WO2018193800A1 - 三次元形状測定用x線ct装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物 - Google Patents
三次元形状測定用x線ct装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018193800A1 WO2018193800A1 PCT/JP2018/012546 JP2018012546W WO2018193800A1 WO 2018193800 A1 WO2018193800 A1 WO 2018193800A1 JP 2018012546 W JP2018012546 W JP 2018012546W WO 2018193800 A1 WO2018193800 A1 WO 2018193800A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an instrument for evaluating a length measurement error of an X-ray CT apparatus for measuring a three-dimensional shape designed for measuring a dimension of an object to be inspected.
- a device manufactured by Carl Zeiss is known as a length measurement error evaluation device (hereinafter referred to as a device) of a three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus corresponding to VDI / VDE2630-1.3 ( Non-patent document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 1 is of a type called forest gauge.
- a sphere is placed in space by standing up a support bar that supports the sphere on a stepped base.
- 27 spheres and 22 spheres are known.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a calibrator for an X-ray CT apparatus for the purpose of accurately calibrating a shape dimension including an internal shape of an object to be inspected from a projection image obtained from the X-ray CT apparatus. Yes.
- the sphere is fixed in the space by fixing the sphere to the outer circumference of the cylindrical body.
- the calibrator described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that only a cylindrical region in the imaging space can be evaluated because a sphere cannot be arranged in the cavity inside the cylindrical body.
- a forest gauge it is possible to place a sphere on the central axis, but there are the following problems.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an evaluation range in the imaging visual field space when X-ray CT imaging is performed on a conventional forest gauge.
- FIG. 15 shows a case where a 27-sphere forest gauge manufactured by Carl Zeiss is the target of X-ray CT imaging.
- FIG. 15A shows a cylindrical imaging visual field space with a virtual line
- FIG. 15B shows an evaluation range in one X-ray CT imaging.
- FIG. 15C schematically shows the evaluation range in the imaging visual field space when the Z position is switched and the X-ray CT imaging is performed three times, and the range where the evaluation cannot be performed
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the mutual positional relationship of three conical spaces in the imaging
- the length reference in the X-axis direction is different from the length reference in the Y-axis direction. For example, a perfect circle is deformed into an ellipse on a cross-sectional image orthogonal to the Z-axis.
- the length reference in the X-axis direction and the length reference in the Y-axis direction are gradually changed depending on the position of the Z-axis, so that, for example, the cylindrical shape is deformed into a truncated cone shape.
- Third, local deformation occurs around a specific point.
- the XY plane rotates little by little due to the crossing position of the XY plane with the Z axis, and a twist-like deformation occurs in the space.
- a sphere is arranged on a conical surface with a central sphere as an apex. Therefore, a conical space as shown in FIG. 15B is a distance between spheres obtained from a coordinate measurement result of CMM.
- the evaluation range can be compared with the value of. For this reason, it is difficult to capture the second to fourth spatial distortions among the spatial distortions inherent to the first to fourth X-ray CT apparatuses described above.
- X-ray CT imaging is repeatedly performed while changing the position of the object in the Z-axis direction finely and repeatedly within the height range corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the light receiving area of the X-ray detector. It is necessary to measure the distance between the balls. That is, it takes time to evaluate the measurement accuracy of the X-ray CT apparatus.
- the Z axis is adjusted only by the apex sphere of the conical space, and when X-ray CT imaging is repeated a plurality of times. It is not possible to evaluate the mutual positional relationship between the conical spaces to be evaluated for each X-ray CT imaging. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15D, the deformation of the conical space can be grasped, but the mutual positional relationship of the conical space for each X-ray CT imaging cannot be grasped.
- a first object is to provide an instrument for evaluating a length measurement error of an X-ray CT apparatus for original shape measurement.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram for explaining a conventional fixing method to the base of the support rod that supports the sphere.
- a so-called split tightening method is used as a method of fixing the support rod when placing the ball in space by standing a support rod that supports the ball on the base.
- the fixing member 140 having a hole into which the support rod 136 can be inserted is attached to the base 131 by screwing, and the gap 144 at the split portion is narrowed by operating the tightening screw 145.
- a tightening force is applied to the support bar 136, and the support bar 136 is fixed to the base 131.
- FIG. 16A the fixing member 140 having a hole into which the support rod 136 can be inserted is attached to the base 131 by screwing, and the gap 144 at the split portion is narrowed by operating the tightening screw 145.
- the male screw portion 153 is mounted on the base in a state where the fixing member 150 having the hole for inserting the support rod 136 and the male screw portion 153 is used and the support rod 136 is bonded and fixed to the hole.
- the support rod 136 is fixed to the base 131 by being screwed into a screw hole (female screw) formed in 231.
- the length measurement error evaluation device of the three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus includes an actual inter-sphere distance value obtained from the coordinate measurement result and an inter-sphere distance value in the imaging space measured during the X-ray CT imaging. Since the length measurement error due to the X-ray CT is evaluated from the difference between the sphere and the position of each sphere of the object is measured by the CMM, the sphere position is allowed to change even if it is a minute amount. Can not.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a length measurement error evaluation instrument for a three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus in which the sphere position does not change.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional ball bonding structure at the tip of a support rod.
- a ruby sphere or sapphire sphere which is commercially available as a CMM probe, is bonded to the tip of the support rod, thereby supporting the sphere with the support rod.
- the structure of bonding the sphere to the support bar is a process in which the upper surface on the support bar 136 side is processed into a concave shape in accordance with the spherical shape, and the sphere 35 is placed in the concave portion for bonding. There is. Also, as shown in FIG.
