WO2018145327A1 - 一种垂直提升装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种垂直提升装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018145327A1
WO2018145327A1 PCT/CN2017/073733 CN2017073733W WO2018145327A1 WO 2018145327 A1 WO2018145327 A1 WO 2018145327A1 CN 2017073733 W CN2017073733 W CN 2017073733W WO 2018145327 A1 WO2018145327 A1 WO 2018145327A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stepping
vehicle
lifting
rope
lifting rope
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/073733
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
寇子明
高贵军
崔功军
张静
王海清
魏学良
Original Assignee
太原理工大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 太原理工大学 filed Critical 太原理工大学
Priority to US15/764,679 priority Critical patent/US11479449B2/en
Publication of WO2018145327A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018145327A1/zh
Priority to ZA2019/00670A priority patent/ZA201900670B/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C19/00—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/04—Pulley blocks or like devices in which force is applied to a rope, cable, or chain which passes over one or more pulleys, e.g. to obtain mechanical advantage
    • B66D3/06—Pulley blocks or like devices in which force is applied to a rope, cable, or chain which passes over one or more pulleys, e.g. to obtain mechanical advantage with more than one pulley
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C11/00—Trolleys or crabs, e.g. operating above runways
    • B66C11/16—Rope, cable, or chain drives for trolleys; Combinations of such drives with hoisting gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/46—Position indicators for suspended loads or for crane elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C15/00—Safety gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C25/00—Cranes not provided for in groups B66C17/00 - B66C23/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C5/00—Base supporting structures with legs
    • B66C5/02—Fixed or travelling bridges or gantries, i.e. elongated structures of inverted L or of inverted U shape or tripods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/04—Pulley blocks or like devices in which force is applied to a rope, cable, or chain which passes over one or more pulleys, e.g. to obtain mechanical advantage
    • B66D3/06—Pulley blocks or like devices in which force is applied to a rope, cable, or chain which passes over one or more pulleys, e.g. to obtain mechanical advantage with more than one pulley
    • B66D3/08—Arrangements of sheaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/16—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes for action on ropes or cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of weight lifting, and in particular to a vertical lifting device and method.
  • the existing internal construction system of the wellbore has been developed into a diversified system with various types of rock drills.
  • the uphole lifting system has always adopted the structure of the derrick and pulley. Since the derrick should avoid the wellhead, the support column of the derrick should be placed at a certain distance from the wellhead and the roof of the derrick installation pulley should have a certain height, and a winch should be set outside the derrick, which will occupy a large ground and space. .
  • the hoisting ropes of the lifting equipment are also fixed and can not be flexibly adjusted, which easily hinders the construction of construction equipment inside the wellbore.
  • the construction of the derrick is limited by space, which is more likely to hinder the construction of construction equipment inside the wellbore.
  • FIG. 1 The structure of the specific blind well and lifting system is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the ground 101 , the shaft 102 , the roadway 103 , and the blind well 104 are included.
  • the top of the blind well 104 is a hat well 105 , and the hat well 105 is provided.
  • the balance wheel 106 starting from the winch 107, passes through the diverting pulley 108, bypasses the balance wheel 106, and connects the weight 109.
  • the installation of the winch also avoids the passage of the main material, ensuring that the equipment is not interfered with and the upper row of the waste.
  • the derrick takes up a lot of space, the up and down route of the hoisting rope cannot be adjusted, and the entire lifting system is not safe enough, which is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • embodiments of the present invention are expected to provide a vertical lifting device and method, which can reduce the space occupied by the device, flexibly adjust the up and down route of the lifting rope, and increase the safety of the lifting system.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a vertical lifting device, comprising a fixing frame fixed to a foundation, wherein the fixing frame is provided with a first cavity through which the lifting rope is received;
  • a carriage that is horizontally moved on the fixing frame is disposed above the fixing frame, and a second cavity that accommodates the passage of the lifting rope is disposed in the middle of the sliding frame;
  • the sliding frame is provided with at least two stepping vehicles for alternately lowering or lifting heavy objects, and each stepping car moves on the sliding frame, and each stepping car is separated by a preset distance;
  • each stepping cart is provided with a gripping member that grips the lift cord and a drive mechanism that drives the stepper to move on the carriage.
  • the driving mechanism includes hydraulic cylinders, and the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the stepping vehicles.
  • the vertical lifting device further comprises: controlling the driving mechanism to be alternately driven A control mechanism of each stepping vehicle, the control mechanism electrically connecting the drive mechanism.
  • control mechanism includes: a sensing component that detects the position of each stepping vehicle, the sensing component is disposed at a preset position that is easy to detect the position of each stepping vehicle, and the sensing component electrically connects the control mechanism.
  • the fixing frame is provided with a first sliding rail for moving the sliding frame, and the bottom of the sliding frame is provided with a first pulley matched with the first sliding rail; the sliding frame is provided with A second slide rail for each stepping vehicle is moved, and a bottom portion of each stepping vehicle is provided with a second pulley matched with the second slide rail.
  • the vertical lifting device further includes: a rewinding tray that gathers the lifting cord, the rewinding disc is disposed above or outside the sliding frame, and the rewinding disc can follow the lifting cord Move and turn.
  • the vertical lifting device further includes a reversing pulley, and the lifting rope enters the bottom of the reversing pulley from each stepping vehicle, and extends from the upper portion of the reversing pulley after bypassing the reversing pulley. And connecting the underlying weight through the first cavity and the second cavity.
  • the vertical lifting device further includes a brake mechanism for braking the lift rope, the lift rope passing through the brake mechanism, and the brake mechanism is disposed between each stepping car and a weight .
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a vertical lifting method, the method comprising:
  • the first stepping vehicle holds the lifting rope, the second stepping vehicle releases the lifting rope, the first stepping vehicle moves in a first direction, and the second stepping vehicle moves in a second direction;
  • the second stepping vehicle clamps the lifting rope, the first stepping vehicle releases the lifting rope, the second The stepping vehicle moves in a first direction, and the first stepping vehicle moves in a second direction;
  • the first stepping carriage and the second stepping carriage alternately clamp the lifting rope to move in a first direction until the weight reaches a preset position.
  • the first stepping vehicle holds the lifting rope, and the second stepping vehicle releases the lifting.
  • a rope the first stepping vehicle moves in a first direction, and the second stepping vehicle moves in a second direction, comprising:
  • the clamping member of the second stepping vehicle releases the lifting rope, and the first driving mechanism drives the first stepping vehicle to the first direction Movement, the second driving mechanism drives the second stepping carriage to move in the second direction.
