WO2018181963A1 - リポソーム組成物および医薬組成物 - Google Patents
リポソーム組成物および医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018181963A1 WO2018181963A1 PCT/JP2018/013783 JP2018013783W WO2018181963A1 WO 2018181963 A1 WO2018181963 A1 WO 2018181963A1 JP 2018013783 W JP2018013783 W JP 2018013783W WO 2018181963 A1 WO2018181963 A1 WO 2018181963A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liposome
- aqueous phase
- drug
- liposome composition
- composition according
- Prior art date
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- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
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- A61K9/127—Liposomes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
- A61K9/1271—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers
- A61K9/1272—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers with substantial amounts of non-phosphatidyl, i.e. non-acylglycerophosphate, surfactants as bilayer-forming substances, e.g. cationic lipids
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- A61K9/1271—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
- A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
- A61K31/704—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
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- A61K33/02—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/28—Steroids, e.g. cholesterol, bile acids or glycyrrhetinic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liposome composition and a pharmaceutical composition exhibiting high blood retention.
- a liposome composition as a pharmaceutical composition, a drug is encapsulated in a liposome composed of a lipid membrane.
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 describe liposomes in which topotecan is encapsulated in liposomes containing sphingomyelin and cholesterol.
- Patent Document 2 describes a liposome in which topotecan is encapsulated in a liposome containing dihydrosphingomyelin and cholesterol.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a liposomal camptothecin preparation adapted to enhance the stability of camptothecin, wherein (a) camptothecin encapsulated in the liposome, (b) outside the liposome, pH less than 4.5 or A formulation comprising a first solution that is 5 and (c) a second solution that is inside a liposome is described. It is also described that the liposome contains dihydrosphingomyelin and cholesterol.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a system for effectively filling an amphipathic drug into liposomes, in which a liposome suspension is prepared in the presence of an ammonium compound or an ammonium salt, and the suspension is diluted with a buffer or a salt. And providing an ammonium gradient from the inner side to the outer side between the inner aqueous phase and the outer aqueous phase, and a pH gradient such that the pH inside the liposome is more acidic than the outside pH, The system is described.
- Patent Document 5 describes a liposome in which topotecan is encapsulated in a liposome containing purified hydrogenated soybean phospholipid or sphingomyelin, cholesterol and a hydrophilic polymer derivative lipid in the presence of ammonium sulfate.
- topotecan is encapsulated in liposomes containing sphingomyelin or dihydrosphingomyelin to suppress the outflow of topotecan in the blood, and AUC (Area Under) It is described that the drug effect is improved by improving the blood concentration-time curve (the area under the blood concentration-time curve).
- AUC Absolute Under
- topotecan when topotecan leaks from the inner aqueous phase of the liposome to the outer aqueous phase and is exposed to neutral conditions, topotecan changes to an analog. Specifically, an N—N ⁇ ⁇ bis adduct (topotecanamine dimer) having extremely low solubility may precipitate and precipitate as crystals. Ultimately, many insoluble particulates are produced that deviate from the safety and quality standards set forth by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Agency (PMDA), and European Medicines Agency (EMEA). It is not preferable. In order to suppress the generation of such insoluble fine particles, in Patent Document 3, the pH of the outer aqueous phase is set to an acidic condition.
- FDA US Food and Drug Administration
- PMDA Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Agency
- EMEA European Medicines Agency
- the present inventors have used diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols modified with a hydrophilic polymer as constituents of the liposome membrane.
- the phase contains ammonium sulfate and that the molar ratio of the inner aqueous phase sulfate ion to the total aqueous phase drug is 0.36 or more can provide a liposome composition that solves the above problems. It came.
- a liposome composition comprising diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols modified with a hydrophilic polymer as a component of the liposome membrane, the liposome composition encapsulating a drug, and the inner aqueous phase is ammonium sulfate
- a liposome composition having a molar ratio of inner aqueous phase sulfate ion to total aqueous phase drug of 0.36 or more.
- the ratio of sulfate ions contained in the inner aqueous phase of the liposome to sulfate ions in the entire liposome composition is at least 80%, and the ratio of the drug contained in the inner aqueous phase of the liposome to the drug in the entire liposome composition is at least 80%.
- the release rate of the drug from the liposome in plasma with an ammonium concentration of 1 mmol / L or less is 20% / 24 hours or less at 37 ° C.
- the release rate of the drug from the liposome in plasma with an ammonium concentration of 4-6 mmol / L is The liposome composition according to [9], which is 60% / 24 hours or more at 37 ° C.
- the number of particles exceeding 10 ⁇ m contained per 1 ⁇ mol of lipid in the liposome composition after storage at 5 ° C. for one month is 15 or less, and the number of particles exceeding 25 ⁇ m contained per 1 ⁇ mol of lipid in the liposome composition is 15 or less.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the liposome composition according to any one of [12]. [14] The pharmaceutical composition according to [13], which is an anticancer agent. [15] A liposome composition containing diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols modified with a hydrophilic polymer as components of the liposome membrane, the liposome composition encapsulating a drug, and the inner aqueous phase is ammonium A liposome composition comprising a salt, wherein the dihydrosphingomyelin is a dihydrosphingomyelin having a long-chain alkyl group having 16 and 18 carbon atoms.
- a liposome composition comprising diacylphosphatidylethanolamine modified with a hydrophilic polymer, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols as constituents of a liposome membrane, wherein the liposome composition encapsulates a drug
- a method for treating a disease comprising administering to a subject a liposome composition wherein the phase comprises ammonium sulfate and the molar ratio of the inner aqueous phase sulfate ion to the total aqueous phase drug is 0.36 or more.
- Liposome composition comprising diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols modified with a hydrophilic polymer as components of the liposome membrane for use in the treatment of diseases (preferably cancer)
- the liposome composition contains a drug, the inner aqueous phase contains ammonium sulfate, and the molar ratio of the inner aqueous phase sulfate ion to the total aqueous phase drug is 0.36 or more.
- a liposome composition comprising diacylphosphatidylethanolamine modified with a hydrophilic polymer, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols for producing a pharmaceutical composition, wherein the liposome composition encapsulates a drug,
- the liposome composition encapsulates a drug
- Use of a liposome composition, wherein the inner aqueous phase contains ammonium sulfate and the molar ratio of inner aqueous phase sulfate ions to the total aqueous phase drug is 0.36 or more.
- the liposome composition and pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can exhibit high AUC.
- FIG. 1 shows the measurement results of body weight in a drug efficacy test using an A549 subcutaneously transplanted mouse model.
- FIG. 2 shows the measurement results of body weight in a drug efficacy test using an A549 subcutaneously transplanted mouse model.
- FIG. 3 shows the measurement results of tumor volume in a drug efficacy test using an A549 subcutaneously transplanted mouse model.
- FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of tumor volume in a drug efficacy test using an A549 subcutaneously transplanted mouse model.
- FIG. 5 shows the AUC value for each cholesterol level.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of measuring the dependency of ammonium ions on the release rate.
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the amount of each component in the composition means the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless there is a specific notice when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition. To do.
- Retention in blood means a property in which a drug encapsulated in liposomes is present in blood in a subject administered with a liposome composition.
- the “average particle size of liposome” means a cumulant average particle size measured using a dynamic light scattering method unless otherwise specified.
- Examples of commercially available measuring apparatuses using dynamic light scattering include a dense particle analyzer FPAR-1000 (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.), Nanotrack UPA (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.), and nanosizer (manufactured by Malvern). It is also possible to calculate the volume average particle diameter and the number average particle diameter of the liposome by a conversion formula specific to each manufacturer's measuring apparatus. In order to measure particles near 100 nm, the static light scattering method or the like cannot accurately grasp the particle distribution, and measurement by the dynamic light scattering method is preferable.
- “Insoluble microparticles” are items set as safety and quality standards by regulatory authorities such as PMDA, FDA, EMEA in pharmaceutical compositions for systemic administration such as intravenous injections.
- PMDA light-shielding particle counting method
- the particle size contained in one drug vial of a product with a displayed amount of less than 100 mL is insoluble with a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more. It is required that the number of fine particles is 6000 or less and the number of insoluble fine particles having a particle size of 25 ⁇ m or more is 600 or less.
- the second method microscopic particle counting method
- the insoluble fine particles are defined only by the size of the particles, regardless of the component of the particles.
- the insoluble fine particles may be aggregates of the liposomes themselves, or the drug components leaked from the inside of the liposomes. Aggregation and precipitation may be sufficient, and aggregation and precipitation of the component of a liposome outer water phase may be sufficient.
- the liposome encapsulating topotecan in the present invention is known to be a precipitate formed by the encapsulation of topotecan leaking out of the liposome and decomposing into a degradation product with low solubility. It has been.
- a light shielding particle counting method particle counter, for example, HIAC 9703+ manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc., Accusizer A2000USP manufactured by Particle Sizing Systems, Inc.
- a microscopic particle counting method in which the magnified image is visually observed and counted.
- a liposome pharmaceutical composition particularly an injectable preparation, as defined in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia ⁇ 6.07> insoluble fine particle test method for injectables
- 6000 particles having a particle size exceeding 10 ⁇ m are included in the pharmaceutical composition when used.
- the number of particles having a particle size exceeding 25 ⁇ m is preferably 600 or less.
- insoluble fine particles In injectable preparations of liposomal pharmaceutical compositions, the cause of insoluble fine particles is mostly due to aggregation, coalescence, and decomposition of liposome particle components that occur during storage, but is not limited thereto. There is a tendency that insoluble fine particles are generated depending on the amount of lipid which is a main material constituting the liposome. For example, when considering a pharmaceutical composition containing 2 mL of a liposome composition having a lipid concentration of 20 mmol / L, 150 particles or less with a particle size exceeding 10 ⁇ m per 1 mol of lipid, and 15 particles or less with a particle size exceeding 25 ⁇ m.
- the liposome composition of the present invention it is preferable that after storage for 1 month at 5 ° C., 150 particles or less having a particle size exceeding 10 ⁇ m per 1 mol of lipid and 15 or less particles having a particle size exceeding 25 ⁇ m. . More preferably, after storage for 1 month at 5 ° C., 75 particles or less with a particle size exceeding 10 ⁇ m per 1 mol of lipid and 7.5 particles or less with a particle size exceeding 25 ⁇ m.
- coarse particles having a particle size exceeding 10 ⁇ m often increase due to deterioration over time during storage, and preferably satisfy the above number even after storage for 3 months, and satisfy the above number even after one year storage. It is more preferable.
- Subject refers to mammals such as humans, mice, monkeys, and livestock that require prevention or treatment of diseases, and preferably humans that require prevention or treatment of diseases and the like.
- the liposome composition according to the first aspect of the present invention is a liposome composition containing diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols modified with a hydrophilic polymer as components of the liposome membrane, Encapsulated, the inner aqueous phase contains ammonium sulfate, and the molar ratio of inner aqueous phase sulfate ions to the total aqueous phase drug is 0.36 or more.
- the liposome composition according to the second aspect of the present invention is a liposome composition containing diacylphosphatidylethanolamine modified with a hydrophilic polymer, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols as components of the liposome membrane,
- the drug is encapsulated, the inner aqueous phase contains an ammonium salt, and the dihydrosphingomyelin is a dihydrosphingomyelin having a long-chain alkyl group having 16 and 18 carbon atoms.
