WO2018192467A1 - 以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法 - Google Patents

以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018192467A1
WO2018192467A1 PCT/CN2018/083283 CN2018083283W WO2018192467A1 WO 2018192467 A1 WO2018192467 A1 WO 2018192467A1 CN 2018083283 W CN2018083283 W CN 2018083283W WO 2018192467 A1 WO2018192467 A1 WO 2018192467A1
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Prior art keywords
ceramsite
sludge
municipal sludge
sintering
furnace
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PCT/CN2018/083283
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林荣亮
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青岛易生态环保科技有限公司
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Application filed by 青岛易生态环保科技有限公司 filed Critical 青岛易生态环保科技有限公司
Publication of WO2018192467A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018192467A1/zh
Priority to US16/656,600 priority Critical patent/US10894741B2/en

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Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of ceramsite preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing ceramsite using municipal sludge as a raw material.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing ceramsite using municipal sludge as a raw material.
  • the ceramsite prepared by the preparation method has high strength and small bulk density, which not only helps to protect the environment, saves resources, but also meets the requirements of national standards and meets market demand, so that the ceramsite can be better promoted to the market.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for preparing ceramsite using municipal sludge as a raw material is prepared by the following specific steps:
  • the above digestion step is: using an ordinary anaerobic process to remove the biochemical organic matter in the sludge, specifically, the municipal sludge is put into the digester, the facultative bacteria and the anaerobic bacteria are added, and the municipal sludge is added.
  • the biodegradable organic matter is decomposed into carbon dioxide, methane and water;
  • the raw materials are taken: raw sludge 80 ⁇ 120, fly ash 10 ⁇ 20, kaolin 1 ⁇ 5, steelmaking furnace 5 ⁇ 20, zeolite 5 ⁇ 15, hematite 1 ⁇ 5, calcareous shale 5 ⁇ 15, garbage incineration fly ash 5 ⁇ 20, Fe2O30.5 ⁇ 2, waste glass 1 ⁇ 4, calcium carbonate 0.1 ⁇ 2, sodium lauryl sulfate 0.1 ⁇ 2, sodium benzoate 0.1 ⁇ 1.5; [0012] (3) taking the raw materials in step (2), mixing, stirring evenly, the stirred material is put into the granulator to granulate, the particle size is controlled between 15 ⁇ 20mm;
  • the sintering equipment has two furnaces, the temperature provided in the furnace A is 600 ⁇ 800 ° C, the temperature provided by the furnace B is 900 ⁇ 1100 ° C; the preheated material is fired in the furnace A for 3 to 5 minutes. , then quickly transferred to furnace B for 4 to 6 minutes, cooled to room temperature;
  • the waste incineration fly ash is from a municipal solid waste treatment plant.
  • the ceramsite prepared according to the method of the present invention reduces the generation of bulk burned materials, thereby correspondingly reducing the subsequent crushing work and saving energy consumption;
  • the prepared ceramsite has a large cylinder compressive strength and a low bulk density, which significantly improves the quality and performance of the ceramsite.
  • the preparation method of the ceramsite taken from the municipal sludge of a sewage treatment plant in Qingdao is made by the following specific steps: [0026] (1) Drying: Concentration, digestion, mechanical dehydration and drying of municipal sludge, the obtained raw material sludge moisture content is about 23%;
  • the acetogen-producing bacteria agent adjusts the pH of the municipal sludge to about 6.5, and anaerobic treatment at about 37 °C for about 30 hours; wherein 2 liters of methanogen is injected into the municipal sludge, and the acetogen is added to the bacterium. 2 liters, the number of viable bacteria per liter of bacteria is 109-1012 cfu / g;
  • step (3) taking the raw materials in step (2), mixing, stirring evenly, the stirred material is put into the granulator to granulate, the particle size is controlled between 15 ⁇ 20mm;
  • the sintering equipment has two furnaces, the temperature provided in furnace A is 700 ° C, and the temperature provided by furnace B is 1040
  • preheated material is fired in furnace A for 4 minutes, then quickly transferred to furnace B for 5 minutes, cooled to room temperature;
  • Waste incineration fly ash comes from municipal solid waste treatment plants.
  • Comparative Example 1 The proportion by weight of each raw material of the ceramsite is: raw sludge 250, fly ash 15, kaolin
  • Comparative Example 2 The proportion by weight of each raw material of the ceramsite is: raw sludge 20, fly ash 15, kaolin 4 , steelmaking furnace Cheng 8, zeolite 12, hematite 4, calcareous shale 12, waste incineration fly ash 15, Fe203 1, waste glass 2, calcium carbonate 1.5, sodium lauryl sulfate 1.5, sodium benzoate 1.2.