  • the second stepping vehicle clamps the lifting rope, and the first stepping vehicle releases the lifting a second stepping vehicle moving in a first direction, the first stepping vehicle moving in a second direction, comprising:
  • the command sensing component detects the position of the stepping vehicle
  • the method further includes:
  • the vertical lifting device and method provided by the embodiment of the present invention include a fixing frame fixed to a foundation, wherein the fixing frame is provided with a first cavity for accommodating the hoisting rope; and the fixing frame is disposed above the fixing frame a horizontally movable sliding frame, wherein the sliding frame is provided with a second cavity for receiving the lifting rope; the sliding frame is provided with at least two stepping vehicles for alternately lowering or lifting heavy objects, each of which The stepping car moves on the sliding frame, and each stepping car is separated by a preset distance;
  • the lifting rope passes through each stepping vehicle in turn, and each stepping vehicle is provided with a clamping member for clamping the lifting rope and a driving mechanism for driving the stepping carriage to move on the sliding frame;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a blind well and a lifting system in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a vertical lifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the top view of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of placing a heavy object in a vertical lifting method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of lifting a heavy object in a vertical lifting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a vertical lifting device, comprising a fixing frame fixed to a foundation, wherein the fixing frame is provided with a first cavity for accommodating the hoisting rope; and the fixing frame is disposed above the fixing frame a horizontally movable sliding frame, wherein the sliding frame is provided with a second cavity for receiving the lifting rope; the sliding frame is provided with at least two stepping vehicles for alternately lowering or lifting heavy objects, each of which The stepping car moves on the sliding frame, and each stepping car is spaced apart by a preset distance; the lifting rope passes through each stepping car in turn, and each stepping car is provided with a clamping clamping the lifting rope A component and a drive mechanism that drives the stepper to move on the carriage.
  • the principle of the embodiment of the present invention is that the upper and lower positions of the lifting rope can be conveniently adjusted by the mutual cooperation of the fixing frame and the sliding frame, and the height of the fixing frame is lower than the length or width of the fixing frame, and the space occupied by the height direction is small;
  • the stepping cars alternately lower or lift the heavy objects, so that the lifting or lifting of the heavy objects is orderly and fast, and will not be out of control due to the acceleration of gravity, increasing the safety of the entire lifting system. Fullness.
  • the fixing frame may be a rectangular shape or a circular shape, but generally the height is lower than the length or the width, that is, the flat shape, so that the height direction occupying space is much smaller than the derrick, and if it is a blind well construction, the fixing frame is fixed.
  • the height needs to be lower than the height of the roadway;
  • the fixing frame is generally fixed on the ground, and the bottom is provided with a fixed supporting leg. If it is a blind well construction, it is fixed in the roadway of the blind well wellhead;
  • the support legs of the fixing frame can be moved in the roadway of the ground or the blind well, and after moving to a suitable position, the supporting legs can be locked, so that the upper and lower routes of the lifting rope can be more flexibly adjusted;
  • the support legs may be provided with rollers for facilitating movement on the ground, or other structures, which are not described in detail.
  • the vertical lifting device can be provided with two stepping vehicles or a plurality of stepping vehicles.
  • Each stepping car is provided with a clamping component, and the power of the clamping component may be air pressure, hydraulic pressure and electric motor, and no detailed description is made;
  • the portion of the clamping member that is in contact with the hoisting rope may be a friction material having good friction performance and little wear on the hoisting rope, specifically a friction material mainly composed of inorganic fibers and no metal type, more specifically, non-asbestos.
  • Organic material type friction material NAO, NO Asbestos Organic
  • the hoisting rope is generally a steel wire rope, the friction of the steel wire rope is relatively small using a metal-free friction material, so that the service life of the hoist rope is longer.
  • the vertical lifting device can be provided with a lifting rope or a plurality of lifting ropes;
  • a plurality of lifting ropes are provided, each stepping vehicle needs to be provided with a plurality of clamping members or a clamping member having a plurality of clamping claws, and the plurality of lifting ropes need to avoid mutual friction;
  • the vertical lifting device can be provided with two lifting ropes, so that the weight can be balanced, the structure is simple, and the occupied space is small.
  • the driving mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rod of each hydraulic cylinder is connected to each stepping car; since the moving manner of each stepping vehicle is horizontal reciprocating movement, the vertical lifting device adopts a hydraulic cylinder as a driving mechanism, and has a simple structure. The advantages of low energy consumption and reliable use.
  • the vertical lifting device further includes a control mechanism that controls the driving mechanism to alternately drive the stepping vehicle, and the control mechanism is electrically connected to the driving mechanism;
  • control mechanism may be a single chip microcomputer or a programmable logic controller (PLC).
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • control mechanism includes a sensing component that detects the position of each stepping vehicle, the sensing component is disposed at a preset position that is easy to detect the position of each stepping vehicle, and the sensing component is electrically connected to the control mechanism;
  • the sensing component may be a travel switch or a photoelectric sensor.
  • the fixing frame is provided with a first sliding rail for moving the sliding frame, and the bottom of the sliding frame is provided with a first pulley matched with the first sliding rail; the sliding frame is provided with The second sliding rail of the stepping vehicle is moved, and the bottom of the stepping vehicle is provided with a second pulley that matches the second sliding rail.
  • the vertical lifting device further includes a rewinding tray that gathers the lifting cord, the rewinding disc is disposed above or outside the sliding frame, and the rewinding disc can follow the movement of the lifting cord Rotate
  • the rewinding disc may be self-powerless and can only follow the movement of the lifting rope If it is rotated, it can also be powered by itself, such as motor drive, which can be actively rotated under the command of the control mechanism; specifically, after the control mechanism detects the moving direction of the moving rope, it issues a corresponding command to command the reel Driving mechanism drives the reel to rotate;
  • the clamping members of the stepping carriages are alternately clamped when being lowered and lifted, so the rewinding disc is substantially unstressed compared to the reel of the prior art winch, so the reeling disc itself and the hoisting rope are worn. Both are greatly reduced and the service life is improved.
  • the vertical lifting device further includes a reversing pulley, and the lifting rope extends from the stepping vehicle into the bottom of the reversing pulley, and surrounds the reversing pulley, and protrudes from the upper portion of the reversing pulley. And connecting the underlying weight through the first cavity and the second cavity;
  • the reversing pulley may be provided one or more; preferably, the vertical lifting device may be provided with two reversing pulleys, and the two reversing pulleys are spaced apart by a preset distance;
  • the hoisting rope can enter from the bottom of the first redirecting pulley, pass the first redirecting pulley and then enter the bottom of the second redirecting pulley, bypassing the second redirecting pulley Extending from the upper portion of the second redirecting pulley, and then entering the upper portion of the first redirecting pulley, and connecting the lower weight through the first cavity and the second cavity;
  • the horizontal lifting rope and the vertical lifting rope can be shifted from each other by adjusting the position of the redirecting pulley; a flexible isolation member that does not damage the hoisting rope at the intersection of the rope and the vertical hoisting rope;
  • the lifting rope bypasses the first redirecting pulley and directly enters from the bottom of the second redirecting pulley.
