WO2018186074A1 - サスペンションブッシュ - Google Patents
サスペンションブッシュ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018186074A1 WO2018186074A1 PCT/JP2018/007956 JP2018007956W WO2018186074A1 WO 2018186074 A1 WO2018186074 A1 WO 2018186074A1 JP 2018007956 W JP2018007956 W JP 2018007956W WO 2018186074 A1 WO2018186074 A1 WO 2018186074A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flange portion
- elastic
- bush
- suspension
- outer cylinder
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
- B60G7/02—Attaching arms to sprung part of vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G9/00—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels
- B60G9/04—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels the axle or housing not being pivotally mounted on the vehicle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
- F16F1/387—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type comprising means for modifying the rigidity in particular directions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a suspension bush applied to a vehicle suspension device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a suspension bush including a cylindrical resin-made outer cylinder, a rigid inner cylinder, and a rubber elastic body that elastically connects these outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. Has been.
- the flange portion of the outer cylinder has substantially V-shaped and concave engaging portions from the outer peripheral end toward the radially inner side at two positions separated by 180 degrees along the circumferential direction. Is provided.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and is a suspension that can maintain the desired rigidity in the vertical direction while suppressing the occurrence of abnormal noise during stick-slip and harmonize the two.
- the purpose is to provide a bush.
- the present invention includes an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder disposed outside the inner cylinder, and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder interposed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.
- An elastic body that elastically connects the outer cylinder, and a suspension bush disposed between the trailing arm of the suspension and the vehicle body, and at one end along the axial direction of the outer cylinder, A flange portion that protrudes outward in the radial direction is provided, and an elastic flange portion that overlaps the flange portion is provided at one end portion along the axial direction of the elastic body, and the elastic flange portion in the vehicle front-rear direction is provided.
- a notch portion is provided on the vehicle front side, and the notch portion is provided with an inclined surface portion having an inclined surface falling from the upper surface of the elastic flange portion farthest from the flange portion toward the flange portion. It is characterized by
- (A) is the bottom view which looked at the state which applied the trailing bush concerning the embodiment of the present invention to a rear suspension device from the bottom of vehicles, and (b) is a perspective view of the rear suspension device shown in (a). is there. It is a perspective view of the trailing bush concerning the embodiment of the present invention.
- (A) is an arrow view seen from the arrow Z direction of FIG. 2
- (b) is a schematic structure sectional drawing along the III-III line of (a).
- (A) is the partial expanded side view of the A section shown to Fig.3 (a)
- (b) is the partial expanded sectional view of the B section shown in FIG.3 (b).
- FIG.4 shows the trailing bush which concerns on a modification
- (a) is the partial expanded side view corresponding to Fig.4 (a)
- (b) is FIG.4 (b).
- (A) is a no-load state in which a lateral force is not applied to the trailing bush
- (b) is a state in which a lateral force is applied to the trailing bush and is in contact with the support wall of the bracket
- (c) is It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which the lateral force was provided to the trailing bush and the elastic flange part deform
- (A)-(c) is sectional drawing which showed typically the modification of the elastic flange part.
- (A) is the cross-sectional schematic diagram of the elastic flange part of the trailing bush which concerns on the comparative example 1 which the present applicant devised
- (b) is the trailing bush which concerns on the comparative example 2 which the present applicant devised. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an elastic flange part.
- FIG. 1A is a bottom view of a state in which a trailing bush according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a rear suspension device
- FIG. 1B is a rear view shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of a suspension device.
- front and rear indicates the vehicle longitudinal direction
- left and right indicates the vehicle width direction (left and right direction)
- up and down indicates the vertical vertical direction.
- the rear suspension device 10 is disposed with respect to the left rear wheel 12 and the right rear wheel 12 (hereinafter also referred to as wheels 12), and the left and right rear wheels 12 are arranged. , 12 are each configured as a suspension suspension that supports the rotational opening ability.
- the rear suspension device 10 is configured as an H-type torsion beam suspension.
- the left and right rear wheels 12 and 12 are respectively arranged so that rear suspension devices 10 and 10 having the same configuration are in symmetrical positions.
- Each rear suspension device 10 includes a pair of left and right trailing arms 14 and a torsion beam 16.
- Each trailing arm 14 rotatably supports the wheel 12 via an axle (not shown) and is rotatably connected to the vehicle body.
- the torsion beam 16 extends along the vehicle width direction and includes an intermediate portion of the trailing arm 14 disposed on the left rear wheel 12 side and an intermediate portion of the trailing arm 14 disposed on the right rear wheel 12 side. It is connected.
- the left and right rear wheels 12 and 12 are suspended via a torsion beam 16.