  • Comparative Example 1 the treatment of raw material sludge in Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 1;
  • Comparative Example 3 The step (4) was adjusted to: the granulated pellets were dried at 100 ° C for 1.5 hours, then preheated at 260 ° C for 15 minutes, and then quickly transferred to a sintering apparatus. Medium sintering
  • the sintering apparatus has two furnaces, the temperature provided in the furnace A is 900 ° C, and the temperature provided by the furnace B is 12
  • Comparative Example 4 The granulated pellets were dried at 100 ° C for 1.5 hours, preheated at 260 ° C for 15 minutes, and then quickly transferred to a sintering apparatus for sintering;
  • the sintering apparatus has two furnaces, the temperature provided in the furnace A is 500 ° C, and the temperature provided by the furnace B is 85
  • Comparative Example 1 has a lower cylinder strength than that of Example 1, and the ceramsite is brittle after firing, which is mainly due to a large sludge content. In the process of firing ceramics, there will be more surface cracks and larger internal voids, resulting in lower ceramsite strength;
  • Example 2 Compared with Example 1, the ceramsite bulk density is increased and the cylinder compressive strength is slightly lowered. In the range of sludge values defined by the present invention, the strength and bulk density of the ceramsite are desirable.
  • Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 1, when the temperature is too high, more and more raw material components are melted into a liquid phase and become a glassy substance, which increases the volume shrinkage of the ceramsite, so that the ceramsite surface and The internal density increases, and the water absorption rate decreases. When the temperature exceeds 1050 ° C ⁇ , the gas pressure inside the ceramsite increases due to the late gas production reaction, resulting in volume expansion and density reduction;
  • Comparative Example 4 compared with Example 1, when the temperature is too low, some components in the ball are not completely melted, the internal structure is loose, only a small part forms a glassy state, and the ceramsite has to be inflated to satisfy Two conditions: When the raw material is heated to a high temperature, a viscous glass phase must be formed to seal the gas released from the inside of the raw material; a gaseous phase must be released after the viscous glass phase is formed at a high temperature. Too low a temperature will cause some of the raw materials to fail to reach the glass phase, which will affect the swelling of the ceramsite.
  • the glass body is formed inside the ceramsite as a main body, and a dense structure and a uniformly closed pore structure can be formed, which allows the ceramsite to obtain higher strength;
  • the invention adopts two-stage sintering, preparing the glass state of the raw material to be inflated in low-temperature sintering, so that the liquid phase viscosity in the burning process is moderate, and has a favorable influence on the swelling property of the ceramic granule, and then Rapid high temperature sintering is conducive to the expansion.
  • the calcination temperature in the furnace B increases, more and more raw material components melt into a liquid phase and become a glassy substance, which increases the volume shrinkage of the ceramsite, increases the density of the surface and interior of the ceramsite, and reduces the water absorption rate. When the temperature is too high, it will cause the performance of the ceramsite to decrease.
  • the self-ignition temperature of the sludge ball in the furnace is not easily lost, the temperature itself is rapidly increased, and the peripheral pressure and the organic matter are reduced, and the volume itself is rapidly reduced.
  • the inorganic matter in the ball is in a semi-melted state, between each other. Adhesion occurs, and due to the addition of some excipients in the present invention, the gas is generated during the combustion process, which causes the semi-melt wrapped in the outer layer to expand to form air bubbles, which are mutually present due to the presence of a large amount of air bubbles.
  • Adhesion causes the sludge ball that loses a large amount of material to not collapse, but the volume is reduced compared with the original, and the adhesion between the balls is correspondingly reduced due to the addition of the auxiliary material, thereby reducing the bulk burnt material. The production. Therefore, the corresponding crushing work is correspondingly reduced.
  • the process of the invention adopts segmental calcination, and in the first stage roasting, the pore distribution inside the ceramsite is relatively uniform, and the pores are small and large, mainly due to the liquid phase on the surface of the ceramsite as the firing temperature increases.
  • the surface viscosity of the ceramsite ball is suitable, and the internal organic matter is decomposed into a gas at a high temperature, thereby continuously escaping from the surface of the ceramsite ball to form a hollow porous structure inside the ceramsite.
  • the liquid phase on the surface of the ceramsite infiltrates into the pores of the ceramsite, reducing the size of the pores, and densifying the interior of the ceramsite, thereby increasing the density of the ceramsite particles, when the firing temperature of the ceramsite is Further increase and maintain a certain inter-turn enthalpy, a dense pore structure will be formed inside the material ball, and at the same time, these small holes will connect or collide with each other, thereby forming large pores, which will also cause the bulk density of ceramsite particles to decrease. .
