉じるまでの間に、前記エンジン温度検出部により検出された前記4ストロークエンジン本体の温度に基づいて、前記クランクシャフトの回転速度の増加を抑制するように前記永久磁石式スタータモータの回転速度を制御し、
前記クランクシャフトのクランク角が前記高負荷領域の間に、前記点火装置を用いて前記燃焼室内の混合気に点火することによって、前記4ストロークエンジン本体を始動する。
本明細書において、クランキングとは、エンジンの気筒内での燃焼によらず、エンジンの外から外力を与えて前記クランクシャフトを回転させることをいう。特に、クランキングとは、エンジンの始動時にエンジン始動用のモータを用いてクランクシャフトを回転させることを意味する。なお、クランキングには、エンジンの気筒内で燃焼が発生している際に外力を前記クランクシャフトに与えることも含まれる。
本明細書において、エンジンの高負荷領域とは、エンジンの運転領域において、圧縮行程で筒内ガスの圧縮に要するトルクが大きい領域を意味する。エンジンの高負荷領域には、圧縮行程を含む。
本明細書において、エンジンの低負荷領域とは、エンジンの運転領域において、筒内ガスを圧縮していない領域を意味する。
本明細書において、4ストロークエンジン本体の温度とは、エンジンの燃焼室内の温度、または、燃焼室内の温度に関連する温度を検出するエンジン温度検出部によって検出された温度を意味する。燃焼室内の温度に関連する温度とは、燃焼室の温度に応じて変化する、冷却液、4ストロークエンジン本体のシリンダ及びクランクケース本体、燃料温度、インジェクタ温度、吸気ポート温度などの温度を意味する。また、空冷式エンジンの場合などは、オイル通路内のオイルの温度であってもよい。
以下で、実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。各図において、同一部分には同一の符号を付して、その同一部分の説明は繰り返さない。なお、各図中の構成部材の寸法は、実際の構成部材の寸法及び各構成部材の寸法比率等を忠実に表したものではない。
エンジンユニット100の構成について説明する。エンジンユニット100は、車両の一例である自動二輪車に設けられている。図1は、エンジンユニット100の構成を示す概略図である。なお、以下においては、エンジンユニット100が単気筒の4ストロークエンジン本体10(以下、単にエンジン10と表記する)を有する場合について説明する。図1においては、エンジンユニット100の各構成要素を簡略化して示している。本実施形態に係るエンジンユニット100は、1サイクル中に吸入行程、圧縮行程、膨張行程及び排気行程が含まれる4ストロークのエンジン10を有するエンジンユニットである。
まず、エンジン始動時にクランキングに必要なトルクについて説明する。図2は、エンジン始動時のクランク角とクランキングに必要な必要トルクとの関係を示す説明図である。
次にエンジン10の始動時における前記クランクシャフト46の目標回転速度Aの決定手順について説明する。
図10は、本発明の第2実施形態に係るエンジンユニット101の構成を示す概略図である。本実施形態に係る前記エンジンユニット101では、ECU80が、エンジン温度と目標回転速度Aとのマップデータとしての回転速度データを用いて、エンジン10の温度に応じて前記クランクシャフト46の回転速度を設定する点において、第1実施形態に係るエンジンユニット100と異なる。
以上、本発明の実施の形態を説明したが、上述した実施の形態は本発明を実施するための例示に過ぎない。よって、上述した実施の形態に限定されることなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で上述した実施の形態を適宜変形して実施することが可能である。
12 エアクリーナ
14a,14b 吸気管
16 排気管
20 スロットル装置
22 TPS
24 圧力センサ
26 クランク角センサ(クランク角検出部)
28 エンジン温度センサ(エンジン温度検出部)
30 永久磁石式スタータモータ
32、80 ECU(制御装置)
33a 吸気通路
33b 排気通路
35a 吸気ポート
35b 排気ポート
34 シリンダヘッド
36 燃焼室
40 シリンダ
42 ピストン
44 クランクケース
46 クランクシャフト
48 コンロッド
50 吸気弁
52 排気弁
54 燃料噴射装置
56 点火プラグ(点火装置)
58 減圧機構
62 インバータ
64 バッテリ
66 始動スイッチ
70 回転速度算出部
71 クランク角判定部
72 燃料噴射時間半底部
73 モータ制御部
74 燃料噴射時間制御部
75 点火制御部
76 メモリ
81 回転速度決定部
100,101 エンジンユニット
Claims (8)
- 吸気ポート及び排気ポートが設けられた燃焼室と、前記吸気ポートを開閉する吸気弁と、前記排気ポートを開閉する排気弁と、前記吸気ポートに接続され且つ前記吸気ポートを介して大気中の空気を前記燃焼室内に導く吸気通路と、前記排気ポートに接続される排気通路と、前記吸気通路内に燃料を噴射する燃料噴射装置と、前記燃焼室内の燃料及び空気を含む混合気に点火する点火装置と、前記燃焼室内を往復移動するピストンと、前記ピストンの往復移動に応じて回転するように、前記ピストンに接続されたクランクシャフトとを備え、4ストロークの間に前記クランクシャフトを回転する負荷が大きい高負荷領域と、前記クランクシャフトを回転する負荷が前記高負荷領域の負荷よりも小さい低負荷領域と、を有する4ストロークエンジン本体と、
永久磁石を有し前記クランクシャフトを回転させる永久磁石式スタータモータと、
前記永久磁石式スタータモータ、前記燃料噴射装置及び前記点火装置を制御する制御装置と、
前記4ストロークエンジン本体の温度を検出するエンジン温度検出部と、
