WO2018155531A1 - アルミニウム合金材並びにこれを用いた締結部品、構造用部品、バネ用部品、導電部材および電池用部材 - Google Patents
アルミニウム合金材並びにこれを用いた締結部品、構造用部品、バネ用部品、導電部材および電池用部材 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/021—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by their composition, e.g. comprising materials providing for particular spring properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy material.
- Such an aluminum alloy material is used in a wide range of applications (for example, fastening parts, structural parts, spring parts, conductive members, and battery members).
- iron-based or copper-based metal materials have been widely used for transportation equipment such as automobiles and railway vehicles, various structural members, and fastening members, but these days, compared to iron-based or copper-based metal materials.
- transportation equipment such as automobiles and railway vehicles, various structural members, and fastening members
- iron-based or copper-based metal materials have been widely used for transportation equipment such as automobiles and railway vehicles, various structural members, and fastening members, but these days, compared to iron-based or copper-based metal materials.
- alternatives to aluminum-based materials that have relatively good thermal and electrical conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance are being investigated.
- the pure aluminum material has a problem that its strength is lower than that of an iron-based or copper-based metal material.
- aluminum alloys of 2000 series (Al-Cu series) and 7000 series (Al-Zn-Mg series), which are relatively high-strength aluminum series alloys, are inferior in corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance.
- Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloy materials of 6000 series (Al-Mg-Si series), which are relatively superior in electrical and thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, have higher strength among aluminum alloy materials. However, it is not yet sufficient strength, and further enhancement of strength is desired.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for obtaining high strength by containing a high concentration of Mg.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for obtaining an Al—Mg alloy having a microstructure by controlling the rolling temperature.
- these methods are excellent in industrial mass productivity, but further increase in strength has been a problem.
- methods for increasing the strength of aluminum alloy materials include crystallization of an aluminum alloy material having an amorphous phase (Patent Document 3), and formation of fine crystal grains by the Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) method.
- a method Patent Document 4
- a method of forming fine crystal grains by performing cold working at a temperature below room temperature Patent Document 5
- the size of the aluminum alloy material to be produced is small, and industrial practical application is difficult.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a method for obtaining an Al—Mg alloy having a microstructure by adding a large amount of Mg and cold rolling. This method has a problem in that workability is inferior due to a large amount of Mg, and a special process is required for alloy production.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength aluminum alloy material that can be used as a substitute for an iron-based or copper-based metal material, and a fastening component, a structural component, a spring component, a conductive member, and a battery member using the same. There is.
- the present inventors have found that the aluminum alloy material has a predetermined alloy composition and has a fibrous metal structure in which crystal grains extend in one direction. It has been found that a high-strength aluminum alloy material comparable to an iron-based or copper-based metal material can be obtained when the average value of the dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains in the parallel cross section is 310 nm or less, Based on these findings, the present invention has been completed.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. [1] Mg: 0.50 mass% or more and 6.0 mass% or less, Fe: 0 mass% or more and 1.50 mass% or less, Si: 0 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less, Cu, Ag, Zn, One or more selected from Ni, Ti, Co, Au, Mn, Cr, V, Zr and Sn: an alloy containing 0% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less in total, the balance being Al and inevitable impurities An aluminum alloy material having a composition, Having a fibrous metal structure with crystal grains extending in one direction, The aluminum alloy material, wherein an average value of dimensions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains is 310 nm or less in a cross section parallel to the one direction.
- HV Vickers hardness
- [6] One or more types selected from Cu, Ag, Zn, Ni, Ti, Co, Au, Mn, Cr, V, Zr and Sn: The above [1] containing 0.06% by mass or more in total Thru
- the aluminum alloy material has a predetermined alloy composition, and has a fibrous metal structure in which crystal grains extend in one direction, and the crystal in the cross section parallel to the one direction.
- High average strength aluminum alloy material comparable to iron-based or copper-based metal materials as well as fastening parts, structural parts, and springs with an average value of dimensions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the grains of 310 nm or less Components, conductive members, and battery members are obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a metal structure of an aluminum alloy material according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between workability and tensile strength of pure aluminum, pure copper, and the aluminum alloy material according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between workability and tensile strength of pure aluminum, pure copper, and an aluminum alloy material according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a SIM image showing the state of the metal structure in a cross section parallel to the processing direction X of the aluminum alloy material according to Example 2.
- the aluminum alloy material according to the present invention has Mg: 0.50 mass% to 6.0 mass%, Fe: 0 mass% to 1.50 mass%, Si: 0 mass% to 1.0 mass%, Cu
- the average value is 310 nm or less.
- any of the components whose lower limit value of the content range is described as “0% by mass” are components that are appropriately suppressed, or as necessary. Ingredients optionally added. That is, when these components are “0 mass%”, it means that the components are not included.
- crystal grain refers to a portion surrounded by a misorientation boundary
- orientation difference boundary refers to scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), scanning ion microscope (SIM), and the like.
- STEM scanning transmission electron microscopy
- SIM scanning ion microscope
- the dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains corresponds to the interval between the orientation difference boundaries.
- the aluminum alloy material according to the present invention has a fibrous metal structure in which crystal grains extend in one direction.
- a perspective view schematically showing the state of the metal structure of the aluminum alloy material according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention has a fibrous structure in which elongated crystal grains 10 are aligned in one direction X and extend.
- Such elongated crystal grains are completely different from conventional fine crystal grains and simply flat crystal grains having a large aspect ratio. That is, the crystal grains of the present invention have an elongated shape like a fiber, and the average value of the dimension t perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (processing direction X) is 310 nm or less.
- Such a fibrous metal structure in which fine crystal grains extend in one direction can be said to be a new metal structure not found in conventional aluminum alloys.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention has a fibrous metal structure in which crystal grains extend in one direction, and an average value of dimensions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains in a cross section parallel to the one direction. Is controlled to be 310 nm or less, so that high strength (for example, 0.2% proof stress 400 MPa or more, Vickers hardness (HV) 125 or more) comparable to iron-based or copper-based metal materials can be realized. .
- the crystal grain size can be reduced by improving the intergranular corrosion, improving fatigue properties, reducing the surface roughness after plastic working, and shearing. This is directly connected to the effect of reducing dripping and burrs, and has the effect of improving the overall function of the material.
- Mg is contained 0.50 mass% or more and less than 2.0 mass%.
- Mg magnesium
- Mg has the effect of solid-solution strengthening in an aluminum base material, and the effect of stabilizing fine crystals and refining the crystals.
- Mg content is 2.0% by mass or more, workability is poor, and cracks are likely to occur during machining at a relatively high degree of work exceeding 5 degrees of work.
- Mg content is less than 0.50 mass%, the refinement
- content of Fe shall be 0 mass% or more and 1.50 mass% or less.
- Fe (iron) is an intermetallic compound with aluminum, such as Al-Fe, Al-Fe-Si, Al-Fe-Si-Mg, and other additive elements during casting and homogenization heat treatment. Crystallize or precipitate as an intermetallic compound.
- Such an intermetallic compound mainly composed of Fe and Al is referred to as an Fe-based compound in this specification.
- Fe-based compounds contribute to refinement of crystal grains and improve tensile strength.