  • the particle size is controlled between 15 ⁇ 20mm;
  • the sintering apparatus has two furnaces, the temperature provided in furnace A is 600 ° C, and the temperature provided by furnace B is 900
  • preheated material is fired in furnace A for 5 minutes, then quickly transferred to furnace B for 6 minutes, cooled to room temperature;
  • Waste incineration fly ash comes from municipal solid waste treatment plants.
  • the ceramsite prepared in Example 2 has high strength, small bulk density and good quality, which is favorable for the market promotion of ceramsite.
  • the raw materials are taken according to the following parts by weight: municipal sludge 120, fly ash 20, kaolin 5, steelmaking furnace 20, zeolite 15, hematite 5, calcareous shale 15. Waste incineration fly ash 20, Fe203 2, waste glass 4, calcium carbonate 2, sodium lauryl sulfate 2, sodium benzoate 1.5;
  • step (3) taking the raw materials in step (2), mixing, stirring evenly, the stirred material is put into the granulator for granulation, the particle size is controlled between 15 ⁇ 20mm; [0081] (4) The granulated pellets are dried at 110 ° C for 1 hour, then preheated at 280 ° C for 10 minutes, and then quickly transferred to a sintering equipment for sintering;
  • the sintering apparatus has two furnaces, the temperature provided in furnace A is 800 ° C, and the temperature provided by furnace B is 1100.
  • preheated material is fired in furnace A for 3 minutes, then quickly transferred to furnace B for 4 minutes, cooled to room temperature;
  • Waste incineration fly ash comes from municipal solid waste treatment plants.
  • the ceramsite prepared in Example 3 has high strength, small bulk density and good quality, which is favorable for the market promotion of ceramsite.

Abstract

以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法，由以下步骤制成：干燥；配料包括污泥、粉煤灰、高岭土、炼钢炉渣、沸石、赤铁矿、钙质页岩、垃圾焚烧飞灰、Fe 2O 3、废玻璃、碳酸钙、十二烷基硫酸钠、苯甲酸钠；将各原料搅拌均匀后投入造粒机中造粒；造粒后的料球颗粒经干燥、预热，然后迅速转移至烧结设备中先进行低温烧结、后进行高温烧结；对大块的烧成物破碎；对破碎后的物料分筛。该方法制备得到的陶粒减少了大块烧成物的产生，从而也相应的减少了后续的破碎工作，节省了能耗；制备得到的陶粒的筒压强度大，堆积密度低。

Description

