WO2018176205A1 - 脂肪族胺及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

脂肪族胺及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018176205A1
WO2018176205A1 PCT/CN2017/078363 CN2017078363W WO2018176205A1 WO 2018176205 A1 WO2018176205 A1 WO 2018176205A1 CN 2017078363 W CN2017078363 W CN 2017078363W WO 2018176205 A1 WO2018176205 A1 WO 2018176205A1
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Prior art keywords
aliphatic
amine
aliphatic amine
amino acid
acid
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PCT/CN2017/078363
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭瑞璟
马明燕
林仁杰
迈恩尼克拉斯
耶格赫尔诺特
朗格斯坦格哈德
埃格特克里斯托夫
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科思创德国股份有限公司
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Application filed by 科思创德国股份有限公司 filed Critical 科思创德国股份有限公司
Priority to EP17902856.8A priority Critical patent/EP3604268A4/en
Priority to CN201780088914.XA priority patent/CN110461813A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/078363 priority patent/WO2018176205A1/zh
Priority to US16/496,598 priority patent/US20210107865A1/en
Publication of WO2018176205A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018176205A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C265/00—Derivatives of isocyanic acid
    • C07C265/14—Derivatives of isocyanic acid containing at least two isocyanate groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/68—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/01—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C211/02—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/09—Diamines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C263/00—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid
    • C07C263/10—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid by reaction of amines with carbonyl halides, e.g. with phosgene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/73—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates acyclic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aliphatic amine and a preparation method and application thereof, in particular in the field of curing agents.
  • the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of an aliphatic diisocyanate using an aliphatic diamine and an aliphatic diisocyanate prepared therefrom.
  • Aliphatic amines have received much attention as polymer raw materials derived from living organisms. Aliphatic amines are usually obtained from petroleum raw materials or amino acids. Due to the increasingly tight petroleum resources, the industry generally uses amino acid decarboxylation to prepare aliphatic amines.
  • Decarboxylation of an amino acid can be either biodecarboxylation or chemical decarboxylation.
  • Bio-decarboxylation is a process of fermentation and decarboxylation.
  • the fermentation process introduces many impurities including water, which is not conducive to the purification process of the final product aliphatic amine.
  • the fermentation and decarboxylation process also produces a large amount of carbon dioxide, which is not conducive to the environment. Therefore, the industry began to consider the use of chemical decarboxylation to prepare aliphatic amines.
  • US 2014/0275569 A1 discloses a process for the chemical decarboxylation of amino acids to produce imines.
  • the reaction solution contains an amino acid, a solvent and a ketone catalyst.
  • the boiling point of the solvent is lower than the boiling point of the cyclohexanol, and the maximum vapor pressure generated by the solvent does not exceed the ultimate pressure of the container.
  • the solvent can be n-propanol or water.
  • the solubility of amino acids in n-propanol is less than 1 g/100 g.
  • the solubility of the amino acid in water is more than 1 g/100 g, but the boiling point is lower than 100 ° C, and it cannot be used under normal pressure and 150 ° C reaction conditions.
  • JP 2014152158 A discloses a process for the chemical decarboxylation of amino acids to prepare aliphatic diamines.
  • the reaction solution contains an amino acid, a solvent, and an imine catalyst.
  • the solvent can be an alcohol, especially cyclohexanol.
  • CN101205160A discloses a method for chemical decarboxylation of amino acids, the reaction solution comprising an amino acid, a solvent and a carbonyl compound catalyst.
  • the solvent has a boiling point of 150-390 ° C and has a water-bearing action, and may be 2-ethylhexanol, dibenzyltoluene or isodecyl alcohol, and the solubility of the amino acid in the above solvent is less than 1 g/100 g.
  • the carbonyl compound catalyst may be a cyclic or acyclic ketone or aldehyde such as 2-cyclohexen-1-one or isophorone.
  • the aforementioned amino acid chemical decarboxylation reaction system often uses an organic solvent such as an alcohol, and the amino acid cannot be dissolved in the above organic solvent, thereby causing the decarboxylation reaction to be inefficient.
  • the aforementioned amino acid chemical decarboxylation reaction system uses a ketone compound, ammonium chloride or an imine compound as an in-phase catalyst, and the in-phase catalyst is not easily separated from the reaction product. Moreover, the in-phase catalyst accelerates the decarboxylation reaction and forms an imine intermediate, which makes the catalyst easy to deactivate.
  • a reaction component comprising an amino acid and an amine compound capable of dissolving the amino acid is reacted to obtain an aliphatic amine, and the content ratio of the amino acid to the amine compound is 1:10000-1:1. .
  • an aliphatic amine which is obtained by carrying out the process of the present invention, wherein the aliphatic amine has a purity of not less than 95% under conditions which are not purified.
  • the aliphatic diisocyanate provided by the present invention is obtained by phosgenating an aliphatic amine obtained by the method provided by the present invention, and the aliphatic amine is not purified.
  • the purity is not less than 95% under the conditions, and the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic diamine.
  • the phosgene method is preferably a gas phase phosgene method.
  • the polyamide provided by the present invention is obtained by reacting an aliphatic amine with a dibasic acid obtained by the method provided by the present invention, and the aliphatic amine is not purified.
  • the purity is not less than 95% under the conditions, and the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic diamine.
  • the polyisocyanate composition provided by the present invention is obtained by modifying an aliphatic diisocyanate obtained by phosgenating an aliphatic amine, and the aliphatic amine is Obtained by the method provided by the present invention; the aliphatic amine has a purity of not less than 95% under the condition of not being purified, the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic diamine, and the polyisocyanate composition contains one or more of the following groups; : Isocyanurate group, allophanate group, biuret group, carbamate group and urea group.
  • the polyurethane polymer provided by the present invention is obtained by reacting an aliphatic diisocyanate with an active hydrogen compound, and the aliphatic diisocyanate is obtained by phosgenating an aliphatic amine, and the aliphatic amine is According to the process provided by the present invention, the aliphatic amine has a purity of not less than 95% under conditions of no purification, and the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic diamine.
  • the polyurethane polymer provided by the present invention is obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate composition with an active hydrogen compound, and the polyisocyanate composition is obtained by modifying an aliphatic diisocyanate, an aliphatic diisocyanate. It is obtained by phosgenating an aliphatic amine obtained by the method provided by the present invention.
  • the aliphatic amine has a purity of not less than 95% under the condition of not being purified, and the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic two.
  • the amine, polyisocyanate composition comprises one or more of the following groups: isocyanurate groups, allophanate groups, biuret groups, carbamate groups, and urea groups.
  • a process for the preparation of an aliphatic diisocyanate obtained by phosgenating an aliphatic amine to obtain an aliphatic diisocyanate obtained by the method according to the present invention is provided.
  • the aliphatic amine has a purity of not less than 95% under conditions of no purification, and the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic diamine.
  • the phosgenation is preferably a gas phase phosgene method.
  • the aliphatic diamine obtained by the method provided by the present invention can be directly phosgenated to obtain an aliphatic diisocyanate without a purification step.
  • the aliphatic amine has a purity of not less than 95% under conditions of no purification, and the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic diamine.
  • the aliphatic diamine obtained by the method provided by the present invention can be directly polymerized with a dibasic acid to obtain a polyamide without a purification step.
  • a method for producing a polyisocyanate composition which comprises modifying an aliphatic diisocyanate to obtain a polyisocyanate composition by phosgenating an aliphatic amine to obtain an aliphatic diisocyanate.
  • the aliphatic amine is obtained according to the method provided by the present invention, the aliphatic amine is not less than 95% pure in the condition of not being purified, the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic diamine, and the polyisocyanate composition comprises the following groups One or more of: isocyanurate group, allophanate group, biuret group, urethane group and urea group.
  • the aliphatic diamine obtained by the method provided by the present invention can be directly phosgenated to obtain an aliphatic diisocyanate without a purification step.
  • a method for producing a polyurethane polymer which comprises obtaining an aliphatic diisocyanate by reacting an aliphatic amine with an aliphatic diisocyanate, reacting an aliphatic diisocyanate with an active hydrogen compound to obtain a polyurethane polymer,
  • the aliphatic amine is obtained according to the method provided by the present invention.
  • the aliphatic amine has a purity of not less than 95% under conditions of no purification, and the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic diamine.
