WO2018176537A1 - 一种场效应晶体管及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种场效应晶体管及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018176537A1
WO2018176537A1 PCT/CN2017/081774 CN2017081774W WO2018176537A1 WO 2018176537 A1 WO2018176537 A1 WO 2018176537A1 CN 2017081774 W CN2017081774 W CN 2017081774W WO 2018176537 A1 WO2018176537 A1 WO 2018176537A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
carbon quantum
drain
source
quantum dot
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PCT/CN2017/081774
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢华飞
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深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司
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Priority to US15/529,082 priority Critical patent/US10170629B2/en
Publication of WO2018176537A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018176537A1/zh

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    • H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
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    • H01L21/02175—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal
    • H01L21/02178—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal the material containing aluminium, e.g. Al2O3
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02439—Materials
    • H01L21/02488—Insulating materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
    • H01L29/1606—Graphene
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
    • H01L29/417—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
    • H01L29/41725—Source or drain electrodes for field effect devices
    • H01L29/41733—Source or drain electrodes for field effect devices for thin film transistors with insulated gate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/45—Ohmic electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a field effect transistor and a method of fabricating the same.
  • the field effect transistor utilizes the surface effect of the semiconductor to control the depletion or accumulation of holes and electrons on the surface of the semiconductor active layer by the gate voltage, determines the conduction state of the channel, and realizes the switching function.
  • Field effect transistors are widely used in the manufacture of electronic devices and integrated circuits due to their simple principle, mature process and high reliability.
  • the performance of a field effect transistor is affected by many factors such as process, process, material and device structure.
  • the channel material and device structure fundamentally determine the mobility and working efficiency of the field effect transistor.
  • quantum dots Since the discovery of colloidal quantum dots with quantum size effects, they have been widely used in the field of electronics and optoelectronics in the form of thin films. Based on the adjustable size of the energy gap, small exciton binding energy, high electroluminescence and photoluminescence efficiency and inexpensive solution process, quantum dots have been successfully applied in thin-film optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes. . However, the charge transfer performance and application of quantum dot films in field effect transistors have rarely been reported, far behind commercial silicon transistors and organic field effect transistors.
  • Semiconductor quantum dot colloids can achieve effective overlap and overlap of quantum confinement electron or hole wave functions through self-assembly and close packing, which will form a new type of "artificial film".
  • This solid film not only retains the unique properties of quantum dot materials.
  • the tunability meanwhile, also has high carrier mobility and electrical conductivity.
  • field-effect transistors with quantum dots as carrier transport layers have the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost, good weight and good flexibility. These characteristics make quantum dot field effect transistors a future electron.
  • An important component of the industry which can be widely used in smart cards, memories, electronic trademarks, edge matrix displays and sensors.
  • Carbon is one of the most abundant materials with nanostructures and properties. For example, fullerenes, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc. have attracted researchers because of their excellent chemical, physical, mechanical and electronic properties. Great research interests and experimental applications. Carbon-based electronics has received increasing attention due to its small size, fast speed, low power consumption, and simple process. Among many carbon nanomaterials, carbon quantum dots are zero-dimensional nanoparticles with a size of less than 10 nm due to their low cost, low toxicity, long-term stability, particle size adjustable optical response, and efficient and diverse carrier generation. Capable of being easy to prepare and an ideal replacement for traditional semiconductor quantum dots.
  • the invention mainly provides a field effect transistor and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem of how to prepare a field effect transistor by using carbon quantum dots.