- a holed ball 235 with holes is prepared, a thin shaft 239 corresponding to the hole is provided at the tip of the support bar, and the hole of the holed ball 235 is on the side of the support bar 236.
- the thin shaft 239 is press-fitted and fixed. The clearance between the processed surface of the recess shown in FIG. 17A and the lower surface of the sphere 35, the side surface of the thin shaft 239 shown in FIG. 17B, and the inner wall surface of the hole of the perforated sphere 235 is constant. Ideally, the gap should be filled and fixed with an adhesive.
- the sphere 35 comes into contact with the support rod 136 at a plurality of points such as part of the recess and contact with the edge of the recess. For this reason, even if the sphere is supported by the support rod 136 having the same length, the height position of the sphere is slightly different.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray capable of making the positional relationship between each of a plurality of support rods and a sphere supported thereon constant. It is a third object to provide an instrument for evaluating the length measurement error of a CT apparatus.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a base, a plurality of spheres arranged in an XYZ space on the base, and a plurality of supports erected on the base to support each of the plurality of spheres.
- a plurality of spheres having different Z positions are arranged in the XYZ space on the base, and one or more spheres are arranged in the vicinity of the Z-axis among the plurality of spheres.
- a plurality of outer peripheral spheres are arranged along one outer periphery.
- an apparatus for evaluating a length measurement error of the X-ray CT apparatus for measuring a three-dimensional shape according to the first aspect wherein an outer peripheral sphere arranged for each of the plurality of XY planes. Are arranged in a cylindrical shape.
- the length measurement error evaluation instrument of the three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein a plurality of spheres arranged in the vicinity of the Z-axis are provided. A circumferential sphere.
- a length measurement error evaluation instrument for a three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein a plurality of the plurality of XY planes are provided for each of the plurality of XY planes.
- the outer peripheral sphere and one or more inner spheres are arranged.
- a distance between the inner sphere and the Z-axis is And 20% or less of the distance between the outer sphere and the Z-axis.
- the arrangement range of the plurality of spheres includes the plurality of spheres. In the range in which the distance in the Z direction between the XY plane having the lowest Z position and the XY plane having the highest Z position is larger than the distance in the XY direction from the Z axis. is there.
- each outer sphere is provided for each XY plane.
- the outer spheres are arranged so that the average value of the distances between the XY plane and the Z axis is equal between the plurality of XY planes.
- the length measurement error evaluating instrument of the three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, wherein the plurality of XY planes are mutually connected. There are at least three XY planes that are equally spaced in the Z direction.
- the length measurement error evaluation instrument of the three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, wherein the outer peripheral sphere is arranged in a predetermined manner.
- the length measurement error evaluation instrument of the three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus wherein the plurality of XY planes have distances in the Z direction from each other.
- Each of the three XY planes is arranged by arranging a plurality of sets in which two spheres are arranged opposite to the Z-axis among the plurality of spheres.
- the spheres arranged in the are arranged uniformly at intervals of about 30 degrees on a circle centered on the Z axis.
- At least one of the plurality of XY planes is provided.
- a circumferential sphere is also disposed, and the inner circumferential sphere is disposed on a line connecting the outer circumferential spheres arranged to face each other.
- the length measurement error evaluation instrument of the three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, wherein the outer sphere has one X- They are arranged at equal intervals on a circle centered on the Z axis in a plan view of the Y plane.
- a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the length measurement error evaluation instrument of the three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, wherein the base has a flat surface at the top.
- a plurality of spheres having different Z positions are arranged depending on the lengths of the plurality of support bars.
- the plurality of support bars are the plurality of support rods.
- the support rod holding mechanism is inserted into a hole formed in the base according to the number of support rods, and the support rod holding mechanism is accommodated in the hole of the base, and a plurality of punch holes are provided on a side surface.
- a bottomed cylindrical member provided with a space for inserting the support rod and a hole through which the support rod penetrates are provided in the central portion, and formed on the inner wall of the opening of the cylindrical member in the outer peripheral portion.
- a load bolt provided with a male screw portion to be screwed with a female screw, and an end opposite to the side supporting the spherical body are in contact with the bottom of the cylindrical member and inserted into the hole of the cylindrical member Fixing piece having a convex portion that comes into contact with the side surface of the support rod in a finished state The force generated when the load bolt is fastened to the cylindrical member by being inserted into the hole of the cylindrical member and screwed into a female screw and a male screw on the XY plane of the support rod.
- the hole of the cylindrical member is formed on a side surface of the cylindrical member.
- Three places are provided at equal intervals around the shaft, the fixing pieces are arranged at two places of the punched holes, and the load transmitting pieces are arranged at one place.
- the length measurement error evaluation instrument of the three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus according to the fourteenth or fifteenth aspect, wherein the load transmitting pieces are joined to each other on an inclined surface. It consists of two wedge-like members.
- a length measurement error evaluation instrument for a three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus according to any one of the first to sixteenth aspects, wherein a conical recess is formed at one end of the support rod. And a sphere is brought into contact with and supported by the conical slope of the conical recess.
- a through hole is provided in the bottom of the conical recess of the support rod.
- one or more spheres are arranged in the vicinity of the Z axis in the XYZ space on the base, and for each of a plurality of XY planes having different Z positions, 1 Since a plurality of outer spheres are arranged along one outer periphery, the outer sphere is arranged not only by a region where a plurality of outer spheres are arranged in space, but also by one or more spheres near the Z axis.
- the imaging space can be evaluated up to the area inside the set area.
- a plurality of spheres having different Z positions are disposed in the vicinity of the Z-axis by disposing one or more inner spheres for each of a plurality of XY planes.