  • the vertical lifting device further includes a braking mechanism for braking the lifting rope, the lifting rope passing through the braking mechanism, the braking mechanism being disposed between each stepping car and a weight;
  • the vertical lifting device is provided with a braking mechanism
  • the braking mechanism is disposed between each stepping car and the weight, so that the quick braking is facilitated;
  • the braking mechanism can be disposed between the stepping car and the reversing pulley, that is, the lifting rope enters the braking mechanism after passing through the stepping car, and then enters the reversing pulley;
  • the quick braking of the moving mechanism also facilitates the mounting of the braking mechanism on the carriage.
  • the brake mechanism may be provided with a speed monitoring component and a brake component, and the speed monitoring component may be a speed sensor, and the brake component may be a friction braking principle;
  • the clamping of the clamping parts of each stepping car during the lowering and lifting also basically functions as a brake component of the winch in the prior art, and an independent braking mechanism is additionally provided, which greatly improves The safety of the vertical lifting device.
  • a portion of the brake member that is in contact with the lift cord may also employ a friction material employed by the gripping member of the stepping vehicle, preferably, the brake member of the brake mechanism and the brake member
  • the asbestos-free organic friction material is used for the contact of the hoisting rope.
  • the speed monitoring component may electrically connect the brake mechanism, and when the speed monitoring component detects that the speed of the hoisting rope is out of control, the brake mechanism is notified, and the brake mechanism notifies the brake component to perform braking ;
  • the speed monitoring component may be disposed at any position on the trajectory of the hoisting rope; preferably, the speed monitoring component may be disposed at a reversing pulley closest to the weight end of the hoisting rope, configured to monitor the hoisting rope of the vertical direction Movement speed; since the hoisting rope is not completely rigid, the speeds of the whole are not completely consistent, and only the closest to the weight end of the hoisting rope can better reflect the speed of the weight movement. Degree; close to the weight end of the lifting rope, and meet the reversing pulley, it is easy to install and electrically connect with the brake mechanism.
  • the speed monitoring component may be electrically connected to the control mechanism, and when the speed monitoring component detects that the speed of the hoisting rope is out of control, the control mechanism is notified, and the control mechanism notifies the braking mechanism to perform the system. This means that the brake mechanism does not require additional control components.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a vertical lifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the top view of FIG. 2; as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a vertical lifting device includes a fixing frame 11, a sliding frame 10, and a lifting rope 2 a first stepping vehicle 4, a second stepping vehicle 3, a first driving mechanism 8, and a second driving mechanism 7;
  • the fixing frame 11 has a rectangular shape, and is provided with a supporting leg 12 around the fixing frame 11 .
  • the fixing frame 11 is provided with a first cavity 14 for receiving the lifting rope 2 .
  • the fixing frame 11 is fixed by the supporting leg 12 .
  • the bottom of the support leg 12 is provided with a circular roller and a locking device. The circular roller can be moved on the ground, and when it is moved to a proper position, it is locked by the locking device, and the fixing frame 11 is fixed to the ground;
  • the fixing frame is fixed in the roadway of the blind well wellhead;
  • the carriage 10 is disposed above the fixed frame 11 , and the carriage 10 can be horizontally moved on the fixed frame 11 , and the carriage 10 is provided with a second portion for receiving the lift rope 2 Cavity 15;
  • the first stepping vehicle 4 and the second stepping vehicle 3 are disposed on the carriage 10, and the first stepping carriage 4 and the second stepping carriage 3 are movable on the carriage and mutually The preset distance between them;
  • the vertical lifting device is provided with two lifting ropes 2 respectively connected to two sides of the weight, and the lifting rope 2 sequentially passes through the first stepping car 4 and the second stepping car 3 On both sides, wear Passing through the first cavity 14 and the second cavity 15 into the well, connected to the connection point 13 of the weight (the weight is not shown in the figure); the first stepping cart 4 and the second stepping
  • the two sides of the vehicle 3 are provided with clamping members (not shown) for holding the lifting rope, and the portion of the clamping member that contacts the lifting rope 2 is made of a non-asbestos organic type friction material;
  • the first stepping carriage 4 is provided with a first drive mechanism 8 and the second stepping carriage 3 is provided with a second drive mechanism 7.
  • the first driving mechanism 8 and the second driving mechanism 7 each include a hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the first driving mechanism 8 is connected to the first stepping motor 4, and the second driving mechanism 7 The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second stepping carriage 3.
  • the vertical lifting device further comprises a control mechanism for controlling the driving mechanism to alternately drive the first stepping carriage 4 and the second stepping carriage 3, the control mechanism electrically connecting the first driving mechanism 8 and the The second drive mechanism 7; the control mechanism is a programmable logic controller.
  • control mechanism comprises a sensing component (not shown) for detecting the positions of the first stepping carriage 4 and the second stepping carriage 3, the sensing component being a travel switch.
  • the fixing frame 11 is provided with a first sliding rail for moving the sliding frame 10
  • the bottom of the sliding frame 10 is provided with a first pulley matched with the first sliding rail.
  • the carriage 10 is provided with a second slide rail for moving the first stepping carriage 4 and the second stepping carriage 3, and the bottom of the first stepping carriage 4 and the second stepping carriage 3 are respectively provided. a second pulley that mates with the second rail.
  • the vertical lifting device further comprises a rewinding tray 1 that gathers the lifting cord 2, the rewinding disc 1 is disposed above the sliding frame 10, and the rewinding disc 1 can follow the lifting cord 2 Rotate;
  • the rewinding disc 1 is provided with a third driving mechanism (not shown) that drives the rotation of the reeling disc 1, and after the control mechanism detects the moving direction of the lifting cord 2, the third driving The mechanism issues a corresponding command, and the third drive mechanism drives the rewinding disc 1 to rotate.
  • a third driving mechanism (not shown) that drives the rotation of the reeling disc 1, and after the control mechanism detects the moving direction of the lifting cord 2, the third driving The mechanism issues a corresponding command, and the third drive mechanism drives the rewinding disc 1 to rotate.
  • the vertical lifting device further comprises a reversing pulley, that is, a first reversing pulley 5 and a second Redirecting the pulley 6, the two redirecting pulleys are spaced apart by a predetermined distance;
  • the horizontal lifting rope 2 and the vertical lifting rope 2 are shifted from each other by adjusting the position of the redirecting pulley; as shown in FIG.
  • the first redirecting pulley 5 and the second redirecting pulley 6 are offset from the outside of the carriage 10 by a predetermined distance, so that the horizontal lifting cord 2 and the vertical lifting cord 2 are shifted from each other.
  • the vertical lifting device further comprises a brake mechanism 9 for braking the lift rope, the lift rope 2 passing through the brake mechanism 9, the brake mechanism 9 being disposed in the first stepping cart 4 and Change between the pulleys;
  • the brake mechanism 9 employs the principle of friction braking, and the brake mechanism 9 performs a braking action under the instruction of the control mechanism;
  • the portion of the brake member that is in contact with the hoisting rope 2 is made of a non-asbestos organic type friction material, and the hoisting rope 2 is generally a steel wire rope, and the wear of the hoisting rope 2 is relatively small using the non-asbestos organic type friction material.