  • a technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a method for fabricating a field effect transistor, wherein the method includes: depositing a first insulating layer on a substrate; forming on the first insulating layer a source and a drain; forming a carbon quantum dot active layer covering the source and the drain; forming a second insulating layer and a gate sequentially on the carbon quantum dot active layer; wherein the forming a cover
  • the carbon quantum dot active layer of the source and the drain includes: dissolving the carbon quantum dot in octane to form a first mixed solution; and using the spin coating method on the first insulating layer, the source and the drain The spin coating is performed on the carbon quantum dot film layer to form a carbon quantum dot active layer covering the source and the drain;
  • the depositing the first insulating layer on the substrate comprises: forming a first material layer on the substrate by a chemical vapor deposition method, the first material layer being a silicon oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer
  • another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a method for fabricating a field effect transistor, wherein the method includes: depositing a first insulating layer on a substrate; and on the first insulating layer Forming a source and a drain; forming a carbon quantum dot active layer covering the source and the drain; forming a second insulating layer and a gate sequentially on the carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a field effect transistor, wherein the field effect transistor includes: a source and a drain on a substrate; and the source and the An active layer that is in contact with the drain, wherein the active layer is a carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the prior art, the present invention deposits a first insulating layer on a substrate; forms a source and a drain on the first insulating layer; and forms a carbon quantum covering the source and the drain Point active layer; a method of sequentially forming a second insulating layer and a gate on a carbon quantum dot active layer, and preparing an active layer in the field effect transistor by using a carbon quantum dot as a material, enriching a preparation material of the field effect transistor,
  • the environmental pollution in the prior art using the metal dot film layer to prepare the active layer is reduced, and the dependence on the metal element is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for fabricating a field effect transistor provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a field effect transistor prepared in each step of FIG. 1;
  • step S11 in FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific process of step S11 in FIG. 1;
  • step S12 in FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific process of step S12 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific process of step S13 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a specific process of step S14 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a field effect transistor provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of a field effect transistor provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of a field effect transistor provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a fifth embodiment of a field effect transistor provided by the present invention.
  • an embodiment of a method for fabricating a field effect transistor provided by the present invention includes:
  • the step S11 may specifically include:
  • S111 forming a first material layer on the substrate 101 by chemical vapor deposition
  • a first thickness of a certain material layer is formed by chemical vapor deposition on a substrate including, but not limited to, a silicon wafer, glass, and plastic.
  • the first material layer may be a silicon oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer or a silicon nitride layer, or may be a plurality of mixed layers of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon nitride; the thickness of the first material layer may be The actual thickness is 200 nm as an example in this embodiment.
  • the formed first material layer may be subjected to a soaking rinse using a second mixed solution of acetone, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol.
  • the first material layer after the immersion rinsing may be dried in a temperature environment of 100 ° C, and the first insulating layer 102 may be formed after drying.
  • step S12 may specifically include:
  • an evaporation device such as an evaporation machine may be used to heat and plate a metal, such as, but not limited to, metal aluminum, silver, copper, titanium, or a mixed metal thereof onto the first insulating layer 102 to form a source and a drain. Extreme metal layer.
  • S122 patterning the source and drain metal layers to form the source 103 and the drain 104.
  • the formed source and drain metal layers are exposed, developed, etched, and stripped to form a patterned source 103 and drain 104.
  • the source 103 and the drain 104 have an area of 200 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m, and the source 103 and the drain 104 have a pitch of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • step S13 may specifically include:
  • Carbon quantum dots also known as carbon dots or carbon nanodots, are a kind of spherical carbon particles. They are fluorescent carbon nanomaterials composed of carbon skeletons and surface groups with a particle diameter of less than 10 nm. They have low toxicity, good biocompatibility and luminescence. The wavelength is adjustable and easy to functionalize.
  • carbon quantum dots can be used to prepare carbon quantum dots of different particle sizes using, but not limited to, electrochemical methods, laser ablation methods, pyrolysis methods, stencil methods, and microwave assisted methods, for example, laser ablation using lasers from graphite powders.
  • the carbon nanoparticles are cut off from the surface and mixed with the organic polymer to obtain carbon quantum dots having a diameter of less than 5 nm and having photoluminescence characteristics.
  • carbon pyrolysis can be obtained by pyrolysis of organic substances by pyrolysis. point.
  • the concentration of carbon quantum dots in the first mixed solution is 2.5 mg/ml.
  • the first mixed solution is spin-coated on the first insulating layer 102, the source 103, and the drain 104 by spin coating to form a carbon quantum dot film layer.
  • the above-described first mixed solution containing carbon quantum dots may be dropped onto the first insulating layer 102, the source 103, and the drain 104 in a glove box containing a high-purity inert gas, and spin coating may be used.
  • a certain thickness of the carbon quantum dot film layer is formed in a certain period of time.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen
  • the number of revolutions of the spin coating method is 3000 rpm
  • the spin coating time is 30 s.
  • the carbon quantum dot film layer is baked in a vacuum environment of 80 ° C, and the carbon quantum dot active layer 105 covering the source 103 and the drain 104 can be formed in about 12 hours.