- the retention of liposomes in blood is improved by using diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols modified with a hydrophilic polymer as components of the liposome membrane.
- the inner aqueous phase contains ammonium sulfate, leakage of the drug from the liposome in the blood is suppressed, and AUC is improved.
- the molar ratio of the inner aqueous phase sulfate ion to the total aqueous phase drug is 0.36 or more, the leakage of the drug from the liposome in the blood is further suppressed, and a higher AUC is achieved.
- the pH of the outer aqueous phase can be set near neutral (pH 7.4), and hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, “diacylphosphatidyl ethanol modified with a hydrophilic polymer” Amine "can be used to improve blood retention.
- a liposome is a closed vesicle formed of a lipid bilayer membrane using lipid, and has an aqueous phase (inner aqueous phase) in the space of the closed vesicle.
- the inner water phase includes water and the like.
- Liposomes usually exist in a dispersed state in an aqueous solution outside the closed vesicles (outer aqueous phase). Liposomes are single lamellae (also called single-layer lamellae or unilamellar, and double-layer membranes have a single structure), but they are multi-layer lamellae (also called multi-lamellar, which have a large number of onion-like bilayer membranes). In the present invention, from the viewpoint of safety and stability in pharmaceutical use, it is a single-lamellar liposome. Is preferred.
- the form of the liposome is not particularly limited as long as it is a liposome capable of encapsulating a drug.
- “Encapsulation” means that the drug is in a form in which the drug is contained in the inner aqueous phase and the membrane itself.
- a form in which a drug is enclosed in a closed space formed of a film, a form in which the drug is included in the film itself, and the like may be used.
- the average particle size of the liposome is generally 10 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 20 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 30 to 300 nm, still more preferably 30 nm to 200 nm, and even more preferably 150 nm or less, for example, 30 nm to 150 nm. 70 to 150 nm is particularly preferable.
- Liposomes are preferably in the form of spheres or similar.
- the component constituting the lipid bilayer of the liposome is selected from lipids.
- lipid one that can be dissolved in a mixed solvent of a water-soluble organic solvent and an ester-based organic solvent can be used.
- the liposome in the present invention contains diacylphosphatidylethanolamine modified with a hydrophilic polymer, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols as components of the liposome membrane.
- a liposome is a closed endoplasmic reticulum formed by a lipid bilayer membrane using lipid as described above.
- a lipid as a base material for forming a lipid bilayer membrane is a phosphorous having two acyl chains.
- Lipids such as phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, cardiolipin, or hydrogenated ones (for example, , Hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC)) and the like.
- HSPC Hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine
- a phospholipid having two acyl chains is used as a lipid serving as a base material for forming a lipid bilayer membrane.
- dihydrosphingomyelin the retention of liposomes in blood can be improved.
- dihydrosphingomyelin as the base material of the liposome membrane, the partition property of the liposome membrane can be improved and leakage of the encapsulated drug can be prevented. This is presumed that the amide bond of dihydrosphingomyelin has a strong hydrogen bonding ability and can form a strong and highly partitionable film by strongly interacting with each other.
- dihydrosphingomyelin that is completely saturated has a high melting point and lowers the mobility of the formed film.
- dihydrosphingomyelin can make a membrane having a high partitioning property.
- Dihydrosphingomyelin generally has two long-chain alkyl groups in the molecule, two long-chain alkyl groups having 16 carbon atoms, long-chain alkyl groups having 16 and 18 carbon atoms. And those having a long-chain alkyl group having 16 carbon atoms and 20 to 24 carbon atoms.
- dihydrosphingomyelin from the viewpoint of preventing leakage of the drug from the liposome, it is preferable to use the following compounds having a long-chain alkyl group having 16 and 18 carbon atoms. This is because the higher the number of carbon atoms, the higher the melting point and the higher the ability to make a liposome membrane.
- dihydrosphingomyelin for example, dihydrosphingomyelin obtained by reducing sphingomyelin derived from a natural product by a general method may be used, or dihydrosphingomyelin obtained by synthesis may be used. Since dihydrosphingomyelin derived from natural products such as chicken eggs generally has two long-chain alkyl groups having 16 carbon atoms, dihydrosphingomyelin having long-chain alkyl groups having 16 and 18 carbon atoms. It is preferable to use a product obtained by chemical synthesis in that it can be obtained with high purity.
- the proportion of dihydrosphingomyelin in the constituent components of the liposome membrane is preferably 30 to 80 mol%, more preferably 40 to 70 mol%, still more preferably 50 to 60 mol%. is there.
- hydrophilic polymer in diacylphosphatidylethanolamine modified with a hydrophilic polymer examples include, for example, polyethylene glycols, polyglycerols, polypropylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-maleic anhydride alternating copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, synthesis Examples include polyamino acids. Said hydrophilic polymer can be used individually or in combination of 2 types or more, respectively.
- polyethylene glycols, polyglycerols and polypropylene glycols are preferable from the viewpoint of blood retention of the composition, and polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyglycerol (PG), polypropylene glycol (PPG) and derivatives thereof. Is more preferable.
- polyethylene glycol (PEG) and its derivatives are more preferable.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- Examples of polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives include, but are not limited to, methoxypolyethylene glycol.
- the molecular weight of polyethylene glycols is not particularly limited, but is 500 to 10,000 daltons, preferably 1,000 to 7,000 daltons, and more preferably 2,000 to 5,000 daltons.
- the carbon number of acyl in diacylphosphatidylethanolamine is preferably 16 or more, for example, preferably 16 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 24 carbon atoms, and further preferably 20 carbon atoms.
- diacylphosphatidylethanolamine modified with polyethylene glycol examples include 1,2-distearoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine-PEG2000 (manufactured by NOF Corporation), 1,2-distearoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine- 1,2-distearoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol such as PEG5000 (manufactured by NOF Corporation) and distearoylglycerol-PEG2000 (manufactured by NOF Corporation).
- the ratio of diacylphosphatidylethanolamine modified with a hydrophilic polymer in the components of the liposome membrane is preferably 1 to 15 mol%, more preferably 2 to 10 mol%. .
- cholesterols examples include cholesterol having cyclopentahydrophenanthrene as a basic skeleton, and part or all of which are hydrogenated, and derivatives thereof.
- cholesterol is preferable.
- the curvature of the lipid membrane may increase.
- the strain of the membrane arranged in the liposome is also increased. It is effective to add cholesterol or the like in order to fill the membrane distortion caused by lipids (membrane stabilization effect).
- the addition of cholesterol is expected to lower the fluidity of the liposome membrane by filling the gap in the liposome membrane.
- the proportion of cholesterol in the constituent components of the liposome membrane is preferably 20 mol% to 50 mol%, more preferably 30 mol% to 45 mol%, still more preferably 35 to 43 mol%. %.
- the liposome may be added with a hydrophilic polymer or the like for the purpose of improving blood retention, fatty acid or diacetyl phosphate as a membrane structure stabilizer, and ⁇ -tocopherol as an antioxidant. Good.
- additives such as dispersion aids that are not approved for intravenous use in pharmaceutical applications, such as surfactants.
- the liposome composition of the present invention contains a drug.
- the anticancer agent illustrated below can be used. Specifically, anthracycline anticancer agents such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin and epirubicin; Cisplatin anticancer agents such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin; Taxane anticancer agents such as paclitaxel and docetaxel; Vinca alkaloid anticancer agents such as vincristine and vinblastine; Bleomycin-based anticancer agents such as bleomycin; Sirolimus anticancer drugs such as sirolimus; Camptothecin-based anticancer agents such as topotecan (also referred to as Nogitecan), irinotecan, Karenitecin (registered trademark) (also referred to as BNP1350), exatecan, roottecan, gimatecan (also referred to as ST1481) and belothecan (also referred to as
- the drug may be used as a salt form.
- the salt of a drug include salts that are generally known in basic groups such as an amino group and acidic groups such as a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.
- salts in the basic group include salts with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid; formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, malein Acids, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, aspartic acid, salts with organic carboxylic acids such as trichloroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid; and methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, mesitylenesulfonic acid and naphthalenesulfonic acid And salts with sulfonic acid such as
- salts in the acidic group include salts with alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; salts with alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium; ammonium salts; and trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, N, N— Nitrogen-containing organic bases such as dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, diethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl- ⁇ -phenethylamine, 1-ephenamine and N, N′-dibenzylethylenediamine And a salt thereof.
- alkali metals such as sodium and potassium
- salts with alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium
- ammonium salts and trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, N, N— Nitrogen-containing organic bases such as dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, diethy
- the content of the drug in the liposome composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.025 to 20 mg / ml, more preferably 0.25 to 10 mg / ml with respect to the liposome composition.
- the amount of drug encapsulated in the liposome relative to the lipid forming the liposome membrane is preferably 0.1 to 1.5 in terms of molar ratio from the viewpoint of the release rate from the liposome, the osmotic pressure inside the liposome, and the liposome shape due to the precipitated drug, 0.2 to 0.3 is more preferable.
- the molar ratio of the drug amount to the lipid When the molar ratio of the drug amount to the lipid is too low, the area of the liposome membrane with respect to the unit drug amount is increased, so that the release rate of the drug from the liposome is increased and the function of improving the blood retention is impaired. On the other hand, if the molar ratio of the drug amount to the lipid is too high, the osmotic pressure inside the liposome rises due to an increase in the amount of drug dissolved and the liposome is destroyed, or if the drug precipitates inside the liposome The solid matter thus grown grows and the liposome shape is deformed.
- the internal aqueous phase of the liposome in the present invention contains ammonium sulfate.
- the molar ratio of the inner aqueous phase sulfate ion to the total aqueous phase drug is 0.36 or more, preferably 0.4 or more.
- the molar ratio of the inner aqueous phase sulfate ion to the total aqueous phase drug is more preferably 0.4 or more and 1.8 or less, and still more preferably 0.6 or more and 1.8 or less.
- the molar ratio of the internal aqueous phase sulfate ion to the total aqueous phase drug as described above, leakage of the drug from the liposome in the blood can be suppressed. If the molar ratio of the inner aqueous phase sulfate ion to the total aqueous phase drug is too low, the formation of solids due to the sulfate of the drug will be incomplete, and the concentration of the drug in the dissolved state will increase the permeability of the liposome membrane within the liposome. The drug is likely to leak from the liposome, and the effect of improving the blood retention is impaired.
- the ratio of sulfate ions contained in the inner aqueous phase of the liposome to the sulfate ions in the entire liposome composition is preferably at least 80%, preferably 90% or more. More preferably, at the same time, the ratio of the drug contained in the internal aqueous phase of the liposome to the total drug in the liposome composition (the internal aqueous phase ratio of the drug) is preferably at least 80%, preferably 90% or more. Is more preferable.
- the drug concentration in the liposome can be measured by, for example, liquid chromatography / ultraviolet visible absorbance detection method.
- the sulfate ion concentration in the inner aqueous phase of the liposome can be measured, for example, by ion chromatography.
- the liposome composition of the present invention can comprise a liposome encapsulating a drug and an aqueous solvent (external aqueous phase) in which the liposome is dispersed.
- the pH of the outer aqueous phase is preferably neutral, and specifically, is preferably about pH 5.5 to 8.5.
- the liposome composition of the present invention has a surprising mechanism that suppresses drug leakage in the blood, delivers a sufficient amount of drug to the tumor site, and rapidly releases the drug in the tumor site.