- Fe has the effect
- the Fe content is 0% by mass to 1.50% by mass, preferably 0.02% by mass to 0.80% by mass, more preferably 0.03% by mass to 0.50% by mass. More preferably, it is 0.04 mass% or more and 0.35 mass% or less, and more preferably 0.05 mass% or more and 0.25 mass% or less.
- content of Si shall be 0 mass% or more and 0.20 mass% or less.
- Si silicon
- Si is a component that crystallizes or precipitates as an intermetallic compound such as Al—Fe—Si and Al—Fe—Si—Mg during casting and homogenization heat treatment.
- intermetallic compounds mainly containing Fe and Si are referred to as FeSi-based intermetallic compounds in this specification. While this intermetallic compound contributes to the refinement of crystal grains and improves the tensile strength, the FeSi intermetallic compound that inevitably crystallizes or precipitates during casting tends to lower the workability.
- the content of Si needs to be suppressed, and the Si content is controlled to 0.20% by mass or less.
- the Si content is desirably reduced as much as possible, the content may be 0.01% by mass or more from the viewpoint of practicality in consideration of the case where it is unavoidably included in the manufacturing process. . Therefore, the Si content is 0% by mass to 0.20% by mass, preferably 0% by mass to 0.15% by mass, and more preferably 0% by mass to 0.10% by mass. It is as follows.
- Optional additive In the first embodiment of the aluminum alloy material of the present invention, in addition to Mg, which is an essential additive component, Cu, Ag, Zn, Ni, Ti, Co, Au, Mn, Cr, V are further added as optional additional elements.
- Mg which is an essential additive component
- Cu, Ag, Zn, Ni, Ti, Co, Au, Mn, Cr, V are further added as optional additional elements.
- Zr and Sn can be contained in a total amount of 0% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less.
- the total content of one or more selected from Cu, Ag, Zn, Ni, Ti, Co, Au, Mn, Cr, V, Zr and Sn is 2.0% by mass or less, preferably 0. 0.06 mass% or more, more preferably 0.3 mass% or more and 1.2 mass% or less.
- content of these components is good also as 0 mass%.
- these components may be added alone or in combination of two or more.
- Cu 0.05% by mass to 0.20% by mass
- Mn 0.3% by mass to 1.0% by mass
- Cr 0.05% by mass to 0.20% by mass
- Zr 0.02 mass% or more and 0.20 mass% or less.
- These components have a large diffusion coefficient in a solid solution state and a large difference in atomic size from aluminum, thereby lowering the grain boundary energy. Furthermore, these components also reduce the mobility of grain boundaries by forming fine intermetallic compounds with aluminum. By these synergistic effects, coarsening of fine crystals is suppressed, and a decrease in strength due to heat treatment is suppressed.
- the lower limit value of the content of each component is more preferable for exerting the above-described effects, and the upper limit value is more preferable for suppressing the formation of coarse crystallized products and further the deterioration of workability.
- the balance other than the components described above is Al (aluminum) and inevitable impurities.
- the inevitable impurities referred to here mean impurities in a content level that can be unavoidably included in the manufacturing process. Depending on the content of the inevitable impurities, it may be a factor for reducing the electrical conductivity. Therefore, it is preferable to suppress the content of the inevitable impurities to some extent in consideration of the decrease in electrical conductivity. Examples of components listed as inevitable impurities include B (boron), Bi (bismuth), Pb (lead), Ga (gallium), Sr (strontium), and the like. In addition, the upper limit of these component content may be 0.05 mass% for every said component, and may be 0.15 mass% in the total amount of the said component.
- Mg contains 2.0 mass% or more and 6.0 mass% or less.
- Mg manganesium
- the Mg content is preferably 2.0% by mass or more, more preferably 3.0% by mass or more.
- the refining effect is poor at a relatively low workability of 5 or less, and it is difficult to obtain a desired metal structure.
- Mg content exceeds 6.0 mass%, since workability is poor, a crack arises during processing.
- content of Fe shall be 0 mass% or more and 1.50 mass% or less.
- Fe (iron) is an intermetallic compound with aluminum, such as Al-Fe, Al-Fe-Si, Al-Fe-Si-Mg, and other additive elements during casting and homogenization heat treatment. Crystallize or precipitate as an intermetallic compound. Fe-based compounds contribute to refinement of crystal grains and improve tensile strength. Moreover, Fe has the effect
- the Fe content is 0% by mass to 1.50% by mass, preferably 0.02% by mass to 0.80% by mass, more preferably 0.03% by mass to 0.50% by mass. More preferably, it is 0.04 mass% or more and 0.35 mass% or less, and more preferably 0.05 mass% or more and 0.25 mass% or less.
- content of Si shall be 0 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less.
- Si 0% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less>
- Si is a component that crystallizes or precipitates as an intermetallic compound such as Mg—Si, Al—Fe—Si, and Al—Fe—Si—Mg during casting and homogenization heat treatment.
- Such an intermetallic compound mainly containing Mg and Si is referred to as an MgSi-based intermetallic compound in this specification.
- Mg is 2.0 mass% or more, Si is easily crystallized or precipitated as an MgSi-based intermetallic compound, contributing to refinement of crystal grains and improving tensile strength.
- Si is more than 1.0 mass%, it is easy to crystallize or precipitate as a FeSi-type intermetallic compound, and there exists a tendency for workability to fall. Therefore, from the viewpoint of suppressing the formation of FeSi-based intermetallic compounds and obtaining good workability, it is necessary to suppress the content of Si, and the Si content is controlled to 1.0% by mass or less. Although the Si content is desirably reduced as much as possible, the lower limit of the content is set to 0.01% by mass or more from the viewpoint of practicality in consideration of the case where it is unavoidably included in the manufacturing process. It is good.
- the content of Si is 0% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less, preferably 0% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less, more preferably 0% by mass or more and 0.40% by mass or less, and further Preferably they are 0 mass% or more and 0.20 mass% or less.
- optional additive elements are selected from Cu, Ag, Zn, Ni, Ti, Co, Au, Mn, Cr, V, Zr, and Sn. One or more of them can be contained in a total amount of 0% by mass to 2.0% by mass.
- the total content of one or more selected from Cu, Ag, Zn, Ni, Ti, Co, Au, Mn, Cr, V, Zr and Sn is 2.0% by mass or less, preferably 0. 0.06 mass% or more, more preferably 0.3 mass% or more and 1.2 mass% or less.
- content of these components is good also as 0 mass%.
- these components may be added alone or in combination of two or more.
- Cu 0.05% by mass to 0.20% by mass
- Mn 0.3% by mass to 1.0% by mass
- Cr 0.05% by mass to 0.20% by mass
- Zr 0.02 mass% or more and 0.20 mass% or less.
- These components have a large diffusion coefficient in a solid solution state and a large difference in atomic size from aluminum, thereby lowering the grain boundary energy. Furthermore, these components also reduce the mobility of grain boundaries by forming fine intermetallic compounds with aluminum. By these synergistic effects, coarsening of fine crystals is suppressed, and a decrease in strength due to heat treatment is suppressed.
- the lower limit value of the content of each component is more preferable for exerting the above-described effects, and the upper limit value is more preferable for suppressing the formation of coarse crystallized products and further the deterioration of workability.
