WO2018127098A1 - 自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具 - Google Patents

自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018127098A1
WO2018127098A1 PCT/CN2018/071396 CN2018071396W WO2018127098A1 WO 2018127098 A1 WO2018127098 A1 WO 2018127098A1 CN 2018071396 W CN2018071396 W CN 2018071396W WO 2018127098 A1 WO2018127098 A1 WO 2018127098A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unlocking
base
clamp sleeve
fixture
spring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/071396
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林海岩
李楠
丁习坤
田小涛
Original Assignee
上海蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 上海蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18736749.5A priority Critical patent/EP3566915B1/en
Priority to US16/475,889 priority patent/US11518226B2/en
Publication of WO2018127098A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018127098A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of new energy vehicles, and specifically provides an unlocking fixture for adaptively adjusting the position.
  • New energy vehicles have become a research hotspot in the automotive industry.
  • the chassis-type power-changing structure has become a hot research technology in the industry due to the replacement of the entire battery, short replacement time and easy automation. Due to the heavy weight of the chassis-replaceable power battery, multiple locking points are required to lock and unlock it. Usually, an automatic unlocking device is used to unlock multiple locking mechanisms at the same time, which is suitable for the unlocking fixture. Sexuality presents great challenges.
  • the unlocking jig and the service object thereof often require high processing precision, which inevitably increases the production cost.
  • the present invention provides an adaptive adjustment position fixing and unlocking jig, mainly It is used to unlock and unlock the power battery installed on the electric car.
  • the unlocking fixture includes: a clamp sleeve; and a base received in the clamp sleeve, and the base is further connected with a driving device; the clamp sleeve is in a process of driving the base to be close to the power battery It can float within a set range with respect to the base.
  • the base includes a first cylindrical section and a second cylindrical section, wherein the second cylindrical section is a prismatic section, and the prismatic section is provided with a clearance fit The manner is received in the first sliding section of the clamp sleeve.
  • the first sliding section corresponding to the first sleeve is sleeved with a first spring, and the first spring is further connected with the first cylindrical section, and the external force is In the case of removal, the first spring is capable of restoring the clamp sleeve to an initial position of the clamp sleeve relative to the base.
  • the unlocking jig further includes a first limiting mechanism, wherein the first limiting mechanism enables the driving device to move the base in a vertical direction
  • the clamp sleeve is capable of floating in a vertical direction relative to the base with the movement.
  • the first limiting mechanism includes: a first strip-shaped hole disposed in the prismatic section; and a first radial hole disposed in the first sliding section And a first connecting rod connected to the first strip hole and the first radial hole, respectively, and the first connecting rod is slidable within a length of the first strip hole So that the clamp sleeve can float relative to the base over the length of the aperture of the first strip aperture.
  • the unlocking jig further includes a second limiting mechanism, the second limiting mechanism being received in the second sliding section of the clamp sleeve, and at the driving device In the process of moving the base in the vertical direction, the second limiting mechanism can jack up the screw of the locking device of the power battery corresponding to the unlocking fixture.
  • the top of the clamp sleeve is provided with a connecting structure that can be mated with the screw of the locking device of the power battery.
  • the second limiting mechanism includes: a push rod received in the second sliding section, and the push rod is slidable along an axial direction of the clamp sleeve; a second strip-shaped hole disposed in the push rod; a second radial hole disposed on the second sliding section; and a second connecting rod, the second strip-shaped hole and the second strip Two radial holes are respectively connected, and the second connecting rod is slidable within a length of the second strip hole to enable the clamp sleeve to be in the second strip relative to the push rod
  • the hole of the shaped hole floats within the length of the hole.
  • the push rod is sleeved with a second spring, and in the case of external force removal, the second spring can restore the push rod to the clamp sleeve. initial position.
  • the second spring is axially disposed between the push rod and the second connecting rod, and in the case where the external force is removed, the second connecting rod can be abutted
  • the second strip-shaped aperture is adjacent to the end of the base.
  • the clamp sleeve and the base adopt a clearance fit, and the clamp sleeve can be slid up and down relative to the base by providing a first spring between the clamp sleeve and the base.