- the trailing arm 14 extends substantially in the vehicle front-rear direction, and a front arm 14 a positioned in front of the vehicle with respect to the torsion beam 16 and a rear arm 14 b positioned in the rear of the vehicle with respect to the torsion beam 16 are integrally configured. Has been.
- a bracket 18 for connecting the trailing arm 14 to a vehicle body (not shown) (for example, a rear side frame) is connected to the front end portion of the front arm 14a.
- a trailing bush (suspension bush, compliance bush) 20 that rotatably supports the trailing arm 14 is mounted on the bracket 18 via a support shaft 22.
- the trailing bush 20 supports the trailing arm 14 so that the trailing arm 14 can be rotated and displaced about the axis of the support shaft 22 as a rotation center, and also supports the displacement along the axial direction of the support shaft 22.
- a coil spring (suspension spring) 26 supported via the seat portion 24 and a damper 28 supported via a bush (not shown) are separately arranged on the rear arm 14b.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the trailing bush according to the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3A is an arrow view seen from the direction of arrow Z in FIG. 2
- FIG. 3B is FIG.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a partially enlarged side view of part A shown in FIG. 3 (a)
- FIG. 4 (b) is a view shown in FIG. 3 (b). It is a partial expanded sectional view of a part.
- the trailing bush 20 includes an outer cylinder 30, an inner cylinder 32, and an elastic body 34.
- the outer cylinder 30 is made of a metal steel pipe member having a cylindrical shape.
- a flange portion 36 is integrally formed at one end portion along the axial direction of the outer cylinder 30.
- the flange portion 36 is formed of an annular body along the circumferential direction and protrudes outward in the radial direction.
- the inner cylinder 32 (core member) is disposed on the radially inner side of the outer cylinder 30 and is formed of a metal steel pipe member having a through hole 37 along the axial direction.
- the length of the both ends along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 32 is provided longer than the length of the both ends along the axial direction of an outer cylinder (refer FIG.3 (b)).
- the elastic body 34 is interposed between the outer cylinder 30 and the inner cylinder 32, and elastically connects the outer cylinder 30 and the inner cylinder 32.
- the support shaft 22 (see FIG. 1B) is inserted through the through hole 37 of the inner cylinder 32.
- the elastic body 34 is vulcanized and bonded between the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 30 and the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 32, so that the elastic body 34 is integrated and elastic with the outer cylinder 30 and the inner cylinder 32.
- the outer cylinder 30 and the inner cylinder 32 are not limited to being made of metal, and one or both of them may be formed of, for example, a hard resin.
- An elastic flange portion 38 that bulges outward in the radial direction is provided at one end portion along the axial direction of the elastic body 34.
- the elastic flange portion 38 is provided so as to overlap with the flange portion 36 of the outer cylinder 30 in the axial direction (see FIG. 3B).
- An annular recess 40 having a smaller diameter than the elastic flange portion 38 is formed on the inner diameter side of the elastic flange portion 38.
- the elastic flange portion 38 is formed of an annular body along the circumferential direction, like the flange portion 36 of the outer cylinder 30.
- a cutout portion 42 is provided on the front side of the elastic flange portion 38 along the vehicle front-rear direction (see FIGS. 1B, 2, 4A, and 4B).
- the cutout portion 42 is provided only at one position closest to the vehicle front side when the trailing bush 20 is assembled to the vehicle.
- the mounting direction of the trailing bush 20 becomes clear with reference to the single notch 42 as compared with the case where a plurality of notches 42 are provided, and the trailing bush with respect to the rear suspension device 10 is defined. Incorrect assembly at the time of 20 assembly can be prevented.
- the cutout portion 42 includes an inclined surface portion 44 and a step portion 46.
- the inclined surface portion 44 includes an upper surface 48 in which the height dimension of the elastic flange portion 38 (the dimension along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 32) is the largest, and from the upper surface 48 toward the flange section 36 side of the outer cylinder 30. It is formed with an inclined surface 50 that is inclined so as to fall.
- the skirt portion of the inclined surface 50 is formed continuously with the stepped portion 46 having a substantially constant height dimension.
- the inclined surface portion 44 gradually expands from the inner diameter intermediate portion 52 of the elastic flange portion 38 toward the outer diameter side. Is formed.
- the elastic body 34 is provided with a main liquid chamber and a sub liquid chamber (not shown) filled with hydraulic fluid, and an orifice for communicating the main liquid chamber and the sub liquid chamber to constitute a liquid seal bush. You may do it.
- the bracket 18 includes a bracket body 54 and a pair of support walls 56 and 56.
- the bracket body 54 is formed in a substantially triangular flat plate shape when viewed from the bottom (see FIG. 1A).
- the pair of support walls 56, 56 have support holes for supporting the support shaft 22, rise upward from the bracket body 54, are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and face each other substantially in parallel.