- the balance other than the components described above is Al (aluminum) and inevitable impurities.
- the inevitable impurities referred to here mean impurities in a content level that can be unavoidably included in the manufacturing process. Depending on the content of the inevitable impurities, it may be a factor for reducing the electrical conductivity. Therefore, it is preferable to suppress the content of the inevitable impurities to some extent in consideration of the decrease in electrical conductivity. Examples of components listed as inevitable impurities include B (boron), Bi (bismuth), Pb (lead), Ga (gallium), Sr (strontium), and the like. In addition, the upper limit of these component content may be 0.05 mass% for every said component, and may be 0.15 mass% in the total amount of the said component.
- Such an aluminum alloy material can be realized by combining and controlling the alloy composition and the manufacturing process.
- the suitable manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy material of this invention is demonstrated.
- the aluminum alloy material according to one embodiment of the present invention introduces crystal grain boundaries at a high density particularly in an Al-Mg alloy. Thus, the strength is increased. Therefore, the approach for increasing the strength is greatly different from the method of precipitation hardening of the Mg—Si compound, which is generally performed with conventional aluminum alloy materials.
- an aluminum alloy material having a predetermined alloy composition in the first embodiment, a cold work [1], a second work with a work degree of 5 to 11 as the final work is performed.
- the cold processing [1] is performed at a processing degree of 2 to 5, respectively.
- temper annealing is a process including a stabilization process. This will be described in detail below.
- crystal slip occurs as an elementary process of metal crystal deformation. It can be said that the metal material in which such a crystal slip is likely to occur has less stress required for deformation and has a lower strength. Therefore, in order to increase the strength of the metal material, it is important to suppress crystal slip that occurs in the metal structure.
- the presence of a crystal grain boundary in the metal structure can be mentioned. Such crystal grain boundaries can prevent crystal slip from propagating in the metal structure when deformation stress is applied to the metal material, and as a result, the strength of the metal material is increased.
- the inside of a polycrystalline material is a complex multiaxial state due to the difference in orientation between adjacent grains and the spatial distribution of strain between the surface layer in contact with the processing tool and the inside of the bulk. It has become. Due to these effects, crystal grains that have been in a single orientation before deformation are split into a plurality of orientations along with the deformation, and crystal grain boundaries are formed between the split crystals.
- the formed grain boundary has interfacial energy with a structure deviating from the normal 12-coordinate close-packed atomic arrangement. For this reason, in a normal metal structure, it is considered that when the grain boundaries become a certain density or more, the increased internal energy becomes a driving force, and dynamic or static recovery and recrystallization occur. For this reason, normally, even if the amount of deformation is increased, the increase and decrease in grain boundaries occur at the same time, so the grain boundary density is considered to be saturated.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between workability and tensile strength of pure aluminum, pure copper, and the aluminum alloy material according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between workability and tensile strength of pure aluminum, pure copper, and an aluminum alloy material according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- pure aluminum and pure copper which are normal metal structures, show improvement (hardening) in tensile strength at a relatively low workability, but the amount of hardening becomes saturated as the workability increases. There is a tendency.
- the degree of processing corresponds to the amount of deformation applied to the metal structure described above, and the saturation of the hardening amount is considered to correspond to the saturation of the grain boundary density.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention it was found that the hardening was sustained even when the degree of processing increased, and the strength continued to increase with the processing. This is because the aluminum alloy material of the present invention has the above alloy composition, and in particular, has a predetermined amount of Mg, thereby promoting an increase in the grain boundary density. It is considered that the increase in internal energy can be suppressed even when the density exceeds a certain density. As a result, it is considered that recovery and recrystallization in the metal structure can be prevented, and the grain boundaries can be effectively increased in the metal structure.
- Mg having a strong interaction with lattice defects such as dislocation promotes crystal fragmentation by facilitating the formation of microbands.
- Mg atoms having a large atomic radius with respect to Al atoms alleviate the mismatch of atomic arrangement at the grain boundary, thereby effectively suppressing an increase in internal energy accompanying processing.
- the degree of work in cold working [1] is more than 5 in the first embodiment and 2 or more and 5 or less in the second embodiment.
- the degree of work in cold working [1] is more than 5 in the first embodiment and 2 or more and 5 or less in the second embodiment.
- by performing processing with a larger degree of processing it is possible to promote the splitting of the metal crystals accompanying the deformation of the metal structure, and it is possible to introduce crystal grain boundaries at a high density inside the aluminum alloy material.
- the grain boundaries of the aluminum alloy material are strengthened, and the strength is greatly improved.
- such a degree of processing is preferably 6 or more, more preferably 9 or more, and the upper limit is not particularly defined, but is usually 15.
- the degree of work is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, and the upper limit is not particularly defined, but is usually 5 or less in order to prevent work cracks.
- processing rate is preferably 98.2% or more, and more preferably 99.8% or more.
- the processing method may be appropriately selected according to the shape of the target aluminum alloy material (wire rod material, plate material, strip, foil, etc.). For example, a cassette roller die, groove roll rolling, round wire rolling, die, etc. Drawing process, swaging and the like. Further, various conditions in the above processing (type of lubricating oil, processing speed, processing heat generation, etc.) may be appropriately adjusted within a known range.
- the aluminum alloy material is not particularly limited as long as it has the above alloy composition.
- an extruded material, an ingot material, a hot rolled material, a cold rolled material, etc. are appropriately selected according to the purpose of use. Can be used.
- temper annealing [2] may be performed after cold working [1].
- the processing temperature is set to 50 to 160 ° C.
- the treatment temperature of the temper annealing [2] is less than 50 ° C., it is difficult to obtain the above effect.
- the treatment temperature exceeds 160 ° C., crystal grains grow due to recovery and recrystallization, and the strength is lowered.
- the holding time of the temper annealing [2] is preferably 1 to 48 hours.
- the conditions for such heat treatment can be appropriately adjusted according to the type and amount of inevitable impurities and the solid solution / precipitation state of the aluminum alloy material.
- the aluminum alloy material is processed with a high degree of processing by a method such as drawing with a die or rolling. As a result, a long aluminum alloy material is obtained.
- conventional aluminum alloy material manufacturing methods such as powder sintering, compression torsion processing, High pressure torsion (HPT), forging, Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), etc. have such long aluminum alloy materials. Hard to get.
- Such an aluminum alloy material of the present invention is preferably produced with a length of 10 m or more.
- the upper limit of the length of the aluminum alloy material at the time of manufacture is not specifically provided, it is preferable to set it as 10000 m considering workability
- the structure of the present invention is more easily realized as the diameter is reduced, especially when the wire or bar is manufactured, and as the thickness is reduced when the plate or foil is manufactured.
- the wire diameter in the first embodiment is preferably 3.5 mm or less, more preferably 2.5 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.5 mm or less. Especially preferably, it is 1.0 mm or less. A lower limit is not particularly provided, but is preferably 0.05 mm in consideration of workability and the like. In 2nd embodiment, Preferably it is 10 mm or less, More preferably, it is 7.5 mm or less, More preferably, it is 5.0 mm or less, Most preferably, it is 3.5 mm or less.