  • the vertical lifting device is further provided with a speed monitoring component, the speed monitoring component is electrically connected to the control mechanism, and when the speed monitoring component detects that the speed of the lifting rope 2 is out of control, the control mechanism is notified, The control mechanism notifies the brake mechanism 9 to perform braking;
  • the speed monitoring component is disposed at the first redirecting pulley 5 and configured to monitor the moving speed of the lifting rope in the vertical direction.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a vertical lifting method, which involves a process of lowering a heavy object and a process of lifting a heavy object, which are respectively introduced below.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of placing a heavy object in a vertical lifting method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vertical lifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a top view of FIG. 2
  • the process of lowering the heavy object is detailed. As elaborated, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, the process includes:
  • Step 401 The first stepping vehicle holds the lifting rope, the second stepping vehicle releases the lifting rope, the first stepping vehicle moves in a first direction, and the second stepping vehicle moves in a second direction. ;
  • the first direction is a direction close to the weight, that is, the left side in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3
  • the second direction is a direction away from the weight, that is, the right side in FIG. 2 or FIG.
  • control mechanism instructs the gripping member of the first stepping cart 4 to clamp the lift cord 2
  • the gripping member of the second stepping cart 3 releases the lift cord 2
  • the first drive mechanism 8 drives the The first stepping carriage 4 moves in a first direction
  • the second driving mechanism 7 drives the second stepping carriage 3 to move in a second direction.
  • Step 402 When the first stepping vehicle moves to an extreme position in the first direction, the second stepping vehicle clamps the lifting rope, and the first stepping vehicle releases the lifting rope.
  • the second stepping vehicle moves in a first direction, and the first stepping vehicle moves in a second direction;
  • control mechanism instructs the sensing component to detect the position of the stepping vehicle
  • the control mechanism instructs the gripping member of the second stepping cart 3 to clamp the lift cord 2, the gripping member of the first stepping cart 4 releases the lift cord 2, and the second drive mechanism 7
  • the second stepping cart 3 is driven to move in a first direction, and the first driving mechanism 8 drives the first stepping cart 4 to move in a second direction.
  • Step 403 The first stepping carriage and the second stepping carriage alternately clamp the lifting rope to move in a first direction until the weight reaches a preset position;
  • the weight Since the weight has a gravitational acceleration when it is lowered or lifted, the two stepping vehicles are commanded by the control mechanism, and the heavy objects are alternately lowered or lifted, so that the lifting or lifting of the heavy objects is more orderly, and the weight is not lost due to the acceleration of gravity. Increase the security of the entire lifting system;
  • the first stepping carriage 4 and the second stepping carriage 3 can only perform linear reciprocating motion, and thus When one of the stepping carriages grips the hoisting rope 2 to move, the other stepping cart needs to move in the opposite direction to reserve a stroke for the next clamping of the hoisting rope 2 movement.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of lifting a heavy object in a vertical lifting method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vertical lifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a top view of FIG. 2
  • 5 is a detailed description of the process of placing a heavy object in the vertical lifting method according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the process includes:
  • Step 501 The second stepping vehicle holds the lifting rope, the first stepping vehicle releases the lifting rope, and the second stepping vehicle moves in a second direction, the first stepping vehicle direction First direction movement;
  • the first direction is a direction close to the weight, that is, the left side in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3
  • the second direction is a direction away from the weight, that is, the right side in FIG. 2 or FIG.
  • control mechanism instructs the gripping member of the second stepping cart 3 to clamp the lift cord 2
  • gripping member of the first stepping cart 4 releases the lift cord 2
  • second The drive mechanism 7 drives the second stepping carriage 3 to move in a second direction
  • the first drive mechanism 8 drives the first stepping carriage 4 to move in a first direction.
  • Step 502 When the second stepping vehicle moves to an extreme position in the second direction, the first stepping vehicle clamps the lifting rope, and the second stepping vehicle releases the lifting rope.
  • the first stepping vehicle moves in a second direction, and the second stepping vehicle moves in a first direction;
  • control mechanism instructs the sensing component to detect the position of the stepping vehicle
  • the control mechanism instructs the clamping member of the first stepping carriage 4 to clamp the lifting cord 2, the clamping member of the second stepping carriage 3 releases the lifting cord 2, the first driving mechanism 8
  • the first stepping carriage 4 is driven to move in a second direction, and the second driving mechanism 7 drives the second stepping carriage 3 to move in a first direction.
  • Step 503 The first stepping car and the second stepping car alternately clamp the lifting rope to the second side Move to the position until the weight reaches the preset position;
  • the weight Since the weight has a gravitational acceleration when it is lowered or lifted, the two stepping vehicles are commanded by the control mechanism, and the heavy objects are alternately lowered or lifted, so that the lifting or lifting of the heavy objects is more orderly, and the weight is not lost due to the acceleration of gravity. Increase the security of the entire lifting system;
  • the first stepping carriage 4 and the second stepping carriage 3 can only perform linear reciprocating motion, so when one of the stepping carriages grips the lifting rope 2 to move, the other stepping vehicle needs to move in the opposite direction, The movement of the lifting cord 2 is held for the next time to reserve the stroke.
  • the vertical lifting device and method of the embodiment of the invention can conveniently adjust the upper and lower positions of the lifting rope by the mutual cooperation of the fixing frame and the sliding frame, and the space occupied by the fixing frame is small; and the lowering or lifting is performed by at least two stepping vehicles.
  • Heavy objects make the lifting or lifting of heavy objects orderly and fast, and will not lose control due to the acceleration of gravity, increasing the safety of the entire lifting system.