  • the aliphatic diamine obtained by the method provided by the present invention can be directly phosgenated to obtain an aliphatic diisocyanate without a purification step.
  • a method for producing a polyurethane polymer which comprises modifying an aliphatic diisocyanate to obtain a polyisocyanate composition by phosgenating an aliphatic amine to obtain an aliphatic diisocyanate.
  • the polyisocyanate composition is reacted with an active hydrogen compound to obtain a polyurethane polymer obtained by the method provided by the present invention.
  • the aliphatic amine has a purity of not less than 95% under conditions of no purification, and the aliphatic amine is fat.
  • the family diamine, polyisocyanate composition comprises one or more of the following groups: isocyanurate groups, allophanate groups, biuret groups, carbamate groups, and urea groups.
  • the aliphatic diamine obtained by the method provided by the present invention may not require a purification step. Direct phosgenation gives an aliphatic diisocyanate.
  • the use of the aliphatic diamine obtained by the method according to the present invention provided by the present invention for preparing a curing agent the aliphatic amine having a purity of not less than 95% under the condition of not being purified .
  • a curing agent comprising an aliphatic amine obtained according to the method of the present invention, the aliphatic amine having a purity of not less than 95% under conditions of no purification .
  • the aliphatic diamine obtained by the method provided by the present invention provided by the present invention is used for preparing a polyamide, and the aliphatic amine has a purity of not less than 95% under the condition of not being purified.
  • the aliphatic amine is an aliphatic diamine.
  • soluble means that the solubility of the amino acid in the compound is not less than 1/100 g at 100 ° C under normal pressure.
  • solubility of an amino acid in a compound of less than 1/100 g at 100 ° C under normal pressure is said to be insoluble.
  • the present invention uses an amine compound which can dissolve the amino acid, thereby improving the efficiency of the chemical decarboxylation reaction and increasing the amino acid conversion rate.
  • the present invention also preferably employs a solid catalyst which not only improves the efficiency of the chemical decarboxylation reaction, but also increases the conversion of the amino acid, and the solid catalyst does not form an imine intermediate which deactivates the solid catalyst in the chemical decarboxylation process, and the aliphatic amine product By-products are reduced and the purity is increased.
  • the solid catalyst is easily separated from the aliphatic amine product as a heterogeneous catalyst in the chemical decarboxylation reaction.
  • the present invention also uses a compound which can provide free hydrogen ions, and the released free hydrogen ions can assist in the progress of the chemical decarboxylation reaction and increase the amino acid conversion rate.
  • the present invention actually provides a method for preparing an aliphatic amine by chemical decarboxylation of an amino acid with high chemical decarboxylation reaction, high amino acid conversion rate, high purity of an aliphatic amine product, long catalyst life and easy purification of the reaction product.
  • the aliphatic diamine provided by the present invention has a purity of not less than 95% under conditions of no purification.
  • the purification step of the aliphatic diamine as a raw material before entering the next reaction can be eliminated, and the production efficiency is improved.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing an aliphatic amine, which comprises reacting a reaction component comprising an amino acid and an amine compound capable of dissolving the amino acid to obtain the aliphatic amine, and the content ratio of the amino acid to the amine compound is 1:10000-1:1.
  • the invention also provides the aliphatic amines prepared by the process and their use, in particular in curing agents, in the preparation of aliphatic diisocyanates and in the preparation of polyamides.
  • the content ratio of the amino acid to the amine compound is preferably 1:1000 to 1:1, further preferably 1:100 to 1:2, and most preferably 1:1 to 1:2.
  • the aliphatic amine may be an aliphatic diamine.
  • the aliphatic diamine is preferably one or more of pentane diamine, isophorone diamine, 1,10-decanediamine and diaminocyclohexylmethane, further preferably pentamethylenediamine, most preferably 1,5 - pentadecylamine.
  • the amino acid preferably comprises not less than two amino groups, more preferably two amino groups, most preferably lysine.
  • the amino acid may be present in one or more of the following forms: an amino acid salt, an amino acid hydrate, an amino acid derivative, and a treated or untreated amino acid fermentation broth, preferably in the form of an amino acid salt.
  • the amino acid salt may be one or more of the following: an amino acid organic acid salt such as a formate, acetate, adipate, oxalate, 2-ethylhexanoate, stearate, hydrazine Diacid salts, succinates, sulfonates, amino acid mineral acid salts such as nitrates, sulfates, hydrochlorides, phosphates, carbonates, hydrogencarbonates.
  • the amino acid salt is preferably an amino acid hydrochloride and/or an amino acid carbonate, most preferably an amino acid hydrochloride.
  • the amine compound may be an aliphatic amine or an aromatic amine, preferably an aliphatic amine, more preferably an aliphatic amine having the same or similar structure as the aliphatic amine, and most preferably an aliphatic two. amine.
  • the aliphatic diamine may be selected from one or more of the following: one or more selected from the group consisting of pentamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine, 1,10-decanediamine and diaminocyclohexylmethane, preferably Pentamethylenediamine is most preferably 1,5-pentanediamine.
  • the amine compound may have a boiling point above 150 °C.
  • the amine compound has a high boiling point, and the chemical decarboxylation reaction can be carried out at a relatively high reaction temperature to shorten the reaction time.
  • reacting a reaction component comprising an amino acid and an amine compound which can dissolve the amino acid means that the amino acid undergoes a chemical decarboxylation reaction at a reaction temperature of from 100 to 250 ° C, most preferably from 150 to 250 ° C.
  • the reaction component may further comprise a catalyst in an amount of not less than 0.1%, preferably not less than 1%, based on 100% by weight of the amino acid.
  • the catalyst can be a Brnsted acid catalyst.
  • the Bronsted acid catalyst is preferably a Braggs acid solid catalyst.
  • the Braggs acid solid catalyst is preferably a molecular sieve catalyst.
  • the molecular sieve catalyst is preferably a 4A molecular sieve and/or a Y molecular sieve.
  • the reaction component may further comprise a compound which can provide a free hydrogen ion in an amount of from 0.001 to 10 molar equivalents, calculated as a molar content of the amine compound which can dissolve the amino acid of 1 mol.
  • the content of the free hydrogen ion is preferably 0.001 to 2 molar equivalents to dissolve the amino group
  • the molar content of the acid amine compound is calculated as 1 mol.
  • the compound which can provide a hydrogen ion may be a mineral acid and/or an organic acid.
  • the mineral acid may be hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid.
  • the organic acid may be p-toluenesulfonic acid.
  • the aliphatic diamine is preferably 1,5-pentanediamine, and the aliphatic diisocyanate is preferably 1,5-pentane diisocyanate.
  • the aliphatic diamine may also be present in the form of a salt.
  • the phosgenation includes a liquid phase phosgene method, a gas phase phosgene method, and a solid phase phosgene method, preferably a gas phase phosgene method.
  • a stabilizer may be added to the prepared 1,5-pentane diisocyanate.
  • the stabilizer may be an antioxidant, an acidic compound, a compound containing a sulfonamide group or an organic phosphite.
  • the amount of the stabilizer to be added is not particularly limited and may be appropriately set according to needs and uses.
  • the antioxidant may be a hindered phenolic antioxidant.
  • the acidic compound may be an organic acidic compound.
  • the sulfonamide group-containing compound may be an aromatic sulfonamide or an aliphatic sulfonamide.
  • the dibasic acid may be an aliphatic dibasic acid which may be prepared by a chemical method or may be prepared by a biological method.
  • the aliphatic dibasic acid is preferably one or more of the following: oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid. , eleven carbon dibasic acid, dodecane dibasic acid, thirteen carbon dibasic acid, fourteen carbon dibasic acid, fifteen carbon dibasic acid, sixteen carbon dibasic acid, seventeen carbon dibasic acid and An octadecyl dibasic acid, most preferably a dodecane dibasic acid, adipic acid or sebacic acid.
  • the aliphatic diamine is preferably an aliphatic primary diamine, further preferably pentane diamine, hexamethylenediamine or butanediamine, and most preferably 1,5-pentanediamine.
  • the polyamide reaction can be a method known to those skilled in the art, preferably melt polymerization.
  • the melt polymerization is preferably carried out in the presence of an anti-oxidation catalyst.
  • the antioxidant catalyst is preferably phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid or a salt or ester thereof.
  • the polyamide reaction can also be combined with other ingredients at any stage.