- the liposome composition of the present invention is In an environment where glutamine degradation is enhanced and the ammonium concentration is high (5 mmol / L) like a tumor, drug release is greatly increased.
- the release rate of the drug from the liposome in plasma with an ammonium concentration of 1 mmol / L or less is 20% / 24 hours or less at 37 ° C., and the plasma has an ammonium concentration of 4 to 6 mmol / L.
- the release rate of the drug from the liposome is 60% or more, more preferably the release rate of the drug from the liposome in plasma having an ammonium concentration of 1 mmol / L or less is 15% / 24 hours or less at 37 ° C.
- the release rate of the drug from the liposomes in plasma at a concentration of 4-6 mmol / L is 70% or more.
- the method for producing the liposome composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but as an example, (A) preparation of the oil phase; (B) preparation of the aqueous phase; (C) liposome particle formation by emulsification; (D) sizing with an extruder; (E) replacement of the aqueous liposome external phase by dialysis; (F) Encapsulation of the drug in liposome particles by remote loading; and (g) Removal of the external aqueous phase drug by dialysis: It can be manufactured by the process. (D) Sizing with an extruder may or may not be performed.
- each component constituting the liposome diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterols modified with a hydrophilic polymer
- an organic solvent used in an oil phase is not specifically limited, For example, the water-soluble organic solvent arbitrarily mixed with water can be used.
- water-soluble organic solvent examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and t-butanol, glycols such as glycerin, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol. Examples include polyalkylene glycols. Among these, alcohols are preferable.
- the alcohol is preferably at least one selected from ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol and t-butanol, more preferably at least one selected from ethanol, 2-propanol and t-butanol, More preferably, it is ethanol.
- the concentration of each component constituting the liposome is not particularly limited and can be appropriately adjusted.
- aqueous phase water (distilled water, water for injection, etc.), physiological saline, various buffer solutions or aqueous solutions of saccharides (sucrose, etc.) and mixtures thereof (aqueous solvent) can be used.
- aqueous ammonium sulfate solution it is preferable to use an aqueous ammonium sulfate solution as the aqueous phase.
- the buffer is not limited to organic or inorganic, but a buffer having a buffering action near the hydrogen ion concentration close to the body fluid is preferably used.
- Phosphate buffer, Tris buffer, citric acid Examples include a buffer solution, an acetate buffer solution, and a good buffer.
- the internal aqueous phase of the liposome may be an aqueous solution in which the liposome is dispersed when the liposome is produced, or water, physiological saline, various buffer solutions or aqueous solutions of saccharides and a mixture thereof newly added. There may be. It is preferable that the water used as the outer aqueous phase or the inner aqueous phase does not contain impurities (dust, chemical substances, etc.).
- Physiological saline means an inorganic salt solution adjusted to be isotonic with the human body, and may further have a buffering function.
- physiological saline examples include saline containing 0.9 w / v% (mass / volume percent) of sodium chloride, PBS, and Tris buffered physiological saline.
- the aqueous phase includes both an outer aqueous phase and an inner aqueous phase.
- the outer aqueous phase in the present invention means an aqueous solution in which liposomes are dispersed.
- a solution occupying the outside of the liposome in a dispersion of liposomes stored in a vial or prefilled syringe package is the outer aqueous phase.
- the solution occupying the outside of the liposome in the liposome dispersion is the outer aqueous phase of the dispersion dispersed at the time of administration using the attached dispersion or other solution.
- the inner aqueous phase in the present invention means an aqueous phase in a closed vesicle separated by a lipid bilayer of a liposome.
- the oil phase and the aqueous phase can be mixed and the aqueous solution containing lipid can be stirred and emulsified.
- an emulsion in which the oil phase and the aqueous phase are emulsified in the O / W type (oil-in-water type) is prepared.
- liposomes are formed by removing part or all of the organic solvent from the oil phase by evaporation. Alternatively, part or all of the organic solvent in the oil phase evaporates in the course of stirring and emulsification to form liposomes.
- ultrasonic waves or mechanical shearing force is used for particle refinement.
- an extruder process or a microfluidizer process through a filter having a fixed pore diameter can be performed. If an extruder or the like is used, the secondary vesicle liposomes can be separated into single vesicle liposomes.
- the emulsification step is not limited as long as it is an emulsification step, but is preferably a step in which high shear is applied and fine particles are formed in an emulsification step including an organic solvent.
- High shear is defined by the peripheral speed of the stirring blade of the emulsifier, and is preferably 5 m / s to 32 m / s, particularly preferably 20 m / s to 30 m / s. If necessary, liposomes can be formed by evaporating (desolving) the organic solvent used in the emulsification step.
- the liquid temperature in the emulsification step in producing the liposome can be adjusted as appropriate, but the liquid temperature at the time of mixing the oil phase and the aqueous phase is preferably equal to or higher than the phase transition temperature of the lipid, For example, when a lipid having a phase transition temperature of 35 to 40 ° C. is used, the temperature is preferably 35 to 70 ° C.
- the organic solvent and water may be evaporated from the aqueous solution containing liposomes.
- the term “evaporation” as used herein may forcibly remove part or all of the organic solvent derived from the oil phase and the water derived from the aqueous phase as an evaporation step, or the organic solvent derived from the oil phase and the water derived from the aqueous phase. A part or all of these may naturally evaporate in the process of stirring and emulsification.
- the method of evaporation is not particularly limited. For example, at least one of a step of evaporating by heating an organic solvent and water, a step of standing still or gently stirring after emulsification, and a step of performing vacuum deaeration is performed. Just do it.
- the obtained liposome can be made uniform in particle size by using a dialysis method, a filtration method, an extrusion treatment or the like.
- the extrusion treatment means a process of applying physical shearing force to atomize by passing the liposome through a filter having pores.
- the liposome dispersion liquid and the filter can be rapidly atomized by keeping the temperature at a temperature higher than the phase transition temperature of the membrane constituting the liposome. Note that the sizing by the extruder may or may not be performed.
- the liposome external aqueous phase solution may be replaced by dialysis.
- the dialysate 0.05 to 5 mass% NaCl aqueous solution can be used, but it is not particularly limited.
- the remote loading method means a method of producing empty liposomes in which no drug is encapsulated and introducing the drug into the liposome by adding the drug to the liposome external solution.
- the remote loading method is not particularly limited, but a method using an ammonium salt is preferable, and a method using ammonium sulfate is more preferable.
- the drug added to the external liquid is actively transferred to the liposome and taken into the liposome.
- a solubility gradient, an ion gradient, a pH gradient, or the like is used as the driving force.
- a solubility gradient, an ion gradient, a pH gradient, or the like is used.
- a method of introducing a drug into a liposome using an ion gradient formed across a liposome membrane is used.
- a technique in which a drug is added to liposomes that are formed in advance by a remote loading method using a Na + / K + concentration gradient.
- a proton concentration gradient is generally used.
- the pH of the inner side (inner aqueous phase) of the liposome membrane is lower than the outer side (outer aqueous phase) pH.
- the pH gradient can be formed by a concentration gradient of an ammonium ion gradient or the like.
- the liposome solution encapsulating the drug may be dialyzed to remove the drug not contained in the liposome. For example, by using a predetermined concentration of sucrose / histidine buffer as a dialysis solution, the liposome solution containing the drug is dialyzed to remove the drug present in the outer aqueous phase, and the dialysis solution is used to remove the outer aqueous phase. A substituted liposome composition can be obtained.
- the liposome composition obtained above is preferably subjected to aseptic filtration.
- As a filtration method an unnecessary thing can be removed from the aqueous solution containing a liposome using a hollow fiber membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane, or a membrane filter.
- the aseptic filtration step and the aseptic filling step described below are preferably performed at a phase transition temperature or lower of the lipid constituting the liposome.
- the lipid phase transition temperature is around 50 ° C., it is preferably about 0 to 40 ° C., and more specifically, it is preferably produced at about 5 to 30 ° C.
- the liposome composition obtained after aseptic filtration is preferably aseptically filled for medical use.
- a known method can be applied for aseptic filling.
- a liposome composition suitable for medical use can be prepared by filling the container aseptically.
- the liposome composition of the present invention may contain at least one of pharmaceutically acceptable isotonic agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, and pH adjusters in relation to the administration route. That is, the liposome composition of the present invention can be provided as a pharmaceutical composition.
- the isotonic agent is not particularly limited, but for example, inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, etc.
- inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, etc.
- examples include polyols, sugars such as glucose, fructose, lactose, or sucrose.
- the stabilizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include saccharides such as glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, or sucrose.
- antioxidant For example, ascorbic acid, uric acid, a tocopherol homologue (For example, four isomers of vitamin E, tocopherol alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) cysteine, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), etc. Is mentioned.
- the stabilizer and the antioxidant can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- pH adjusters examples include sodium hydroxide, citric acid, acetic acid, triethanolamine, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the like.
- the liposome composition of the present invention comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvent, collagen, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, water-soluble dextran, sodium carboxymethyl starch, Pectin, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, xanthan gum, gum arabic, casein, gelatin, agar, diglycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, petrolatum, paraffin, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, human serum albumin (HSA), mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, phosphorus Acid buffered saline (PBS), sodium chloride, saccharides, biodegradable polymer, serum-free medium, pharmaceutical supplement It may contain additives which are acceptable ones.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvent collagen, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium
- the container filled with the liposome composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a material having low oxygen permeability.
- gas barrier layer made of plastic container, glass container, aluminum foil, aluminum vapor deposition film, aluminum oxide vapor deposition film, silicon oxide vapor deposition film, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinylidene chloride, etc.
- a back using a colored glass, an aluminum foil, an aluminum vapor-deposited film, or the like can be used to shield the light.
- the gas in the container space and the chemical solution with an inert gas such as nitrogen in order to prevent oxidation due to oxygen present in the space in the container.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen
- the injection solution may be bubbled with nitrogen and filled into a container under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- parenteral administration is preferable.
- intravenous injection such as infusion, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, intraocular injection, and intrathecal injection
- administration method include administration by syringe or infusion.
- the dosage and number of administrations of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be appropriately set according to the type of drug, the condition of the patient, etc., and generally 0.01 mg per day as the active ingredient drug mass. / Kg to 100 mg / kg can be set. The mass of the drug as the active ingredient can be set in the range of 2 mg to 10 mg per time. However, it is not limited to these dosages.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be preferably used as an anticancer agent.
- the type of cancer to which the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited.
- lung cancer particularly small cell lung cancer
- ovarian cancer childhood solid tumor, cervical cancer, breast cancer, prostate Cancer, endometrial cancer, stomach (gastric gland) cancer
- non-small cell lung cancer pancreatic cancer
- squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix esophageal cancer
- bladder cancer melanoma
- colon cancer renal cell cancer
- non-Hodgkin Lymphoma urothelial cancer
- multiple myeloma acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia, bone marrow metastatic cancer, sarcoma, soft tissue tumor, ulcer chronic myelomonocytic
- leukemia Hodgkin lymphoma
- cutaneous T cell lymph and the like e.gkin lympho
- SM stands for Sphingomyelin (COATSOME NM-10, NOF Corporation).
- the egg-derived DHSM indicates dihydrosphingomyelin (a synthetic product obtained by hydrogenating COATSOME NM-10 (manufactured by NOF Corporation)) obtained by hydrogenating the egg-derived SM.