以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于陶粒制备领域， 具体涉及到一种以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方 法。
背景技术
[0002] 近年来， 随着我国城市的飞速发展， 人口的增多， 城市污泥量明显增加， 对于 城市污泥传统的处理方法是堆肥、 焚化、 填海， 其中的大量有害微生物及重金 属及其沥出物所造成的污染已经引起了人们的关注。 近年来的环保法规对城市 污泥处理已经作出了严格的规定， 如几年前城市污泥可以直接作农业肥料， 由 于污泥中的重金属含量较高， 现在已经禁止污泥作为肥料使用。
[0003] 利用城市污泥生产陶粒是最有效的城市污泥处理方法之一， 不仅有效的解决了 城市污泥的堆放问题， 避免排放不当对环境造成的二次污染， 而且陶粒作为轻 骨料可以用于基础建筑， 也缓解了砂、 石等建材紧张的资源危机， 符合当前国 家固体废弃物资源化利用的政策。
技术问题
[0004] 但是目前污水处理厂的城市污泥中有机质含量过高， 其绝干比重占 70%以上， 单纯使用这种污泥焙烧陶粒在通常情况下是不可行的。 如果生料球处于高温之 下， 首先失去的是占总体积 90%以上的可燃物， 可燃物变成灰烬体积急剧变小 ， 料球失去支撑而瓦解， 粉末状的无机物质在高温下会形成一些微小颗粒或崩 散为粉末， 也有少量小颗粒会破壁相互粘连形成较大颗粒， 但为数不多， 可被 称为澄滓， 这些澄滓具有一定的活性， 理论上可作为生产水泥的填充料， 但因 为原料污泥本身的不稳定， 这些澄滓的活性也极不稳定， 所以很难被采用。
[0005] 将城市污泥制备成陶粒， 焙烧工艺是重要的因素， 不仅决定了焙烧的烧胀过程 ， 而且对于陶粒的微观结构及晶相组成有重要的影响。 除此之外， 陶粒原料成 分、 配比结构也对陶粒的品质影响显著。 中国专利申请号 2011101491242(申请日 为 2011.06.03)的 《城市污水处理厂污泥处置及资源化利用的方法》 公幵了一种城 市污水处理厂污泥处置及资源化利用的方法， 以城市污水处理厂的居民生活污 泥为原料， 经过干燥、 搅拌、 造粒、 烧结、 破碎、 除尘、 粉筛的步骤， 将污泥 烧制为能为人们所利用的陶粒， 由于该方法以单一的城市污泥为原料， 污泥成 分比较单一， 得到的陶粒在性能及其应用方面有一定的局限性。 中国专利申请 号 021149380(申请日为 2002.03.07)的 《一种利用污水处理厂生物污泥烧制粘土陶 粒的方法》 公幵了一种利用污水处理厂生物污泥烧制粘土陶粒的方法， 具体的 原料组分包括粘土、 污水处理厂干生物污泥、 石灰石、 铁粉， 该方法使用了较 多的粘土， 造成资源的浪费。 因此， 需要探索一种将城市污泥和各种辅料相结 合， 辅以特定的生产工艺的制备陶粒的方法， 以得到性能和品质有所改善的适 应不同需求的陶粒， 进而扩大陶粒的应用范围。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0006] 为了解决现有技术的问题， 本发明提供了一种以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备 方法。 该制备方法制得的陶粒强度较高、 堆积密度小， 不仅有利于保护环境， 节约资源， 而且符合国家标准要求， 满足市场需求， 使该陶粒更好的向市场推 广。
[0007] 为了达到上述目的， 本发明提供以下技术方案：
[0008] 以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 由以下具体步骤制成：
[0009] (1)干燥： 对城市污泥浓缩、 消化、 机械脱水、 烘干， 得到含水率为 22〜24%的 原料污泥；
[0010] 以上的消化步骤为， 采用普通厌氧工艺法去除污泥中的易生化的有机物， 具体 为， 将城市污泥投入消化池中， 加入兼性菌和厌氧菌， 将城市污泥中的可生物 降解的有机物分解成二氧化碳、 甲烷和水等物质；
[0011] (2)配料： 按以下的重量份数配比取各原料： 原料污泥 80〜120、 粉煤灰 10〜20 、 高岭土 1〜5、 炼钢炉澄 5〜20、 沸石 5〜15、 赤铁矿 1〜5、 钙质页岩 5〜15、 垃 圾焚烧飞灰 5〜20、 Fe2O30.5〜2、 废玻璃 1〜4、 碳酸钙 0.1〜2、 十二烷基硫酸 钠 0.1〜2、 苯甲酸钠 0.1〜1.5； [0012] (3)取步骤 (2)中的各原料， 混合、 搅拌均匀， 将搅拌后的物料投入造粒机中造 粒， 粒径控制在 15〜20mm之间；
[0013] (4)将造粒后的料球颗粒置于 90-110°C下干燥 1〜2小吋， 再在 220〜280°C预热 10
〜20分钟， 然后迅速转移至烧结设备中烧结；
[0014] 烧结设备中进行两段式烧结， 先低温烧结， 后高温烧结；