  • the other ingredients may be one or more of the following: antioxidants, heat stabilizers, weathering agents, anti-blocking agents, lubricants, pigments, dyes, crystallization nucleating agents, plasticizers, antistatic agents, flame retardants Agents, fillers and other polymers.
  • the antioxidant and/or heat stabilizer may be selected from the group consisting of a hindered phenol compound, a hydroquinone compound, a hydroquinone compound, a phosphite compound, and a substituent thereof, a copper halide or an iodide.
  • the weathering agent may be selected from the group consisting of a resorcinol compound, a salicylate compound, a benzotriazole compound, a benzophenone compound, or a hindered amine compound.
  • the release agent and/or lubricant may be selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amides, aliphatic bisamides, diureas or polyethylene waxes.
  • the pigment may be selected from the group consisting of cadmium sulfide, phthalocyanine or carbon black.
  • the dye may be selected from the group consisting of: nigrosine or aniline black.
  • the crystallization nucleating agent may be selected from inorganic particles or metal oxides such as talc or boron nitride, silica, kaolin, clay or high melting point nylon.
  • the plasticizer may be selected from the group consisting of: octyl p-hydroxybenzoate or N-butylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • the antistatic agent may be selected from the group consisting of an alkyl sulfate type anionic antistatic agent, a quaternary ammonium salt type cationic antistatic agent, and a nonionic antistatic agent such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate or Betaine is an amphoteric antistatic agent.
  • the flame retardant may be selected from the group consisting of: melamine cyanurate, hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, etc., ammonium polyphosphate, brominated polystyrene, brominated polyphenylene ether, brominated polycarbonate, Brominated epoxy resins or combinations of these brominated flame retardants with antimony trioxide.
  • the filler may be selected from the group consisting of: glass fiber, carbon fiber, carbon black, black ink, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc, Lead, nickel, aluminum, copper, iron, stainless steel, bentonite, montmorillonite, mica and other granular, needle-like or plate-like filling materials.
  • the other polymer may be selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polycarbonate, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, liquid crystal polymer, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, ABS resin, AS resin. Or polystyrene.
  • the polyamide may be molded into a desired shape, which may be injection molding, film molding, melt spinning, blow molding, or vacuum forming.
  • the aliphatic diisocyanate is preferably pentane diisocyanate.
  • the polyisocyanate group-containing polyisocyanate composition may be a trimer of pentane diisocyanate obtained by trimerization of pentane diisocyanate in the presence of an isocyanuration catalyst.
  • the allophanate group-containing polyisocyanate composition may be an allophanate modification of pentane diisocyanate, which may be present in the presence of an allophanation catalyst after reacting pentane diisocyanate with a monol Further, the reaction is obtained.
  • the polyisocyanate composition containing a biuret group may be a biuret modified product of pentane diisocyanate, which may be reacted in the presence of a biuretization catalyst by reacting pentane diisocyanate, water, a tertiary alcohol, and a secondary amine. Further, the reaction is obtained.
  • the urethane group-containing polyisocyanate composition may be a polyol modification of pentane diisocyanate obtained by reacting pentane diisocyanate with a polyol.
  • the uret group-containing polyisocyanate composition may be a polyamine modification of pentane diisocyanate obtained by reacting pentane diisocyanate with water or a polyamine.
  • the above polyisocyanate composition is preferably a pentane isocyanate trimer.
  • the preparation method of the pentane diisocyanate trimer may be a method in which a pentylene diisocyanate and an alcohol are trimerized in the presence of a trimerization catalyst, followed by removal of unreacted pentane diisocyanate.
  • the isocyanate group concentration in the polyisocyanate composition is preferably from 10 to 28%.
  • the mass ratio of the alcohol to pentane diisocyanate is from 0.001 to 0.05, preferably from 0.002 to 0.03.
  • the alcohol may be a monohydric alcohol, a dihydric alcohol, a trihydric alcohol or a tetrahydric or higher alcohol, preferably a monohydric alcohol and/or a dihydric alcohol, most preferably a monohydric alcohol.
  • the monohydric alcohol may be a linear monohydric alcohol or a branched monohydric alcohol.
  • the linear monohydric alcohol may be methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, n-nonanol, n-nonanol, n-undecyl alcohol , n-dodecanol, n-tridecyl alcohol, n-tetradecyl alcohol, n-pentadecanol, n-hexadecanol, n-heptadecanol, n-octadecyl alcohol, n-nonadecanol or two Decalkanol.
  • the branched monohydric alcohol may be isopropanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, isoamyl alcohol, isohexanol, isoheptanol, isooctanol, 2-ethylhexane-1- Alcohol, isodecyl alcohol, isodecyl alcohol, 5-ethyl-2-nonanol, trimethyl decyl alcohol or 2-hexyl decyl alcohol.
  • the diol may be ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-dihydroxy-2- Butylene, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5- Pentylene glycol, 2,2,2-dimethylpentanediol, 3,3-dimethylol heptane, 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3- or 1, 4-cyclohexanediol, hydrogenated bisphenol A or bisphenol A.
  • the triol may be glycerin or trimethylolpropane.
  • the quaternary or higher alcohol may be tetramethylolethane, D-sorbitol, xylitol or D-mannitol.
  • the alcohol may be used in combination with an active hydrogen compound such as a mercaptan, an anthracene, a lactam, a phenol or a ⁇ -fluorenone.
  • an active hydrogen compound such as a mercaptan, an anthracene, a lactam, a phenol or a ⁇ -fluorenone.
  • the trimerization catalyst is a catalyst having a catalytic effect on trimerization, such as a hydroxide of a tetraalkylammonium or an organic weak acid salt thereof, a hydroxide of a trialkylhydroxyalkylammonium or an organic weak acid salt thereof.
  • a catalytic effect on trimerization such as a hydroxide of a tetraalkylammonium or an organic weak acid salt thereof, a hydroxide of a trialkylhydroxyalkylammonium or an organic weak acid salt thereof.
  • trimerization catalyst is a catalyst having a catalytic effect on trimerization, such as a hydroxide of a tetraalkylammonium or an organic weak acid salt thereof, a hydroxide of a trialkylhydroxyalkylammonium or an organic weak acid salt thereof.
  • the mass ratio of the trimerization catalyst to pentane diisocyanate may be 0.000005:1 to 0.003:1, preferably 0.00001:1 to 0.001:1, and most preferably 0.00001:1 to 0.0005:1.
  • the method of preparing a pentamethylene diisocyanate trimer may also add an organic phosphite cocatalyst.
  • the method for preparing the pentamethylene isocyanate trimer is preferably carried out under an inert gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen, the reaction pressure may be normal pressure, the reaction temperature is 30-100 ° C, preferably 40-80 ° C, and the reaction time is 0.5-10.
  • the hour is preferably 1-5 hours.
  • the equivalent ratio of the isocyanate group of the pentane diisocyanate to the hydroxyl group of the alcohol is 20 or more, preferably 30 or more, more preferably 40 or more, most preferably 60 or more, and usually 1,000 or less.
  • the conversion of the isocyanate groups of the pentylene diisocyanate is from 5 to 35% by weight, preferably from 5 to 30% by weight, most preferably from 5 to 25% by weight.
  • the conversion of the isocyanate group can be measured by high-efficiency GPC, NMR, isocyanate group concentration, refractive index, density, infrared spectrum, or the like.
  • the polyurethane polymer can be obtained by reacting the above aliphatic diisocyanate and/or the above polyisocyanate composition with an active hydrogen compound.
  • the active hydrogen compound may be a polyol or a polyamine compound.
  • the polyol preferably has two or more hydroxyl groups.
  • the polyol may be a low molecular weight polyol having a number average molecular weight of less than 400 having two or more hydroxyl groups, one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butylene.
  • Glycol 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentyl Glycol, 2,2,2-trimethylpentanediol, 3,3-dimethylolpentane, alkanediol, 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and mixtures thereof , 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexanediol and mixtures thereof, hydrogenated bisphenol A, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene, 2,6-dimethyl-1-octene-3 , 8-diol, bisphenol A, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, tetramethylolethane, diglycerin, xylitol, sorbitol,
  • the polyhydric alcohol may also be a high molecular weight polyol having a number average molecular weight of 400 or more having two or more hydroxyl groups, and one or more selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and polycarbonate polyols.