- This chicken egg-derived DHSM has two alkyl chains having 16 carbon atoms, 70 to 80% of the total, and the rest is a mixture containing DHSMs having different alkyl chain lengths.
- Fully synthetic DHSM indicates dihydrosphingomyelin produced by chemical synthesis so that the following compounds having 16-carbon and 18-carbon long-chain alkyl groups contain 98% or more.
- DSPE-PEG SUNBRIGHT DSPE-020CN, manufactured by NOF (hereinafter referred to as DSPE-PEG) was used.
- Cholesterol HP manufactured by Nippon Seika Co., Ltd. was used as cholesterol (indicated in the table as “Chol”).
- the water phase prepared in (b) is heated to 65 ° C. and stirred with a magnetic stirrer (3000 rpm).
- the whole oil phase prepared in (a) is heated to 65 ° C. with a hot plate, and the whole oil phase is sucked with a syringe and heated on the hot plate for 5 minutes.
- the oil phase is added dropwise to the heated aqueous phase over 30 seconds.
- Example 1 chicken egg-derived DHSM, PEG phospholipid (SUNBRIGHT DSPE-020CN, manufactured by NOF, hereinafter referred to as DSPE-PEG), and cholesterol were 11.52 g and 4.32 g, respectively. , And 4.32 g.
- DSPE-PEG PEG phospholipid
- (C) Liposome particle formation by emulsification The aqueous phase 1 prepared in (b1) was heated to 65 ° C., and the total amount of the oil phase prepared in (a) was added, and then mixed for 60 minutes at a peripheral speed of 26 m / s with a precision emulsification disperser. Subsequently, after adding the aqueous phase 2 at room temperature, the organic solvent and water were evaporated by continuing stirring at a peripheral speed of 0.1 m / s while heating at 65 ° C., and when the liquid was concentrated to 600 mL. Warming and agitation were stopped and evaporation was stopped.
- Example 9 (A) Preparation of oil phase
- 0.412 g, 0.153 g, and 0.153 g of chicken egg-derived DHSM, DSPE-PEG, and cholesterol were weighed, respectively.
- the amounts of hen egg-derived DHSM, DSPE-PEG, and cholesterol were changed so that the ratios shown in Table 2 were obtained.
- DiI an amount of DiI corresponding to 0.2 mol% with respect to the total lipid was weighed and dissolved in ethanol. Ethanol was added to the DiI ethanol solution to a total volume of 11.25 mL, and 3.75 mL of ethyl acetate was further added.
- the weighed lipid and this organic solvent were mixed and heated to 60 ° C. to dissolve the lipid to obtain an oil phase.
- the average particle diameter means a cumulant average particle diameter measured by a dynamic light scattering method.
- the average particle size of each example and comparative example described in the table is the average particle size of cumulant measured by a dynamic light scattering method using a dense particle size analyzer FPAR-1000AS (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) with an autosampler. The measurement results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the results of measuring the sample with HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) apparatus Nexera-i LC-2040C (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and quantifying the topotecan concentration.
- HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Nexera-i LC-2040C manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- a specific measurement method is as follows. In the liposomes of Tables 1 and 2, the ratio of the drug contained in the internal aqueous phase of the liposome to the drug in the entire liposome composition was at least 95% excluding Comparative Example 10. The comparative example 10 was 59%.
- Measurement of the amount of topotecan in the liposome preparation Measured by liquid chromatography / ultraviolet-visible absorbance detection using a sample solution prepared by dissolving the prepared liposome solution in methanol and filtered and a standard curve standard solution prepared by diluting topotecan hydrochloride .
- the inner aqueous phase topotecan concentration was calculated by subtracting the outer aqueous phase topotecan concentration from the total aqueous phase topotecan concentration.
- the topotecan concentration of each aqueous phase was measured as follows. (Total aqueous phase topotecan concentration) 50 ⁇ L of the liposome dispersion was measured, 950 ⁇ L of methanol was added, and vortexed for 1 minute.
- Measurement wavelength 382 nm
- column Shiseido CAPCELLPAK C18 ACR 3 ⁇ m_3.0 mm * 75 mm
- Column temperature constant temperature around 40 ° C.
- the mobile phases A and B were both water / methanol / trifluoroacetic acid mixed solution, and the mobile phase was fed by changing the mixing ratio of the mobile phases A and B to control the concentration gradient.
- Flow rate 1.0 mL / min
- injection volume 10 ⁇ L
- autosampler temperature measured at a constant temperature around 25 ° C.
- the inner aqueous phase sulfate ion concentration was calculated by subtracting the outer aqueous phase sulfate ion concentration from the total aqueous phase sulfate ion concentration.
- the sulfate ion concentration of each aqueous phase was measured as follows. (Total aqueous phase sulfate ion concentration) 50 ⁇ L of the liposome dispersion was measured, 950 ⁇ L of methanol was added, and sonication was performed for 15 seconds, followed by mixing. 90 ⁇ L of the liquid was measured, 810 ⁇ L of water for injection (manufactured by Hikari Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added, and sonication was performed for 30 seconds, followed by mixing.
- aqueous phase liquid 100 ⁇ L of the liposome dispersion was measured and diluted by adding 900 ⁇ L of 5% glucose solution (manufactured by Otsuka Pharmaceutical). 450 ⁇ L of the liquid was treated by ultrafiltration, and the filtrate was used as an ion chromatography analysis sample. Centrifugation conditions are 7400 g, 5 ° C., 30 minutes. As the centrifuge, Hitachi Himac CF15RXII was used.
- mice administered with the prepared topotecan-containing liposome (dose was 1 mg / kg as the drug amount)
- blood was collected at 0.25, 2, 6, and 24 hours after administration.
- the blood was centrifuged at 800 ⁇ g for 10 minutes, and plasma was collected.
- the collected plasma was quantified for topotecan concentration using liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS).
- the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) up to an infinite time after a single administration was calculated from the obtained topotecan concentration transition using the pharmacokinetic analysis software WinNonlin (registered trademark) (Certara).
- AUC of the liposome described in Non-Patent Document 1 is calculated as 68152 hours ⁇ ng / mL.
- the inner aqueous phase contains ammonium sulfate.
- the measured value of AUC was 200,000 or more, and it was shown that high retention in blood could be achieved.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 8 not using dihydrosphingomyelin Comparative Examples 9 and 10 in which the molar ratio of the inner aqueous phase sulfate ion to the total aqueous phase drug is less than 0.36, and diacylphosphatidylethanol modified with a hydrophilic polymer
- Comparative Examples 11 and 12 in which no amine was used the measured value of AUC was less than 200,000, which was inferior to Examples 1 to 10.
- a topotecan aqueous solution (drug amount 2 mg / kg) was administered.
- Body weight and tumor volume were measured twice a week from the start of administration. The measurement results of body weight are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the measurement results of tumor volume are shown in FIGS.
- Example 11 to 16 Comparative Examples 13 to 16>
- Example 11 to 16 except that the amounts of DHSM, DSPE-PEG, and cholesterol were changed so that the amount of cholesterol added and the amount of hen egg-derived DHSM added in the oil phase adjustment were in the ratio shown in Table 3.
- Example 11 was prepared in the same manner as Example 1 except that the amount of cholesterol added in the oil phase adjustment and the amount of chicken egg-derived DHSM added were changed to 3.6 g of cholesterol and 12.9 g of chicken egg-derived DHSM. did.
- the amounts of SM, DSPE-PEG, and cholesterol were changed so that the ratios shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- Table 3 shows the results of measurement of particle diameter, total aqueous phase topotecan concentration, inner aqueous phase sulfate ion concentration, and AUC. Moreover, the value of AUC with respect to each cholesterol amount is shown in FIG.
- the ratio of the drug contained in the internal aqueous phase of the liposome to the drug in the entire liposome composition was at least 98% except for Comparative Example 13.
- the comparative example 13 was 68%.
- the ratio of sulfate ions contained in the internal aqueous phase of the liposomes to sulfate ions in the entire liposome composition was at least 90% except for Comparative Example 13.
- the comparative example 13 was 71%.
- Example 17 to 24 Comparative Examples 17 to 24> ⁇ Preparation of liposome dispersion>
- the amount of each lipid added in the oil phase adjustment is set as shown in Table 4
- the drug encapsulated in the liposome particles by remote loading is set as shown in Table 4.
- the drugs other than topotecan were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the drugs were encapsulated by the method described in ⁇ Encapsulation of anticancer drugs in liposome particles by remote loading> below.
- Table 5 shows the lipid composition ratios of Examples 17 to 24 and Comparative Examples 17 to 24.
- Encapsulation of each anticancer drug in liposome particles by remote loading Encapsulation of doxorubicin (Examples 19 and 20, Comparative Examples 19 and 20): Water for injection was added to doxorubicin hydrochloride (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 4 mg / m L. Further, 8 mol / L HCl solution was added while thoroughly stirring the solution, and the pH was adjusted to about 3 to dissolve doxorubicin hydrochloride. Liposomes were added to this doxorubicin solution at a volume ratio of 1/1, and then the dispersion adjusted to pH 7.0 was heated at 62 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- irinotecan hydrochloride manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- 8 mol / L HCl solution was added while thoroughly stirring the solution, and the pH was adjusted to about 3 to dissolve irinotecan hydrochloride.
- Liposomes were added to this irinotecan solution at a volume ratio of 1/1, followed by heating at 62 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- Table 6 shows the results of measuring AUC for Examples 17 to 22 and Comparative Examples 17 to 22 in the same manner as the method described above.
- liposomes using DHSM have better retention in blood than SM liposomes and HSPC liposomes. As a result.
- liposomes using fully synthetic DHSM having a purity of 98% or more of DHSM having an alkyl chain having 16 and 18 carbon atoms as DHSM can improve retention in blood as compared to hen egg-derived DHSM.
- Table 7 shows the results of measuring the particle diameter, topotecan concentration, sulfate ion concentration, and release rate for Examples 17 to 24 and Comparative Examples 17 to 18 and 21 to 24.
- the particle diameter, topotecan concentration, and sulfate ion concentration were measured in the same manner as described above in this example.
- the ratio of the drug contained in the internal aqueous phase of the liposome to the drug in the entire liposome composition was at least 95%.
- the ratio of sulfate ions contained in the internal aqueous phase of the liposomes to sulfate ions in the entire liposome composition was at least 95%.
- the liposome preparation was diluted 20-fold in PBS buffer containing ammonium chloride at each concentration, and the release rate when incubated for 4 hours was measured. Release rate is defined as the percentage of the API concentration leaked to the outer water phase divided by the initial total aqueous phase API concentration.
- Examples 17 and 18 and Comparative Examples 17 and 18 evaluation of topotecan-encapsulated liposomes
- ammonium chloride 4.8 mmol / L As PBS buffer containing ammonium chloride at each concentration, in Examples 17 and 18 and Comparative Examples 17 and 18 (evaluation of topotecan-encapsulated liposomes), ammonium chloride 4.8 mmol / L, In Examples 19 and 20 and Comparative Examples 19 and 20 (evaluation of doxorubicin-encapsulated liposomes), ammonium chloride 200 mmol / L, In Examples 21 and 22 and Comparative Examples 21 and 22 (evaluation of sunitinib-encapsulated liposomes), ammonium chloride 100 mmol / L, In Examples 23 and 24 and Comparative Examples 23 and 24 (evaluation of irinotecan-encapsulated liposomes), a PBS buffer solution in which 4.8 mmol / L of ammonium chloride was dissolved was used.