[0015] 烧结设备有两个炉膛， 炉膛 A中提供的温度为 600〜800°C， 炉膛 B提供的温度 为 900〜1100°C; 预热后的物料在炉膛 A中烧制 3〜5分钟， 再迅速转移到炉膛 B 中烧制 4〜6分钟， 冷却至室温；
[0016] (5)将冷却后的物料卸下， 并且对大块的烧成物破碎， 使破碎物料的最大粒径控 制在 20〜26mm之间；
[0017] (6)对破碎后的物料分筛， 分筛出粒径为 5〜15mm的陶粒， 15〜26mm的陶粒，
0.5〜5mm的陶砂， 粒径小于 0.5mm的细末。
[0018] 优选地， 垃圾焚烧飞灰来自于城市固体废物处理厂。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0019] 采用上述技术方案， 本发明的有益效果是：
[0020] (1)按照本发明的方法制备得到的陶粒减少了大块烧成物的产生， 从而也相应的 减少了后续的破碎工作， 节省了能耗；
[0021] (2)制备得到的陶粒的筒压强度大， 堆积密度低， 明显改善了陶粒的品质和性能
， 扩大了应用范围， 可更好的向市场推广；
[0022] (3)利用城市污泥、 炼钢炉澄、 垃圾焚烧飞灰、 废玻璃等进行陶粒的制备， 是废 弃物的转化的一种循环利用方式， 有利于保护环境。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0023] 下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明。
[0024] 实施例 1
[0025] 以取自青岛市某污水处理厂的城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 由以下具体 步骤制成： [0026] (1)干燥： 对城市污泥进行浓缩、 消化、 机械脱水、 烘干， 得到的原料污泥含水 率为 23%左右；
[0027] 消化的具体步骤为： 将城市污泥投入至消化池中， 在消化池中加入甲烷菌菌剂
、 产乙酸菌菌剂， 调节城市污泥的 pH为 6.5左右， 于 37°C左右厌氧处理 30小吋左 右； 其中每吨城市污泥中投入甲烷菌剂 2升， 投入产乙酸菌菌剂 2升， 每升菌剂 中， 活菌数量为 109-1012cfu/g;
[0028] (2)配料： 按以下重量份数取各原料原料污泥 100、 粉煤灰 15、 高岭土 4、 炼钢炉 澄 8、 沸石 12、 赤铁矿 4、 钙质页岩 12、 垃圾焚烧飞灰 15、 Fe2031、 废玻璃 2、 碳 酸钙 1.5、 十二烷基硫酸钠 1.5、 苯甲酸钠 1.2;
[0029] (3)取步骤 (2)中的各原料， 混合、 搅拌均匀， 将搅拌后的物料投入造粒机中造 粒， 粒径控制在 15〜20mm之间；
[0030] (4)将造粒后的料球颗粒置于 100°C下干燥 1.5小吋， 再在 260°C预热 15分钟， 然 后迅速转移至烧结设备中烧结；
[0031] 烧结设备有两个炉膛， 炉膛 A中提供的温度为 700°C， 炉膛 B提供的温度为 1040
°C; 预热后的物料在炉膛 A中烧制 4分钟， 再迅速转移到炉膛 B中烧制 5分钟， 冷 却至室温；
[0032] (5)将冷却后的物料卸下， 并且对大块的烧成物破碎， 使破碎物料的最大粒径控 制在 20〜26mm之间；
[0033] (6)对破碎后的物料分筛， 分筛出粒径为 5〜15mm的陶粒， 15〜26mm的陶粒，
0.5〜5mm的陶砂， 粒径小于 0.5mm的细末。
[0034] 垃圾焚烧飞灰来自于城市固体废物处理厂。
[0035] 设置 4组对照例， 分别制备陶粒， 并对陶粒的性质进行比较。
[0036] 对照例 1 : 陶粒的各原料的重量份数配比为： 原料污泥 250、 粉煤灰 15、 高岭土
4、 炼钢炉澄 8、 沸石 12、 赤铁矿 4、 钙质页岩 12、 垃圾焚烧飞灰 15、 Fe2031、 废 玻璃 2、 碳酸钙 1.5、 十二烷基硫酸钠 1.5、 苯甲酸钠 1.2。
[0037] 对照例 1将城市污泥的量调整为较高的比例， 城市污泥的重量百分比约为 82%
， 其他步骤与实施例 1相同。
[0038] 对照例 2: 陶粒的各原料的重量份数配比为： 原料污泥 20、 粉煤灰 15、 高岭土 4 、 炼钢炉澄 8、 沸石 12、 赤铁矿 4、 钙质页岩 12、 垃圾焚烧飞灰 15、 Fe203 1、 废 玻璃 2、 碳酸钙 1.5、 十二烷基硫酸钠 1.5、 苯甲酸钠 1.2。
[0039] 对照例 1、 对照例 2中原料污泥的处理均同实施例 1 ;
[0040] 对照例 2将城市污泥的量调整为较低的比例， 原料污泥的重量百分比约为 27%
， 其他步骤与实施例 1相同。
[0041] 对照例 3: 将步骤 (4)调整为： 将造粒后的料球颗粒置于 100°C下干燥 1.5小吋， 再在 260°C预热 15分钟， 然后迅速转移至烧结设备中烧结；