- the wire diameter or the length of one side is only required to have the same degree of processing as the wire, for example, 25 mm or less, more preferably 20 mm or less, More preferably, it is 15 mm or less, Most preferably, it is 10 mm or less.
- the plate thickness is preferably 2.0 mm or less, more preferably 1.5 mm or less, still more preferably 1.0 mm or less, particularly preferably 0.5 mm. It is as follows. A lower limit is not particularly provided, but it is preferably 0.020 mm in consideration of workability and the like.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention may be processed thinly or thinly, but a plurality of such aluminum alloy materials are prepared and joined, and then thickened or thickened, and used for the intended application.
- a well-known method can be used for the joining method, for example, pressure welding, welding, joining by an adhesive agent, friction stir welding, etc. are mentioned.
- the aluminum alloy material is a wire rod material, a plurality of aluminum alloy materials can be bundled and twisted to be used as an aluminum alloy twisted wire for the intended application.
- Such an aluminum alloy material of the present invention has a fibrous metal structure in which crystal grains extend in one direction, and has a dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains in a cross section parallel to the one direction. The average value is 310 nm or less.
- Such an aluminum alloy material can exhibit a particularly excellent strength by having a unique metal structure that has not existed in the past.
- the metal structure of the aluminum alloy material of the present invention is a fibrous structure, and elongated crystal grains are aligned in one direction and extend in a fibrous form.
- “one direction” corresponds to the processing direction of the aluminum alloy material.
- the aluminum alloy material is a wire or rod, for example, in the wire drawing direction
- the aluminum alloy material is a plate or foil, for example, rolling.
- Each corresponds to a direction.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention exhibits particularly excellent strength particularly against such tensile stress parallel to the processing direction.
- the one direction preferably corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the aluminum alloy material. That is, normally, unless the aluminum alloy material is divided into pieces shorter than the dimension perpendicular to the processing direction, the processing direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction.
- the average value of the dimensions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains is 310 nm or less, more preferably 270 nm or less, still more preferably 220 nm or less, particularly preferably 170 nm or less, More preferably, it is 120 nm or less.
- crystal grain boundaries are formed at a high density. According to the above, crystal slip accompanying deformation can be effectively inhibited, and unprecedented high strength can be realized.
- the average value of the dimensions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains is preferably as small as possible to achieve high strength, but the lower limit as a manufacturing or physical limit is, for example, 20 nm.
- the longitudinal dimension of the crystal grains is not necessarily specified, but is preferably 1200 nm or more, more preferably 1700 nm or more, and further preferably 2200 nm or more.
- the aspect ratio of the crystal grains is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 20 or more.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention preferably has a 0.2% proof stress of 400 MPa or more, particularly when it is a wire or bar. This is the same strength as a general hard-drawn copper wire.
- the 0.2% proof stress of the aluminum alloy material is more preferably 460 MPa or more, further preferably 520 MPa or more, particularly preferably 580 MPa or more, and still more preferably 650 MPa or more.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention having such a high strength can be used as a substitute for a strong wire drawing material of a dilute copper alloy such as Cu—Sn or Cu—Cr. Such an aluminum alloy material can also be used as an alternative to steel or stainless steel materials.
- the upper limit of the 0.2% yield strength of the aluminum alloy material of this invention is not specifically limited, For example, it is 800 MPa, Preferably it is 750 MPa.
- the Vickers hardness (HV) is a value measured according to JIS Z 2244: 2009. Detailed measurement conditions will be described in the column of Examples described later.
- the processed product can be disassembled, the cross section can be mirror-polished, and the cross section can be measured.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention preferably has a Vickers hardness (HV) of 125 or more, particularly when it is a wire or bar. This is the same strength as a general hard-drawn copper wire.
- the Vickers hardness (HV) of the aluminum alloy material is more preferably 140 or more, further preferably 150 or more, particularly preferably 160 or more, and still more preferably 170 or more.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention having such a high strength can be used as a substitute for a strong wire drawing material of a dilute copper alloy such as Cu—Sn or Cu—Cr. Such an aluminum alloy material can also be used as an alternative to steel or stainless steel materials.
- the upper limit of the Vickers hardness (HV) of the aluminum alloy material of this invention is not specifically limited, For example, it is 330, Preferably it is 280.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention preferably has a tensile strength of 450 MPa or more, particularly when it is a wire or bar. This is the same strength as a copper wire drawn with a general strong working degree.
- the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material is more preferably 520 MPa or more, further preferably 560 MPa or more, particularly preferably 600 MPa or more, and still more preferably 640 MPa or more.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention having such a high strength can be used as a substitute for a strong wire drawing material of a dilute copper alloy such as Cu—Sn or Cu—Cr. Such an aluminum alloy material can also be used as an alternative to steel or stainless steel materials.
- the upper limit of the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material of this invention is not specifically limited, For example, it is 1000 MPa.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention is preferably excellent in heat resistance. Such an aluminum alloy material of the present invention can maintain the high tensile strength as described above even after heating.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention preferably has a tensile strength of 300 MPa or more, more preferably 400 MPa or more, and even more preferably 500 MPa or more, measured in a state after heating at 110 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention can be used for all uses in which iron-based materials, copper-based materials, and aluminum-based materials are used.
- conductive members such as electric wires and cables, current collector meshes, battery members such as nets, fastening parts such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc., spring parts such as coil springs, connectors, terminals, etc. It can be suitably used as a contact spring member, a structural component such as a shaft or a frame, a guide wire, a bonding wire for a semiconductor, a generator, a winding used in a motor, or the like.
- the aluminum alloy material of the present invention is preferably excellent in heat resistance, it is more suitable for applications requiring heat resistance.
- conductive members include overhead power transmission lines, OPGW, underground cables, submarine cables and other power cables, telephone cables, coaxial cables and other communication cables, wired drone cables, and cabtire cables.
- EV / HEV charging cables offshore wind power generation twisting cables, elevator cables, umbilical cables, robot cables, electric wires for trains, trolley wires, etc., automotive wire harnesses, marine wires, airplane wires, etc. Electric wires for transportation, bus bars, lead frames, flexible flat cables, lightning rods, antennas, connectors, terminals, and cable knitting.
- Examples of battery members include solar cell electrodes.
- structural parts include building site scaffolds, conveyor mesh belts, metal fibers for clothing, chains, fences, insect nets, zippers, fasteners, clips, aluminum wool, brake wires, spokes, etc.
- structural parts include bicycle parts, reinforced glass reinforcement wires, pipe seals, metal packing, cable protection reinforcements, fan belt cores, actuator drive wires, chains, hangers, soundproof meshes, and shelf boards.
- fastening parts include potato screws, staples, thumbtacks and the like.
- the spring component includes a spring electrode, a terminal, a connector, a semiconductor probe spring, a leaf spring, and a mainspring spring.
- a metal fiber to be added for imparting electrical conductivity to resin materials, plastic materials, cloths, etc., and controlling strength and elastic modulus.
- consumer parts such as eyeglass frames, watch belts, fountain pen nibs, forks, helmets, injection needles, and medical parts.
- each bar having the alloy composition shown in Table 1 was prepared.
- each aluminum alloy wire (final wire diameter 0.85 mm ⁇ ) was produced under the manufacturing conditions shown in Table 1.