- a plurality of measurement points can be provided in the Z direction at the center of the evaluation range.
- the arrangement range of the plurality of spheres is set in the Z direction between the XY plane having the lowest Z position and the XY plane having the highest Z position among the plurality of XY planes.
- the arrangement of the outer spheres at least four spheres are arranged on each of a plurality of XY planes having different Z positions separated from the Z axis by a predetermined distance. For this reason, a structure in which a sphere is arranged on a conical surface as in the prior art is not achieved, and the spatial distortion inherent to the X-ray CT apparatus can be captured without deficiency. Therefore, the three-dimensional shape measurement accuracy of the X-ray CT apparatus can be evaluated.
- the conventional base is stepped by realizing a spherical arrangement with different Z positions due to the difference between the lengths of the plurality of support bars on the upper surface and the flat surface of the base.
- the shadow of the step is not reflected, and the range that can be evaluated by one shooting is widened, and the number of times of repeated measurement by changing the Z-axis position can be reduced as compared with the conventional method.
- the support rod holding mechanism realizes the restraint of each support rod in the three-dimensional space, when a considerable amount of stress is applied to the ball or the support rod, Alternatively, it is possible to manufacture an object whose ball position does not change even when it is turned upside down during transportation or installation.
- the shape of the tip of the support rod supporting the sphere is a conical recess, and therefore the sphere is in line contact with the conical inclined surface of the conical recess of the support rod.
- the adhesive can be released, and the force that pulls the sphere more toward the support rod when the adhesive is cured. As a result, the holding force of the sphere can be increased.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of spheres 35.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of spheres 35. It is a schematic diagram explaining the modification of arrangement
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the modification of arrangement
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the modification of arrangement
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the modification of arrangement
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the modification of arrangement
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the modification of arrangement
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the modification of arrangement
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view for explaining a support rod holding mechanism 40.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a state where a support bar holding mechanism 40 is inserted into a base 31.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram explaining the adhesion structure of the ball
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram explaining the adhesion structure of the ball
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus.
- This X-ray CT apparatus for three-dimensional shape measurement (hereinafter referred to as X-ray CT apparatus) includes an X-ray irradiation unit 11, an X-ray detector 12, and a rotary stage 13.
- X-ray CT apparatus an object to be inspected is placed on a rotary stage 13 disposed between an X-ray irradiation unit 11 and an X-ray detector 12 arranged to face each other, and non-destructive internal observation or 3D shape measurement is performed.
- the X-ray irradiation unit 11 includes an X-ray tube as an X-ray source inside, and generates X-rays corresponding to the tube voltage and tube current supplied from the high voltage generator 15 from the X-ray tube.
- the high voltage generator 15 is controlled by an X-ray controller 16, and the X-ray controller 16 is connected to a personal computer PC on which control software for controlling the entire X-ray CT apparatus is installed.
- the X-ray detector 12 is a combination of an image intensifier (II) and a CCD camera, or an FPD (Flat Panel Detector), which is connected to a personal computer PC via a CT image reconstruction calculation device 18. Connected.
- the X-ray detector 12 is configured to be detachable from the rotary stage 13 in order to enlarge or reduce the fluoroscopic imaging region.
- the rotary stage 13 can also be separated from the X-ray irradiation unit 11.
- the rotary stage 13 rotates with the Z axis orthogonal to the X axis along the X-ray optical axis L connecting the X-ray irradiator 11 to the X-ray detector 12 as the rotation axis R, and the stage drive mechanism 14 performs the XY direction. Can be moved in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the Z direction.
- the stage drive mechanism 14 is connected to the personal computer PC via the stage control unit 17.
- the inspection object placed on the rotary stage 13 is rotated around the rotation axis R while being irradiated with X-rays from the X-ray irradiation unit 11. Then, X-rays transmitted from all directions around 360 ° around the object to be inspected are detected by the X-ray detector 12, and the X-ray transmission data is taken into the CT image reconstruction calculation device 18.
- the CT image reconstruction calculation device 18 is configured by a computer including a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk, and the like as a storage device that stores programs, detection data of the X-ray detector 12, and a CPU as a calculation device. .
- a tomographic image (CT image) of the inspection object sliced along a plane along the XY plane is constructed using the acquired 360-degree X-ray transmission data.
- the CT image is transmitted from the CT image reconstruction calculation device 18 to the personal computer PC, and is used for three-dimensional imaging by a three-dimensional image construction program installed in the personal computer PC.
- a personal computer PC is connected to a display device 23 such as a liquid crystal display and an input device 22 including a keyboard 22a and a mouse 22b.
- the keyboard 22a and the mouse 22b are used for input by an operator in various operations.
- the display device 23 displays the CT image transmitted from the CT image reconstruction calculation device 18 to the personal computer PC, and displays a three-dimensional image constructed using the CT image.
- the function of the CT image reconstruction calculation device 18 may be integrated with the personal computer PC and realized by a single computer as a computer peripheral device or software.
- the length measurement error evaluation instrument 30 used when evaluating this X-ray CT apparatus for three-dimensional shape measurement will be described. Since the X-ray CT apparatus obtains volume data called a reconstructed image from a plurality of projection images detected by the X-ray detector 12, the X-ray detector 12 is used for evaluation for measuring a three-dimensional shape. Therefore, it is required that a wide range of length measurement accuracy confirmation can be performed on the X-ray detection region. In addition, since the X-ray CT apparatus changes the positional relationship among the X-ray source, the rotary stage 13 and the X-ray detector 12 in order to change the magnification of the projected image, each configuration is ideally assembled. It is required to be able to evaluate geometric errors that deviate from the state. Furthermore, since the X-ray CT apparatus performs X-ray imaging by rotating the rotary stage 13, it is also required that the motion error of the rotary stage 13 can be evaluated.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the length measurement error evaluation instrument 30 of the three-dimensional shape measurement X-ray CT apparatus according to the present invention.