  • the horizontal floating so that the clamp sleeve and the locking device of the power battery have a certain position error can also be matched; when the clamp sleeve is disengaged from the locking device of the power battery, the clamp sleeve can be used in the first spring Restore to the original position. Therefore, the unlocking jig of the present invention can smoothly unlock the power battery by the automatic unlocking device without requiring high processing and installation precision.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic assembled perspective view of an adaptive adjustment position unlocking jig of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a first cross-sectional view of the adaptively adjusted position unlocking jig of the present invention in an assembled state
  • Figure 3 is a second cross-sectional view of the adaptively adjusted position unlocking jig of the present invention in an assembled state
  • 4 is a schematic diagram of matching when the unlocking fixture of the adaptive adjustment position of the present invention unlocks the locking device of the power battery;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the unlocking fixture of the adaptive adjustment position of the present invention before locking the locking device of the power battery;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the process of locking the locking device of the power battery in the adaptive adjustment position of the unlocking fixture of the present invention.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed connections, for example, or It is a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the adaptive adjustment position unlocking fixture of the present invention is mainly used for unlocking a chassis type power battery installed on an electric vehicle chassis or an electric vehicle power station, in particular, unlocking a fixedly installed power battery, and the invention
  • the addition of the unlocking fixture has significant advantages over existing unlocking devices. details as follows:
  • the adaptive adjustment position unlocking jig of the present invention mainly comprises a clamp sleeve 1, a first spring 2, a base 3 and a spring push core.
  • the clamp sleeve 1 is provided with a first radial hole 11, a second radial hole 12 and a connecting structure 13.
  • the base 3 includes a first cylindrical section and a second cylindrical section.
  • the first cylindrical section may be the cylindrical section 31 of the lower section in FIG. 1
  • the second cylindrical section may be the prismatic section of the upper section in FIG. (taking a square column (quadrilateral prism) segment 32 as an example).
  • the first column-shaped hole 321 is provided with a first strip-shaped hole 321 through which the first connecting rod 4 mounted therein can be moved up and down relative to the base 3 in the length direction of the hole.
  • the spring pusher mainly comprises a push rod 5, a second spring 6 and a second connecting rod 7.
  • the push rod 5 is provided with a second strip-shaped hole 51 through which the second connecting rod 7 mounted therein can be moved up and down with respect to the push rod 5 in the length direction.
  • the second spring 6 is disposed between the push rod 5 and the second connecting rod 7, and normally the second connecting rod 7 is pushed by the second spring 6 to the lowermost end of the second strip hole 51.
  • the first connecting rod 4 is also mounted into the first radial hole 11, and when the clamp sleeve 1 and the base 3 are connected by the first connecting rod 4, the clamp sleeve 1 can follow the first
  • the sliding of the connecting rod 4 along the hole length direction of the first strip hole 321 is slid up and down relative to the base 3, and the opening size of the first strip hole 321 in the vertical direction can limit the relative sliding distance between the clamp sleeve 1 and the base 3.
  • the length of the first radial hole 11, the first strip hole 321 and the first connecting rod 4 together constitute the first limiting mechanism described in the claims.
  • the clamp sleeve 1 and the base 3 preferably have a clearance fit in the radial direction, in particular, the square cylindrical section 32 is nested into the first sliding section (the square hole 14 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) on the clamp sleeve 1.
  • the gap fit is used to make the clamp sleeve 1 float relative to the base 3 within a set range (mainly the float of the clamp sleeve 1 relative to the base 3 in the horizontal direction), and the size of the floating range is mainly caused by the gap. The size of the decision.
  • the cross section of the prismatic section is not a strictly polygonal shape, and may be any other form of non-cylindrical section other than the prismatic structure in a geometric sense.
  • a D-shaped column segment, an elliptical column segment, a spline shaft column segment, and the like may be any other form of non-cylindrical section other than the prismatic structure in a geometric sense.
  • a D-shaped column segment, an elliptical column segment, a spline shaft column segment, and the like a D-shaped column segment, an elliptical column segment, a spline shaft column segment, and the like.
  • the square hole 14 accommodating the second cylindrical segment also needs to be changed correspondingly, so that in the assembled state, the base 1 can drive the clamp sleeve 1 to rotate. .
  • first spring 2 is disposed between the clamp sleeve 1 and the base 3 along the axial direction of the clamp sleeve 1, and the upper end of the first spring 2 abuts against a shoulder (not shown) provided on the clamp sleeve 1, The lower end of a spring 2 abuts against the upper surface of the cylindrical section 31, so that the clamp sleeve 1 can be restored to its initial position relative to the base 3 when no external force is applied, that is, the clamp sleeve 1 is coaxial with the cylindrical section 31 or Close to the coaxial position.