[0042] 该烧结设备有两个炉膛， 炉膛 A中提供的温度为 900°C， 炉膛 B提供的温度为 12
50°C; 预热后的物料在炉膛 A中烧制 4分钟， 再迅速转移到炉膛 B中烧制 5分钟； 冷却至室温。
[0043] 对照例 3的其他步骤与实施例 1相同。
[0044] 对照例 4: 将造粒后的料球颗粒置于 100°C下干燥 1.5小吋， 再在 260°C预热 15分 钟， 然后迅速转移至烧结设备中烧结；
[0045] 该烧结设备有两个炉膛， 炉膛 A中提供的温度为 500°C， 炉膛 B提供的温度为 85
0°C; 预热后的物料在炉膛 A中烧制 4分钟， 再迅速转移到炉膛 B中烧制 5分钟； 冷却至室温。
[0046] 对照例 4的其他步骤与实施例 1相同。
[0047] 实施例 1与 4组对照例制备得到的陶粒的性能具体如表 1所示：
[0048] 表 1实施例 1与 4组对照例制备得到的陶粒的性能
Figure imgf000006_0001
[0049] 从上表内容可以看出， 污泥量、 烧结温度均对陶粒的性能、 品质产生重要影响 [0050] (1)污泥量的增加或减少， 都会对陶粒的品质产生影响。
[0051] 当污泥的重量含量过多吋， 对照例 1与实施例 1相比， 陶粒的筒压强度较低， 陶 粒烧制后易碎， 这主要是由于污泥含量较大吋， 陶粒烧制的过程中会有较多的 表面裂纹和较大的内部空隙导致陶粒强度降低；
[0052] 当污泥的量减少到一定程度吋， 则会影响陶粒的堆积密度和筒压强度， 对照例
2与实施例 1相比， 陶粒堆积密度增大、 筒压强度略微降低， 在本发明所限定的 污泥数值范围内， 陶粒的强度和堆积密度是较理想的。
[0053] (2)烧结温度对陶粒的品质的影响较显著。
[0054] 对照例 3与实施例 1相比， 当温度过高吋， 越来越多的原料成分熔化为液相并成 为玻璃态的物质， 增加了陶粒体积收缩率， 使得陶粒表面和内部的密度增大， 吸水率降低， 当温度超过 1050°C吋， 由于后期产气反应的发生， 陶粒内部气压增 大， 造成体积膨胀和密度降低；
[0055] 对照例 4与实施例 1相比， 当温度过低吋， 料球中部分组分未完全熔化， 其内部 结构疏松， 仅有少部分形成玻璃态， 而陶粒要烧胀必须满足 2个条件： 原料被加 热到高温吋， 必须生成黏性的玻璃相， 能密封住由原料内部释放的气体； 高温 下生成黏性的玻璃相后必须有气体物质释放。 过低的温度会导致部分原料无法 达到玻璃相， 从而影响陶粒的烧胀。
[0056] 只有当温度保持在一定范围吋， 陶粒内部形成玻璃体为主体， 并能形成致密结 构和均匀封闭的孔结构， 该结构使得陶粒获得较高的强度；
[0057] 本发明通过两段式烧结， 低温烧结中使原料为烧胀形成的玻璃态作准备， 使烧 过程中的液相黏度大小适中， 对陶粒膨胀性能有较有利的影响， 再经过迅速高 温烧结， 有利于烧胀的进行。 随着炉膛 B中焙烧温度的升高， 越来越多的原料成 分熔化成液相并成为玻璃态物质， 增加了陶粒体积收缩率， 使得陶粒表面和内 部的密度增大， 吸水率降低， 当温度过高吋， 反而会导致陶粒的性能下降。
[0058] 采用本发明的技术方案， 制备得到的陶粒具有明显的有益效果：
[0059] (1)减少了大块烧成物的产生， 从而也相应的减少了后续的破碎工作。 [0060] 以城市污泥为原料加入了辅料之后， 制备陶粒， 大块的烧成物较少， 经过实验 发现， 大块烧成物的重量占所得的物料重量的 8%左右， 大大的减少了后续的破 碎工作， 节省了能耗， 分析原因如下：
[0061] 污泥料球在炉膛中自燃温度不易散失， 自身温度迅速提高， 而周边压力和有机 物的减少， 本身体积迅速减小， 此吋料球中的无机物处于半熔化状态， 彼此之 间发生粘连， 而由于本发明中添加了部分辅料， 使得料球在燃烧过程中产生了 一些气体， 这就使包裹在外层的半熔体发生膨胀形成空气泡， 由于大量的空气 泡的存在又互相粘连使失去了大量物质的污泥料球不会崩溃， 只是比原来缩小 了体积， 而又由于辅料的加入， 使料球之间的粘连度相应的减小， 从而减少了 大块烧成物的产生。 因此， 对于后续的破碎工作相应的也减少。
[0062] (2)筒压强度大， 堆积密度低。
[0063] 本发明的工艺采用分段式焙烧， 在第一阶段焙烧吋， 陶粒内部孔隙分布相对均 匀， 孔隙小而多， 主要是由于随着烧制温度的增加， 陶粒表面的液相增多， 陶 粒料球表面粘度适合， 内部有机物在高温下分解为气体， 从而从陶粒料球的表 面不断逸出， 形成陶粒内部中空多孔的结构。 第一阶段的升温过程中， 陶粒表 面的液相渗入陶粒的孔隙内部， 减少了孔隙的大小， 陶粒内部幵始致密化， 从 而使得陶粒颗粒密度增加， 当陶粒的烧制温度进一步升高并保持一定吋间吋， 料球内部就会形成致密小孔结构， 同吋， 这些小孔会互相连通或串通， 进而形 成大的孔隙， 也会导致陶粒颗粒的堆积密度减小。