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Abstract

公开了一种垂直提升装置及方法，该垂直提升装置包括固定于地基的固定架（11），固定架（11）中间设有容置提升绳（2）通过的第一空腔（14）；固定架（11）上方设置有在固定架（11）上做水平移动的滑动架（10），滑动架（10）中间设有容置提升绳（2）通过的第二空腔（15）；滑动架（10）上设有至少两个交替下放或提升重物的步进车（4，3），各步进车在滑动架（10）上移动，各步进车之间间隔预设的距离；提升绳（2）依次穿过各步进车，各步进车设有夹持提升绳的夹持部件和驱动步进车在滑动架上移动的驱动机构（8，7）。

Description

一种垂直提升装置及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201710076913.5、申请日为2017年2月13日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及重物提升技术领域，具体涉及一种垂直提升装置及方法。
背景技术
矿井的开挖建设过程中，利用专门的钻井技术，一次性能打通整个井筒。但是，井筒内部作业空间有限，破碎岩石的设备以及辅助施工设备都要通过提升设备运到井筒内，并且有的设备需要提升设备的提升绳保持张力才能稳定作业；矿井内的矸石等废料需要抓斗抓取后，利用提升设备带离井筒。整个挖井过程是井上提升系统以及井筒内部施工系统这两大系统同步进行的过程，要相互协调，才能保证井下施工的有序进行。
现有的井筒内部施工系统已经发展为多元化系统，有多种类型的凿岩机。但是，井上提升系统一直采用井架加滑轮的结构形式。由于井架要避开井口，所以井架的支撑柱要设置在距井口外一定距离的地面、井架安装滑轮的天台要有一定高度，且还要在井架外设置绞车，会占用很大的地面及空间。而且，井架一旦搭建完成，提升设备的提升绳上下路线也固定，不能灵活调节，容易妨碍井筒内部施工设备的施工。特别是盲井施工时，由于盲井不直接连通地面、井上空间有限，井架的搭建受到空间的限定，更容易妨碍井筒内部施工设备的施工。
具体的盲井与提升系统的结构见图1，如图1所示，包括地面101、竖井102、巷道103、盲井104，所述盲井104上方为帽井105，帽井105内设有天轮106，所述提升绳从绞车107出发，经过转向滑轮108，绕过天轮106，连接重物109。绞车的安装也要避开主要物料通行的线路，保证不干涉设备的下运以及废料的上排。这些客观条件大大降低了井架在盲井施工中的适用性，使得井下挖井施工效率受到很大影响。因此，实际使用中，也有不使用井架，直接在盲井井壁固定滑轮，通过绞车下放钢丝绳下运设备或上排废料，但是由于设施简陋，不仅效率低、而且安全性差。
因此，井架占用空间大、提升绳上下路线不能调节，整个提升系统不够安全，是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例期望提供一种垂直提升装置及方法，减少装置占用的空间，能灵活调节提升绳上下路线，增加提升系统的安全性。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明实施例提供一种垂直提升装置，包括固定于地基的固定架，所述固定架中间设有容置提升绳通过的第一空腔；
所述固定架上方设置有在所述固定架上做水平移动的滑动架，所述滑动架中间设有容置所述提升绳通过的第二空腔；
所述滑动架上设有至少两个交替下放或提升重物的步进车，各步进车在所述滑动架上移动，各步进车之间间隔预设的距离；所述提升绳依次穿过各步进车，各步进车设有夹持所述提升绳的夹持部件和驱动步进车在所述滑动架移动的驱动机构。
上述方案中，所述驱动机构包括液压缸，各液压缸的活塞杆连接各步进车。
上述方案中，所述垂直提升装置还包括：控制所述驱动机构交替驱动 各步进车的控制机构，所述控制机构电连接所述驱动机构。
上述方案中，所述控制机构包括：检测各步进车位置的传感部件，所述传感部件设置在易于检测各步进车位置的预设位置，所述传感部件电连接所述控制机构。
上述方案中，所述固定架上设有供所述滑动架移动的第一滑轨，所述滑动架底部设有与所述第一滑轨匹配的第一滑轮；所述滑动架上设有供各步进车移动的第二滑轨，各步进车底部设有与所述第二滑轨匹配的第二滑轮。
上述方案中，所述垂直提升装置还包括：收拢所述提升绳的回卷盘，所述回卷盘设置在所述滑动架的上方或外侧，所述回卷盘能跟随所述提升绳的移动而转动。
上述方案中，所述垂直提升装置还包括改向滑轮，所述提升绳从各步进车进入所述改向滑轮底部、绕过所述改向滑轮后从所述改向滑轮上部伸出，并通过所述第一空腔和第二空腔连接下方的重物。
上述方案中，所述垂直提升装置还包括制动所述提升绳的制动机构，所述提升绳穿过所述制动机构，所述制动机构设置在各步进车和重物之间。
本发明实施例还提供一种垂直提升方法，所述方法包括：
第一步进车夹持提升绳，第二步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第一步进车向第一方向运动，所述第二步进车向第二方向运动；
当所述第一步进车运动到第一方向的极限位置时，所述第二步进车夹持所述提升绳，所述第一步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第二步进车向第一方向运动，所述第一步进车向第二方向运动；
所述第一步进车和第二步进车交替夹持所述提升绳向第一方向运动，直至重物到达预设位置。
上述方案中，所述第一步进车夹持提升绳，第二步进车松开所述提升 绳，所述第一步进车向第一方向运动，所述第二步进车向第二方向运动，包括：
依次指令第一步进车的夹持部件夹紧所述提升绳，第二步进车的夹持部件松开所述提升绳，第一驱动机构驱动所述第一步进车向第一方向运动，第二驱动机构驱动所述第二步进车向第二方向运动。
上述方案中，所述当所述第一步进车运动到第一方向的极限位置时，所述第二步进车夹持所述提升绳，所述第一步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第二步进车向第一方向运动，所述第一步进车向第二方向运动，包括：
指令传感部件检测步进车的位置；
当所述传感部件检测到所述第一步进车运动到第一方向的极限位置时，通知控制机构；
依次指令所述第二步进车的夹持部件夹紧所述提升绳，所述第一步进车的夹持部件松开所述提升绳，所述第二驱动机构驱动所述第二步进车向第一方向运动，所述第一驱动机构驱动所述第一步进车向第二方向运动。
上述方案中，所述第一步进车夹持提升绳，第二步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第一步进车向第一方向运动，所述第二步进车向第二方向运动之前，所述方法还包括：
调整滑动架在固定架的位置，使所述提升绳的位置调整到预设位置；
将所述第一步进车的初始位置调整为第二方向的极限位置；将所述第二步进车的初始位置调整为第一方向的极限位置。
本发明实施例提供的垂直提升装置及方法，包括固定于地基的固定架，所述固定架中间设有容置提升绳通过的第一空腔；所述固定架上方设置有在所述固定架上做水平移动的滑动架，所述滑动架中间设有容置所述提升绳通过的第二空腔；所述滑动架上设有至少两个交替下放或提升重物的步进车，各步进车在所述滑动架上移动，各步进车之间间隔预设的距离；所 述提升绳依次穿过各步进车，各步进车设有夹持所述提升绳的夹持部件和驱动步进车在所述滑动架移动的驱动机构；可见，本发明实施例的垂直提升装置及方法，通过固定架、滑动架的相互配合，能方便调节提升绳的上下位置，而且固定架高度方向占用空间小；通过至少两个步进车交替下放或提升重物，使重物的下放或提升有序、快速，不会因为重力加速度而失控，增加整个提升系统的安全性。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中盲井与提升系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例垂直提升装置的示意图；