- liposomes using DHSM have a lower release rate than SM liposomes and HSPC liposomes, As a result, improvement in blood retention was expected.
- DHSM having 16 or 18 alkyl chain DHSM having a purity of 98% or more is used as DHSM, the release rate can be greatly reduced in topotecan-encapsulated liposomes, doxorubicin-encapsulated liposomes, and irinotecan-encapsulated liposomes. Therefore, it has been found that it is more preferable in suppressing leakage in blood.
- Example 2 ⁇ Measurement of insoluble fine particles>
- samples were stored for 1 month after storage at 5 ° C. with a particle counter (HACH ULTRA) in liquid, and particles exceeding 10 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m contained in 1 vial preparation (2 mL).
- the number of super-sized particles was measured (hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, particles having a particle size exceeding 10 ⁇ m mean particles having a particle size exceeding 10 ⁇ m.
- Particles exceeding 25 ⁇ m are particles having a particle size exceeding 25 ⁇ m). means.).
- Examples 2, 3, and 4 have a lipid concentration of 23 mmol / L.
- Example 2 When summed as the number of particles per 1 ⁇ mol of lipid, 0.7 particles in Example 2 and 1.1 particles in Example 3 are about 10 ⁇ m particles.
- Example 4 was 0.3. Moreover, about the particle
- insoluble fine particles in one vial preparation (2 mL) were measured even in a sample of 1 month after storage at 5 ° C. In terms of the number of particles per 1 ⁇ mol of lipid, the number of particles exceeding 10 ⁇ m was 251 and greatly exceeded 150, and the number of particles exceeding 25 ⁇ m was 17 and greatly exceeded 15.
- the release rate was calculated as a percentage of the leaked drug concentration (outer aqueous phase concentration) with respect to the total aqueous phase drug concentration.
- the DHSM liposome encapsulating topotecan prepared in Example 17 and the HSPC liposome encapsulating doxorubicin (Doxyl (registered trademark) 20MG, Janssen Pharma) were added to plasma without addition of ammonium chloride (manufactured by LAMPIRE, mouse plasma, product name: Control and Donor).
- Mouse Plasma in Na Hep, catalog number 7315511) and release rate in plasma in which 5 mmol / L ammonium chloride was dissolved were measured. The result is shown in FIG.
- Doxil (registered trademark) 20MG is a liposome encapsulating doxorubicin composed of HSPC. It has been found that Doxil (registered trademark) has very little leakage in an environment simulating blood, but is hardly released even in a high ammonium environment simulating a tumor environment.
- the liposome containing topotecan described in Example 17 of the present invention has very little leakage in an environment simulating blood and high blood retention, while a high ammonium environment simulating a tumor environment. It was very high at 86%, and it was expected that many drugs were delivered to the tumor by liposomes without leaking in the blood, and many of the drugs carried by the liposomes were released by the tumor. The results are shown in FIG.
- a tumor obtained by transplanting the human ovarian cancer cell line ES-2 subcutaneously into a BALB / c nude mouse is collected, placed on a centrifugal filter with a pore size of 5 ⁇ m, and centrifuged at 400 g for 10 minutes.
- a tumor interstitial fluid was obtained.
- the topotecan liposome of the present invention prepared in Example 17 (30 ng as the drug amount) and the HSPC liposome (Doxyl (registered trademark) 20MG, Janssen Pharma) (30 ng as the drug amount) encapsulating doxorubicin, respectively.
- the release rate when added and incubated at 37 ° C. for 24 hours was 85% in Example 17 and 6% with HSPC liposomes containing doxorubicin.
- the release rate Differences were observed as expected.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2には、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンとコレステロールを含むリポソームに、トポテカンを内包させたリポソームが記載されている。
[1]
リポソーム膜の構成成分として、親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類を含むリポソーム組成物であって、上記リポソーム組成物は薬物を内包し、内水相が硫酸アンモニウムを含み、全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比が0.36以上である、リポソーム組成物。
[2]
薬物がトポテカンまたはその塩、ドキソルビシンまたはその塩、イリノテカンまたはその塩、スニチニブまたはその塩である、[1]に記載のリポソーム組成物。
[3]
全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比が0.6以上1.8以下である、[1]または[2]に記載のリポソーム組成物。
[4]
親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンが、ポリエチレングリコールまたはメトキシポリエチレングリコールで修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンである、[1]から[3]の何れかに記載のリポソーム組成物。
[5]
リポソーム膜の構成成分における親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンの比率が2~10モル%である、[1]から[4]の何れかに記載のリポソーム組成物。
[6]
リポソーム膜の構成成分におけるコレステロール類の比率が35~43モル%である、[1]から5の何れかに記載のリポソーム組成物。
[7]
粒子径が150nm以下である、[1]から[6]の何れかに記載のリポソーム組成物。
[8]
外水相のpHが5.5~8.5である、[1]から[7]の何れかに記載のリポソーム組成物。
[9]
ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンが炭素数16と炭素数18の長鎖アルキル基を含むジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンで、内包薬剤がトポテカンまたはその塩である[1]から[8]の何れかに記載のリポソーム組成物
[10]
リポソームの内水相に含まれる硫酸イオンのリポソーム組成物全体の硫酸イオンに対する比率が、少なくとも80%であり、リポソームの内水相に含まれる薬物のリポソーム組成物全体の薬物に対する比率が、少なくとも80%である、[1]から[9]何れかに記載のリポソーム組成物。
[11]
アンモニウム濃度が1mmoL/L以下の血漿におけるリポソームからの薬物のリリース速度が、37℃において20%/24時間以下であり、アンモニウム濃度が4~6mmoL/Lの血漿におけるリポソームからの薬物のリリース速度が、37℃において60%/24時間以上である、[9]に記載のリポソーム組成物。
[12]
5℃で1か月の保管後におけるリポソーム組成物の脂質1μmol当たりに含まれる10μm超の粒子が150個以下、前記リポソーム組成物の脂質1μmol当たりに含まれる25μmを超える粒子の個数が15個以下である、[1]から[11]の何れかに記載のリポソーム組成物。
[13]
[1]から[12]の何れかに記載のリポソーム組成物を含む、医薬組成物。
[14]
抗がん剤である、[13]に記載の医薬組成物。
[15]
リポソーム膜の構成成分として、親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類を含むリポソーム組成物であって、前記リポソーム組成物は薬物を内包し、内水相がアンモニウム塩を含み、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンが炭素数16と炭素数18の長鎖アルキル基を有するジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンである、リポソーム組成物。
[B] 疾患(好ましくは、がん)の治療において使用するための、リポソーム膜の構成成分として、親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類を含むリポソーム組成物であって、上記リポソーム組成物は薬物を内包し、内水相が硫酸アンモニウムを含み、全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比が0.36以上である、リポソーム組成物。
[C] 医薬組成物の製造のための、親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類を含むリポソーム組成物であって、上記リポソーム組成物は薬物を内包し、内水相が硫酸アンモニウムを含み、全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比が0.36以上である、リポソーム組成物の使用。
本明細書において組成物中の各成分の量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する上記複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
100nm付近の粒子を測定するには、静的光散乱法などでは、正確に粒子の分布を捉えることができず、動的光散乱法による測定が好ましい。
リポソーム医薬組成物、特に注射製剤の場合は、日本薬局方<6.07>注射剤の不溶性微粒子試験法に定める通り、使用時において医薬組成物に含まれる粒径が10μmを超える粒子が6000個以下、粒径が25μmを超える粒子が600個以下であることが好ましいとされる。
リポソーム医薬組成物の注射製剤においては、不溶性微粒子が生じる原因は、大部分が保管中に生じるリポソーム粒子成分の凝集・合一・分解に起因すると考えられるが、これに限定されるものではない。リポソームを構成する主な素材である脂質の量に応じて、不溶性微粒子が発生する傾向がある。例えば、脂質濃度20mmol/Lのリポソーム組成物2mLを含む医薬組成物を考えた場合、脂質1μmol当たり粒径が10μmを超える粒子が150個以下、粒径が25μmを超の粒子が15個以下であると、日本薬局方<6.07>注射剤の不溶性微粒子試験法に定める基準である、医薬組成物に含まれる粒径が10μmを超える粒子が6000個以下、粒径が25μmを超える粒子が600個以下を満たすことができる。