- An instrument 30 for length measurement error evaluation (hereinafter referred to as instrument 30) of the X-ray CT apparatus for three-dimensional shape measurement is based on support rods 36, 37, and 38 having different lengths with a sphere 35 fixed to the tip.
- instrument 30 By attaching to 31, 15 spheres 35 are arranged in the XYZ space on the base 31.
- Support rods 36, 37, and 38 having different lengths for supporting the sphere 35 are erected on the flat surface 32 at the top of the base 31 at a predetermined interval.
- the base 31 is made of a low thermal expansion metal material with extremely small thermal deformation.
- the sphere 35 is a sphere such as a ruby sphere having a small shape error (high sphericity), and the support rods 36, 37, and 38 are made of a material such as ceramic.
- the arrangement space of the spheres 35 in the upper part of the base 31 is covered with a cylindrical cover 33 at the time of storage and use so that the spatial arrangement of the spheres 35 after coordinate measurement by the CMM does not occur. I am doing so.
- the cover 33 is made of a material having a relatively high X-ray transmittance such as an acrylic resin.
- the cover 33 does not need to be transparent to visible light, but is preferably transparent to visible light. If it is transparent, the operator can directly see the inside, which makes it easier to understand the structure.
- the support bar 37 is 30 mm longer than the support bar 36, and the support bar 38 is 30 mm longer than the support bar 37.
- a plurality of (for example, five per one Z position) spheres 35 can be arranged at three Z positions. That is, the difference in the lengths of the support rods 36, 37, and 38 used for supporting the sphere 35 is set in three stages, so that the sphere 35 is arranged on three XY planes having different Z positions.
- the difference in length between the shortest support rod 36 and the intermediate support rod 37, and the difference in length between the intermediate support rod 37 and the longest support rod 38 Are made the same length, so that the intervals between the three Z positions are made uniform.
- FIG. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams for explaining the arrangement of the spheres 35.
- FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional image showing the arrangement of the spheres 35 in a cylindrical imaging space indicated by a two-dot chain line
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view.
- FIG. 4 shows projection coordinates (Xi, Yi) obtained by projecting the position of each sphere 35 parallel to the Z axis toward the XY plane of the Z position of the sphere 35 supported by the shortest support rod 36.
- the triangle ( ⁇ ) in the figure indicates the position of the five spheres 35 supported by the shortest support rod 36
- the square ( ⁇ ) indicates 5 supported by the support rod 37 having an intermediate length.
- the positions of the spheres 35 are indicated, and the circles ( ⁇ ) indicate the positions of the five spheres 35 supported by the longest support rod 38.
- this container 30 in this container 30, one for each of three Z positions on a circle (inner circle) having a radius of about 10 mm centered on the origin (0, 0) in the projected coordinates.
- a total of 12 spheres are arranged by arranging four spheres 35 at about 90 degrees on a circle (outer circle) having a radius of about 50 mm and arranging the spheres 35 approximately 90 degrees in a cross shape. 35 is arranged. Since the origin (0, 0) in the projected coordinates is also the Z axis, five spheres are arranged on each of three XY planes having different Z positions, and a total of 15 spheres are arranged. Become.
- the three XY planes are equally spaced from each other in the Z direction.
- a single sphere 35 is arranged.
- the arrangement of the four spheres 35 can be reduced to each other. It is a substantially cross shape that is shifted by 90 degrees.
- the positional relationship between the spheres 35 arranged on the outer circle in three different XY planes is arranged at equal intervals on the same circle with the Z axis as the center in a plan view as shown in FIG. . That is, the positions on the circle centered on the origin (0, 0) in FIG. 4 are positions separated from each other by approximately 30 degrees.
- the XY plane with the Z position shifted upward is centered on the Z axis.
- spheres 35 indicated by squares ( ⁇ ) are arranged at a position rotated counterclockwise by approximately 30 degrees, and the XY plane with the Z position shifted upward from it is substantially the same about the Z axis.
- Four spheres 35 indicated by circles ( ⁇ ) are arranged at positions rotated counterclockwise by 30 degrees. That is, on the outer peripheral surface of each 90-degree angle of a cylinder having a radius of 50 mm and a height of 60 mm, a sphere 35 in the order of triangle ( ⁇ ), square ( ⁇ ), and circle ( ⁇ ) is 30 degrees with the Z axis as the rotation axis. They are arranged in a spiral by a combination of rotation and translation of 30 mm parallel to the Z axis.
- the plurality of outer peripheral spheres arranged for each of the three XY planes are arranged in a cylindrical shape as evaluation points of a cylindrical region (shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 3) of the imaging space.
- the plurality of spheres on the outer peripheral side are arranged such that the arrangement positions of four spheres arranged on each of the three XY planes are centered on the Z axis with respect to the arrangement positions of the spheres of adjacent XY planes.
- By rotating about 30 degrees they are evenly arranged at intervals of about 30 degrees on a circle centered on the Z axis in plan view.
- the average value of the distance between the origin (0,0) and each triangle ( ⁇ ), the origin (0,0) and each square If the average value of the distance to ( ⁇ ) and the average value of the distance between the origin (0, 0) and each circle ( ⁇ ) are the same, the spheres 35 need not necessarily be arranged on the same circle. Absent. That is, it is only necessary that the average value of the distance between each sphere 35 and the Z axis for each of the XY planes of the spheres 35 other than the three spheres 35 arranged on each XY plane is approximately equal.