  • the step may specifically include:
  • S141 depositing a second material layer on the carbon quantum dot active layer 105 by chemical vapor deposition
  • the second material layer may be a silicon oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer or a silicon nitride layer, or may be a plurality of mixed layers of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon nitride; the thickness of the second material layer may be The actual thickness is 300 nm as an example in this embodiment.
  • the formed first material layer may be subjected to a soaking rinse using a second mixed solution of acetone, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol.
  • the second material layer after the immersion rinsing may be dried in a temperature environment of 100 ° C, and the second insulating layer 106 may be formed after drying.
  • a gate metal layer may be formed by heating and plating a metal such as, but not limited to, aluminum metal, silver, copper, titanium, or a mixed metal thereof onto the second insulating layer 106 using a vapor deposition apparatus such as an evaporation machine in a vacuum environment.
  • a metal such as, but not limited to, aluminum metal, silver, copper, titanium, or a mixed metal thereof onto the second insulating layer 106 using a vapor deposition apparatus such as an evaporation machine in a vacuum environment.
  • the formed gate metal layer is subjected to exposure, development, etching, and lift-off processes to form a patterned gate 107.
  • the present embodiment is a process for preparing a thin film transistor based on a carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • the thin film transistor prepared according to the embodiment includes a top gate thin film transistor and a bottom gate thin film transistor, both of which include
  • the carbon quantum dot active layer can be prepared by using the corresponding steps in the above methods.
  • a first embodiment of a field effect transistor provided by the present invention includes a source 103 on a substrate 101, a drain 104, and an active layer 105 in contact with the source 103 and the drain 104.
  • the active layer 105 is a carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • the field effect transistor in this embodiment further includes a first insulating layer 102 on the substrate 101, a second insulating layer 106 on the active layer 105, and a gate 107 on the insulating layer, wherein the source 103
  • the drain 104 is located on the first insulating layer 102, and the active layer 105 covers the source 103 and the drain 104.
  • the field effect transistor in this embodiment is prepared by the above method, and details are not described herein again.
  • a second embodiment of a field effect transistor provided by the present invention includes a first insulating layer 202 formed on a silicon substrate 201, an active layer 203 on the first insulating layer 202, and an active layer 203.
  • the active layer 203 is a carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • each layer in the embodiment is prepared by using the corresponding steps in the above method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • a third embodiment of the field effect transistor provided by the present invention includes an active layer 302 on a glass substrate 301, a source 303 and a drain 304 on the active layer 302, and a source 303 and a drain 304.
  • the active layer 302 is a carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • each layer in the embodiment is prepared by using the corresponding steps in the above method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • top gate type field effect transistors each of which includes a carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • a fourth embodiment of the field effect transistor includes sequentially stacking a gate electrode 402 and an insulating layer 403 on a glass substrate 401 from top to bottom, an active layer 404 on the insulating layer 403, and an active layer. Source 405 and drain 406 on 404.
  • the active layer 404 is a carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • each layer in this embodiment is prepared by using the corresponding steps in the above method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • a fifth embodiment of the field effect transistor includes a first insulating layer 502 on a plastic substrate 501, a gate 503 on the first insulating layer 502, and a second insulating layer on the gate 503. 504, an active layer 505 on the second insulating layer 504, and a source 506 and a drain 507 on the active layer 505.
  • the active layer 505 is a carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • each layer in this embodiment is prepared by using the corresponding steps in the above method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • Two embodiments of the above field effect transistor are bottom gate type field effect transistors, each comprising a carbon quantum dot active layer.
  • the present invention comprises: depositing a first insulating layer on a substrate; forming a source and a drain on the first insulating layer; forming a carbon quantum dot active layer covering the source and the drain; at the carbon quantum dot A method of sequentially forming a second insulating layer and a gate on the active layer, using the carbon quantum dots as a material to prepare an active layer in the field effect transistor, enriching the preparation material of the field effect transistor, and reducing the metal point used in the prior art
  • the film layer is environmentally polluted when the active layer is prepared, while reducing the dependence on the metal element.