本発明のリポソーム組成物においても 、5℃で1か月の保管後において脂質1μmol当たり粒径が10μmを超える粒子が150個以下、粒径が25μmを超える粒子が15個以下であることが好ましい。5℃で1か月の保管後において脂質1μmol当たり粒径が10μmを超える粒子が75個以下、粒径が25μmを超える粒子が7.5個以下であることがより好ましい。5℃で1か月の保管後において脂質1μmol当たり粒径が10μmを超える粒子が25個以下、粒径が25μmを超える粒子が2.5個以下であることがさらに好ましい。
また、粒径が10μmを超える粗大粒子は、保管時の経時劣化により増大する場合が多く、3カ月貯蔵後の状態でも上記個数を満たすことが好ましく、1年貯蔵後の状態でも上記個数を満たすことがより好ましい。
本発明の第一の形態であるリポソーム組成物は、リポソーム膜の構成成分として、親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類を含むリポソーム組成物であり、薬物を内包し、内水相が硫酸アンモニウムを含み、全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比が0.36以上である。
また、本発明の第二の形態であるリポソーム組成物は、リポソーム膜の構成成分として、親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類を含むリポソーム組成物であり、薬物を内包し、内水相がアンモニウム塩を含み、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンが炭素数16と炭素数18の長鎖アルキル基を有するジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンである。
リポソームとは、脂質を用いた脂質二重膜で形成される閉鎖小胞体であり、その閉鎖小胞の空間内に水相(内水相)を有する。内水相には、水等が含まれる。リポソームは通常、閉鎖小胞外の水溶液(外水相)に分散した状態で存在する。リポソームはシングルラメラ(単層ラメラまたはユニラメラとも呼ばれ、二重層膜が一重の構造である。)であっても、多層ラメラ(マルチラメラとも呼ばれ、タマネギ状の形状の多数の二重層膜の構造である。個々の層は水様の層で仕切られている。)であってもよいが、本発明では、医薬用途での安全性および安定性の観点から、シングルラメラのリポソームであることが好ましい。
リポソームは球状またはそれに近い形態をとることが好ましい。
本発明におけるリポソームは、リポソーム膜の構成成分として、親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類を含む。
ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンを使用することにより、血中でのリポソームの滞留性を向上させることができる。
ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンをリポソーム膜の基材として用いることで、そのリポソーム膜の隔壁性を向上させ、内包した薬物の漏出を防ぐことができる。これは、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンが有するアミド結合が、強い水素結合能を持ち、互いに強く相互作用することで強固で隔壁性の高い膜を形成できるためと推測する。また、本発明において同時に用いるコレステロールの水酸基とも強く相互作用し、さらに隔壁性の高い膜を作ることができる。これは、エステル結合を有するHSPCやレシチンなどの汎用されている脂質では達成し得ない機能になる。
また、アミド結合を有するが、アシル鎖に不飽和結合を有するスフィンゴミエリンに対して、全て飽和されたジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンはその融点が高く、形成される膜の運動性が低くなることから、スフィンゴミエリンに対しても、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンは、隔壁性の高い膜を作ることができると推測する。
ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンは、一般的に分子内に2つの長鎖アルキル基を有しており、炭素数16の長鎖アルキル基を2つ有するもの、炭素数16と炭素数18の長鎖アルキル基を有するもの、炭素数16と炭素数20~24の長鎖アルキル基を有するものが挙げられる。
ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンとしては、薬物のリポソームからの漏出防止の観点で、炭素数16と炭素数18の長鎖アルキル基を有する下記化合物を用いることが好ましい。これは、炭素数が多いほど、融点が高くなり隔壁性の高いリポソーム膜を作ることができるためである。
鶏卵など天然物由来のジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンは、一般的に炭素数16の長鎖アルキル基を2つ有するものが大半を占めるため、炭素数16と炭素数18の長鎖アルキル基を有するジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンが純度高く得られる点で、化学合成により得られるものを使用した方が好ましい。
本発明のリポソーム組成物は、薬物を内包する。
薬物の種類は特に限定されないが、以下に例示する抗がん剤を使用することができる。具体的には、ドキソルビシン、ダウノルビシンおよびエピルビシンなどのアントラサイクリン系抗がん剤;
シスプラチンおよびオキサリプラチンなどのシスプラチン系抗がん剤;
パクリタキセルおよびドセタキセルなどのタキサン系抗がん剤;
ビンクリスチンおよびビンブラスチンなどのビンカアルカロイド系抗がん剤;
ブレオマイシンなどのブレオマイシン系抗がん剤;
シロリムスなどのシロリムス系抗がん剤;
トポテカン(ノギテカンとも言う)、イリノテカン、カレニテシン(登録商標)(BNP1350とも言う)、エキサテカン 、ルートテカン、ギマテカン(ST1481とも言う)およびベロテカン(CKD602とも言う)などのカンプトテシン系抗がん剤;
ビンクリスチンなどのビンカアルカロイド系抗がん剤;
メトトレキセート、フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン、シタラビンおよびペメトレキセドなどの代謝拮抗剤;ならびに
イマチニブ(グリベック(登録商標))、エベロリムス(アフィニトール(登録商標))、エルロチニブ(タルセバ(登録商標))、ゲフィチニブ(イレッサ(登録商標))、スニチニブ(スーテント(登録商標))、ソラフェニブ(ネクサバール(登録商標))、ダサチニブ(スプリセル(登録商標))、タミバロテン(アムノレイク(登録商標))、トレチノイン(ベサノイド(登録商標))、ボルテゾミブ(ベルケイド(登録商標))およびラパチニブ(タイケルブ(登録商標))などの分子標的薬が挙げられる。
上記の中でもトポテカン(ノギテカンとも言う)、ドキソルビシン、イリノテカンまたはスニチニブが好ましく、トポテカンがより好ましい。
薬物の塩としては、通常知られているアミノ基などの塩基性基、ヒドロキシル基およびカルボキシル基などの酸性基における塩を挙げることができる。
機塩基との塩などが挙げられる。
本発明におけるリポソームの内水相は、硫酸アンモニウムを含む。また、本発明の第一の形態であるリポソーム組成物においては、全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比は0.36以上であり、好ましくは0.4以上である。全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比は、より好ましくは0.4以上1.8以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.6以上1.8以下である。全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比を上記の通りに設定することにより、血中でのリポソームからの薬物の漏出を抑制することができる。全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比が低すぎると、薬物の硫酸塩による固形物の形成が不完全となり、リポソーム内でリポソーム膜の透過性が高くなる溶解状態の薬物の濃度が高まり、薬物がリポソームから漏出し易くなり、血中滞留性向上の効果を損なう。また、全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比が高すぎると、リポソーム内部の浸透圧が高くなり、リポソーム構造の破壊を招くため、薬物がリポソームから漏出し易くなり、血中滞留性向上の効果を損なう。
本発明のリポソーム組成物は、薬物を内包するリポソームと、上記リポソームを分散する水性溶媒(外水相)とを含むことができる。外水相のpHは、中性であることが好ましく、具体的にpH5.5~8.5程度であることが好ましい。
本発明のリポソーム組成物は、血中での薬剤漏出を抑制し、十分な量の薬物を腫瘍部に送達させ、さらに腫瘍部では速やかに薬物を放出する驚くべき機構を兼ね備えている。
本発明のリポソーム組成物の製造方法は、特に限定されないが、一例として、
(a)油相の調製;
(b)水相の調製;
(c)乳化によるリポソーム粒子形成;
(d)エクストルーダーによる整粒;
(e)透析によるリポソーム外水相液の置換;
(f)リモートローディングによる薬物のリポソーム粒子への内包;および
(g)透析による外水相薬物の除去:
の工程により製造することができる。(d)エクストルーダーによる整粒は、行ってもよいし、行わなくてもよい。
(a)油相の調製においては、リポソームを構成する各成分(親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類)と有機溶媒とを混合し、混合物を加温して上記成分を溶解することにより油相を製造することができる。
油相において使用する有機溶媒は特に限定されないが、例えば、水と任意に混じりあう水溶性有機溶媒を用いることができる。
水相としては、水(蒸留水、注射用水等)、生理食塩水、各種緩衝液または糖類(スクロースなど)の水溶液およびこれらの混合物(水性溶媒)を使用することができる。本発明において、後述するリモートローディングによって薬物をリポソーム粒子へ内包させる場合には、水相として硫酸アンモニウム水溶液を使用することが好ましい。
本発明における外水相とは、リポソームを分散する水溶液を意味する。例えば注射剤の場合においては、バイアル瓶またはプレフィルドシリンジ包装されて保管されたリポソームの分散液のリポソームの外側を占める溶液が外水相となる。また、添付された分散用液またはその他溶解液により投与時に用時分散した液についても同様に、リポソームの分散液のリポソームの外側を占める溶液が外水相となる。
本発明における内水相とは、リポソームの脂質二重膜を隔てた閉鎖小胞内の水相を意味する。
乳化工程では、油相と水相とを混合して脂質を含む水溶液を攪拌して乳化することができる。脂質が有機溶媒に溶解している油相および水相を混合し撹拌し、乳化することで、油相および水相がO/W型(水中油型)に乳化した乳化液が調製される。混合後、油相由来の有機溶媒の一部または全部を蒸発によって除去することにより、リポソームが形成される。または、油相中の有機溶媒の一部または全部が撹拌・乳化の過程で蒸発して、リポソームが形成される。
得られたリポソームは、透析法、ろ過法またはエクストルージョン処理等を用いて粒径を均一にすることができる。
エクストルージョン処理とは、細孔を有するフィルターにリポソームを通過させることで、物理的なせん断力を施し、微粒化する工程を意味する。リポソームを通過させる際、リポソーム分散液およびフィルターを、リポソームを構成する膜の相転移温度以上の温度に保温することで、速やかに微粒化することができる。
なお、エクストルーダーによる整粒は行ってもよいし、行わなくてもよい。
本発明において、リモートローディングによって薬物をリポソーム粒子へ内包させる場合には、透析によりリポソーム外水相液を置換してもよい。透析液として、0.05~5質量%のNaCl水溶液を使用することができるが、特に限定されない。上記した透析液を用いて、リポソーム液を透析することにより、外水相に存在する硫酸アンモニウムを除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したリポソームを得ることができる。
本発明においては、リモートローディング法によって薬物をリポソーム粒子へ内包させることが好ましい。
薬物を内包したリポソーム液は、リポソームに含まれなかった薬物を除去するために、透析を行ってもよい。例えば、所定濃度のスクロース/ヒスチジンバッファーを透析液として用いて、薬物を内包したリポソーム液に対して、透析を行うことにより、外水相に存在する薬物を除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したリポソーム組成物を得ることができる。
上記で得られたリポソーム組成物は、無菌ろ過を行うことが好ましい。ろ過の方法としては、中空糸膜、逆浸透膜またはメンブレンフィルター等を用いて、リポソームを含む水溶液から不要な物を除去することができる。本発明では、滅菌できる孔径をもつフィルター(好ましくは0.2μmのろ過滅菌フィルター)によってろ過することが好ましい。
無菌ろ過の後に得られたリポソーム組成物は、医療用途として無菌充填することが好ましい。無菌充填の方法は公知のものが適用できる。容器に無菌的に充填することで医療用として好適なリポソーム組成物が調製できる。
本発明のリポソーム組成物は、投与経路に関連して、医薬的に許容される等張化剤、安定化剤、酸化防止剤、およびpH調整剤の少なくとも一種を含んでもよい。即ち、本発明のリポソーム組成物は、医薬組成物として提供することができる。
本発明の医薬組成物の適用対象であるがんの種類は、特に限定されないが、例えば、肺がん(特に、小細胞肺がん)、卵巣がん、小児固形腫瘍、子宮頸がん、乳がん、前立腺がん、子宮体がん、胃(胃腺)がん、非小細胞肺がん、膵臓がん、頚部扁平上皮がん、食道がん、膀胱がん、メラノーマ、大腸がん、腎細胞がん、非ホジキンリンパ腫、尿路上皮がん、多発性骨髄腫、急性骨髄性白血病、慢性骨髄性白血病、急性リンパ性白血病、成人T細胞白血病、骨髄転移がん、肉腫、軟部組織腫、瘍慢性骨髄単球性白血病、ホジキンリンパ腫、皮膚T細胞リンパ等が挙げられる。
SMは、スフィンゴミエリン(Sphingomyelin)(COATSOME NM-10、日油製)を示す。
鶏卵由来DHSMは、鶏卵由来のSMを水素添加することで得たジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン(Dihydrosphingomyelin)(COATSOME NM-10(日油製)に対し水素添加した合成品)を示す。この鶏卵由来DHSMは、炭素数16のアルキル鎖の2つ有したものが、全体の70~80%であり、残りはアルキル鎖長の異なるDHSMを含む混合物である。