- One of the five spheres 35 is an inner peripheral sphere of the present invention, and is arranged at equal intervals on a circle having a radius of about 10 mm in the vicinity of the Z axis. That is, one sphere 35 is arranged for each of the three types of Z positions on a substantially straight line in the Z-axis direction.
- the sphere 35 is supported by the support rods 36, 37, and 38, three spheres 35 that differ strictly in the Z position on the origin (0, 0) of the projected coordinates. Can not be placed.
- the three spheres 35 respectively supported by the support rods 36, 37, and 38 having different lengths are arranged at equal intervals on the inner circumference in the vicinity of the Z axis, but along the Z axis. If three sphere positions with different heights can be acquired, they need not be arranged on the same circle.
- the “vicinity” in the vicinity of the Z axis of the present invention includes those that are separated from the center by a distance that can be regarded as the center position, and also includes the center Z axis.
- the sphere 35 arranged in the vicinity of the Z axis sandwiches the origin (0, 0) of the four spheres 35 arranged on a circle having a radius of 50 mm on each XY plane at each Z position. By arranging them on a line connecting the two diagonally, the amount of deviation from the Z axis can be easily grasped and the uniform arrangement around the Z axis in plan view can be facilitated.
- FIG. 5 to FIG. 8 are schematic diagrams for explaining modifications of the arrangement of the spheres 35.
- 5 and 7 are three-dimensional images showing the arrangement of the spheres 35 in the imaging space
- FIGS. 6 and 8 are schematic plan views.
- the position of the sphere 35 on the XY plane where the Z position is low is indicated by a black circle
- the position of the sphere 35 on the XY plane where the Z position is high is indicated by a white circle.
- the spheres 35 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 there is one evaluation point in the Z direction by arranging one sphere on the Z axis.
- Two spheres 35 are arranged along one outer periphery around the Z axis in two different XY planes.
- the spheres 35 are arranged on the same circle at equal intervals.
- the spheres 35 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 it is possible to evaluate the imaging space in the area inside the area where the outer sphere is arranged by one sphere 35 on the Z axis.
- the two spheres are arranged opposite to each other along the outer circumference so that the sphere 35 can be projected at least at a position close to the maximum X-ray detection region in the lateral direction of the X-ray detector 12. Multiple evaluation points can be obtained in space.
- the X-ray detector 12 is located at a position close to the maximum X-ray detection region in the vertical direction and has a different height.
- the sphere 35 can be projected at the position.
- each sphere 35 on the two XY planes has one outer circumference circle. If they are arranged along the XY plane, their arrangement is not strictly equal, and they do not have to be opposed to each other on the XY plane.
- the “outer circumference” of the sphere on the outer circumference side in the present invention is a circle having a diameter capable of projecting the sphere 35 at a position close to the largest X-ray detection area in the lateral direction of the X-ray detector 12 or an ellipse having a major axis. Is the circumference.
- the spheres By disposing two or more spheres in each of two or more XY planes with different Z positions, the spheres have a conical surface like the conventional forest gauge described with reference to FIG. Arrangement eliminates the problem of creating a range that cannot be evaluated in a cylindrical imaging space.
- the outer peripheral sphere in the present invention is a sphere arranged on a plurality of XY planes along the outer periphery where the sphere 35 can be projected at a position close to the maximum lateral X-ray detection region of the X-ray detector 12. And as long as it follows the circumference, all the spheres do not have to have the same distance from the Z-axis. Further, in the present invention, the outer peripheral spheres are arranged in a cylindrical shape. A plurality of spheres in each XY plane are parallel to the Z axis while facing different XY planes between different XY planes. Is a spherical arrangement in a state where a cylindrical shape in which the difference between the Z positions of the two XY planes becomes a height can be formed.
- the 7 and 8 has two evaluation points in the Z direction. That is, one sphere 35 is arranged in the vicinity of the Z axis for each of the two XY planes, and the sphere 35 in the vicinity of the Z axis between the different XY planes is in the vicinity of the Z axis in the plan view shown in FIG. It is a positional relationship along the inner circumference circle.
- the “inner circumference” of the sphere on the inner circumference side is the inner circumference with respect to the outer circumference, and a certain design regularity is applied to the positional relationship of the spheres near the Z axis between different XY planes. By having it, uniformity in the production of the equipment can be secured.
- the number of evaluation points in the Z direction is increased, so that a cylindrical shape to be evaluated for each X-ray CT scan when a plurality of X-ray CT scans are repeated. It is possible to evaluate the mutual positional relationship between the spaces.
- the arrangement of the spheres 35 can be modified in addition to that described with reference to FIGS. That is, depending on the size of the X-ray detector 12 and the necessity of multiple X-ray CT imaging with the Z-axis position changed, the number of XY planes on which a plurality of outer peripheral spheres are arranged, The number of spheres to be arranged can be changed.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a constraint condition in a three-dimensional space when the columnar support rod 36 is fixed to the base 31.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the transmission of force by the wedge-shaped piece.
- FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view for explaining the support rod holding mechanism 40.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a state where the support bar holding mechanism 40 is inserted into the base 31.
- 12A is a plan view of the support bar holding mechanism 40, and
- FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. 12A.
- the support rod holding mechanism 40 includes a bottomed cylindrical member 41 provided with a space in which the support rods 36, 37, and 38 can be inserted, a fixing piece 45 for restraining the support rods 36, 37, and 38, and a load. It consists of a transmission piece 46, a fixing piece 45 and a load bolt 42 for applying a load to the load transmission piece 46. Since the support rods 36, 37, and 38 are rods having the same diameter and different from each other, the following description will be made as the support rod 36.