  • the polyether polyol may be polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene ether glycol.
  • the polyester polyol may be a polycondensate obtained by reacting the low molecular weight polyol having a number average molecular weight of less than 400 having two or more hydroxyl groups with a polybasic acid under known conditions.
  • the polybasic acid is selected from one or more of the following: oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, methyl succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, 1,1-decylmethyl-1,3-dicarboxyl Propane, 3-methyl-3-ethylglutaric acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, A terephthalic acid, a naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, a hexahydrophthalic acid, a dimer acid, a hydrogenated dimer acid, a chlorinated acid, an acid anhydride derived from the above carboxylic acid such as oxalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, ortho Phthalic anhydride, 2-alkyl succinic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, trim
  • the polyester polyol may also be a polyester polyol of plant origin.
  • the polycarbonate polyol may be a diol such as 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol or 1,6-hexanediol.
  • An amorphous polycarbonate polyol obtained by copolymerization with a ring-opening polymer.
  • the polyurethane polyol can react the polyester polyol, the polyether polyol and/or the polycarbonate polyol obtained as described above with an isocyanate to form a polyester polyurethane polyol, a polyether polyurethane polyol, a polycarbonate polyurethane It is obtained in the form of an alcohol or a polyester polyether polyurethane polyol.
  • the equivalent ratio of the hydroxyl group of the polyurethane polyol to the isocyanate group of the isocyanate exceeds 1.
  • the epoxy polyol can be obtained by reacting the low molecular weight polyol having a number average molecular weight of less than 400 having two or more hydroxyl groups with a polyfunctional halogenated alcohol.
  • the vegetable oil polyol may be obtained by reacting a castor oil polyol or a castor oil fatty acid with a polypropylene polyol.
  • the polyolefin polyol may be a polybutadiene polyol or a partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • the acrylic polyol can be obtained by copolymerizing a hydroxyl group-containing acrylate with a copolymerizable vinyl monomer copolymerizable with a hydroxyl group-containing acrylate.
  • the acrylic polyol is preferably a siloxane polyol or a fluorine-containing polyol.
  • the polyamine compound preferably has two or more amino groups.
  • the polyamine compound is selected from one or more of the group consisting of aromatic polyamines, aromatic aliphatic polyamines, alicyclic polyamines, aliphatic polyamines, amino alcohols, having primary amino groups, or primary and secondary amino groups. Alkoxysilyl compound and polyoxyethylene containing polyamine.
  • the aromatic polyamine may be 4,4'-diphenylmethanediamine and/or toluenediamine.
  • the aromatic aliphatic polyamine may be 1,3- and/or 1,4-dimethylenediamine.
  • the alicyclic polyamine may be selected from one or more of the following: 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethanediamine, 2 ,5(2,6)-bis(aminomethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,4-cyclohexanediamine, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-three Methylcyclohexane, bis-(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, diaminocyclohexane, 3,9-bis(3-aminopropyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5 Undecane and 1,3- and 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane.
  • the aliphatic polyamine may be ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, Ruthenium hydrate, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, I,2-diaminoethane, 1,2-diaminopropane or 1,3-diaminopentane .
  • the amino alcohol may be N-(2-aminoethyl)ethanolamine.
  • the alkoxysilyl compound having a primary amino group or a primary amino group and a secondary amino group may be an alkane such as ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane or N-phenyl- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • the polyoxyethylene group-containing polyamine may be a polyoxyalkylene ether diamine such as polyoxyethylene ether diamine.
  • These polyamine compounds may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
  • a well-known additive can be added to the preparation reaction of the polyurethane polymer.
  • the additive is selected from one or more of the following: a plasticizer, an anti-caking agent, a heat-resistant stabilizer, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant, a mold release agent, a catalyst, a pigment, a dye, a lubricant, a filler, and Anti-hydrolysis agent.
  • the additive may be added at the time of synthesis of each reaction component, or may be added during mixing or dissolution of each reaction component, or may be added after synthesis.
  • the polyurethane polymer can be produced by a polymerization method such as bulk polymerization or solution polymerization.
  • the bulk polymerization may be carried out by adding an active hydrogen compound to the aliphatic diisocyanate and/or the polyisocyanate composition while stirring under a nitrogen stream, and reacting at 50-250 ° C, preferably 50-200 ° C. -15 hours.
  • the solution polymerization may be carried out by adding an aliphatic diisocyanate and/or a polyisocyanate composition, an active hydrogen compound to an organic solvent, and reacting at 50 to 120 ° C, preferably 50 to 100 ° C for 0.5 to 15 hours.
  • the method for producing a polyurethane polymer can remove unreacted aliphatic diisocyanate and/or polyisocyanate composition by a known method such as distillation or extraction.
  • the equivalent ratio of the isocyanate group in the aliphatic diisocyanate and/or polyisocyanate composition to the active hydrogen group and/or the hydroxyl group and/or the amino group in the active hydrogen compound may be 0.75-1.3. , preferably 0.9-1.1.
  • the amino acid conversion rate was analyzed by SBA-50B biosensing of the Institute of Biology, Shandong Academy of Sciences. Instrument measurement.
  • the purity of the aliphatic amine reaction product was measured by gas chromatography. Prepare a 5% (mass fraction) aliphatic amine solution using methanol as the organic phase, set the vaporization temperature of the aliphatic amine solution to 250 ° C, inject 0.2 ⁇ L, and start the gas chromatography column at 120 ° C for 2 minutes. The temperature was raised to 200 ° C at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min for 20 minutes, and the aliphatic amine and lysine were separated by a non-polar column with 100% dimethylpolysiloxane as a stationary phase. Finally, the purity of the aliphatic amine was calculated by the area percentage method.
  • the vessel was evacuated and filled with nitrogen gas. After repeating this three times, an amine compound capable of dissolving the amino acid was added to the vessel under nitrogen protection, and heated to the reaction temperature by refluxing under reflux. Subsequently, an amino acid, a catalyst, and a compound which can provide a free hydrogen ion are added to the vessel under nitrogen protection to obtain a reaction component, magnetic stirring is started until the reaction component is completely dissolved, and then reacted at a reaction temperature and a normal pressure to obtain a reaction product.
  • a 250 mL autoclave (EasyChem E250 micro high pressure reactor, Beijing Century Senlang Experimental Instrument Co., Ltd.) was evacuated and filled with nitrogen. After repeating this three times, 1,5- was added to the reactor under nitrogen protection. Pentylenediamine, lysine and Y zeolite catalysts. The autoclave was sealed, the stirring was started, the nitrogen gas was stopped, and the reaction was carried out at 220 ° C, 1 bar for 10 minutes, and then the temperature was lowered to room temperature to obtain a reaction product. The conversion of lysine was 94%, and the purity of 1,5-pentanediamine in the organic phase of the reaction product was 96.82%.
  • Comparative Examples 1-3, 10 and Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 using an ethylene glycol solvent, the amino acid conversion and the purity of the aliphatic amine product were significantly lower than the chemical decarboxylation reaction using an amine compound.
  • Comparing Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 2 used a cyclohexanol solvent which could not dissolve the lysine, and the amino acid conversion rate and the purity of the aliphatic amine product were significantly lower than those used to dissolve the lysine. Chemical decarboxylation of amine compounds.
  • Comparative Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 using a ketone catalyst, i.e., an in-phase catalyst, the amino acid amino acid conversion and the purity of the aliphatic amine product were significantly lower than the chemical decarboxylation reaction using a heterogeneous catalyst.
  • a ketone catalyst i.e., an in-phase catalyst
  • the chemical decarboxylation reaction using a molecular sieve catalyst has a higher amino acid conversion rate than the chemical decarboxylation reaction using a ketone in-phase catalyst.
  • Example 2 Comparing Example 2 and Example 3, the chemical decarboxylation reaction of a compound which can provide free hydrogen ions, the amino acid conversion rate and the purity of the aliphatic amine product were improved.