全合成DHSMは、炭素数16と炭素数18の長鎖アルキル基を有する下記化合物が98%以上含むように化学合成により作製されたジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン(Dihydrosphingomyelin)を示す。
コレステロール(表中ではCholと表記)としては、Cholesterol HP(日本精化社製)を使用した。
(a)油相の調製
比較例1については、SM、PEGリン脂質、コレステロールをそれぞれ11.52g、4.32g、4.32g秤量した。比較例2~10については、表1に記載の比率になるように、SMまたは鶏卵由来DHSM、PEGリン脂質、コレステロールの量を変更した。この脂質を381mLのエタノールと混合し、65℃で溶解し油相とした。
硫酸アンモニウム25.2gを水1118.5gに溶解し、水相1を調製した。
(b2)水相2の調製
硫酸アンモニウム5.04gを水223.7gに溶解し、水相2を調製した。
(b1)で調製した水相1を65℃に加温し、(a)で調製した油相全量を添加した後、精密乳化分散機にて、周速26m/sにて60分間混合した。つづいて、室温の水相2を添加した後、65℃で加温しながら周速0.1m/sで攪拌を続けることで有機溶媒と水を蒸発させ、液が600mLまで濃縮された時点で加温と攪拌を止め、蒸発を停止した。
透析液として3.15質量%のNaCl水溶液を用いた。この透析液を用いて、(c)で得た液に対して、室温にてクロスフローフィルトレーションを用い、外水相に存在する硫酸アンモニウムを除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したリポソームを得た。
トポテカン塩酸塩(Biocompounds社製)に注射用水を加え、5 mg/m
Lとした。さらに、液をよく攪拌しながら8mol/LのHCl溶液を添加し、pHを約3に調整してトポテカンを溶解させた。このトポテカン溶液にリポソームを1/1の容積比で加えた後、60℃で60分間加温した。
透析液として9.4質量%スクロース、10mmol/Lヒスチジンからなるスクロース/ヒスチジンバッファーを調製した。この透析液を用いて、(f)で得た液に対して、室温にてクロスフローフィルトレーションを用い、外水相に存在するトポテカンを除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したトポテカン含有リポソームを得た。
(a)油相の調製
比較例11については、鶏卵由来DHSM、およびコレステロールをそれぞれ、0.517gおよび0.233g秤量した。比較例12については、表1に記載の比率になるように、SM、およびコレステロールの量を変更した。リポソームをDiI(1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine Perchlorate)で標識するため、全脂質に対して0.2mol%となる分量のDiIを秤量し、エタノールに溶解させた。このDiIエタノール溶液にエタノールを加え、全量で1.5mLとし、秤量した脂質とこの有
機溶媒を混合し、65℃に加温して脂質を溶解し油相とした。
硫酸アンモニウム0.9gおよびスクロース2.16gを水13.5gに溶解し、水相を調製した。
(b)で調製した水相を65℃に加温し、マグネチックスターラーで攪拌する(3000rpm)。(a)で調製した油相全量をホットプレートで65℃に加温し、油相全量をシリンジで吸って5分間ホットプレートで加温する。加温してある水相に、油相を30秒かけて滴下する。
70℃の加温下でエクストルーダー(Mini Extruder、Avanti Polar Lipids社製)を用い、(c)で得た液をフィルターに順次通過させることで整粒した。
透析液として0.09質量%のNaCl水溶液を用いた。この透析液を用いて、(c)または(d)で得た液に対して、室温にて透析を行い、外水相に存在する硫酸アンモニウムを除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したリポソームを得た。
トポテカン塩酸塩(Biocompounds社製)に注射用水を加え、5mg/mLとした。さらに、液をよく攪拌しながら8mol/LのHCl溶液を添加し、pHを約3に調整してトポテカンを溶解させた。このトポテカン溶液にリポソームを1/1の容積比で加えた後、60℃で120分間加温した。
透析液として9.4質量%スクロースおよび10mmol/Lヒスチジンからなるスクロース/ヒスチジンバッファーを調製した。この透析液を用いて、(f)で得た液に対して、室温にて透析を行い、外水相に存在するトポテカンを除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したトポテカン含有リポソームを得た。
(a)油相の調製
実施例1については、鶏卵由来DHSM、PEGリン脂質(SUNBRIGHT DSPE-020CN、日油製、以下、DSPE-PEGとする)、およびコレステロールをそれぞれ11.52g、4.32g、および4.32g秤量した。実施例2~8については、表2に記載の比率になるように、DHSM、DSPE-PEG、およびコレステロールの量を変更した。この脂質を381mLのエタノールと混合し、65℃で溶解し油相とした。
硫酸アンモニウム25.2gを水1118.5gに溶解し、水相1を調製した。
(b2)水相2の調製
硫酸アンモニウム5.04gを水223.7gに溶解し、水相2を調製した。
(b1)で調製した水相1を65℃に加温し、(a)で調製した油相全量を添加した後、精密乳化分散機にて、周速26m/sにて60分間混合した。つづいて、室温の水相2を添加した後、65℃で加温しながら周速0.1m/sで攪拌を続けることで有機溶媒と水を蒸発させ、液が600mLまで濃縮された時点で加温と攪拌を止め、蒸発を停止した。
透析液として3.15質量%のNaCl水溶液を用いた。この透析液を用いて、(c)で得た液に対して、室温にてクロスフローフィルトレーションを用い、外水相に存在する硫酸アンモニウムを除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したリポソームを得た。
トポテカン塩酸塩(Biocompounds社製)に注射用水を加え、5mg/mLとした。さらに、液をよく攪拌しながら8mol/LのHCl溶液を添加し、pHを約3に調整してトポテカンを溶解させた。このトポテカン溶液にリポソームを1/1の容積比で加えた後、60℃で60分間加温した。
透析液として9.4質量%スクロース、10mmol/Lヒスチジンからなるスクロース/ヒスチジンバッファーを調製した。この透析液を用いて、(f)で得た液に対して、室温にてクロスフローフィルトレーションを用い、外水相に存在するトポテカンを除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したトポテカン含有リポソームを得た。
(a)油相の調製
実施例9については、鶏卵由来DHSM、DSPE-PEG、コレステロールをそれぞれ0.412g、0.153g、および0.153g秤量した。実施例10については、表2に記載の比率になるように、鶏卵由来DHSM、DSPE-PEG、およびコレステロールの量を変更した。リポソームをDiIで標識するため、全脂質に対して0.2mol%となる分量のDiIを秤量し、エタノールに溶解させた。このDiIエタノール溶液にエタノールを加え、全量で11.25mLとし、さらに酢酸エチル3.75mLを加えた。秤量した脂質とこの有機溶媒を混合し、60℃に加温して脂質を溶解し油相とした。
硫酸アンモニウム0.9gを水40gに溶解し、水相を調製した。
(b)で調製した水相を70℃に加温し、(a)で調製した油相全量を添加した後(容積比:水相/油相=8/3)、乳化機(エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-3、日本精機製作所製)にて、3000rpm(rotation per minute:1/60s-1)にて30分間混合した。つづいて、65℃で加温しながら300rpmで攪拌を続けることで有機溶媒と水を蒸発させ、液が15gまで濃縮された時点で加温と攪拌を止め、蒸発を停止した。
70℃の加温下でエクストルーダー(Mini Extruder、Avanti Polar Lipids社製)を用い、(c)で得た液をフィルターに順次通過させることで整粒した。
透析液として0.09質量%のNaCl水溶液を用いた。この透析液を用いて、(c)または(d)で得た液に対して、室温にて透析を行い、外水相に存在する硫酸アンモニウムを除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したリポソームを得た。
トポテカン塩酸塩(Biocompounds社製)に注射用水を加え、5 mg/m
Lとした。さらに、液をよく攪拌しながら8mol/LのHCl溶液を添加し、pHを約3に調整してトポテカンを溶解させた。このトポテカン溶液にリポソームを1/1の容積比で加えた後、60℃で120分間加温した。
透析液として9.4質量%スクロース、10mmol/Lヒスチジンからなるスクロース/ヒスチジンバッファーを調製した。この透析液を用いて、(f)で得た液に対して、室温にて透析を行い、外水相に存在するトポテカンを除去し、透析液で外水相を置換したトポテカン含有リポソームを得た。
<平均粒子径>
本発明において、平均粒子径とは、動的光散乱法により測定されるキュムラント平均粒子径を意味する。表に記載の各実施例および比較例の平均粒子径は、オートサンプラー付き濃厚系粒径アナライザーFPAR-1000AS(大塚電子社製)により動的光散乱法で測定したキュムラント平均粒子径である。測定結果を表1および表2に示す。
HPLC(高速液体クロマトグラフィー)装置 Nexera-i LC-2040C(島津社製)にて、サンプルを測定し、トポテカン濃度を定量した結果を表1および表2に示す。具体的な測定方法は、次のとおりである。
表1及び2のリポソームにおいては、リポソームの内水相に含まれる薬物のリポソーム組成物全体の薬物に対する比率は、比較例10を除くと少なくとも95%であった 。比較例10は59%であった。
調製したリポソーム液をメタノールに溶かしフィルターろ過した試料溶液、およびトポテカン塩酸塩を希釈調製した検量線標準溶液を用いて、液体クロマトグラフィー/紫外可視吸光度検出法により測定した。
内水相トポテカン濃度は、全水相トポテカン濃度から外水相トポテカン濃度を引いて算出した。
各水相のトポテカン濃度は以下のように測定した。
(全水相トポテカン濃度)
リポソーム分散液を50μL測り取り、メタノール950μLを加え、ボルテックスで1分間攪拌した。その液を100μLを測り取り、ミリQ水を900μLを加え、ボルテックスを1分間攪拌し、HPLC分析用サンプルとした。
(外水相トポテカン濃度)
リポソーム分散液を50μL測り取り、9.4wt%スクロース/10mMヒスチジン水溶液450μLを加え希釈する。その希釈液100μLにPBS 200μL添加し、転倒混和した。この分散液を超遠心分離(200,000 g, 20℃, 60分間)し、上清をHPLC分析サンプルとした。超遠心分離機は、日立製himacCP80WXを使用した。
a)検量線標準液の調製
トポテカン塩酸塩約20mgを量り、20mLの10質量%メタノール水溶液に溶かした。この液にミリQ水を加えて、トポテカン塩酸濃度0.1、1.0、5.0、10.0、20.0、50.0、または100.0ppmの溶液を調製し、検量線標準液とした。b)試料溶液の調製
(1)試料(リポソーム製剤溶液)約50μLをマイクロマン(MICROMAN(登録商標))で量りとり、これにマイクロマンで量りとった約950μLのメタノールを加えた。このとき、約1分間振とうし、溶液が透明になることを目視で確認した。
(2)上記(1)の溶液100μLをマイクロマンで量りとり、マイクロピペットで量りとった約900μLのミリQ水を加えた。この液を約1分間振とうした後、約1分間超音波処理をし、さらに約10秒間振とうした。
(3)上記(2)の溶液をDISMIC(登録商標)フィルター(穴径0.45μm)でろ過した溶液を試料溶液とした。
c)測定
液体クロマトグラフィー/紫外可視吸光度検出法により以下の条件で測定した。
測定波長:382nm、カラム:資生堂CAPCELLPAK C18 ACR 3μm_3.0mm*75mm
カラム温度:40℃付近の一定温度
移動相A、Bはいずれも水/メタノール/トリフルオロ酢酸混液で、移動相の送液は移動相AおよびBの混合比を変えて濃度勾配を制御した。
流量:毎分1.0mL、注入量:10μL、オートサンプラー温度:25℃付近の一定温度で測定を行った。
イオンクロマト装置 883 Basic IC plus(Metrohm社製)にて、サンプルを測定し、硫酸イオン濃度を定量した。トポテカンに対する硫酸イオンのモル比を測定した結果を表1および表2に示す。表1及び2のリポソームにおいては、リポソームの内水相に含まれる硫酸イオンのリポソーム組成物全体の硫酸イオンに対する比率が、少なくとも90%であった 。
内水相硫酸イオン濃度は、全水相硫酸イオン濃度から外水相硫酸イオン濃度を引き算して、算出した。
各水相の硫酸イオン濃度は以下のように測定した。
(全水相硫酸イオン濃度)
リポソーム分散液を50μL測り取り、メタノール950μLを加え、超音波処理を15秒実施し、混和した。その液を90μLを測り取り、注射用水(光製薬製)を810μLを加え、超音波処理を30秒実施し、混和した。この溶液に酢酸エチル900μL添加し、よく振って酢酸エチル相へ脂質類を抽出した。水相の液を適量は測り取り、イオンクロマト分析に使用した。
(外水相硫酸イオン濃度)
リポソーム分散液を100μL測り取り、5%ブドウ糖液(大塚製薬製)900μLを加え希釈した。その液450μLを限外ろ過にて処理し、ろ液をイオンクロマト分析サンプルとした。
遠心条件は、7400g, 5℃, 30分。遠心分離機は、日立製himac CF15RXIIを使用した。
調製したトポテカン含有リポソームを投与したマウス(投与量は薬物量として1mg/kg)については、投与後0.25、2、6、24時間で採血した。血液は800×g、10分間遠心し、血漿を回収した。採取した血漿について、液体クロマトグラフィー/質量分析/質量分析(LC/MS/MS)を用いて、トポテカン濃度の定量を行った。得られたトポテカン濃度推移より薬物動態解析ソフトWinNonlin(登録商標)(Certara)を用いて単回投与後の無限時間までの血中濃度-時間曲線下面積(AUC)を算出した。AUCの単位は、時間×ng/mL(表中では、hr*ng/mLと表記)である。なお、非特許文献1に記載のリポソームのAUCは、68152時間×ng/mLと計算される。
Balb/c/nu/nuマウス(雌、6週齢)にヒト肺癌細胞株であるA549細胞
1×107個を右腹側部皮下に移植した。移植後15日目から実施例10で調製したト