图3为图2的俯视图的示意图；
图4为本发明实施例垂直提升方法中下放重物的流程示意图；
图5为本发明实施例垂直提升方法中提升重物的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供了一种垂直提升装置，包括固定于地基的固定架，所述固定架中间设有容置提升绳通过的第一空腔；所述固定架上方设置有在所述固定架上做水平移动的滑动架，所述滑动架中间设有容置所述提升绳通过的第二空腔；所述滑动架上设有至少两个交替下放或提升重物的步进车，各步进车在所述滑动架上移动，各步进车之间间隔预设的距离；所述提升绳依次穿过各步进车，各步进车设有夹持所述提升绳的夹持部件和驱动步进车在所述滑动架移动的驱动机构。
本发明实施例的原理是：通过固定架、滑动架的相互配合，能方便调节提升绳的上下位置，且固定架的高度低于固定架的长度或宽度，高度方向占用空间小；通过至少两个步进车交替下放或提升重物，使重物的下放或提升有序、快速，不会因为重力加速度而失控，增加整个提升系统的安 全性。
为了能够详尽地了解本发明实施例的特点与技术内容，下面对本发明实施例的一种垂直提升装置做详细的阐述。
具体地，所述固定架可以是矩形形状，也可以是圆形，但是一般高度低于长度或宽度，即扁平状，这样高度方向占用空间远小于井架，如果是盲井施工，则固定架的高度需低于巷道高度；
所述固定架一般固定于地面，底部设有固定的支撑脚，如果是盲井施工，则固定于盲井井口的巷道内；
进一步地，所述固定架的支撑脚可以在地面或盲井的巷道内移动，移动到合适位置后，可以锁定支撑脚，这样，可以更灵活的调整提升绳的上下路线；
所述支撑脚可以设有便于在地面移动的滚轮，也可以是其它结构，不作详述。
所述垂直提升装置可以设置两辆步进车，也可以设置多辆步进车，步进车数量越多，则垂直提升装置的提升速度越平稳，但是整个垂直提升装置的结构复杂、控制也容易出错；优选地是所述垂直提升装置设置两辆步进车；
各步进车设有夹持部件，夹持部件的动力可以是气压、液压和电机，不作详述；
所述夹持部件与所述提升绳接触的部位可以采用摩擦性能好、对提升绳磨损小的摩擦材料，具体的是以无机纤维为主、无金属型的摩擦材料，更具体地是无石棉有机物型摩擦材料(NAO，NO Asbestos Organic)，由于提升绳一般是钢丝绳，使用无金属型的摩擦材料对钢丝绳的磨损比较小，使提升绳的使用寿命更长。
所述垂直提升装置可以设置一根提升绳，也可以设置多根提升绳；当 设置多根提升绳时，各步进车需要相应的设置多个夹持部件或设置一个具有多个夹持爪的夹持部件，且所述多根提升绳之间需避免相互摩擦；
优选地，所述垂直提升装置可以设置两根提升绳，这样能平衡重物，结构简单，占用空间小。
具体地，所述驱动机构包括液压缸，各液压缸的活塞杆连接各步进车；由于各步进车的运动方式为水平往复移动，因此垂直提升装置采用液压缸作为驱动机构，具有结构简单、能耗低、使用可靠的优点。
进一步地，所述垂直提升装置还包括控制所述驱动机构交替驱动所述步进车的控制机构，所述控制机构电连接所述驱动机构；
这里，所述控制机构可以是单片机，也可以是可编程逻辑控制器(PLC，Programmable Logic Controller)。
具体地，所述控制机构包括检测各步进车位置的传感部件，所述传感部件设置在易于检测各步进车位置的预设位置，所述传感部件电连接所述控制机构；
这里，所述传感部件可以是行程开关，也可以是光电传感器。
具体地，所述固定架上设有供所述滑动架移动的第一滑轨，所述滑动架底部设有与所述第一滑轨匹配的第一滑轮；所述滑动架上设有供所述步进车移动的第二滑轨，所述步进车底部设有与所述第二滑轨匹配的第二滑轮。
滑轨和滑轮的结构有很多，故对上述第一滑轨、第一滑轮和第二滑轨、第二滑轮的结构不作限定。
进一步地，所述垂直提升装置还包括收拢所述提升绳的回卷盘，所述回卷盘设置在所述滑动架的上方或外侧，所述回卷盘能跟随所述提升绳的移动而转动；
这里，所述回卷盘可以是自身没有动力的，只能跟随所述提升绳的移 动而转动，也可以是自身设置动力的，如电机驱动等，能在控制机构的指令下，主动转动；具体地是控制机构检测到移动绳的移动方向后，发出相应指令，指令回卷盘的驱动机构驱动所述回卷盘转动；
由于各步进车的夹持部件在下放及提升时交替夹持，所述回卷盘，相比现有技术中绞车的卷筒，基本不受力，所以回卷盘本身及提升绳的磨损都大大降低，提高了使用寿命。
进一步地，所述垂直提升装置还包括改向滑轮，所述提升绳从所述步进车进入所述改向滑轮底部、绕过所述改向滑轮后从所述改向滑轮上部伸出，并通过所述第一空腔和第二空腔连接下方的重物；
通过改向滑轮，能避免提升绳在改向处的磨损，也能更好的确定提升绳上下的路线。
具体地，所述改向滑轮可以设置一个，也可以设置多个；优选地，垂直提升装置可以设置两个改向滑轮，两个改向滑轮间隔预设的距离；
更具体地，所述提升绳可以从第一个改向滑轮底部进入，经过所述第一个改向滑轮后再进入第二改向滑轮底部，绕过所述第二个改向滑轮后从所述第二个改向滑轮上部伸出，再进入所述第一个改向滑轮上部，并通过所述第一空腔和第二空腔连接下方的重物；
通过两个改向滑轮，能更好的改善单个改向滑轮的受力情况；
进一步地，为了避免水平方向的提升绳和垂直方向的提升绳相互摩擦，可以通过调整改向滑轮的位置，使水平方向的提升绳和垂直方向的提升绳相互错开；也可以在水平方向的提升绳和垂直方向的提升绳交叉处设置不会损伤提升绳的柔性隔离部件；
如果通过调整改向滑轮的位置，使水平方向的提升绳和垂直方向的提升绳相互错开的，则提升绳会绕开所述第一改向滑轮，直接从第二改向滑轮底部进入。
进一步地，所述垂直提升装置还包括制动所述提升绳的制动机构，所述提升绳穿过所述制动机构，所述制动机构设置在各步进车和重物之间；
虽然通过步进车的交替下放或提升，所述重物的下放速度一般不会失控，但是，为了避免因为步进车的夹持部件失效或提升绳脱离步进车等故障造成重物的下放或提升速度的失控，所述垂直提升装置设有制动机构；
由于提升装置的速度失控一般是由重物端的重力加速度引起的，因此将所述制动机构设置在各步进车和重物之间，这样便于快速制动；
本实施例中，所述制动机构可以设置在步进车和改向滑轮之间，即提升绳从步进车穿出后就进入制动机构，然后再进入改向滑轮；这样既便于制动机构的快速制动，也便于制动机构安装于滑动架上。
所述制动机构可以设置速度监控部件和制动部件，所述速度监控部件可以是速度传感器，所述制动部件可以是采用摩擦制动的原理；
本发明实施例中，各步进车的夹持部件在下放及提升时的夹持，也基本起到了现有技术中绞车制动部件的作用，再另行设置一独立的制动机构，大大提高了垂直提升装置的安全性。
所述制动机构的制动部件与所述提升绳接触的部位也可以采用所述步进车的夹持部件所采用的摩擦材料，优选地，所述制动机构的制动部件与所述提升绳接触的部位采用无石棉有机物型摩擦材料。
所述速度监控部件可以电连接所述制动机构，当所述速度监控部件监测到提升绳的速度失控时，会通知所述制动机构，由所述制动机构通知制动部件进行制动；
所述速度监控部件可以设置在提升绳运动轨迹上的任何一处；优选地，所述速度监控部件可以设置在最接近提升绳重物端的改向滑轮处，配置为监控垂直方向的提升绳的移动速度；由于提升绳不是完全刚性的，各处的速度不完全一致，只有最接近提升绳重物端，才能更好反映重物移动的速 度；在接近提升绳重物端的同时，又满足在改向滑轮处，则便于安装和与制动机构电连接。