- the internal wall of the opening of the cylindrical member 41 is formed with a female screw that is screwed with a male screw portion 43 formed on the outer periphery of a load bolt 42 described later. Further, on the side surface of the cylindrical member 41, there are formed through holes 44 for arranging the fixing pieces 45 and the load transmitting pieces 46 at equal intervals of approximately 120 degrees in three directions from the cylindrical axis. Two fixing pieces 45 and one load transmission piece 46 are respectively arranged in three holes 44 provided on the side surface of the cylindrical member 41.
- the fixing piece 45 is provided with a convex portion 47 that contacts the support rod 36 at positions corresponding to points 1 and 3 and points 2 and 4 shown in FIG. In the fixing piece 45 of this embodiment, similarly, a convex portion 47 is provided at a corresponding position on the surface opposite to the side in contact with the support rod 36.
- the load transmitting piece 46 is a wedge-like piece described with reference to FIG. 10 and includes three wedge-like members 46a, 46b, and 46c joined to each other at an inclined surface.
- the three wedge-like members 46a, 46b, 46c move to each other by sliding on the inclined surface.
- the base 31 is provided with holes for accommodating the cylindrical member 41 that is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical member 41, as many as the number of spheres 35 to be arranged in the XYZ space.
- the cylindrical member 41 is inserted into each hole of the base 31 in a state where the load transmitting piece 46 and the two fixing pieces 45 are arranged in the hole 44.
- the load bolt 42 is provided with a hole through which the support rod 36 penetrates in the central part, and a male screw part 43 that is screwed with an internal thread formed on the inner wall of the opening of the cylindrical member 41 at the outer peripheral part. It is a member of like.
- the load bolt 42 is different from a general bolt in that a hole is formed in the center portion, the load bolt 42 is a general tool by forming a plane parallel to a portion where a male screw is not formed. It can be rotated by a wrench and can be attached to and detached from the cylindrical member 41.
- the load bolt 42 When the load bolt 42 is fastened to the cylindrical member 41, a force is applied to the load transmission piece 46 along the long axis direction of the piece.
- the length in the major axis direction of the load transmitting piece 46 in which the three wedge-like members 46 a, 46 b and 46 c are combined is made sufficiently larger than the length in the major axis direction of the fixing piece 45.
- the length in the major axis direction is made smaller than the length of the load transmission piece 46, so that the upper end portion of the fixing piece 45 becomes the load bolt when the load bolt 42 is fastened. 42, but the length in the major axis direction is the same as that of the load transmitting piece 46, and the upper end of the fixing piece 45 is supported outside the diameter of the load bolt 42.
- the force applied to the load transmission piece 46 by fastening the load bolt 42 is applied to the load between the inclined surfaces of the wedge-like member 46 a and the wedge-like member 46 b. Dispersed into a horizontal force and a vertical force with respect to the direction. Further, the force in the vertical direction is dispersed into a force in the horizontal direction and a force in the vertical direction with respect to the load direction at the joint portion between the inclined surfaces of the wedge-like member 46b and the wedge-like member 46c. Due to such two-direction forces differing by 90 degrees, a force directed toward the central axis of the support rod 36 and a force directed downward are applied to the support rod 36.
- the force toward the central axis of the support bar 36 is transmitted from the position where the load transmitting piece 46 is arranged to the fixing piece 45 installed in the direction of ⁇ 120 degrees (see FIG. 12A).
- the support bar 36 is constrained on the XY plane by the force opposite to the contact point between the convex portion 47 of the fixing top 45 and the support bar 36. Further, the downward force of the support rod 36 is transmitted to the cylindrical member 41.
- the movement in the Z-axis direction in which the lower end of the support bar 36 is lifted from the bottom of the cylindrical member 41 is the same direction as the load direction applied to the load transmitting piece 46 when the load bolt 42 is fastened, which is a force from the opposite direction. It is restrained by the force of.
- the wedge-like member 46a that is in direct contact with the load bolt 42 slides by the inclination of the inclined surface where the wedge-like member 46a and the wedge-like member 46b are in contact with each other, and moves to the support rod 36 side. It is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the rod 36. For this reason, the movement of the support bar 36 in the rotational direction is restrained by the frictional force between the outer peripheral surface of the support bar 36 and the surface of the wedge-like member 46a.
- the wedge-like member 46c disposed in contact with the bottom of the cylindrical member 41 among the wedge-like members 46a, 46b, 46c of the load transmitting piece 46. Slides with the inclination of the inclined surface where the wedge-like member 46b and the wedge-like member 46c are in contact with each other, and moves slightly toward the outside of the cylindrical member 41. As a result, the wedge-like member 46 c is pressed against the inner wall surface of the base 31 outside the outer periphery of the cylindrical member 41.
- the wedge-like member 46 b is inclined as the wedge-like member 46 a and the wedge-like member 46 c are slightly moved in the opposite directions, and the upper end is on the inner wall surface of the base 31 outside the outer periphery of the cylindrical member 41. Pressed. Further, as the material of the fixing top 45 and the load transmission top 46, a metal such as aluminum which is softer than iron is adopted, so that the load due to the fastening of the load bolt 42 via the load transmission top 46 is applied. Upon receiving, the fixing piece 45 is also slightly deformed by being pushed by the support rod 36, and a convex portion 47 opposite to the convex portion 47 facing the support rod side of the fixing piece 45 is formed on the inner wall surface of the base 31. Pressed. The support bar holding mechanism 40 including the cylindrical member 41 is fixed to the base 31 and the support bar 36 is fixed to the base 31 by the action of the force pressed against the inner wall surface of the base 31.