ポテカン含有リポソーム(薬物量として4mg/kgおよび2mg/kg、週1回投与を2回)、比較例12で調製したトポテカン含有リポソーム(薬物量として4mg/kgおよび2mg/kg、週1回投与を2回)を投与した。また、陰性対照としては生理食塩液を投与した。また、比較対照としては、トポテカン水溶液(薬物量として2mg/kg)を投与した。投与開始から週2回、体重および腫瘍体積を測定した。体重の測定結果を図1および図2に示し、腫瘍体積の測定結果を図3および図4に示す。
実施例11~16について、油相の調整におけるコレステロールの添加量と鶏卵由来DHSMの添加量を、表3に記載の比率になるように、DHSM、DSPE-PEG、およびコレステロールの量を変更した以外については、実施例1同様に作製した。例えば、実施例11について、油相の調整におけるコレステロールの添加量と鶏卵由来DHSMの添加量を、コレステロールを3.6g、鶏卵由来DHSMを12.9gに変更した以外は、実施例1同様に作製した。
比較例13~16について、表3に記載の比率になるよう、SM、DSPE-PEG、およびコレステロールの量を変更した。
同様に粒子径、全水相トポテカン濃度、内水相硫酸イオン濃度、AUCを測定した結果を表3に示す。また、各コレステロール量に対する、AUCの値を図5に示す。
表3のリポソームにおいては、リポソームの内水相に含まれる薬物のリポソーム組成物全体の薬物に対する比率は、比較例13を除き少なくとも98%であった。比較例13は、68%であった。
表3のリポソームにおいては、リポソームの内水相に含まれる硫酸イオンのリポソーム組成物全体の硫酸イオンに対する比率が、比較例13を除き少なくとも90%であった 。比較例13は、71%であった。
<リポソーム分散物の作製>
実施例17~24、比較例17~24について、油相の調整における各脂質の添加量を表4のように設定し、また、リモートローディングによりリポソーム粒子へ内包する薬物を表4のように設定し、トポテカン以外の薬剤は、下記の<リモートローディングによる各抗がん剤のリポソーム粒子への内包>に記載した方法で薬剤を内包したことを除き、実施例1と同様に作製した。また、実施例17~24、比較例17~24について、それぞれの脂質構成比を表5に示す。
ドキソルビシンの内包(実施例19、20、比較例19、20):ドキソルビシン塩酸塩(東京化成社製)に注射用水を加え、4 mg/m
Lとした。さらに、液をよく攪拌しながら8mol/LのHCl溶液を添加し、pHを約3に調整してドキソルビシン塩酸塩を溶解させた。このドキソルビシン溶液にリポソームを1/1の容積比で加えた後、pH 7.0に調整した分散液を62℃で60分間加温した。
スニチニブの内包(実施例21、22、比較例21、22):リンゴ酸スニチニブ(トロントリサーチケミカルズ社製)に注射用水を加え、5 mg/mLとした。さらに、液をよく攪拌しながら8mol/LのHCl溶液を添加し、pHを約3に調整してリンゴ酸スニチニブを溶解させた。このスニチニブ溶液にリポソームを1/1の容積比で加えた後、62℃で60分間加温した。
実施例17~22、比較例17~22について、本実施例中において上記した方法と同様にAUCを測定した結果を表6に示す。
表7のリポソームにおいては、リポソームの内水相に含まれる薬物のリポソーム組成物全体の薬物に対する比率は、少なくとも95%であった。
表7のリポソームにおいては、リポソームの内水相に含まれる硫酸イオンのリポソーム組成物全体の硫酸イオンに対する比率が、少なくとも95%であった 。
各濃度の塩化アンモニウム含有PBS緩衝液中にリポソーム製剤を20倍希釈し、4時間インキュベートした時点のリリース率を測定した。リリース率は、外水相へ漏れたAPI濃度を初期の全水相API濃度で割り算した値の百分率として定義される。
実施例17、18、比較例17、18(トポテカン内包リポソームの評価)では、塩化アンモニウム4.8 mmol/L、
実施例19、20、比較例19、20(ドキソルビシン内包リポソームの評価)では、塩化アンモニウム200 mmol/L、
実施例21、22、比較例21、22(スニチニブ内包リポソームの評価)では、塩化アンモニウム100 mmol/L、
実施例23、24、比較例23、24(イリノテカン内包リポソームの評価)では、塩化アンモニウム4.8 mmol/L、を溶解したPBS緩衝液を用いた。
液中パーティクルカウンター(HACH ULTRA)にて、実施例2、3、4について、それぞれ5℃保管後1か月のサンプルを測定し、1バイアル製剤(2mL)当たりに含まれる10μm超の粒子および25μm超の粒子の個数を測定した(以下、特に説明がない限り、10μm超の粒子とは、粒径が10μmを超える粒子を意味する。25μm超の粒子とは、粒径が25μmを超える粒子を意味する。)。実施例2、3、4は脂質濃度23mmol/Lであり、脂質1μmol当たりの粒子の個数としてまとめると、10μm超の粒子について、実施例2は0.7個、実施例3は1.1個、実施例4は0.3個であった。また、25μm超の粒子について、実施例2は0.09個、実施例3は0.5個、実施例4は0個であった。トポテカンを内包したリポソームは、漏出し中性環境に晒されると難溶性の二量体へと分解し、不溶性微粒子になることが知られている。この結果は、本発明により漏出が極めてよく抑制できたため、不溶性微粒子の発生も低減できた驚くべき結果である。
比較例8について、5℃保管後1か月のサンプルにおいても1バイアル製剤(2mL)中の不溶性微粒子を測定した。脂質1μmol当たりの粒子の個数に換算すると、10μm超の粒子が251個であり150個を大きく超えており、また25μm超の粒子の個数が17個であり、15個を大きく超えていた。
<リリース率へ与えるアンモニウムイオン依存性>
リリース率は、全水相薬剤濃度に対する漏出した薬剤濃度(外水相濃度)の百分率で算出した。実施例17で作製したトポテカンを内包するDHSMリポソーム、ドキソルビシンを内包するHSPCリポソーム(ドキシル(登録商標)20MG、ヤンセンファーマ)を、塩化アンモニウムを添加しない血漿(LAMPIRE製、マウス血漿、品名:Control and Donor Mouse Plasma in Na Hep、カタログ番号7315511)と5mmol/Lの塩化アンモニウムを溶解した血漿中でのリリース率を測定した。その結果を図6に示す。腫瘍環境においては、グルタミン分解が亢進しており、その結果アンモニウムが多く発生しており、おおよそ5mmol/Lの発生が報告されている(引用論文:Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and medicien, 11(2015) 1841-1850)。
Claims (15)
- リポソーム膜の構成成分として、親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類を含むリポソーム組成物であって、前記リポソーム組成物は薬物を内包し、内水相が硫酸アンモニウムを含み、全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比が0.36以上で ある、リポソーム組成物。
- 薬物がトポテカンまたはその塩、ドキソルビシンまたはその塩、イリノテカンまたはその塩、スニチニブまたはその塩である、請求項1に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- 全水相薬物に対する内水相硫酸イオンのモル比が0.6以上1.8以下である、請求項1または2に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- 親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンが、ポリエチレングリコールまたはメトキシポリエチレングリコールで修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンである、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- リポソーム膜の構成成分における親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンの比率が2~10モル%である、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- リポソーム膜の構成成分におけるコレステロール類の比率が35~43モル%である、請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- 粒子径が150nm以下である、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- 外水相のpHが5.5~8.5である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンが炭素数16と炭素数18の長鎖アルキル基を含むジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンで、内包薬剤がトポテカンまたはその塩である請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載のリポソーム組成物
- リポソームの内水相に含まれる硫酸イオンのリポソーム組成物全体の硫酸イオンに対する比率が、少なくとも80%であり、リポソームの内水相に含まれる薬物のリポソーム組成物全体の薬物に対する比率が、少なくとも80%である、請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- アンモニウム濃度が1mmol/L以下の血漿におけるリポソームからの薬物のリリース速度が、37℃において20%/24時間以下であり、アンモニウム濃度が4~6mmol/Lの血漿におけるリポソームからの薬物のリリース速度が、37℃において60%/24時間以上である、請求項9に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- 5℃で1か月の保管後におけるリポソーム組成物の脂質1μmol当たりに含まれる10μm超の粒子が150個以下、前記リポソーム組成物の脂質1μmol当たりに含まれる25μmを超える粒子の個数が15個以下である、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載のリポソーム組成物。
- 請求項1から12の何れか一項に記載のリポソーム組成物を含む、医薬組成物。
- 抗がん剤である、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- リポソーム膜の構成成分として、親水性高分子で修飾したジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリン、およびコレステロール類を含むリポソーム組成物であって、前記リポソーム組成物は薬物を内包し、内水相がアンモニウム塩を含み、ジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンが炭素数16と炭素数18の長鎖アルキル基を有するジヒドロスフィンゴミエリンである、リポソーム組成物。
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WO2020129826A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-25 | Eisai R&D Management Co., Ltd. | Formulation comprising liposomes |
US10765633B2 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2020-09-08 | Eisai R&D Management Co., Ltd | Formulation comprising liposomes |
WO2022250015A1 (ja) | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 処置剤 |
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WO2023190709A1 (ja) | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | エーザイ・アール・アンド・ディー・マネジメント株式会社 | リポソーム組成物およびリポソームを含む医薬組成物 |
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JP2022043357A (ja) | 2022-03-15 |
CN114224840A (zh) | 2022-03-25 |
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AU2018246024A1 (en) | 2019-10-17 |
US11446247B2 (en) | 2022-09-20 |
CN110505869A (zh) | 2019-11-26 |
BR112019020406A2 (pt) | 2020-04-22 |
US20220370352A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
EP3603620A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
CA3058127A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
KR20190120319A (ko) | 2019-10-23 |
EP3603620A4 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
AU2018246024B2 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
RU2734900C1 (ru) | 2020-10-26 |
US20210038518A1 (en) | 2021-02-11 |
CN116763734A (zh) | 2023-09-19 |
KR102328463B1 (ko) | 2021-11-17 |
CA3058127C (en) | 2022-07-05 |
US20200016079A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
CN116763733A (zh) | 2023-09-19 |
US11413244B2 (en) | 2022-08-16 |
JP6728482B2 (ja) | 2020-07-22 |
JPWO2018181963A1 (ja) | 2020-01-16 |
JP7012124B2 (ja) | 2022-01-27 |
BR112019020406B1 (pt) | 2021-10-26 |
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