[0064] 通过表 1中关于陶粒性能的数据可以得出结论： 实施例 1的陶粒强度较高， 堆积 密度小， 不仅符合国家标准要求， 而且满足市场需求， 得到了具有较低堆积密 度性能的陶粒， 可以使该陶粒更好的向市场推广。
本发明的实施方式
[0065] 实施例 2
[0066] 以取自青岛市某污水处理厂的城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 由以下具体 步骤制成：
[0067] (1)干燥： 对城市污泥进行浓缩、 消化、 机械脱水、 烘干， 得到原料污泥的含水 率为 22%左右； 其消化步骤同实施例 1 ;
[0068] (2)配料： 按以下的重量份数配比取各原料： 原料污泥 80、 粉煤灰 10、 高岭土 1
、 炼钢炉澄 5、 沸石 5、 赤铁矿 1、 钙质页岩 5、 垃圾焚烧飞灰 5、 Fe2O3 0.5、 废玻 璃 1、 碳酸钙 0.1、 十二烷基硫酸钠 0.1、 苯甲酸钠 0.1 ;
[0069] (3)将步骤 (2)中的各原料混合、 搅拌均匀， 将搅拌后的物料投入造粒机中造粒
， 粒径控制在 15〜20mm之间；
[0070] (4)将造粒后的料球颗粒置于 90°C下干燥 2小吋， 再在 220°C预热 20分钟， 然后迅 速转移至烧结设备中烧结；
[0071] 烧结设备有两个炉膛， 炉膛 A中提供的温度为 600°C， 炉膛 B提供的温度为 900
°C; 预热后的物料在炉膛 A中烧制 5分钟， 再迅速转移到炉膛 B中烧制 6分钟， 冷 却至室温；
[0072] (5)将冷却后的物料卸下， 并且对大块的烧成物破碎， 使破碎物料的最大粒径控 制在 20〜26mm之间；
[0073] (6)对破碎后的物料分筛， 分筛出粒径为 5〜15mm的陶粒， 15〜26mm的陶粒，
0.5〜5mm的陶砂， 粒径小于 0.5mm的细末。
[0074] 垃圾焚烧飞灰来自于城市固体废物处理厂。
[0075] 实施例 2制备得到的陶粒强度较高， 堆积密度小， 品质好， 有利于陶粒的市场 推广。
[0076] 实施例 3
[0077] 以取自青岛市某污水处理厂的城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 由以下具体 步骤制成：
[0078] (1)干燥： 对城市污泥进行浓缩、 消化、 机械脱水烘干， 得到的原料污泥的含水 率为 24%左右； 其消化步骤同实施例 1 ;
[0079] (2)配料： 按以下重量份数配比取各原料： 城市污泥 120、 粉煤灰 20、 高岭土 5、 炼钢炉澄 20、 沸石 15、 赤铁矿 5、 钙质页岩 15、 垃圾焚烧飞灰 20、 Fe203 2、 废 玻璃 4、 碳酸钙 2、 十二烷基硫酸钠 2、 苯甲酸钠 1.5 ;
[0080] (3)取步骤 (2)中的各原料， 混合、 搅拌均匀， 将搅拌后的物料投入造粒机中造 粒， 粒径控制在 15〜20mm之间； [0081] (4)将造粒后的料球颗粒置于 110°C下干燥 1小吋， 再在 280°C预热 10分钟， 然后 迅速转移至烧结设备中烧结；
[0082] 烧结设备有两个炉膛， 炉膛 A中提供的温度为 800°C， 炉膛 B提供的温度为 1100
°C; 预热后的物料在炉膛 A中烧制 3分钟， 再迅速转移到炉膛 B中烧制 4分钟， 冷 却至室温；
[0083] (5)将冷却后的物料卸下， 并且对大块的烧成物破碎， 使破碎物料的最大粒径控 制在 20〜26mm之间；
[0084] (6)对破碎后的物料分筛， 分筛出粒径为 5〜15mm的陶粒， 15〜26mm的陶粒，
0.5〜5mm的陶砂， 粒径小于 0.5mm的细末。
[0085] 垃圾焚烧飞灰来自于城市固体废物处理厂。
[0086] 实施例 3制备得到的陶粒强度较高， 堆积密度小， 品质好， 有利于陶粒的市场 推广。
[0087] 上述虽然结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述， 但并非对本发明保 护范围的限制， 所属领域技术人员应该明白， 在本发明的技术方案的基础上， 本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明 的保护范围以内。

Claims

权利要求书 [权利要求 1] 以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 其特征是， 由以下具体步骤制 成：
(1)干燥： 对城市污泥浓缩、 消化、 机械脱水、 烘干， 得到原料污泥
； 消化步骤为， 采用普通厌氧工艺法去除污泥中的易生化的有机物；
(2)配料： 按以下重量份数配比取各原料： 原料污泥 80〜120、 粉煤灰 10〜20、 高岭土 1〜5、 炼钢炉澄 10〜20、 沸石 5〜15、 赤铁矿 1〜5、 钙质页岩 5〜15、 垃圾焚烧飞灰 5〜20、 Fe2O30.5〜2、 废玻璃 1〜4、 碳酸钙 0.1〜2、 十二烷基硫酸钠 0.1〜2、 苯甲酸钠 0.1〜1.5； (3)取步 骤 (2)中的各原料， 混合、 搅拌均匀， 将搅拌后的物料投入造粒机中 造粒， 粒径控制在 15〜20mm;