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Abstract

提供了一种场效应晶体管及其制备方法，该方法包括在基板上沉积第一绝缘层（S11）；在第一绝缘层上形成源极及漏极（S12）；形成覆盖源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层（S13）；在碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极（S14）。通过上述方法，使用碳量子点为材料制备场效应晶体管中的有源层，丰富了场效应晶体管的制备材料，减少了现有技术中使用金属点膜层制备有源层时对环境的污染，同时降低了对金属元素的依赖性。

Description

一种场效应晶体管及其制备方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及显示技术领域，特别是涉及一种场效应晶体管及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
场效应晶体管是利用半导体的表面效应，以栅极电压控制半导体有源层表面的空穴与电子耗尽或积累，决定沟道的导通状况，实现开关功能。场效应晶体管因原理简单，工艺成熟，可靠性高，现已普遍应用于电子器件和集成电路的制造。场效应晶体管的性能受到工艺、制程、材料和器件结构等多个因素的影响，其中沟道材料和器件结构从根本上决定着场效应晶体管的迁移率和工作效率。
自从发现胶体量子点具有量子尺寸效应以来，其以薄膜的形式在电子和光电子领域得到了极大的应用。基于大小可调的能隙、小的激子结合能、高的电致和光致发光效率和廉价的溶液制程等优势，量子点已经成功的在太阳能电池、发光二极管等薄膜光电子器件方面实现了应用。然而，量子点膜在场效应晶体管中的电荷传输性能和应用还鲜有报道，远远落后于商业硅晶体管和有机场效应晶体管。
半导体量子点胶体通过自组装紧密堆积实现量子限域电子或空穴波函数的有效交叠和重合，将会形成一种新型的“人造薄膜”，这种固体薄膜不仅保留了量子点材料性能独特的可调性，同时，也具有较高的载流子迁移率和电传导能力。与硅类晶体管相比，以量子点作为载流子传输层的场效应晶体管具有溶液制程制备过程简单，成本较低，重量亲且柔性好等优点，这些特点使得量子点场效应晶体管成为未来电子行业的重要元件，可广泛的用于智能卡、存储器、电子商标、有缘矩阵显示器和传感器等。
碳元素是目前拥有纳米结构和特性最为丰富的材料之一，如富勒烯、碳量子点、碳纳米管、石墨烯等由于具有优异的化学、物理、机械和电子性能而引起了科研人员的极大研究兴趣和实验应用。基于碳基的电子学因其尺寸小、速度快、功耗低、工艺简单等特点受到人们越来越广泛的关注。在众多碳纳米材料中，碳量子点是一种尺寸小于10nm的零维纳米颗粒，因其具有低成本、低毒性、长期稳定性、粒径大小可调节光学响应和高效多样的载流子生成能力，且易于制备而成为传统半导体量子点的理想替换材料。
【发明内容】
本发明主要提供一种场效应晶体管及其制备方法，旨在解决如何使用碳量子点制备场效应晶体管的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种场效应晶体管的制备方法，其中，所述方法包括：在基板上沉积第一绝缘层；在所述第一绝缘层上形成源极及漏极；形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层；在所述碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极；其中，所述形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层包括：将所述碳量子点溶解在辛烷中以形成第一混合溶液；使用旋涂法在所述第一绝缘层、源极及漏极上，将所述第一混合溶液旋涂成碳量子点膜层；对所述碳量子点膜层进行真空烘烤以形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的所述碳量子点有源层；所述在基板上沉积第一绝缘层包括：通过化学气相沉积法在所述基板上形成第一材料层，所述第一材料层为氧化硅层、氧化铝层、氮化硅层或所述氧化硅、氧化铝及氮化硅的混合层；使用第二混合溶液对所述第一材料层进行浸泡冲洗；烘干浸泡冲洗后的所述第一材料层以形成所述第一绝缘层。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的另一个技术方案是：提供一种场效应晶体管的制备方法，其中，所述方法包括：在基板上沉积第一绝缘层；在所述第一绝缘层上形成源极及漏极；形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层；在所述碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的又一个技术方案是：提供一种场效应晶体管，其中，所述场效应晶体管包括：位于基板上的源极和漏极；与所述源极和所述漏极接触的有源层，其中，所述有源层为碳量子点有源层。