- Each bar was prepared with a diameter that gives a predetermined degree of processing in the final wire diameter.
- Comparative Example 1 An aluminum wire (final wire diameter 0.85 mm ⁇ ) was produced under the production conditions shown in Table 1 using a rod made of 99.99 mass% -Al.
- Comparative Examples 2 to 5 each bar material having the alloy composition shown in Table 1 was used, and each aluminum alloy wire (final wire diameter 0.85 mm ⁇ ) was produced under the manufacturing conditions shown in Table 1.
- the manufacturing conditions A to I shown in Table 1 are specifically as follows.
- ⁇ Production conditions G> The prepared bar was cold worked [1] with a working degree of 2.0, and then tempered annealed [2] under the conditions of a treatment temperature of 80 ° C. and a holding time of 2 hours.
- Example 31 Production condition O in Table 1
- the bar having the alloy composition shown in Table 1 was subjected to cold working [1] with a working degree of 2.0, followed by rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy sheet (final thickness 0.85 mm, width 1.0 mm). ) was produced.
- temper annealing [2] was not performed.
- Example 32 Production condition P in Table 1
- the bar having the alloy composition shown in Table 1 was subjected to cold working [1] with a working degree of 6.5, followed by rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate (final thickness 0.85 mm, width 1.0 mm). ) was produced.
- temper annealing [2] was not performed.
- the observation field of view is (15 to 40) ⁇ m ⁇ (15 to 40) ⁇ m, and in the cross section, a position near the center between the center and the surface layer on the line corresponding to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the aluminum alloy material (surface layer) Observation was performed from the side at a position about 1/4 of the wire diameter or the thickness of the plate). The observation visual field was appropriately adjusted according to the size of the crystal grains, and was observed at three locations on each sample.
- FIG. 4 is a part of a SIM image of a cross-section parallel to the longitudinal direction (processing direction X) of the aluminum alloy material of Example 2 taken when performing SIM observation.
- the fibrous metal structure was evaluated as “present”.
- each observation field arbitrary 100 grains are selected, and the dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of each crystal grain and the dimension parallel to the longitudinal direction of each crystal grain are measured.
- the aspect ratio was calculated. Furthermore, for the dimension and aspect ratio perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains, an average value was calculated from the total number of observed crystal grains. In addition, when the observed crystal grain was clearly larger than 400 nm, the number of selection of the crystal grain which measures each dimension was reduced, and each average value was computed. In addition, when the dimension parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains was clearly 10 times or more the dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains, the aspect ratio was uniformly determined to be 10 or more.
- Each measurement sample was subjected to a tensile test using a precision universal testing machine (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) in accordance with JIS Z2241: 2011, and 0.2% yield strength (MPa) was measured.
- the 0.2% proof stress is preferably as large as possible, and in this example, 400 MPa or more was regarded as the acceptable level.
- HV Vickers hardness
- HM-125 manufactured by Akashi (currently Mitutoyo)
- the test force was 0.1 kgf and the holding time was 15 seconds.
- the Vickers hardness (HV) is preferably as large as possible, and in this example, 125 or more was set as an acceptable level.
- the aluminum alloy materials according to Examples 1 to 30 of the present invention have a specific alloy composition and a fibrous metal structure in which crystal grains extend in one direction, In the cross section parallel to the one direction, it was confirmed that the dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crystal grains was 310 nm or less.
- FIG. 4 is a SIM image of a cross section parallel to the processing direction of the aluminum alloy material according to Example 3. Note that the same metal structure as in FIG. 4 was confirmed for the cross sections parallel to the longitudinal direction of the aluminum alloy materials according to Examples 1 and 2 and 4 to 30.
- the aluminum alloy materials according to Examples 1 to 30 of the present invention having such a specific metal structure have high strength comparable to that of iron-based or copper-based metal materials (for example, 0.2% proof stress of 400 MPa or more, Vickers hardness). (HV) 125 or more).