- a wedge-like shape is adopted as the shape of the load transmission piece 46, but the load from one direction is distributed in two directions, and the lateral and downward forces are applied to the support rod 36. Any other shape may be adopted as long as it is a mechanism capable of providing the above.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the bonding structure of the sphere 35 at the tip of the support rod. The following description relates not only to the support rod 36 but also to the support rods 37 and 38.
- One end (front end) of the support rod 36 of this embodiment is subjected to conical concave processing to fix the sphere 35, and the end opposite to the side to which the sphere 35 is fixed is the bottom surface of the cylindrical member 41. It is made into the flat shape which contacts. As shown in FIG. 13, when a sphere 35 is placed on the conical recess 51, the sphere 35 comes into contact with the conical inclined surface of the conical recess 51 on a circular line indicated by reference sign t.
- the depth of the conical recess 51 and the inclination of the conical surface are such that the upper end 52 of the support rod 36, which is the edge of the conical recess 51, is closer to the apex side of the cone in the conical recess 51 than the equator e of the sphere 35. It is determined by the diameter.
- the sphere 35 is fixed to the conical slope of the conical recess 51 with an adhesive.
- the sphere 35 does not need to be drilled for inserting the thin shaft 239 as described above with reference to FIG. 17A, and an X-ray transmission image is formed on the equator e of the sphere 35. There is no structure that can be disturbed. Therefore, the center position and the shape of the sphere, which should be detected originally, and the center position and the shape of the sphere, which are obtained by actually irradiating the X-rays. There is no deviation that cannot be ignored.
- the contact between the support bar 36 and the sphere 35 is limited to the circular line of the conical inclined surface, it is difficult to be affected by the difference in processing accuracy of each sphere 35, and the sphere 35 is attached to the support bar 36. This can be performed more stably than in the past.
- a certain gap between the conical surface of the support rod 36 that is not in direct contact and the outer portion of the sphere 35 can be filled with the adhesive, the holding force of the sphere 35 is stabilized. You can also.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the bonding structure of the sphere 35 at the tip of the support rod. The following description relates not only to the support rod 36 but also to the support rods 37 and 38.
- FIG. 14 is formed with a conical recess 51 for placing the sphere 35 at the tip of the support rod 36 shown in FIG. 14 is provided with a through hole 54 that passes from the bottom of the conical recess 51 to the outer surface of the support bar 36.
- the through hole 54 is for allowing the adhesive used to fix the sphere 35 to escape from the conical recess 51.
- the through hole 54 communicates with the outer surface of the support bar 36 to make it easier for the adhesive to escape.
- the through hole 54 does not necessarily penetrate to the outer surface of the support bar 36. It does not have to be. Even if a thin cylindrical recess is provided at the bottom of the conical recess 51, the same effect can be obtained.
- the support rods 36, 37, 38 can be constrained in a three-dimensional space by the support rod holding mechanism 40, and the sphere 35 has the conical recess 51 formed therein. It is stably fixed to 36, 37, 38. For this reason, even when the container 30 is tilted at the time of installation until the container 30 is placed on the rotary stage 13, or when the container 30 is turned upside down, the change in the sphere position is reduced as compared with the prior art. be able to. Further, in the coordinate measurement by the CMM, even when a considerable amount of external force is applied to each of the support rods 36, 37, 38 due to the contact of the probe with the sphere 35, it is possible to prevent the sphere position from changing as in the prior art. Can do.
- the XYZ space where each sphere 35 is arranged is covered by the cover 33.
- the cover 33 since the number of the spheres 35 is suppressed to 15, the coordinate measurement with the CMM can be performed quickly. Moreover, since the number of parts can be reduced as compared with the conventional case, the manufacturing cost of the container 30 can be suppressed.
- the instrument 30 When performing X-ray CT imaging on this instrument 30, the instrument 30 is positioned with the cover 33 mounted on the rotary stage 13, and X-ray CT imaging is executed.
- the projection coordinates (Xi, Yi) of each sphere 35 are substantially equal as shown in FIG. 4, and the positions in the Z direction of three XY planes having different Z positions are also substantially equal. Therefore, the fifteen spheres 35 arranged in the XYZ space do not have a conventional structure in which spheres are arranged on a conical surface, and each has an appropriate distance interval. With such a sphere arrangement, it is possible to capture the spatial distortion inherent to the X-ray CT apparatus without a shortage.
- the upper surface of the base 31 is a flat surface 32, and the lengths of the support rods 36, 37, and 38 that support the sphere 35 are changed.
- the evaluation range in the Z-axis direction in the visual field space can be made wider than a conventional instrument having a stepped base.
- the difference in length (for example, 60 mm) between the support rod 36 having the shortest length and the support rod 38 having the longest length is set as the origin (0, 0) of the projected coordinates shown in FIG. It is longer than the radius (50 mm) of the center circle. Therefore, the arrangement range of the plurality of spheres is such that the distance in the Z direction between the XY plane having the lowest Z position and the XY plane having the highest Z position among the plurality of XY planes is It becomes larger than the distance in the XY direction. As described above, in this embodiment, the difference between the arrangement range of the sphere 35 on the XY plane and the arrangement range in the Z-axis direction is made smaller than the conventional one.
- a plurality of XY are used when the vertical and horizontal size ratios of the X-ray detector 12 are equal. It is preferable that the distance in the Z direction between the XY plane having the lowest Z position and the XY plane having the highest Z position in the plane is approximately equal to a distance twice the distance in the XY direction from the Z axis.
- the sphere 35 is disposed in the X position with the lowest Z position among a plurality of XY planes.