实际应用中，所述速度监控部件可以电连接所述控制机构，当所述速度监控部件监测到提升绳的速度失控时，会通知所述控制机构，由所述控制机构通知制动机构进行制动，这样制动机构无需另外设置控制部件。
为了能够更加详尽地了解本发明实施例的特点与技术内容，下面结合附图以及具体的应用实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述，所附附图仅供参考说明之用，并非用来限定本发明实施例。
图2为本发明实施例垂直提升装置的示意图；图3为图2的俯视图的示意图；如图2、图3所示，一种垂直提升装置，包括固定架11、滑动架10、提升绳2、第一步进车4、第二步进车3、第一驱动机构8、第二驱动机构7；
所述固定架11为矩形形状，其四周设有支撑脚12，所述固定架11中间设有容置所述提升绳2通过的第一空腔14；所述固定架11通过支撑脚12固定在地面上，所述支撑脚12底部设有圆形滚轮和锁定装置，所述圆形滚轮可以在地面上移动，移动到合适位置就通过锁定装置锁定，固定架11就固定于地面；如果是盲井施工时，所述固定架固定于盲井井口的巷道内；
所述固定架11上方设置有所述滑动架10，所述滑动架10能在所述固定架11上做水平移动，所述滑动架10中间设有容置所述提升绳2通过的第二空腔15；
所述滑动架10上设置有所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3，所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3能在所述滑动架上移动，且相互之间间隔预设的距离；
本实施例中，所述垂直提升装置设有两根提升绳2，分别连接重物的两侧，所述提升绳2依次穿过所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3的两侧，穿 过所述第一空腔14和第二空腔15，进入井下，连接到重物(重物未在图中示出)的连接点13；所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3的两侧均设有夹持所述提升绳的夹持部件(未在图中示出)，所述夹持部件与所述提升绳2接触的部位采用无石棉有机物型摩擦材料；所述第一步进车4设有第一驱动机构8，所述第二步进车3设有第二驱动机构7。
其中，所述第一驱动机构8和第二驱动机构7均包括液压缸，所述第一驱动机构8的液压缸的活塞杆连接所述第一步进车4，所述第二驱动机构7的液压缸的活塞杆连接所述第二步进车3。
其中，所述垂直提升装置还包括控制所述驱动机构交替驱动所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3的控制机构，所述控制机构电连接所述第一驱动机构8和第二驱动机构7；所述控制机构为可编程逻辑控制器。
其中，所述控制机构包括检测所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3位置的传感部件(未在图中示出)，所述传感部件为行程开关。
其中，所述固定架11上设有供所述滑动架10移动的第一滑轨，所述滑动架10底部设有与所述第一滑轨匹配的第一滑轮。
所述滑动架10上设有供所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3移动的第二滑轨，所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3底部均设有与所述第二滑轨匹配的第二滑轮。
其中，所述垂直提升装置还包括收拢所述提升绳2的回卷盘1，所述回卷盘1设置在所述滑动架10的上方，所述回卷盘1能跟随所述提升绳2的移动而转动；
这里，所述回卷盘1设有驱动回卷盘1转动的第三驱动机构(未在图中示出)，所述控制机构检测到提升绳2的移动方向后，对所述第三驱动机构发出相应指令，所述第三驱动机构驱动所述回卷盘1转动。
其中，所述垂直提升装置还包括改向滑轮，即第一改向滑轮5和第二 改向滑轮6，两个改向滑轮间隔预设的距离；
为了避免水平方向的提升绳2和垂直方向的提升绳2相互摩擦，通过调整改向滑轮的位置，使水平方向的提升绳2和垂直方向的提升绳2相互错开；如图3所示，将第一改向滑轮5和第二改向滑轮6向所述滑动架10的外侧偏移一定距离，即可使水平方向的提升绳2和垂直方向的提升绳2相互错开。
其中，所述垂直提升装置还包括制动所述提升绳的制动机构9，所述提升绳2穿过所述制动机构9，所述制动机构9设置在第一步进车4和改向滑轮之间；
这里，所述制动机构9采用摩擦制动的原理，所述制动机构9在所述控制机构的指令下执行制动的动作；
所述制动机构的制动部件与所述提升绳2接触的部位采用无石棉有机物型摩擦材料，而提升绳2一般是钢丝绳，使用无石棉有机物型摩擦材料对提升绳2的磨损比较小。
其中，所述垂直提升装置还设有速度监控部件，所述速度监控部件电连接所述控制机构，当所述速度监控部件监测到提升绳2的速度失控时，会通知所述控制机构，由所述控制机构通知制动机构9进行制动；
所述速度监控部件设置在第一改向滑轮5处，配置为监控垂直方向的提升绳的移动速度。
本发明实施例还提供了一种垂直提升方法，由于涉及重物下放和重物提升，因此包括下放重物的流程和提升重物的流程两种流程，下面将分别介绍。
图4为本发明实施例垂直提升方法中下放重物的流程示意图，图2为本发明实施例垂直提升装置的示意图；图3为图2的俯视图的示意图；下面将结合图2至图4对本发明实施例垂直提升方法中下放重物的流程做详 细阐述，如图2至图4所示，所述流程包括：
步骤401：第一步进车夹持提升绳，第二步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第一步进车向第一方向运动，所述第二步进车向第二方向运动；
这里，所述第一方向为接近重物的方向，也就是图2或图3中的左方，所述第二方向为远离重物的方向，也就是图2或图3中的右方。
具体地，控制机构指令第一步进车4的夹持部件夹紧所述提升绳2，第二步进车3的夹持部件松开所述提升绳2，第一驱动机构8驱动所述第一步进车4向第一方向运动，第二驱动机构7驱动所述第二步进车3向第二方向运动。
步骤402：当所述第一步进车运动到第一方向的极限位置时，所述第二步进车夹持所述提升绳，所述第一步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第二步进车向第一方向运动，所述第一步进车向第二方向运动；
具体地，控制机构指令传感部件检测步进车的位置；
当所述传感部件检测到所述第一步进车4运动到第一方向的极限位置时，通知控制机构；
控制机构指令所述第二步进车3的夹持部件夹紧所述提升绳2，所述第一步进车4的夹持部件松开所述提升绳2，所述第二驱动机构7驱动所述第二步进车3向第一方向运动，所述第一驱动机构8驱动所述第一步进车4向第二方向运动。
步骤403：所述第一步进车和第二步进车交替夹持所述提升绳向第一方向运动，直至重物到达预设位置；
由于重物在下放或提升时会有重力加速度，因此通过控制机构指令两个步进车，交替下放或提升重物，使重物的下放或提升更有序，不会因为重力加速度而失控，增加整个提升系统的安全性；
所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3都只能做直线往复运动，因此在其 中一个步进车夹持提升绳2运动时，另一个步进车需要向相反方向运动，为下次夹持所述提升绳2运动预留行程。
图5为本发明实施例垂直提升方法中提升重物的流程示意图，图2为本发明实施例垂直提升装置的示意图；图3为图2的俯视图的示意图；，下面将结合图2、3、5对本发明实施例垂直提升方法中下放重物的流程做详细阐述，如图2、3、5所示，所述流程包括：