- the aluminum alloy materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, 5, 9, and 10 have a fibrous metal structure in which the alloy composition does not satisfy the appropriate range of the present invention or the crystal grains extend in one direction. It was confirmed that the crystal grain size was 400 nm or more in the crystal grain longitudinal direction.
- the aluminum alloy materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, 5, 9, and 10 have both 0.2% proof stress and Vickers hardness (HV) as compared with the aluminum alloy materials of Examples 1 to 30 according to the present invention. It was confirmed that it was extremely inferior.
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Abstract
Description
[1]Mg:0.50質量%以上6.0質量%以下、Fe:0質量%以上1.50質量%以下、Si:0質量%以上1.0質量%以下、Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni、Ti、Co、Au、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択される1種以上:合計で0質量%以上2.0質量%以下を含有し、残部がAlおよび不可避不純物からなる合金組成を有するアルミニウム合金材であって、
結晶粒が一方向に揃って延在した繊維状の金属組織を有し、
前記一方向に平行な断面において、前記結晶粒の長手方向に垂直な寸法の平均値が310nm以下であることを特徴とする、アルミニウム合金材。
[2]Mg:0.50質量%以上2.0質量%未満、Si:0質量%以上0.20質量%以下を含有する、上記[1]に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
[3]Mg:2.0質量%以上6.0質量%以下を含有する、上記[1]に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
[4]Mg:3.0質量%以上を含有する、上記[3]に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
[5]ビッカース硬さ(HV)が、125~280である、上記[1]乃至[4]までのいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金材。
[6]Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni、Ti、Co、Au、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択される1種以上:合計で0.06質量%以上を含有する、上記[1]乃至[5]までのいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金材。
[7]Cu:0.05質量%以上0.20質量%以下、Mn:0.3質量%以上1.0質量%以下、Cr:0.05質量%以上0.20質量%以下およびZr:0.02質量%以上0.20質量%以下の群から選択される1種以上を含有する、上記[1]乃至[6]までのいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金材。
[8]110℃、24時間の加熱後の状態で測定した引張強度が300MPa以上である、上記[1]乃至[7]までのいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金材。
[9]上記[1]乃至[8]までのいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いた締結部品。
[10]上記[1]乃至[8]までのいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いた構造用部品。
[11]上記[1]乃至[8]までのいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いたバネ用部品。
[12]上記[1]乃至[8]までのいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いた導電部材。
[13]上記[1]乃至[8]までのいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いた電池用部材。
[第一の実施形態]
本発明のアルミニウム合金材の第一の実施形態の合金組成とその作用について示す。
本発明のアルミニウム合金材の第一の実施形態では、Mgを0.50質量%以上2.0質量%未満含有している。
Mg(マグネシウム)は、アルミニウム母材中に固溶して強化する作用、および微細な結晶を安定化させ、結晶を微細化する作用を持つ。Mg含有量が2.0質量%以上である場合には、加工性が乏しく、加工度5超の比較的高い加工度では加工中に割れが生じやすい。また、Mg含有量が0.50質量%未満である場合には、微細化効果が乏しく、所望の金属組織が得られない。したがって、加工度5超の比較的高い加工度で、結晶微細化の効果を得る場合には、Mg含有量は好ましくは、0.50質量%以上2.0質量%未満、より好ましくは0.50質量%以上1.0質量%未満である。このようなMg含有量を満足することによって、加工度5超の比較的高い加工度で、結晶粒の長手方向に垂直な寸法の平均値が310nm以下の特有の金属組織を得ることができる。
本発明のアルミニウム合金材の第一の実施形態では、Feの含有量を0質量%以上1.50質量%以下とする。
Fe(鉄)は、鋳造、均質化熱処理中に、Al-Fe系、Al-Fe-Si系、Al-Fe-Si-Mg系など、アルミニウムとの金属間化合物、アルミニウムと他の添加元素との金属間化合物として晶出または析出する。これらのようにFeとAlとで主に構成される金属間化合物を本明細書ではFe系化合物と呼ぶ。Fe系化合物は、結晶粒の微細化に寄与するとともに、引張強度を向上させる。また、Feは、アルミニウム中に固溶したFeによっても引張強度を向上させる作用を有する。Feの含有量が増加するにつれてFe系化合物が増加し、強度向上に寄与するが、Feの含有量が1.50質量%を超えると、Fe系化合物が多くなりすぎて、加工性が低下する。なお、鋳造時の冷却速度が遅い場合は、Fe系化合物の分散が疎となり、悪影響度が高まる。したがって、Feの含有量は、0質量%以上1.50質量%以下とし、好ましくは0.02質量%以上0.80質量%以下、より好ましくは0.03質量%以上0.50質量%以下、さらに好ましくは0.04質量%以上0.35質量%以下、一層好ましくは0.05質量%以上0.25質量%以下である。
本発明のアルミニウム合金材の第一の実施形態では、Siの含有量を0質量%以上0.20質量%以下とする。
Si(ケイ素)は、鋳造、均質化熱処理中に、Al-Fe-Si系、Al-Fe-Si-Mg系等の金属間化合物として晶出または析出する成分である。これらのように主にFeとSiを含む金属間化合物を本明細書ではFeSi系金属間化合物と呼ぶ。この金属間化合物は、結晶粒の微細化に寄与するとともに、引張強度を向上させるが、鋳造時に不可避的に晶出または析出するFeSi系金属間化合物は、加工性を低下させる傾向にある。そのため、FeSi系金属間化合物の形成を抑制し、良好な加工性を得る観点から、Siはその含有量を抑制する必要があり、Si含有量を0.20質量%以下に制御する。なお、Siの含有量は、可能な限り低減することが望ましいが、製造工程上、不可避的に含まれる場合を考慮し、実用性の観点から、含有量を0.01質量%以上としてもよい。したがって、Siの含有量は、0質量%以上~0.20質量%以下とし、好ましくは、0質量%以上~0.15質量%以下、さらに好ましくは、0質量%以上~0.10質量%以下である。
本発明のアルミニウム合金材の第一の実施形態では、必須添加成分であるMgに加えて、さらに、任意添加元素として、Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni、Ti、Co、Au、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択される1種以上を合計で0質量%以上2.0質量%以下含有させることができる。
Cu(銅)、Ag(銀)、Zn(亜鉛)、Ni(ニッケル)、Ti(チタン)、Co(コバルト)、Au(金)、Mn(マンガン)、Cr(クロム)、V(バナジウム)、Zr(ジルコニウム)、Sn(スズ)はいずれも、特に耐熱性を向上させる元素である。このような作用効果を十分に発揮させる観点からは、これらの成分の含有量の合計を0.06質量%以上とすることが好ましい。しかし、これらの成分の含有量の合計を2.0質量%超とすると、加工性が低下する。したがって、Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni、Ti、Co、Au、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択される1種以上の含有量の合計は、2.0質量%以下とし、好ましくは0.06質量%以上、より好ましくは0.3質量%以上1.2質量%以下である。なお、これらの成分の含有量は、0質量%としてもよい。また、これらの成分は、1種のみの単独で添加されてもよいし、2種以上の組み合わせで添加されてもよい。特に、腐食環境で使用される場合の耐食性を配慮するとZn、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択されるいずれか1種以上を含有することが好ましい。