- a mounting portion 60 having a mounting hole 58 through which a bolt (not shown) can be inserted is provided at the peripheral edge of the bracket body 54.
- the trailing bush 20 is assembled to the bracket 18 via the support shaft 22 in a state where the elastic flange portion 38 having the notch portion 42 and the flange portion 36 of the outer cylinder 30 are directed inward in the vehicle width direction. ing.
- FIG. 5 (a) and 5 (b) show a trailing bush according to a modified example.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a partially enlarged side view corresponding to FIG. 4 (a)
- FIG. 4B is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG.
- the vertical rigidity can be adjusted by changing the thickness dimension (height dimension) H2.
- the thickness dimension from the upper surface of the flange portion 36 to the upper surface of the stepped portion 46 is increased to increase the thickness dimension (H2A).
- FIG. 4 (b) ⁇ H2B (FIG. 5 (b)) can further improve the rigidity in the vertical direction, and the thickness from the upper surface of the flange portion 36 to the upper surface of the stepped portion 46 is increased.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the inclined surface 50 of the inclined surface portion 44 with respect to the upper surface of the stepped portion 46 becomes smaller ( ⁇ 1 (FIG. 4B))> ⁇ 2 (FIG. 5B )).
- the rear suspension device 10 incorporating the trailing bush 20 according to the present embodiment is basically configured as described above. Next, the function and effect will be described.
- FIG. 6A shows a no-load state where no lateral force is applied to the trailing bush
- FIG. 6B shows a state where the lateral force is applied to the trailing bush and abuts against the support wall of the bracket.
- 6 (c) is an explanatory view showing a state where a lateral force is applied to the trailing bush and the elastic flange portion is further deformed.
- an inward load in the vehicle width direction is input to the trailing bush 20 that supports the suspension arm on the vehicle body.
- the inward load in the vehicle width direction is a portion of the elastic flange portion 38 that is located most rearward in the vehicle front-rear direction (a portion that is symmetrical with the notch portion 42 and 180 ° apart from the notch portion 42 in the circumferential direction). To concentrate on).
- the elastic flange portion 38 and the flange portion 36 are integrally displaced along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 32 by elastic deformation of the elastic body 34, and the upper surface 48 of the elastic flange portion 38 is a bracket that is a counterpart member.
- 18 support walls 56 (of the pair of support walls 56, 56, the support wall 56 disposed on the inner side in the vehicle width direction) (see FIG. 6B).
- a part of the inclined surface portion 44 that contacts the support wall 56 of the bracket 18 is elastically deformed and contacted (see FIG. 6C).
- FIG. 8A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an elastic flange portion of a trailing bush according to Comparative Example 1 devised by the present applicant, and FIG. 8B is according to Comparative Example 2 devised by the present applicant. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the elastic flange part of a trailing bush.
- Comparative Example 2 devised by the present applicant shows a case where the contact area between the elastic flange portion 102 and the support wall 56 of the bracket 18 is reduced to one third.
- the elastic flange portion 38b is elastically deformed as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 8B, and thus there is a problem that the rigidity in the vertical direction of the elastic flange portion 38b is lowered.
- the contact area of the elastic flange portion 38 with respect to the support wall 56 of the bracket 18 that is the counterpart member can be reduced as compared with the first comparative example.
- the stepped portion 46 it is possible to ensure desired rigidity in the vertical direction as compared with the second comparative example.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are cross-sectional views schematically showing modified examples of the elastic flange portion.
- the cross section is constituted only by the inclined surface portion 44, and is formed in a shape that does not correspond to the stepped portion 46 in FIG. 7B.
- the elastic flange part 38a shown by Fig.7 (a) it is rigidly supported by the lower part side of the inclined surface part 44 from which the cross section gradually becomes wide toward the flange part 36 from the upper surface 48 of the inclined surface part 44.
- the cross section is constituted by a composite shape in which the inclined surface portion 44 and the stepped portion 46 are combined.
- the inclined surface portion 44 is rigidly supported by the step portion 46.
- the cross section of the elastic flange portion 38c is further inclined to the opposite side of the stepped portion 46 straddling the inclined surface portion 44 with respect to the cross sectional shape of FIG.
- the surface portion 44a is configured to have a shape added thereto.
- the inclined surface portion 44 is rigidly supported by the cooperative action of the step portion 46 on one side and the other inclined surface portion 44a facing each other across the inclined surface portion 44. Has been.