前記クランクシャフトの回転角度の位置であるクランク角を検出するクランク角検出部と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記永久磁石式スタータモータを駆動させることによって、前記クランクシャフトを停止状態から回転させ、
前記クランクシャフトのクランク角が前記低負荷領域の間に、前記燃料噴射装置を制御することによって、前記吸気通路内に燃料を噴射し、
前記クランクシャフトのクランク角が前記低負荷領域の間で、かつ、前記燃料噴射装置が前記吸気通路内に燃料を噴射してから前記吸気弁が閉じるまでの間に、前記エンジン温度検出部により検出された前記4ストロークエンジン本体の温度に基づいて、前記クランクシャフトの回転速度の増加を抑制するように前記永久磁石式スタータモータの回転速度を制御し、
前記クランクシャフトのクランク角が前記高負荷領域の間に、前記点火装置を用いて前記燃焼室内の混合気に点火することによって、前記4ストロークエンジン本体を始動する、エンジンユニット。 - 請求項1に記載のエンジンユニットにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記エンジン温度検出部により検出された前記4ストロークエンジン本体の温度が第1温度であるときの前記クランクシャフトの回転速度が、前記エンジン温度検出部により検出された前記4ストロークエンジン本体の温度が前記第1温度よりも高い第2温度であるときの前記クランクシャフトの回転速度よりも低くなるように、前記永久磁石式スタータモータの回転速度を制御する、エンジンユニット。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のエンジンユニットにおいて、
前記燃料噴射装置は、前記吸気弁に向けて燃料を噴射する、エンジンユニット。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか一つに記載のエンジンユニットにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記エンジン温度検出部により検出された前記4ストロークエンジン本体の温度に基づいて決定された燃料噴射時間に応じて、前記クランクシャフトの回転速度を決定する、エンジンユニット。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載のエンジンユニットにおいて、
前記エンジン温度検出部は、前記4ストロークエンジン本体の冷却液の温度又はオイル通路内のオイルの温度を検出するセンサである、エンジンユニット。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか一つに記載のエンジンユニットにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記燃料噴射時間が、エンジン始動に必要な燃料を供給可能な所定時間を超えるまで、前記燃料噴射装置に燃料を噴射させる、エンジンユニット。 - 請求項1から6のいずれか一つに記載のエンジンユニットにおいて、
前記制御装置は、前記エンジン温度検出部により検出された前記4ストロークエンジン本体の温度が低いほど、前記燃料噴射時間における前記クランクシャフトの回転速度を低下させるように、前記モータの回転速度を制御する、エンジンユニット。 - 請求項1から7のいずれか一つに記載のエンジンユニットにおいて、
前記4ストロークエンジン本体は、前記クランクシャフトのクランク角が前記高負荷領域の間に、前記燃焼室内の混合気を排出するために前記排気弁を一時的に開く減圧機構をさらに備えている、エンジンユニット。
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WO2015093576A1 (ja) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | エンジンユニット、及び車両 |
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JPH11153075A (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-06-08 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の始動制御装置 |
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JP2002161754A (ja) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-06-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | エンジンクランキング時制振装置 |
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BR112019023949A2 (pt) | 2020-06-09 |
EP3626956B1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
JPWO2018212093A1 (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
EP3626956A4 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
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