本发明的有益效果是：区别于现有技术的情况，本发明通过在基板上沉积第一绝缘层；在第一绝缘层上形成源极及漏极；形成覆盖源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层；在碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极的方法，使用碳量子点为材料制备场效应晶体管中的有源层，丰富了场效应晶体管的制备材料，减少了现有技术中使用金属点膜层制备有源层时对环境的污染，同时降低了对金属元素的依赖性。
【附图说明】
图1是 本发明提供的场效应晶体管的制备方法实施例的流程示意图；
图2是 图1中各步骤制备而成的场效应晶体管第一实施例的结构示意图；
图3是 图1中步骤S11的具体流程示意图；
图4是 图1中步骤S12的具体流程示意图；
图5是 图1中步骤S13的具体流程示意图；
图6是 图1中步骤S14的具体流程示意图；
图7是 本发明提供的场效应晶体管第二实施例的结构示意图；
图8是 本发明提供的场效应晶体管第三实施例的结构示意图；
图9是 本发明提供的场效应晶体管第四实施例的结构示意图；
图10是本发明提供的场效应晶体管第五实施例的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
为使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明所提供的一种场效应晶体管及其制备方法做进一步详细描述。
参阅图1及图2，本发明提供的场效应晶体管的制备方法实施例包括：
S11：在基板101上沉积第一绝缘层102；
参阅图3，该步骤S11可具体包括：
S111：通过化学气相沉积法在基板101上形成第一材料层；
具体地，通过化学气相沉积法在包括但不限于硅片、玻璃及塑料的基板上形成一定厚度的第一材料层。
其中，该第一材料层可以是氧化硅层、氧化铝层或氮化硅层，也可以是氧化硅、氧化铝及氮化硅中的多种混合层；该第一材料层的厚度可根据实际制备而定，本实施例中厚度以200nm为例。
S112：使用第二混合溶液对第一材料层进行浸泡冲洗；
具体地，可使用丙酮、甲醇和异丙醇的第二混合溶液对形成的第一材料层进行浸泡冲洗。
S113：烘干浸泡冲洗后的第一材料层以形成第一绝缘层102。
具体地，可在100℃的温度环境下对浸泡冲洗后的第一材料层进行烘干处理，烘干之后即可形成第一绝缘层102。
S12：在第一绝缘层102上形成源极103及漏极104；
参阅图4，该步骤S12可具体包括：
S121：以蒸镀的方式在第一绝缘层102上形成源极、漏极金属层；
具体地，可使用蒸镀设备比如蒸镀机在真空环境中，将包括但不限于金属铝、银、铜、钛或者它们的混合金属加热并镀到第一绝缘层102上形成源极、漏极金属层。
S122：对源极、漏极金属层图案化处理以形成源极103及漏极104。
具体地，对形成的源极、漏极金属层进行曝光、显影、刻蚀和剥离制程，形成图案化的源极103及漏极104。
可选的，源极103和漏极104的面积为200μm×300μm，源极103及漏极104的间距为10μm至50μm。
S13：形成覆盖源极103及漏极104的碳量子点有源层105；
参阅图5，该步骤S13可具体包括：
S131：将碳量子点溶解在辛烷中以形成第一混合溶液；
碳量子点又称碳点或碳纳米点，是一种类球形的碳颗粒，为粒径小于10nm的碳骨架和表面基团构成的荧光碳纳米材料，具有毒性小、生物相容性好、发光波长可调、易于功能化等优点。
其中，碳量子点可使用包括但不限于电化学方法、激光消融方法、热解法、模版法和微波辅助法制备出不同粒径的碳量子点，比如：使用激光消融法利用激光从石墨粉表面切下碳纳米粒子，将其与有机聚合物混合后，即获得直径小于5nm且具有光致发光特性的碳量子点，再比如：使用热解法对有机物进行高温热解也可获得碳量子点。
可选的，该第一混合溶液中碳量子点的浓度为2.5mg/ml。
S132：使用旋涂法在第一绝缘层102、源极103及漏极104上，将第一混合溶液旋涂成碳量子点膜层。
具体地，可在含有高纯惰性气体的手套箱中，将上述的含有碳量子点的第一混合溶液滴加至第一绝缘层102、源极103及漏极104上，并使用旋涂法在一定时间内形成一定厚度的碳量子点膜层。
可选的，惰性气体为氮气，旋涂法的转数为3000rpm，旋涂时间为30s。
S133：对碳量子点膜层进行真空烘烤以形成覆盖源极103及漏极104的碳量子点有源层105。
比如，在80℃的真空环境中对碳量子点膜层进行烘烤，在大约12个小时后即可形成覆盖源极103及漏极104的碳量子点有源层105。
S14：在碳量子点有源层105上依次形成第二绝缘层106及栅极107。
参阅图6，该步骤可具体包括：
S141：通过化学气相沉积法在碳量子点有源层105上沉积第二材料层；
其中，该第二材料层可以是氧化硅层、氧化铝层或氮化硅层，也可以是氧化硅、氧化铝及氮化硅中的多种混合层；该第二材料层的厚度可根据实际制备而定，本实施例中厚度以300nm为例。
S142：使用第二混合溶液对第二材料层进行浸泡冲洗；