- the distance in the Z direction between the ⁇ Y plane and the XY plane with the highest Z position is the distance in the XY direction from the Z axis (the radius of the circle centered on the origin (0, 0) of the projected coordinates shown in FIG. 4). ) And is smaller than or twice the distance in the XY direction from the Z-axis (the diameter of the circle centered at the origin (0, 0) of the projected coordinates shown in FIG. 4) or approximately equal. do it.
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Abstract
Description
12 X線検出器
13 回転ステージ
14 ステージ駆動機構
15 高電圧発生装置
16 X線制御部
17 ステージ制御部
18 CT画像再構成演算装置
22 入力装置
23 表示装置
30 器物
31 基台
32 平坦面
33 カバー
35 球体
36 支持棒
37 支持棒
38 支持棒
40 支持棒保持機構
41 筒状部材
42 荷重用ボルト
43 雄ネジ部
44 抜き孔
45 固定用コマ
46 荷重伝達用コマ
47 凸部
51 円錐凹部
52 上端
54 抜け穴
131 基台
136 支持棒
140 固定部材
144 割り部分の隙間
145 締付ネジ
153 雄ネジ部
150 固定部材
231 基台
235 穴あき球
236 支持棒
239 細軸
Claims (18)
- 基台と、
前記基台上のXYZ空間に配置される複数の球体と、
前記複数の球体の各々を支持して前記基台に立設される複数の支持棒と、
を備え、
前記基台上のXYZ空間には、Z位置の異なる複数の球体が配置され、
前記複数の球体のうち、
Z軸近傍に1つ以上の球体が配置され、
Z位置の異なる複数のX-Y平面ごとに、1つの外周に沿って、複数の外周側球体が配置されている、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1に記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記複数のX-Y平面ごとに配置された外周側の球体が、円筒状に配置されている、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1または2に記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記Z軸近傍に配置された球体が、複数の内周側球体である、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記複数のX-Y平面ごとに、複数の外周側の球体と、1つ以上の内周側の球体が配置されている、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項3または4に記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記内周側の球体と前記Z軸との距離が、前記外周側の球体と前記Z軸との距離の20%以下に設定されている、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記複数の球体の配置範囲は、前記複数のX-Y平面のうちZ位置が最も低いX-Y平面とZ位置が最も高いX-Y平面との間のZ方向の距離が、Z軸からのXY方向の距離よりも大きくなる範囲である、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
X-Y平面ごとの各外周側の球体とZ軸との距離の平均値が前記複数のX-Y平面間で等しくなるように、前記外周側の球体が配置されている、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記複数のX-Y平面は、互いのZ方向の距離が均等に離隔した少なくとも3つのX-Y平面である、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記外周側の球体の配置として、
所定の距離だけZ軸から離間させた2個の球体をZ軸に対して対向配置した組をZ位置の異なる複数のX-Y平面ごとに複数配置することで少なくとも4個がX-Y平面ごとに配置されている、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項9に記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記複数のX-Y平面は、互いのZ方向の距離が均等に離隔した少なくとも3つのX-Y平面であり、
前記複数の球体のうち、2個の球体をZ軸に対して対向配置した組を複数配置することにより前記3つのX-Y平面の各々に配置された球体は、前記3つのX-Y平面が重なる平面視においては、Z軸を中心とした円上に略30度間隔で均等に配置される、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項9または10に記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記複数のX-Y平面ごとに1つ以上の内周側の球体も配置されており、
前記内周側の球体が、対向配置した前記外周側の球体を結ぶ線上に配置されている、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記外周側の球体は、1つのX-Y平面の平面視においてZ軸を中心とした円上に等間隔に配置されている、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記基台が上部に平坦面を有し、前記複数の支持棒の長さの違いにより、Z位置の異なる複数の球体が配置される、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1から13のいずれかに記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記複数の支持棒は、前記複数の支持棒の数に応じて前記基台に形成した穴に挿入される支持棒保持機構を備え、
前記支持棒保持機構は、
前記基台の前記穴に収容され、側面に複数の抜き孔が設けられるとともに、前記支持棒を挿入する空間が設けられた有底の円筒部材と、
中央部に前記支持棒を貫通させる孔が設けられ、外周部に前記円筒部材の開口の内壁に形成された雌ネジと螺合する雄ネジ部が設けられた荷重用ボルトと、
前記円筒部材の前記抜き孔に挿入され、前記円筒部材の底に前記球体を支持する側とは逆の端部が当接した状態の前記支持棒の側面に当接する凸部を有する固定用コマと、
前記円筒部材の前記抜き孔に挿入され、雌ネジと雄ネジの螺合により前記荷重用ボルトを前記円筒部材に対して締結したときに生じる力を、前記支持棒のX-Y平面上の並進方向の自由度を拘束する方向と、前記支持棒をZ軸上の並進方向の自由度を拘束する方向の2方向に伝達する荷重伝達用コマと、
を備える、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項14に記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記円筒部材の前記抜き孔は、前記円筒部材の側面に円筒軸を中心に等間隔に3か所設けられ、
前記抜き孔の2か所には、前記固定用コマが配置され、1か所には前記荷重伝達用コマが配置される、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項14または15に記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記荷重伝達用コマは、互いに傾斜面で接合する3つの楔様部材からなる、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項1から16のいずれかに記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記支持棒の一端には、円錐凹部が設けられ、前記円錐凹部の円錐形斜面に球体を接触させて支持する、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。 - 請求項17に記載の三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物において、
前記支持棒の前記円錐凹部の底には、抜け穴が設けられる、三次元形状測定用X線CT装置の長さ測定誤差評価用器物。
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