上述した成分以外の残部は、Al(アルミニウム)および不可避不純物である。ここでいう不可避不純物は、製造工程上、不可避的に含まれうる含有レベルの不純物を意味する。不可避不純物は、含有量によっては導電率を低下させる要因にもなりうるため、導電率の低下を考慮して不可避不純物の含有量をある程度抑制することが好ましい。不可避不純物として挙げられる成分としては、例えば、B(ホウ素)、Bi(ビスマス)、Pb(鉛)、Ga(ガリウム)、Sr(ストロンチウム)等が挙げられる。なお、これらの成分含有量の上限は、上記成分毎に0.05質量%であってよく、上記成分の総量で0.15質量%であってよい。
次に、本発明のアルミニウム合金材の第二の実施形態の合金組成とその作用について示す。
本発明のアルミニウム合金材の第二の実施形態では、Mgを2.0質量%以上6.0質量%以下含有している。
Mg(マグネシウム)は、アルミニウム母材中に固溶して強化する作用、および微細な結晶を安定化させ、結晶を微細化する作用を持つ。加工度5以下の比較的低い加工度で、結晶微細化の効果を得る場合には、Mg含有量は好ましくは、2.0質量%以上、より好ましくは3.0質量%以上である。Mgの含有量が2.0質量%未満である場合では、加工度5以下の比較的低い加工度で微細化効果が乏しく、所望の金属組織が得られにくい。また、Mg含有量が6.0質量%超である場合には、加工性が乏しいため加工中に割れが生じる。このようなMg含有量を満足することによって、加工度5以下の比較的低い加工度で、結晶粒の長手方向に垂直な寸法の平均値が310nm以下の特有の金属組織を得ることができる。
本発明のアルミニウム合金材の第二の実施形態では、Feの含有量を0質量%以上1.50質量%以下とする。
Fe(鉄)は、鋳造、均質化熱処理中に、Al-Fe系、Al-Fe-Si系、Al-Fe-Si-Mg系など、アルミニウムとの金属間化合物、アルミニウムと他の添加元素との金属間化合物として晶出または析出する。Fe系化合物は、結晶粒の微細化に寄与するとともに、引張強度を向上させる。また、Feは、アルミニウム中に固溶したFeによっても引張強度を向上させる作用を有する。Feの含有量が増加するにつれてFe系化合物が増加し、強度向上に寄与するが、1.50質量%を超えると、Fe系化合物が多くなりすぎて、加工性が低下する。なお、鋳造時の冷却速度が遅い場合は、Fe系化合物の分散が疎となり、悪影響度が高まる。したがって、Feの含有量は、0質量%以上1.50質量%以下とし、好ましくは0.02質量%以上0.80質量%以下、より好ましくは0.03質量%以上0.50質量%以下、さらに好ましくは0.04質量%以上0.35質量%以下、一層好ましくは0.05質量%以上0.25質量%以下である。
本発明のアルミニウム合金材の第二の実施形態では、Siの含有量を0質量%以上1.0質量%以下とする。
Si(ケイ素)は、鋳造、均質化熱処理中に、Mg-Si系、Al-Fe-Si系、Al-Fe-Si-Mg系等の金属間化合物として晶出または析出する成分である。これらのように主にMgとSiを含む金属間化合物を本明細書ではMgSi系金属間化合物と呼ぶ。Siは、Mgが2.0質量%以上の場合には、MgSi系金属間化合物として晶出または析出しやすく、結晶粒の微細化に寄与するとともに、引張強度を向上させる。Siが、1.0質量%より多いと、FeSi系金属間化合物として晶出または析出すしやすく、加工性を低下させる傾向にある。そのため、FeSi系金属間化合物の形成を抑制し、良好な加工性を得る観点から、Siはその含有量を抑制する必要があり、Si含有量を1.0質量%以下に制御する。なお、Siの含有量は、可能な限り低減することが望ましいが、製造工程上、不可避的に含まれる場合を考慮し、実用性の観点から、含有量の下限値を0.01質量%以上としてもよい。したがって、Siの含有量は、0質量%以上1.0質量%以下とし、好ましくは、0質量%以上0.60質量%以下、さらに好ましくは、0質量%以上0.40質量%以下、一層好ましくは0質量%以上0.20質量%以下である。
第一の実施形態と同様、必須添加成分であるMgに加えて、さらに、任意添加元素として、Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni、Ti、Co、Au、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択される1種以上を合計で0質量%以上2.0質量%以下含有させることができる。
Cu(銅)、Ag(銀)、Zn(亜鉛)、Ni(ニッケル)、Ti(チタン)、Co(コバルト)、Au(金)、Mn(マンガン)、Cr(クロム)、V(バナジウム)、Zr(ジルコニウム)、Sn(スズ)はいずれも、特に耐熱性を向上させる元素である。このような作用効果を十分に発揮させる観点からは、これらの成分の含有量の合計を0.06質量%以上とすることが好ましい。しかし、これらの成分の含有量の合計を2.0質量%超とすると、加工性が低下する。したがって、Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni、Ti、Co、Au、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択される1種以上の含有量の合計は、2.0質量%以下とし、好ましくは0.06質量%以上、より好ましくは0.3質量%以上1.2質量%以下である。なお、これらの成分の含有量は、0質量%としてもよい。また、これらの成分は、1種のみの単独で添加されてもよいし、2種以上の組み合わせで添加されてもよい。特に、腐食環境で使用される場合の耐食性を配慮するとZn、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択されるいずれか1種以上を含有することが好ましい。
上述した成分以外の残部は、Al(アルミニウム)および不可避不純物である。ここでいう不可避不純物は、製造工程上、不可避的に含まれうる含有レベルの不純物を意味する。不可避不純物は、含有量によっては導電率を低下させる要因にもなりうるため、導電率の低下を考慮して不可避不純物の含有量をある程度抑制することが好ましい。不可避不純物として挙げられる成分としては、例えば、B(ホウ素)、Bi(ビスマス)、Pb(鉛)、Ga(ガリウム)、Sr(ストロンチウム)等が挙げられる。なお、これらの成分含有量の上限は、上記成分毎に0.05質量%であってよく、上記成分の総量で0.15質量%であってよい。
このような本発明の一実施例によるアルミニウム合金材は、特にAl-Mg系合金の内部に結晶粒界を高密度で導入することにより、高強度化を図ることを特徴とする。したがって、従来のアルミニウム合金材で一般的に行われてきた、Mg-Si化合物の析出硬化させる方法とは、高強度化に対するアプローチが大きく異なる。
加工度(無次元):η=ln(s1/s2) ・・・(1)
加工率(%):R={(s1-s2)/s1}×100 ・・・(2)
上述のような製造方法によって製造される本発明のアルミニウム合金材は、金属組織内に結晶粒界が高密度で導入されている。このような本発明のアルミニウム合金材は、結晶粒が一方向に揃って延在した繊維状の金属組織を有し、上記一方向に平行な断面において、上記結晶粒の長手方向に垂直な寸法の平均値が310nm以下であることを特徴とする。このようなアルミニウム合金材は、従来にはない特有の金属組織を有することにより、特に優れた強度を発揮し得る。
[0.2%耐力]
0.2%耐力は、JIS Z2241:2011に準拠して測定された値とする。詳しい測定条件は、後述する実施例の欄にて説明する。
ビッカース硬さ(HV)は、JIS Z 2244:2009に準拠して測定された値とする。詳しい測定条件は、後述する実施例の欄にて説明する。なお、すでに部品となった加工品のビッカース硬さ(HV)を測定する場合には、加工品を分解して、断面を鏡面研磨し、その断面について測定を行うこともできる。
引張強度は、JIS Z2241:2011に準拠して測定されたとする。詳しい測定条件は、後述する実施例の欄にて説明する。
本発明のアルミニウム合金材は、鉄系材料、銅系材料およびアルミニウム系材料が用いられているあらゆる用途が対象となり得る。具体的には、電線、ケーブル等の導電部材、集電体用のメッシュ、網等の電池用部材、ねじ、ボルト、リベット等の締結部品、コイルバネ等のバネ用部品、コネクタ、端子等の電気接点用バネ部材、シャフト、フレーム等の構造用部品、ガイドワイヤー、半導体用のボンディングワイヤー、発電機、モータに用いられる巻線等として好適に用いることができる。また、本発明のアルミニウム合金材は、好ましくは耐熱性にも優れるため、特に耐熱性が要求される用途に対してさらに好適である。
まず、表1に示す合金組成を有する各棒材を準備した。次に、各棒材を用いて、表1に示す製造条件にて、それぞれのアルミニウム合金線材(最終線径0.85mmφ)を作製した。なお、各棒材は、最終線径において所定の加工度となる径のものを用意した。
比較例1では、99.99質量%-Alからなる棒材を用い、表1に示す製造条件にて、アルミニウム線材(最終線径0.85mmφ)を作製した。
比較例2~5は、表1に示す合金組成を有する各棒材を用い、表1に示す製造条件にて、それぞれのアルミニウム合金線材(最終線径0.85mmφ)を作製した。
準備した棒材に対し、加工度2.0の冷間加工[1]を行った。なお、調質焼鈍[2]は行わなかった。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を4.0とした以外は、製造条件Aと同じ条件で行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を5.0とした以外は、製造条件Aと同じ条件で行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を5.5とした以外は、製造条件Aと同じ条件で行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を8.5とした以外は、製造条件Aと同じ条件で行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を9.5とした以外は、製造条件Aと同じ条件で行った。
準備した棒材に対し、加工度2.0の冷間加工[1]を行い、その後、処理温度80℃、保持時間2時間の条件で調質焼鈍[2]を行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を4.0とした以外は、製造条件Eと同じ条件で行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を5.0とした以外は、製造条件Eと同じ条件で行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を5.5とした以外は、製造条件Eと同じ条件で行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を8.5とした以外は、製造条件Eと同じ条件で行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を9.5とした以外は、製造条件Eと同じ条件で行った。
冷間加工[1]の加工度を1.0とした以外は、製造条件Aと同じ条件で行った。