具体地，可使用丙酮、甲醇和异丙醇的第二混合溶液对形成的第一材料层进行浸泡冲洗。
S143：烘干浸泡冲洗后的第二材料层以形成第二绝缘层106；
具体地，可在100℃的温度环境下对浸泡冲洗后的第二材料层进行烘干处理，烘干之后即可形成第二绝缘层106。
S144：以蒸镀的方式在第二绝缘层106上形成栅金属层；
具体地，可使用蒸镀设备比如蒸镀机在真空环境中，将包括但不限于金属铝、银、铜、钛或者它们的混合金属加热并镀到第二绝缘层106上形成栅金属层。
S145：对栅金属层进行图案化处理以形成栅极107。
具体地，对形成的栅金属层进行曝光、显影、刻蚀和剥离制程，形成图案化的栅极107。
可以看出，本实施例是基于碳量子点有源层制备薄膜晶体管的工艺方法，基于本实施例制备而成的薄膜晶体管包括顶栅型薄膜晶体管和底栅型薄膜晶体管，两者中均包括碳量子点有源层，其他各层结构采用上述方法中相对应的步骤制备而成即可。
参阅图2，本发明提供的场效应晶体管第一实施例包括：位于基板101上的源极103、漏极104以及与源极103和漏极104接触的有源层105。
其中，有源层105为碳量子点有源层。
进一步地，本实施例中的场效应晶体管还包括位于基板101上的第一绝缘层102、位于有源层105上的第二绝缘层106及绝缘层上的栅极107，其中，源极103、漏极104位于第一绝缘层102上，有源层105覆盖源极103及漏极104。
其中，本实施例中的场效应晶体管采用上述方法制备而成，在此不再赘述。
参阅图7，本发明提供的场效应晶体管第二实施例包括在硅片基板201上形成的第一绝缘层202、位于第一绝缘层202上的有源层203、位于有源层203上的源极204和漏极205、覆盖源极204和漏极205的第二绝缘层206及位于第二绝缘层上的栅极207。
其中，有源层203为碳量子点有源层。
本实施例中各层结构采用上述方法实施例中相对应的步骤制备而成，在此不再赘述。
参阅图8，本发明提供的场效应晶体管第三实施例包括在玻璃基板301上的有源层302、位于有源层302上的源极303和漏极304、位于源极303和漏极304上的绝缘层305及在绝缘层305上的栅极306。
其中，有源层302为碳量子点有源层。
本实施例中各层结构采用上述方法实施例中相对应的步骤制备而成，在此不再赘述。
上述场效应晶体管的三种实施例均为顶栅型场效应晶体管，均包括碳量子点有源层。
参阅图9，本发明提供的场效应晶体管第四实施例包括在玻璃基板401上由上至下依次层叠栅极402及绝缘层403、位于绝缘层403上的有源层404、位于有源层404上的源极405及漏极406。
其中，有源层404为碳量子点有源层。
本实施例中的各层结构采用上述方法实施例中相对应的步骤制备而成，在此不再赘述。
参阅图10，本发明提供的场效应晶体管第五实施例包括在塑料基板501上的第一绝缘层502、位于第一绝缘层502上的栅极503、位于栅极503上的第二绝缘层504、在第二绝缘层504上的有源层505、以及位于有源层505上的源极506和漏极507。
其中，有源层505为碳量子点有源层。
本实施例中的各层结构采用上述方法实施例中相对应的步骤制备而成，在此不再赘述。
上述场效应晶体管的两种实施例为底栅型场效应晶体管，均包括碳量子点有源层。
区别于现有技术，本发明通过在基板上沉积第一绝缘层；在第一绝缘层上形成源极及漏极；形成覆盖源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层；在碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极的方法，使用碳量子点为材料制备场效应晶体管中的有源层，丰富了场效应晶体管的制备材料，减少了现有技术中使用金属点膜层制备有源层时对环境的污染，同时降低了对金属元素的依赖性。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种场效应晶体管的制备方法，其中，所述方法包括：
    在基板上沉积第一绝缘层；
    在所述第一绝缘层上形成源极及漏极；
    形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层；
    在所述碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极；
    其中，所述形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层包括：
    将所述碳量子点溶解在辛烷中以形成第一混合溶液；
    使用旋涂法在所述第一绝缘层、源极及漏极上，将所述第一混合溶液旋涂成碳量子点膜层；
    对所述碳量子点膜层进行真空烘烤以形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的所述碳量子点有源层；
    所述在基板上沉积第一绝缘层包括：
    通过化学气相沉积法在所述基板上形成第一材料层，所述第一材料层为氧化硅层、氧化铝层、氮化硅层或所述氧化硅、氧化铝及氮化硅的混合层；