步骤501：所述第二步进车夹持提升绳，所述第一步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第二步进车向第二方向运动，所述第一步进车向第一方向运动；
这里，所述第一方向为接近重物的方向，也就是图2或图3中的左方，所述第二方向为远离重物的方向，也就是图2或图3中的右方。
具体地，控制机构指令所述第二步进车3的夹持部件夹紧所述提升绳2，所述第一步进车4的夹持部件松开所述提升绳2，所述第二驱动机构7驱动所述第二步进车3向第二方向运动，所述第一驱动机构8驱动所述第一步进车4向第一方向运动。
步骤502：当所述第二步进车运动到第二方向的极限位置时，所述第一步进车夹持所述提升绳，所述第二步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第一步进车向第二方向运动，所述第二步进车向第一方向运动；
具体地，控制机构指令传感部件检测步进车的位置；
当所述传感部件检测到所述第二步进车3运动到第二方向的极限位置时，通知控制机构；
控制机构指令所述第一步进车4的夹持部件夹紧所述提升绳2，所述第二步进车3的夹持部件松开所述提升绳2，所述第一驱动机构8驱动所述第一步进车4向第二方向运动，所述第二驱动机构7驱动所述第二步进车3向第一方向运动。
步骤503：所述第一步进车和第二步进车交替夹持所述提升绳向第二方 向运动，直至重物到达预设位置；
由于重物在下放或提升时会有重力加速度，因此通过控制机构指令两个步进车，交替下放或提升重物，使重物的下放或提升更有序，不会因为重力加速度而失控，增加整个提升系统的安全性；
所述第一步进车4和第二步进车3都只能做直线往复运动，因此在其中一个步进车夹持提升绳2运动时，另一个步进车需要向相反方向运动，为下次夹持所述提升绳2运动预留行程。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明实施例的垂直提升装置及方法，通过固定架、滑动架的相互配合，能方便调节提升绳的上下位置，而且固定架高度方向占用空间小；通过至少两个步进车交替下放或提升重物，使重物的下放或提升有序、快速，不会因为重力加速度而失控，增加整个提升系统的安全性。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种垂直提升装置，包括固定于地基的固定架，所述固定架中间设有容置提升绳通过的第一空腔；
    所述固定架上方设置有在所述固定架上做水平移动的滑动架，所述滑动架中间设有容置所述提升绳通过的第二空腔；
    所述滑动架上设有至少两个交替下放或提升重物的步进车，各步进车在所述滑动架上移动，各步进车之间间隔预设的距离；所述提升绳依次穿过各步进车，各步进车设有夹持所述提升绳的夹持部件和驱动步进车在所述滑动架移动的驱动机构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的垂直提升装置，其中，所述驱动机构包括液压缸，各液压缸的活塞杆连接各步进车。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的垂直提升装置，其中，所述垂直提升装置还包括：控制所述驱动机构交替驱动各步进车的控制机构，所述控制机构电连接所述驱动机构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的垂直提升装置，其中，所述控制机构包括：检测各步进车位置的传感部件，所述传感部件设置在易于检测各步进车位置的预设位置，所述传感部件电连接所述控制机构。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的垂直提升装置，其中，所述固定架上设有供所述滑动架移动的第一滑轨，所述滑动架底部设有与所述第一滑轨匹配的第一滑轮；所述滑动架上设有供各步进车移动的第二滑轨，各步进车底部设有与所述第二滑轨匹配的第二滑轮。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的垂直提升装置，其中，所述垂直提升装置还包括：收拢所述提升绳的回卷盘，所述回卷盘设置在所述滑动架的上方或外侧，所述回卷盘能跟随所述提升绳的移动而转动。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的垂直提升装置，其中，所述垂直提升 装置还包括改向滑轮，所述提升绳从各步进车进入所述改向滑轮底部、绕过所述改向滑轮后从所述改向滑轮上部伸出，并通过所述第一空腔和第二空腔连接下方的重物。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的垂直提升装置，其中，所述垂直提升装置还包括制动所述提升绳的制动机构，所述提升绳穿过所述制动机构，所述制动机构设置在各步进车和重物之间。
  9. 一种垂直提升方法，所述方法包括：
    第一步进车夹持提升绳，第二步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第一步进车向第一方向运动，所述第二步进车向第二方向运动；
    当所述第一步进车运动到第一方向的极限位置时，所述第二步进车夹持所述提升绳，所述第一步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第二步进车向第一方向运动，所述第一步进车向第二方向运动；
    所述第一步进车和第二步进车交替夹持所述提升绳向第一方向运动，直至重物到达预设位置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述第一步进车夹持提升绳，第二步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第一步进车向第一方向运动，所述第二步进车向第二方向运动，包括：
    依次指令第一步进车的夹持部件夹紧所述提升绳，第二步进车的夹持部件松开所述提升绳，第一驱动机构驱动所述第一步进车向第一方向运动，第二驱动机构驱动所述第二步进车向第二方向运动。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其中，所述当所述第一步进车运动到第一方向的极限位置时，所述第二步进车夹持所述提升绳，所述第一步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第二步进车向第一方向运动，所述第一步进车向第二方向运动，包括：
    指令传感部件检测步进车的位置；
    当所述传感部件检测到所述第一步进车运动到第一方向的极限位置时，通知控制机构；
    依次指令所述第二步进车的夹持部件夹紧所述提升绳，所述第一步进车的夹持部件松开所述提升绳，所述第二驱动机构驱动所述第二步进车向第一方向运动，所述第一驱动机构驱动所述第一步进车向第二方向运动。
  12. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其中，所述第一步进车夹持提升绳，第二步进车松开所述提升绳，所述第一步进车向第一方向运动，所述第二步进车向第二方向运动之前，所述方法还包括：
    调整滑动架在固定架的位置，使所述提升绳的位置调整到预设位置；
    将所述第一步进车的初始位置调整为第二方向的极限位置；将所述第二步进车的初始位置调整为第一方向的极限位置。
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