Abstract

本发明涉及脂肪族胺及其制备方法和应用，特别是在固化剂中的应用。该制备脂肪族胺的方法是使包含氨基酸和可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物的反应组分反应得到脂肪族胺，所述氨基酸与胺化合物的含量比为1：10000-1：1，优选1：100-1：2，最优选1：10-1：2。本发明所提供的制备脂肪族胺的方法的反应速率高、氨基酸转化率高、脂肪族产物纯度高、催化剂寿命长和反应产物易于提纯。

Description

脂肪族胺及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种脂肪族胺及其制备方法和应用，特别是在固化剂领域的应用。本发明还涉及将脂肪族二胺用于制备脂肪族二异氰酸酯的方法及其制备得到的脂肪族二异氰酸酯。
背景技术
脂肪族胺作为来自生物体的聚合物原料广受关注。脂肪族胺通常由石油原料或氨基酸得到。由于石油资源日趋紧张，业内一般使用氨基酸脱羧制备脂肪族胺。
氨基酸的脱羧可以是生物脱羧，也可以是化学脱羧。生物脱羧是一个发酵和脱羧的过程，发酵过程会引入包括水在内的很多杂质，不利于最终产品脂肪族胺的提纯过程，发酵和脱羧过程还会产生大量的二氧化碳，不利于环境。因此，业内开始考虑采用化学脱羧制备脂肪族胺的方法。
G.Laval,B.T.Golding在Synlett，2003，542-546对赖氨酸在氯化铵催化剂存在下，在有机溶剂中化学脱羧制备戊二胺进行了描述。
US2014/0275569A1公开了一种氨基酸化学脱羧制备亚胺的方法。反应溶液包含氨基酸、溶剂和酮类催化剂，溶剂沸点低于环己醇的沸点，溶剂产生的最大水汽压不超过容器极限压值。溶剂可以是正丙醇或水。氨基酸在正丙醇中的溶解度小于1g/100g。氨基酸在水中的溶解度大于1g/100g，但是沸点低于100℃，无法在常压、150℃的反应条件下使用。
Chemistry letter，1986，893-896对氨基酸在酮类催化剂存在下，在环己醇溶剂中化学脱羧制备脂肪族二胺，氨基酸在环己醇中的溶解度小于1g/100g。
JP2014152158A公开了一种氨基酸化学脱羧制备脂肪族二胺的方法。反应溶液包含氨基酸、溶剂和亚胺催化剂。溶剂可以是醇类，尤其是环己醇。
CN101205160A公开了一种氨基酸化学脱羧的方法，反应溶液包含氨基酸、溶剂和羰基化合物催化剂。溶剂的沸点为150-390℃，具有带水作用，可以是2-乙基己醇、二苄基甲苯或异壬醇，氨基酸在上述溶剂中溶解度小于1g/100g。羰基化合物催化剂可以是环状或非环状的酮或醛，例如2-环己烯-1-酮或异佛尔酮。
前述氨基酸化学脱羧反应体系常常使用有机溶剂例如醇类，氨基酸不能溶解于上述有机溶剂，从而导致脱羧反应效率很低。前述氨基酸化学脱羧反应体系以酮类化合物、氯化铵或亚胺化合物作为同相催化剂，同相催化剂不易于与反应产物分离。并且，同相催化剂在加速脱羧反应的同时，还会形成亚胺中间体，使催化剂易于失活。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种脂肪族胺及其制备方法和应用，特别是在固化剂中的应用。
根据本发明的制备脂肪族胺的方法，使包含一氨基酸和一可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物的反应组分反应得到脂肪族胺，氨基酸与胺化合物的含量比为1：10000-1：1。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种脂肪族胺，其通过实施本发明所提供的方法得到，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的脂肪族二异氰酸酯，其通过将脂肪族胺光气化得到，脂肪族胺是根据本发明所提供的方法得到的，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺。
所述光气法优选气相光气法。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的聚酰胺，其通过脂肪族胺和二元酸反应得到，脂肪族胺是根据本发明所提供的方法得到的，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的聚异氰酸酯组合物，其通过将脂肪族二异氰酸酯改性得到的，脂肪族二异氰酸酯是通过将脂肪族胺光气化得到的，脂肪族胺是本发明所提供的方法得到的；脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺，聚异氰酸酯组合物包含下列基团中的一种或多种：异氰脲酸酯基、脲基甲酸酯基、缩二脲基、氨基甲酸酯基和脲基。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的聚氨酯聚合物，其通过脂肪族二异氰酸酯和活性氢化合物反应得到，脂肪族二异氰酸酯是通过将脂肪族胺光气化得到的，脂肪族胺是根据本发明所提供的方法得到的，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的聚氨酯聚合物，其通过聚异氰酸酯组合物与活性氢化合物反应得到，聚异氰酸酯组合物是通过将脂肪族二异氰酸酯改性得到的，脂肪族二异氰酸酯是通过将脂肪族胺光气化得到的，脂肪族胺是根据本发明所提供的方法得到的，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺，聚异氰酸酯组合物包含下列基团中的一种或多种：异氰脲酸酯基、脲基甲酸酯基、缩二脲基、氨基甲酸酯基和脲基。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的制备脂肪族二异氰酸酯的方法，其通过使一脂肪族胺光气化得到脂肪族二异氰酸酯，脂肪族胺是根据本发明所提供的方法得到的，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺。
所述光气化优选气相光气法。
根据本发明所提供的方法得到的脂肪族二胺，可以不需要提纯步骤，直接光气化得到脂肪族二异氰酸酯。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的制备聚酰胺的方法，其通过使一脂肪族胺和一二元酸聚合得到聚酰胺，脂肪族胺是根据本发明所提 供的方法得到的，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺。
根据本发明所提供的方法得到的脂肪族二胺，可以不需要提纯步骤，直接与二元酸聚合得到聚酰胺。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的制备聚异氰酸酯组合物的方法，其通过使一脂肪族胺光气化得到脂肪族二异氰酸酯，使脂肪族二异氰酸酯改性得到聚异氰酸酯组合物，脂肪族胺是根据本发明所提供的方法得到的，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺，聚异氰酸酯组合物包含下列基团中的一种或多种：异氰脲酸酯基、脲基甲酸酯基、缩二脲基、氨基甲酸酯基和脲基。
根据本发明所提供的方法得到的脂肪族二胺，可以不需要提纯步骤，直接光气化得到脂肪族二异氰酸酯。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的制备聚氨酯聚合物的方法，其通过使一脂肪族胺光气化得到脂肪族二异氰酸酯，脂肪族二异氰酸酯和活性氢化合物反应得到聚氨酯聚合物，脂肪族胺是根据本发明所提供的方法得到的，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺。
根据本发明所提供的方法得到的脂肪族二胺，可以不需要提纯步骤，直接光气化得到脂肪族二异氰酸酯。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的制备聚氨酯聚合物的方法，其通过使一脂肪族胺光气化得到脂肪族二异氰酸酯，使脂肪族二异氰酸酯改性得到聚异氰酸酯组合物，使聚异氰酸酯组合物和活性氢化合物反应得到聚氨酯聚合物，脂肪族胺是根据本发明所提供的方法得到的，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺，聚异氰酸酯组合物包含下列基团中的一种或多种：异氰脲酸酯基、脲基甲酸酯基、缩二脲基、氨基甲酸酯基和脲基。
根据本发明所提供的方法得到的脂肪族二胺，可以不需要提纯步骤， 直接光气化得到脂肪族二异氰酸酯。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的根据本发明所提供的方法得到的脂肪族二胺用于制备固化剂的用途，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供一种固化剂，其包含根据本发明所提供的方法得到的脂肪族胺，所述脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本发明所提供的根据本发明所提供的方法得到的脂肪族二胺用于制备聚酰胺的用途，脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺。
术语可以溶解是指在100℃、常压下，氨基酸在化合物中的溶解度不小于1/100g。在本发明中，在100℃、常压下，氨基酸在化合物中的溶解度小于1/100g的称为不能溶解。