(4)将造粒后的料球颗粒置于 90-110°C下干燥 1〜2小吋， 再在 220〜280 °C预热 10〜20分钟， 然后迅速转移至烧结设备中烧结；
(5)将冷却后的物料卸下， 并且对大块的烧成物破碎， 使破碎物料的 最大粒径控制在 20〜26mm之间；
(6)对破碎后的物料分筛， 分筛出粒径为 5〜15mm的陶粒， 15〜26mm 的陶粒， 0.5〜5mm的陶砂， 粒径小于 0.5mm的细末。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 其特征 是， 所述步骤（1)的干燥后的原料污泥的含水率为 22〜24%。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 其特征 是， 所述步骤 (4)的烧结设备中进行两段式烧结， 先低温烧结， 后高 温烧结。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1或 3所述的以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 其特 征是， 所述步骤 (4)的烧结设备有两个炉膛， 炉膛 A中提供的温度为 60 0〜800°C， 炉膛 B提供的温度为 900〜1100°C; 预热后的物料在炉膛 A 中烧制 3〜5分钟， 再迅速转移到炉膛 B中烧制 4〜6分钟， 冷却至室温
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 其特征 是， 所述步骤 (2)的垃圾焚烧飞灰来自于城市固体废物处理厂。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1所述的以城市污泥为原料的陶粒的制备方法， 其特征 是， 所述步骤 (1)的消化步骤为， 将城市污泥投入消化池中， 加入兼 性菌和厌氧菌， 将城市污泥中的可生物降解的有机物分解成二氧化碳
、 甲烷和水。
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CN110818439A (zh) * 2019-09-09 2020-02-21 三河市纳诺科斯机电产品制造有限公司 一种利用建筑垃圾制备建筑陶粒的方法
CN110615689A (zh) * 2019-10-24 2019-12-27 兖矿集团有限公司 一种煤基固废轻质高强度陶粒及其制备方法
CN112759365A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-07 湖北聚海环境科技有限公司 一种污泥协同工业尾矿制备轻质厨卫填料的方法
CN112745136A (zh) * 2021-01-13 2021-05-04 华中科技大学 一种基于生物质微米燃料的外热式轻质污泥陶粒烧制方法
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CN114671665A (zh) * 2022-04-19 2022-06-28 四川怡和盛达环保科技有限责任公司 一种利用污泥生产陶粒砂的方法
CN114751722A (zh) * 2022-04-27 2022-07-15 大唐同舟科技有限公司 一种固废协同利用制备陶粒滤料的方法
CN115215678A (zh) * 2022-05-19 2022-10-21 湖北省长江资源循环利用及装备创新中心有限公司 一种浮选磷石膏产物有机渣粘土轻质陶粒及其制备方法
CN115215678B (zh) * 2022-05-19 2023-07-25 湖北省长江资源循环利用及装备创新中心有限公司 一种浮选磷石膏产物有机渣粘土轻质陶粒及其制备方法
CN115259885A (zh) * 2022-08-11 2022-11-01 镇江市雅盛节能环保材料有限公司 一种铝土尾矿烧结陶粒及其制备方法
CN115259885B (zh) * 2022-08-11 2023-08-01 镇江市雅盛节能环保材料有限公司 一种铝土尾矿烧结陶粒及其制备方法
CN115490555A (zh) * 2022-10-22 2022-12-20 河北浦森农业科技有限公司 一种由市政污泥制备而来的园林用土
CN115490555B (zh) * 2022-10-22 2024-02-23 河北浦森农业科技有限公司 一种由市政污泥制备而来的园林用土
CN115849943A (zh) * 2022-12-13 2023-03-28 昆明理工大学 一种陶粒的合成方法

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