    使用第二混合溶液对所述第一材料层进行浸泡冲洗；
    烘干浸泡冲洗后的所述第一材料层以形成所述第一绝缘层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述在所述第一绝缘层上形成源极及漏极包括：
    以蒸镀的方式在所述第一绝缘层上形成源极、漏极金属层；
    对所述源极、漏极金属层图案化处理以形成所述源极及漏极。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述在所述碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极包括：
    通过化学气相沉积法在所述碳量子点有源层上沉积第二材料层，所述第二材料层为氧化硅层、氧化铝层、氮化硅层或所述氧化硅、氧化铝及氮化硅的混合层；
    使用所述第二混合溶液对所述第二材料层进行浸泡冲洗；
    烘干浸泡冲洗后的所述第二材料层以形成所述第二绝缘层。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述在所述碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极进一步包括：
    以蒸镀的方式在所述第二绝缘层上形成栅金属层；
    对所述栅金属层进行图案化处理以形成所述栅极。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第二混合溶液为丙酮、甲醇和异丙醇的混合溶液。
  6. 一种场效应晶体管的制备方法，其中，所述方法包括：
    在基板上沉积第一绝缘层；
    在所述第一绝缘层上形成源极及漏极；
    形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层；
    在所述碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的碳量子点有源层包括：
    将所述碳量子点溶解在辛烷中以形成第一混合溶液；
    使用旋涂法在所述第一绝缘层、源极及漏极上，将所述第一混合溶液旋涂成碳量子点膜层；
    对所述碳量子点膜层进行真空烘烤以形成覆盖所述源极及漏极的所述碳量子点有源层。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述在基板上沉积第一绝缘层包括：
    通过化学气相沉积法在所述基板上形成第一材料层，所述第一材料层为氧化硅层、氧化铝层、氮化硅层或所述氧化硅、氧化铝及氮化硅的混合层；
    使用第二混合溶液对所述第一材料层进行浸泡冲洗；
    烘干浸泡冲洗后的所述第一材料层以形成所述第一绝缘层。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述在所述第一绝缘层上形成源极及漏极包括：
    以蒸镀的方式在所述第一绝缘层上形成源极、漏极金属层；
    对所述源极、漏极金属层图案化处理以形成所述源极及漏极。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述在所述碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极包括：
    通过化学气相沉积法在所述碳量子点有源层上沉积第二材料层，所述第二材料层为氧化硅层、氧化铝层、氮化硅层或所述氧化硅、氧化铝及氮化硅的混合层；
    使用所述第二混合溶液对所述第二材料层进行浸泡冲洗；
    烘干浸泡冲洗后的所述第二材料层以形成所述第二绝缘层。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述在所述碳量子点有源层上依次形成第二绝缘层及栅极进一步包括：
    以蒸镀的方式在所述第二绝缘层上形成栅金属层；
    对所述栅金属层进行图案化处理以形成所述栅极。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述第二混合溶液为丙酮、甲醇和异丙醇的混合溶液。
  13. 一种场效应晶体管，其中，所述场效应晶体管包括：
    位于基板上的源极和漏极；
    与所述源极和所述漏极接触的有源层，其中，所述有源层为碳量子点有源层。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的场效应晶体管，其中，所述场效应晶体管进一步包括位于所述源极和所述漏极上的绝缘层及在所述绝缘层上的栅极。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的场效应晶体管，其中，所述场效应晶体管进一步包括在所述基板上由下至上依次层叠的栅极及绝缘层，所述碳量子点有源层位于所述绝缘层上，所述源极和所述漏极位于所述碳量子点有源层上。
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