本发明使用可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物，从而提高化学脱羧反应效率，提高氨基酸转化率。另一方面优选使用和所需制备的脂肪族胺相同的可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物，可以简化脂肪族胺产物的分离步骤。
本发明还优选使用固体催化剂，不仅能提高化学脱羧反应效率，提高氨基酸转化率，而且固体催化剂不会在化学脱羧过程中形成使固体催化剂失活的亚胺中间体，且脂肪族胺产物中的副产物减少，纯度提高。此外，固体催化剂作为化学脱羧反应中的异相催化剂，易于与脂肪族胺产物分离。
本发明还使用可以提供游离氢离子的化合物，其释放出的游离氢离子可以帮助化学脱羧反应的进行，提高氨基酸转化率。
因此，本发明实际提供了一种化学脱羧反应效率高、氨基酸转化率高、脂肪族胺产物纯度高、催化剂寿命长和反应产物易于提纯的氨基酸化学脱羧制备脂肪族胺的方法。
此外，本发明提供的脂肪族二胺在未经提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％， 可以免除脂肪族二胺作为原料进入下一个反应前的提纯步骤，提高了生产效率。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种制备脂肪族胺的方法，使包含一氨基酸和一可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物的反应组分反应得到所述脂肪族胺，所述氨基酸与所述胺化合物的含量比为1：10000-1：1。本发明还提供了该方法制备得到的脂肪族胺及其应用，特别是在固化剂中的应用、在脂肪族二异氰酸酯的制备中的应用和在聚酰胺的制备中的应用。
制备脂肪族胺的方法
所述氨基酸与所述胺化合物的含量比优选1：1000-1：1，进一步优选1：100-1：2，最优选1：10-1：2。
脂肪族胺
所述脂肪族胺可以是脂肪族二胺。
所述脂肪族二胺优选戊二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、1，10-癸二胺和二氨基环己基甲烷中的一种或多种，进一步优选戊二胺，最优选1，5-戊二胺。
氨基酸
所述氨基酸优选包含不少于二个氨基基团，进一步优选包含二个氨基基团，最优选是赖氨酸。
所述氨基酸可以以下列的一种或多种形式存在：氨基酸盐、氨基酸水合物、氨基酸衍生物和处理过或未经处理的氨基酸发酵液，优选以氨基酸盐形式存在。
所述氨基酸盐可以是下列的一种或多种：氨基酸有机酸盐例如甲酸盐、乙酸盐、己二酸盐、草酸盐、2-乙基己酸盐、硬脂酸盐、癸二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、磺酸盐，氨基酸无机酸盐例如硝酸盐、硫酸盐、盐酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐。所述氨基酸盐优选氨基酸盐酸盐和/或氨基酸碳酸盐，最优选氨基酸盐酸盐。
可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物
所述胺化合物可以是脂肪族的胺类或芳香族的胺类，优选脂肪族的胺类，进一步优选与所述脂肪族胺的结构相同或相似的脂肪族的胺类，最优选脂肪族二胺。
术语相似是指两者互为同分异构体或两者仅碳原子数不同。
所述脂肪族二胺可以选自下列的一种或多种：戊二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、1，10-癸二胺和二氨基环己基甲烷中的一种或多种，优选戊二胺，最优选1，5-戊二胺。
所述胺化合物的沸点可以高于150℃。所述胺化合物的沸点高，可以使化学脱羧反应在相对高的反应温度下进行，缩短反应时间。
反应
本发明中使包含一氨基酸和一可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物的反应组分反应指使所述氨基酸发生化学脱羧反应，反应温度为100-250℃，最优选150-250℃。
催化剂
反应组分可以进一步包含催化剂，所述催化剂的含量不小于0.1％，优选不小于1％，以氨基酸的量为100重量％计。
所述催化剂可以是布朗斯特酸催化剂。
所述布朗斯特酸催化剂优选布拉格斯特酸固体催化剂。
所述布拉格斯特酸固体催化剂优选分子筛催化剂。
所述分子筛催化剂优选4A分子筛和/或Y型分子筛。
可以提供游离氢离子的化合物
所述反应组分还可以进一步包含可以提供游离氢离子的化合物，游离氢离子的含量是0.001-10摩尔当量，以可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物的摩尔含量为1mol计算。
所述游离氢离子的含量优选0.001-2摩尔当量，以可以溶解所述氨基 酸的胺化合物的摩尔含量为1mol计算。
所述可以提供氢离子的化合物可以是无机酸和/或有机酸。
所述无机酸可以是盐酸和/或硫酸。所述有机酸可以是对甲苯磺酸。
制备脂肪族二异氰酸酯的方法
所述脂肪族二胺优选1，5-戊二胺，所述脂肪族二异氰酸酯优选1，5-戊二异氰酸酯。
所述脂肪族二胺也可以以盐的形式存在。
所述光气化包括液相光气法、气相光气法和固相光气法，优选气相光气法。
可以向所述制备得到的1，5-戊二异氰酸酯中添加稳定剂。
所述稳定剂可以是抗氧化剂、酸性化合物、含有磺酰胺基的化合物或有机亚磷酸酯。所述稳定剂的添加量没有特别限制，可根据需要及用途适当设定。
所述抗氧化剂可以是受阻酚类抗氧化剂。
所述酸性化合物可以是有机酸性化合物。
所述含有磺酰胺基的化合物可以是芳香族磺酰胺类或脂肪族磺酰胺类。
制备聚酰胺的方法
所述二元酸可以是脂肪族二元酸，所述脂肪族二元酸可以通过化学法制备，也可以通过生物法制备。
所述脂肪族二元酸优选自下列的一种或多种：草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一碳二元酸、十二碳二元酸、十三碳二元酸、十四碳二元酸、十五碳二元酸、十六碳二元酸、十七碳二元酸和十八碳二元酸，最优选十二碳二元酸、己二酸或癸二酸。
所述脂肪族二胺优选脂肪族伯二胺，进一步优选戊二胺、己二胺或丁二胺，最优选1，5-戊二胺。
所述聚酰胺反应可以是本领域技术人员知晓的方法，优选熔融聚合。
所述熔融聚合优选在抗氧催化剂存在下进行。
所述抗氧催化剂优选磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸或它们的盐或酯等。
所述聚酰胺反应还可以在任意阶段配合其他成分。
所述其他成分可以是下列的一种或多种：抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、耐候剂、防粘剂、润滑剂、颜料、染料、结晶成核剂、增塑剂、抗静电剂、阻燃剂、填充剂和其他聚合物。
所述抗氧化剂和/或热稳定剂可以选自：受阻酚系化合物、对苯二酚系化合物、氢醌类化合物、亚磷酸酯系化合物和它们的取代物、卤化铜或碘化物。
所述耐候剂可以选自：间苯二酚系化合物、水杨酸酯系化合物、苯并三唑系化合物、二苯甲酮系化合物或受阻胺系化合物。
所述防粘剂和/或润滑剂可以选自：脂肪族醇、脂肪族酰胺、脂肪族双酰胺、双脲或聚乙烯蜡。
所述颜料可以选自：硫化镉、酞菁或炭黑。
所述染料可以选自：尼格洛辛或苯胺黑。
所述结晶成核剂可以选自：滑石、氮化硼等无机质微粒或金属氧化物、二氧化硅、高岭土、粘土或高熔点尼龙。
所述增塑剂可以选自：对羟基苯甲酸辛酯或N-丁基苯磺酰胺。
所述抗静电剂可以选自：烷基硫酸盐型阴离子系抗静电剂、季铵盐型阳离子系抗静电剂、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单硬脂酸酯等非离子系抗静电剂或甜菜碱系两性抗静电剂。
所述阻燃剂可以选自：三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、氢氧化物例如氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝等、多磷酸铵、溴化聚苯乙烯、溴化聚苯醚、溴化聚碳酸酯、溴化环氧树脂或这些溴系阻燃剂与三氧化锑的组合。
所述填充剂可以选自：玻璃纤维、碳纤维、炭黑、黑墨、硫酸钡、硫酸镁、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、氧化锑、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化锌、氧化铁、硫化锌、锌、铅、镍、铝、铜、铁、不锈钢、膨润土、蒙脱土、制造云母等颗粒状、针状或板状填充材料。
所述其他聚合物可以选自：聚酰胺、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚砜、聚醚砜、ABS树脂、AS树脂或聚苯乙烯。
所述聚酰胺可以成型成期望的形状，所述成型方法可以是注射成型、膜成型、熔融纺丝、吹塑成型或真空成型。
聚异氰酸酯组合物
所述脂肪族二异氰酸酯优选戊二异氰酸酯。
所述包含异氰脲酸酯基的聚异氰酸酯组合物可以是戊二异氰酸酯的三聚物，可通过在异氰脲酸酯化催化剂的存在下，使戊二异氰酸酯三聚化反应得到。
所述包含脲基甲酸酯基的聚异氰酸酯组合物可以是戊二异氰酸酯的脲基甲酸酯改性物，可通过戊二异氰酸酯与单醇反应后，在脲基甲酸酯化催化剂的存在下进一步使其反应得到。
所述包含缩二脲基的聚异氰酸酯组合物可以是戊二异氰酸酯的缩二脲改性物，可通过使戊二异氰酸酯、水、叔醇和仲胺等反应后，在缩二脲化催化剂的存在下进一步使其反应得到。
所述包含氨基甲酸酯基的聚异氰酸酯组合物可以是戊二异氰酸酯的多元醇改性物，可通过戊二异氰酸酯与多元醇反应得到。