- Rear suspension device (suspension) 14 Trailing arm 20 Trailing bush (suspension bush) 30 Outer cylinder 32 Inner cylinder 34 Elastic body 36 Flange portion 38, 38a to 38c Elastic flange portion 42 Notch portion 44, 44a Inclined surface portion 46 Stepped portion 48 Upper surface 50 Inclined surface
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1(a)は、本発明の実施形態に係るトレーリングブッシュをリヤサスペンション装置に適用した状態を車両の真下から見た底面図、図1(b)は、図1(a)に示すリヤサスペンション装置の斜視図である。なお、各図中において、「前後」は、車両前後方向、「左右」は、車幅方向(左右方向)、「上下」は、鉛直上下方向をそれぞれ示している。
図7(a)に示される弾性フランジ部38aでは、その断面が、傾斜面部44のみによって構成され、図7(b)の段差部46に対応するものが無い形状で構成されている。なお、図7(a)に示される弾性フランジ部38aでは、傾斜面部44の上面48からフランジ部36に向かって断面が徐々に幅広となる傾斜面部44の下部側によって剛性支持されている。
14 トレーリングアーム
20 トレーリングブッシュ(サスペンションブッシュ)
30 外筒
32 内筒
34 弾性体
36 フランジ部
38、38a~38c 弾性フランジ部
42 切欠部
44、44a 傾斜面部
46 段差部
48 上面
50 傾斜面
Claims (4)
- 内筒と、
前記内筒の外側に配置される外筒と、
前記内筒と前記外筒との間に介装されて前記内筒と前記外筒とを弾性的に連結する弾性体と、
を備え、サスペンションのトレーリングアームと車体との間に配置されるサスペンションブッシュであって、
前記外筒の軸方向に沿った一端部には、径方向外側に向けて突出するフランジ部が設けられ、
前記弾性体の軸方向に沿った一端部には、前記フランジ部と重畳する弾性フランジ部が設けられ、
前記弾性フランジ部の車両前後方向の車両前方側には、切欠部が設けられ、
前記切欠部には、前記フランジ部から最も離間する前記弾性フランジ部の上面から前記フランジ部に向かって立ち下がる傾斜面を有する傾斜面部が設けられていることを特徴とするサスペンションブッシュ。 - 請求項1記載のサスペンションブッシュにおいて、
前記傾斜面部の裾部には、前記傾斜面部に連続する段差部が設けられていることを特徴とするサスペンションブッシュ。 - 請求項1記載のサスペンションブッシュにおいて、
前記切欠部は、前記弾性フランジ部において1箇所だけ配置されていることを特徴とするサスペンションブッシュ。 - 請求項2記載のサスペンションブッシュにおいて、
前記切欠部は、前記弾性フランジ部において1箇所だけ配置されていることを特徴とするサスペンションブッシュ。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019511100A JP6767571B2 (ja) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-03-02 | サスペンションブッシュ |
MYPI2019005821A MY188317A (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-03-02 | Suspension bush |
BR112019020383A BR112019020383A2 (pt) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-03-02 | bucha de suspensão |
CN201880023719.3A CN110494668B (zh) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-03-02 | 悬架衬套 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2017073421 | 2017-04-03 | ||
JP2017-073421 | 2017-04-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2018186074A1 true WO2018186074A1 (ja) | 2018-10-11 |
Family
ID=63712592
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2018/007956 WO2018186074A1 (ja) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-03-02 | サスペンションブッシュ |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JP6767571B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN110494668B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112019020383A2 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY188317A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2018186074A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010216513A (ja) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-30 | Toyo Tire & Rubber Co Ltd | 防振装置 |
JP5119110B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-27 | 2013-01-16 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | 防振ゴムブッシュ |
JP2016065594A (ja) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-28 | 住友理工株式会社 | 筒型防振装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102109023A (zh) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-06-29 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | 一种可压出式橡胶衬套结构 |
CN204488407U (zh) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-07-22 | 北京汽车股份有限公司 | 一种衬套、悬架连杆、悬架系统及车辆 |
-
2018
- 2018-03-02 WO PCT/JP2018/007956 patent/WO2018186074A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2018-03-02 CN CN201880023719.3A patent/CN110494668B/zh active Active
- 2018-03-02 JP JP2019511100A patent/JP6767571B2/ja active Active
- 2018-03-02 BR BR112019020383A patent/BR112019020383A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2018-03-02 MY MYPI2019005821A patent/MY188317A/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5119110B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-27 | 2013-01-16 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | 防振ゴムブッシュ |
JP2010216513A (ja) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-30 | Toyo Tire & Rubber Co Ltd | 防振装置 |
JP2016065594A (ja) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-28 | 住友理工株式会社 | 筒型防振装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2018186074A1 (ja) | 2019-12-12 |
BR112019020383A2 (pt) | 2020-04-28 |
CN110494668B (zh) | 2021-04-23 |
CN110494668A (zh) | 2019-11-22 |
MY188317A (en) | 2021-11-29 |
JP6767571B2 (ja) | 2020-10-14 |
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