表1に示す合金組成を有する各棒材に対し、加工度2.0の冷間加工[1]を行ったが、断線が多発したため、作業を中止した。
表1に示す合金組成を有する棒材に対し、加工度2.0の冷間加工[1]を行った後、圧延加工を行い、アルミニウム合金板材(最終板厚0.85mm、幅1.0mm)を作製した。なお、調質焼鈍[2]は行わなかった。
表1に示す合金組成を有する棒材に対し、加工度6.5の冷間加工[1]を行った後、圧延加工を行い、アルミニウム合金板材(最終板厚0.85mm、幅1.0mm)を作製した。なお、調質焼鈍[2]は行わなかった。
純Al地金(JIS A1070)に2.5質量%のMgを添加した合金組成を有する鋳塊を製造し、これを560℃にて24時間の均質化処理し、冷間加工により、板材を作製した。この板材を、320℃で4時間の再結晶化処理した後、加工度3.0の冷間加工[1]を施し、アルミニウム合金板材(最終板厚0.85mm)を作製した。なお、調質焼鈍は行わなかった。
表1に示す組成のアルミニウム合金を、溶解し、半連続鋳造にて鋳塊を作製した。この鋳塊に、480℃にて均質化熱処理を行った。その後、熱間圧延(開始温度:400℃、終了温度:330℃)を施して、熱間圧延板とした。その後、加工度1.9の冷間加工[1]を施し、175℃にて4時間の調質焼鈍を施し、アルミニウム合金板材(最終板厚0.85mm)を作製した。
上記実施例および比較例に係るアルミニウム合金線材およびアルミニウム合金板材(以下、「アルミニウム合金材」という。)を用いて、下記に示す特性評価を行った。各特性の評価条件は下記の通りである。結果を表1に示す。
JIS H1305:2005に準じて、発光分光分析法によって行った。なお、測定は、発光分光分析装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製)を用いて行った。
金属組織の観察は、走査イオン顕微鏡(SMI3050TB、セイコーインスツル株式会社製)を用い、SIM(Scanning Ion Microscope)観察により行った。加速電圧30kVにて観察を行った。観察用試料は、上記アルミニウム合金材の長手方向(加工方向X)に平行な断面について、FIB(Focused Ion Beam)により加工し、イオンミリングで仕上げたものを用いた。
まず、測定用サンプルを準備した。実施例1~30および比較例1~5の線材については、伸線状態のままで、測定用サンプルとした。また、実施例31、32のアルミニウム合金板材については、圧延状態のままで、測定用サンプルとした。また、比較例9のアルミニウム合金板材については、圧延後、打ち抜き加工を行い、幅1.0mmに加工したものを、測定用サンプルとした。さらに、比較例10のアルミニウム合金板材については、圧延後、切出し加工を行い、幅1.0mmに加工したものを、測定用サンプルとした。
JIS Z2241:2011に準じて、精密万能試験機(島津製作所社製)を用いて、引張試験を行い、引張強さ(MPa)を測定した。また、上記試験は、ひずみ速度2×10-3/sの条件で実施した。なお、各アルミニウム合金材の測定用サンプルは、0.2%耐力の測定の場合と同様にして準備したが、特にここでは、上記A~Rの条件で製造したままの状態のアルミニウム合金材と、さらに製造後に110℃で24時間加熱したアルミニウム合金材を準備し、それぞれについて、各3本ずつ引張強さを測定し(N=3)、それぞれの平均値を、各アルミニウム合金材の加熱前の引張強度と、加熱後の引張強度とした。本実施例では、加熱前のアルミニウム合金材については、450MPa以上を良好と評価した。また、加熱後のアルミニウム合金材については、300MPa以上を良好と評価した。
JIS Z2244:2009に準じて、微小硬さ試験機 HM-125(アカシ社(現ミツトヨ社)製)を用いて、ビッカース硬さ(HV)を測定した。このとき、試験力は0.1kgf、保持時間は15秒とした。また、測定位置は、アルミニウム合金材の長手方向に平行な断面において、長手方向に垂直な方向に対応する線上の、中心と表層の中間付近の位置(表層側から線径もしくは板厚の約1/4中心側の位置)とし、測定値(N=5)の平均値を、各アルミニウム合金材のビッカース硬さ(HV)とした。なお、測定値の最大値および最小値の差が10以上であった場合には、さらに測定数を増やし、測定値(N=10)の平均値を、各アルミニウム合金材のビッカース硬さ(HV)とした。ビッカース硬さ(HV)は大きいほど好ましく、本実施例では、125以上を合格レベルとした。
Claims (13)
- Mg:0.50質量%以上6.0質量%以下、Fe:0質量%以上1.50質量%以下、Si:0質量%以上1.0質量%以下、Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni、Ti、Co、Au、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択される1種以上:合計で0質量%以上2.0質量%以下を含有し、残部がAlおよび不可避不純物からなる合金組成を有するアルミニウム合金材であって、
結晶粒が一方向に揃って延在した繊維状の金属組織を有し、
前記一方向に平行な断面において、前記結晶粒の長手方向に垂直な寸法の平均値が310nm以下であることを特徴とする、アルミニウム合金材。 - Mg:0.50質量%以上2.0質量%未満、Si:0質量%以上0.20質量%以下を含有する、請求項1に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
- Mg:2.0質量%以上6.0質量%以下を含有する、請求項1に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
- Mg:3.0質量%以上を含有する、請求項3に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
- ビッカース硬さ(HV)が、125~280である、請求項1乃至4までのいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
- Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni、Ti、Co、Au、Mn、Cr、V、ZrおよびSnから選択される1種以上:合計で0.06質量%以上を含有する、請求項1乃至5までのいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
- Cu:0.05質量%以上0.20質量%以下、Mn:0.3質量%以上1.0質量%以下、Cr:0.05質量%以上0.20質量%以下およびZr:0.02質量%以上0.20質量%以下の群から選択される1種以上を含有する、請求項1乃至6までのいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
- 110℃、24時間の加熱後の状態で測定した引張強度が300MPa以上である、請求項1乃至7までのいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金材。
- 請求項1乃至8までのいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いた締結部品。
- 請求項1乃至8までのいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いた構造用部品。
- 請求項1乃至8までのいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いたバネ用部品。
- 請求項1乃至8までのいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いた導電部材。
- 請求項1乃至8までのいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金材を用いた電池用部材。
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CN113039301A (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-06-25 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | 铝合金材料及使用其的导电构件、电池用构件、紧固部件、弹簧用部件、结构用部件、橡胶绝缘电缆 |
CN113039302A (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-06-25 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | 铝合金材料及使用其的导电构件、电池用构件、紧固部件、弹簧用部件、结构用部件、橡胶绝缘电缆 |
CN113039301B (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-10-11 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | 铝合金材料及使用其的导电构件、电池用构件、紧固部件、弹簧用部件、结构用部件、橡胶绝缘电缆 |
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EP3587608A4 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
EP3587608A1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
US20190368008A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
JP2019081959A (ja) | 2019-05-30 |
JPWO2018155531A1 (ja) | 2019-02-28 |
EP3587608B1 (en) | 2022-08-31 |
CN114645165A (zh) | 2022-06-21 |
KR20190121292A (ko) | 2019-10-25 |
CN110337502A (zh) | 2019-10-15 |
CN114645165B (zh) | 2023-10-24 |
CN110337502B (zh) | 2022-04-29 |
US11268172B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 |
KR102570707B1 (ko) | 2023-08-24 |
JP6479274B2 (ja) | 2019-03-06 |
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