所述包含脲基的聚异氰酸酯组合物可以是戊二异氰酸酯的多胺改性物，可通过戊二异氰酸酯与水、多胺反应得到。
上述聚异氰酸酯组合物优选戊二异氰酸酯三聚物。所述戊二异氰酸酯三聚物的制备方法可以是使戊二异氰酸酯与醇类在三聚化催化剂的存在下进行三聚化反应，随后除去未反应的戊二异氰酸酯的方法。
所述聚异氰酸酯组合物中的异氰酸酯基浓度优选为10-28％。
所述醇类与戊二异氰酸酯的质量比为0.001-0.05，优选为0.002-0.03。
所述醇类可以是一元醇、二元醇、三元醇或四元以上的醇，优选一元醇和/或二元醇，最优选一元醇。
所述一元醇可以是直链状的一元醇或支链状的一元醇。
所述直链状的一元醇可以是甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇、正己醇、正庚醇、正辛醇、正壬醇、正癸醇、正十一烷醇、正十二烷醇、正十三烷醇、正十四烷醇、正十五烷醇、正十六烷醇、正十七烷醇、正十八烷醇、正十九烷醇或二十烷醇。
所述支链状的一元醇可以是异丙醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、异戊醇、异己醇、异庚醇、异辛醇、2-乙基己烷-1-醇、异壬醇、异癸醇、5-乙基-2-壬醇、三甲基壬醇或2-己基癸醇。
所述二元醇可以是乙二醇、1，3-丙二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，5-戊二醇、1，6-己二醇、1，4-二羟基-2-丁烯、二甘醇、三甘醇、二丙二醇、1，2-丙二醇、1，3-丁二醇、1，2-丁二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基-1，5-戊二醇、2,2,2-二甲基戊二醇、3,3-二羟甲基庚烷、1，3-或1，4-环己烷二甲醇、1，3-或1，4-环己二醇、氢化双酚A或双酚A。
所述三元醇可以是甘油或三羟甲基丙烷。
所述四元以上的醇可以是四羟甲基甲烷、D-山梨糖醇、木糖醇或D-甘露醇。
所述醇类可以与例如硫醇类、肟类、内酰胺类、酚类、β-ニ酮类等活性氢化合物合并用。
所述三聚化催化剂是对三聚化有催化效果的催化剂，例如四烷基铵的氢氧化物或其有机弱酸盐、三烷基羟基烷基铵的氢氧化物或其有机弱酸盐、烷基羧酸的碱金属盐、金属螯合物化合物、傅-克反应催化剂、有机金属化合物和含有氨基甲硅烷基的化合物中的一种或多种。
所述三聚化催化剂与戊二异氰酸酯的质量比可以为0.000005：1-0.003：1，优选为0.00001：1-0.001：1，最优选为0.00001：1-0.0005：1。
所述制备戊二异氰酸酯三聚物的方法还可以添加有机亚磷酸酯助催化剂。
所述制备戊二异氰酸酯三聚物的方法优选在惰性气体气氛下进行，例如氮气，反应压力可以为常压，反应温度为30-100℃，优选为40-80℃，反应时间为0.5-10小时，优选为1-5小时。
所述戊二异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基与醇类的羟基的当量比为20以上，优选为30以上，进一步优选为40以上，最优选为60以上，且通常为1000以下。
所述戊二异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基的转化率为5-35重量％，优选为5-30重量％，最优选为5-25重量％。异氰酸酯基的转化率可以用高效GPC、NMR、异氰酸酯基浓度、折射率、密度、红外光谱等进行测定。
所述制备戊二异氰酸酯三聚物的方法中，未反应的戊二异氰酸酯通过蒸馏等公知的方法除去。
制备聚氨酯聚合物的方法
所述聚氨酯聚合物可通过使上述脂肪族二异氰酸酯及/或上述聚异氰酸酯组合物、与活性氢化合物反应而得到。
所述活性氢化合物可以是多元醇或多胺化合物。
所述多元醇优选具有2个以上羟基。
所述多元醇可以是具有2个以上羟基的数均分子量小于400的低分子量多元醇，选自下列的一种或多种：乙二醇、丙二醇、1，3-丙二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，3-丁二醇、1，2-丁二醇、1，5-戊二醇、1，6-己二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基-1，5-戊二醇、2，2，2-三甲基戊二醇、3，3-二羟甲基庚烷、链烷烃二醇、1，3-或1，4-环己烷二甲醇及它们的混合物、1，3-或1，4-环己二醇及它们的混合物、氢化双酚A、1，4-二羟基-2-丁烯、2，6-二甲基-1-辛烯-3，8-二醇、双酚A、二甘醇、三甘醇、二丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、四羟甲基甲烷、双甘油、木糖醇、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、蒜糖醇、艾杜糖醇、卫矛醇、阿卓糖醇、肌醇、二季戊四醇、鳄梨糖醇和蔗糖。
所述多元醇也可以是具有2个以上羟基的数均分子量为400以上的高分子量多元醇，选自下列的一种或多种：聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚氨酯多元醇、环氧基多元醇、植物油多元醇、聚烯烃多元醇、丙烯酸多元醇和乙烯基单体改性多元醇，优选聚酯多元醇和/或丙烯酸多元醇，最优选聚酯多元醇。
所述聚醚多元醇可以是聚丙二醇或聚四亚甲基醚二醇。
所述聚酯多元醇可以是在公知的条件下使所述具有2个以上羟基的数均分子量小于400的低分子量多元醇与多元酸反应而得到的缩聚物。
所述多元酸选自下列的一种或多种：草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、甲基琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、1，1-ニ甲基-1，3-二羧基丙烷、3-甲基-3-乙基戊二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、甲苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、二聚酸、氢化二聚酸、氯桥酸、由上述羧酸衍生的酸酐例如草酸酐、琥珀酸酐、马来酸酐、邻 苯二甲酸酐、2-烷基琥珀酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三酸酐、上述羧酸、衍生的酰卤例如草酰二氯、己二酰二氯和癸二酰二氯。
所述聚酯多元醇还可以是植物来源的聚酯多元醇。
所述聚碳酸酯多元醇可以是1，4-丁二醇、1，5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1，5-戊二醇、1，6-己二醇等二元醇，与开环聚合物共聚而得到的非晶性聚碳酸酯多元醇。
所述聚氨酯多元醇可以使如上所述得到的聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇和/或聚碳酸酯多元醇，与异氰酸酯反应以聚酯聚氨酯多元醇、聚醚聚氨酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯聚氨酯多元醇或聚酯聚醚聚氨酯多元醇等形式得到。所述聚氨酯多元醇的羟基与异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基的当量比超过1。
所述环氧基多元醇可以通过所述具有2个以上羟基的数均分子量小于400的低分子量多元醇与多官能卤代醇反应得到。
所述植物油多元醇可以是通过蓖麻油多元醇、或蓖麻油脂肪酸与聚丙烯多元醇的反应得到。
所述聚烯烃多元醇可以是聚丁二烯多元醇或部分皂化乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
所述丙烯酸多元醇可以通过使含羟基丙烯酸酯、与可与含羟基丙烯酸酯共聚的共聚性乙烯基单体共聚得到。所述丙烯酸多元醇优选硅氧烷多元醇或含氟多元醇。
所述多胺化合物优选具有2个以上氨基。
所述多胺化合物选自下列的一种或多种：芳香族多胺、芳香脂肪族多胺、脂环族多胺、脂肪族多胺、氨基醇、具有伯氨基、或伯氨基及仲氨基的烷氧基甲硅烷基化合物和含有聚氧乙烯基的多胺。
所述芳香族多胺可以是4，4’–二苯基甲烷二胺和/或甲苯二胺。
所述芳香脂肪族多胺可以是1，3-和/或1，4-二甲苯二胺。
所述脂环族多胺可以选自下列的一种或多种：3-氨基甲基-3，5，5-三甲基环己胺、4，4’-二环己基甲烷二胺、2，5(2，6)-双(氨基甲基)双环[2.2.1]庚烷、1，4-环己烷二胺、1-氨基-3-氨基甲基-3，5，5-三甲基环己烷、双-(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、二氨基环己烷、3，9-双(3-氨基丙基)-2，4，8，10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷和1，3-及1，4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷。
所述脂肪族多胺可以是乙二胺、丙二胺、1，3-丙二胺、1，4-丁二胺、1，5-戊二胺、1，6-己二胺、肼、肼的水合物、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、I，2-二氨基乙烷、1，2-二氨基丙烷或1，3-二氨基戊烷。
所述氨基醇可以是N-(2-氨基乙基)乙醇胺。
所述具有伯氨基、或伯氨基及仲氨基的烷氧基甲硅烷基化合物可以是γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-苯基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等含有烷氧基甲硅烷基的单胺；N-β(氨基乙基)γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、或N-β(氨基乙基)γ-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
所述含有聚氧乙烯基的多胺可以是聚氧乙烯醚二胺等聚氧烯烃醚二胺。
所述多胺化合物可以单独使用或并用二种以上使用。
所述聚氨酯聚合物的制备反应可添加公知的添加剂。所述添加剂选自下列的一种或多种：增塑剂、防结块剂、耐热稳定剂、耐光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、脱模剂、催化剂、颜料、染料、润滑剂、填充剂和抗水解剂。所述添加剂可在各反应成分合成时添加，或在各反应成分的混合、溶解时添加，也可以在合成后添加。
所述聚氨酯聚合物可以通过例如本体聚合或溶液聚合等聚合方法制造。
所述本体聚合可以是在氮气流下、一边对脂肪族二异氰酸酯及/或聚异氰酸酯组合物进行搅拌、一边向其中加入活性氢化合物，使其在50-250℃、优选50-200℃下反应0.5-15小时。
所述溶液聚合可以是向有机溶剂中加入脂肪族二异氰酸酯及/或聚异氰酸酯组合物、活性氢化合物，在50-120℃、优选50-100℃下反应0.5-15小时。
所述制备聚氨酯聚合物的方法可利用蒸馏或萃取等公知的方法除去未反应的脂肪族二异氰酸酯及/或聚异氰酸酯组合物。
所述本体聚合或溶液聚合中，脂肪族二异氰酸酯和/或聚异氰酸酯组合物中的异氰酸酯基相对于活性氢化合物中的活性氢基和/或羟基和/或氨基的当量比可以是0.75-1.3，优选0.9-1.1。
实施例
氨基酸的转化率用山东省科学院生物研究所的SBA-50B生物传感分析 仪测量。
脂肪族胺反应产物的纯度用气相色谱仪测量。用甲醇作为有机相制备5％(质量分数)的脂肪族胺溶液，设定脂肪族胺溶液汽化温度为250℃，进样0.2μL，气相色谱色谱柱起始温度为120℃，恒温2分钟后，以10℃/min的升温速率升温至200℃，保持20分钟，以100％二甲基聚硅氧烷为固定相的非极性柱分离脂肪族胺和赖氨酸。最后以面积百分比法计算脂肪族胺的纯度。
本发明中所有百分比均为重量百分比，另有说明的除外。
本发明的分析测量都在23℃下进行，另有说明的除外。
原料和试剂
Figure PCTCN2017078363-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017078363-appb-000002
实施例1-5，实施例7-10
将容器抽真空后充入氮气，如此重复三次后，在氮气保护的条件下，向容器中加入可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物，冷凝回流下加热至反应温度。随后，在氮气保护条件下向容器中加入氨基酸、催化剂和可以提供游离氢离子的化合物得到反应组分，开启磁力搅拌至反应组分完全溶解，随后在反应温度和常压下反应得到反应产物。
实施例6
将250mL高压反应釜(EasyChem E250微型高压反应釜，北京世纪森朗实验仪器有限公司)抽真空后充入氮气，如此重复三次后，在氮气保护的条件下，向反应釜中加入1，5-戊二胺、赖氨酸和Y型沸石催化剂。密闭高压反应釜，开动搅拌，停止充入氮气，在220℃、1bar下反应10分钟，随后降温至室温、得到反应产物。赖氨酸的转化率为94％，反应产物有机相中1，5-戊二胺的纯度为96.82％。
对比例1-2
方法同实施例1-5和实施例7-10，区别仅在于用乙二醇或环己醇替代可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物。
测试实施例1-10和对比例1-2氨基酸的转化率和反应产物的纯度列于表1。反应组分和反应条件也列于表1。
表1本发明实施例和对比例的反应组分、反应条件、氨基酸的转化率和脂肪族胺产物
Figure PCTCN2017078363-appb-000003
比较实施例1-3、10和对比例1，对比例1使用乙二醇溶剂，氨基酸转化率和脂肪族胺产物的纯度明显低于使用胺化合物的化学脱羧反应。
比较实施例1-2和对比例2，对比例2使用不可以溶解所述赖氨酸的环己醇溶剂，氨基酸转化率和脂肪族胺产物的纯度明显低于使用可以溶解所述赖氨酸的胺化合物的化学脱羧反应。
比较实施例1-2和对比例2，对比例2使用酮类催化剂，即同相催化剂，氨基酸氨基酸转化率和脂肪族胺产物的纯度明显低于使用异相催化剂的化学脱羧反应。
比较实施例2-3和实施例10，使用分子筛催化剂的化学脱羧反应，氨基酸转化率高于使用酮类同相催化剂的化学脱羧反应。
比较实施例2和实施例3，使用可以提供游离氢离子的化合物的化学脱羧反应，氨基酸转化率和脂肪族胺产物的纯度有所提高。
所属领域的技术人员易知，本发明不仅限于前述的具体细节，且在不脱离本发明的精神或主要特性的前提下，本发明可实施为其他特定形式。因此从任何角度来说都应将所述实施例视作例示性而非限制性的，从而由权利要求书而非前述说明来指出本发明的范围；且因此任何改变，只要其属于权利要求等效物的含义和范围中，都应视作属于本发明。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种制备脂肪族胺的方法，其特征在于，使包含一氨基酸和一可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物的反应组分反应得到所述脂肪族胺，所述氨基酸与所述胺化合物的含量比为1：10000-1：1，优选1：1000-1：1，进一步优选1：100-1：2，最优选1：10-1：2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺，优选戊二胺。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氨基酸包含不少于二个氨基基团，优选包含二个氨基基团，最优选是赖氨酸。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可以溶解所述氨基酸的胺化合物是与所述脂肪族胺的结构相同或相似的脂肪族的胺类，优选脂肪族二胺，最优选戊二胺。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述胺化合物的沸点高于150℃。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反应的温度为50-350℃，优选100-250℃，最优选150-250℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反应组分进一步包含一催化剂，所述催化剂的含量为0.01％-100％，优选0.1％-100％，以所述氨基酸的量为100重量％计。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂是布朗斯特酸催化剂，优选布拉格斯特酸固体催化剂，最优选分子筛催化剂。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反应组分进一步包含一可以提供游离氢离子的化合物，所述游离氢离子的含量是0.01-10摩尔当量，优选0.1-2摩尔当量，以所述胺化合物的摩尔含量为1摩尔计算。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可以提供氢离子的化合物可以是无机酸和/或有机酸。
  11. 一种脂肪族胺，其通过实施权利要求1-10中任一项的方法得到，所述脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％。
  12. 一种脂肪族二异氰酸酯，其通过将脂肪族胺光气化得到，所述脂肪族 胺是根据权利要求1-10中任一项的方法得到的，所述脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，所述脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺。
  13. 一种制备脂肪族二异氰酸酯的方法，其特征在于，使一脂肪族胺光气化得到所述脂肪族二异氰酸酯，所述脂肪族胺是根据权利要求1-10中任一项的方法得到的，所述脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％，所述脂肪族胺是脂肪族二胺。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述脂肪族二胺不需要提纯，直接光气化得到脂肪族二异氰酸酯。
  15. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项的方法得到的脂肪族胺用于制备固化剂的用途，所述脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％。
  16. 一种固化剂，其包含根据权利要求1-10中任一项的方法得到的脂肪族胺，所述脂肪族胺在未经过提纯的条件下纯度不低于95％。
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