  • the spring pusher core is mounted in the second sliding section (shown as a circular hole 15 in FIGS. 2 and 3) on the clamp sleeve 1, specifically, the second connecting rod 7 is also mounted to In the second radial hole 12, when the clamp sleeve 1 and the spring push core are connected by the second connecting rod 7, the clamp sleeve 1 can slide relative to the second connecting rod 7 along the length of the second strip hole 51. Slide up and down on the push rod 5.
  • the size of the opening of the second strip hole 51 in the vertical direction can limit the length of the relative sliding distance of the clamp sleeve 1 and the push rod 5, and thus the second radial hole 12, the second strip hole 51 and the second connecting rod 7 Together form the second limit mechanism described in the claims.
  • the locking device 9 mainly comprises a liner 91 and a third spring 92 disposed therein, a screw 93, a nut 94 and a retaining ring 95 disposed at the bottom end of the liner 91.
  • the liner 91 is fixedly connected to the power battery, the screw 93 passes through the liner 91 in the axial direction, the third spring 92 and the nut 94 are sleeved on the screw 93, and the nut 94 is under the action of the third spring 92 and the retaining ring The upper end of 95 abuts.
  • the upper portion of the screw 93 is provided with a thread so that the screw 93 can be connected to the locking plate 8 provided on the electric vehicle or the electric vehicle substation by the screw; the lower portion of the screw 93 is provided with external splines, and the screw 93
  • the lower-phase mating nut 94 is provided with a spline hole so that the screw 93 and the nut 94 can be fitted by splines. Further, the spline engagement between the screw 93 and the nut 94 employs a clearance fit so that the nut 94 can freely slide in the axial direction of the screw 93.
  • the length, width and height of the external splines on the screw 93 can be set as needed, such as 9-tooth spline, 11-tooth spline and 13-tooth spline, etc.; or those skilled in the art
  • the screw 93 and the nut 94 can be connected by a connection other than the spline, as long as the nut 94 can drive the screw 93 to rotate, and the nut 94 can be freely slid in the axial direction of the screw 93.
  • the outer surface of the nut 94 is provided with a connected structure (not shown) that matches the connecting structure 13 on the clamp sleeve 1.
  • the connected structure is a groove
  • the connecting structure 13 is a convex structure.
  • the person skilled in the art can also make appropriate adjustments as needed to enable the nut 94 and the clamp sleeve 1 to be mated by the connection structure 13 and the connected structure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the nut 94 and the clamp sleeve 1 are radially matched to each other so that the nut 94 and the clamp sleeve 1 can be smoothly connected and disengaged.
  • the unlocking jig of the present invention is mounted on a power-changing trolley (or a power-changing device such as a power-changing robot) to realize an unlocking action on the power battery. Further, in the specific implementation, the unlocking jig corresponding to the locking device 9 on the power battery is disposed on the power changing trolley.
  • the electric vehicle When the power battery is removed from the electric vehicle or the power station, first, the electric vehicle will drive to the power exchange position below the power battery. Then, all the unlocking jigs on the changing trolley are lifted at the same time until the connecting structure 13 of the clamp sleeve 1 is inserted into the nut 94. Finally, the driving device (for example, a servo motor) connected to the connecting hole 33 of the base 3 drives the base 3 to rotate, and then the rotation of the clamp sleeve 1 is rotated by the cooperation between the square hole 14 and the square cylindrical portion 32, and the nut is further driven. 94 Screw the screw 93 until the screw 93 is disengaged from the locking plate 8.
  • the driving device for example, a servo motor
  • the electric car When the power battery is installed on an electric car or a power station, first, the electric car will drive to the power-changing position below the power battery. Then, all the unlocking jigs on the electric trolley and the power battery are lifted at the same time until the connecting structure 13 of the clamp sleeve 1 is inserted into the nut 94. Finally, the driving device 3 is rotated by the driving device connected to the connecting hole 33 of the base 3, and then the clamp sleeve 1 is rotated by the first connecting rod 4, and the nut 94 is further driven to screw the screw 93 until the screw 93 and the locking plate 8 are rotated. When tightened to a preset torque, the drive stops rotating.
  • the screw 93 is lowered by its own gravity until the flange 931 thereon abuts against the nut 94, so that the screw 93 is The lower end will extend a distance from the lower end of the nut 94, so that the connecting structure 13 in the clamp sleeve 1 cannot be mated with the nut 94.
  • the screw 93 is first pushed up by the spring pushing core, so that the connecting structure 13 in the jig cover 1 can be in contact with the nut 94.
  • the push rod 5 is pushed up by the second spring 7 in the spring pusher core, and the screw 93 is pushed upward to smoothly connect the connecting structure 13 in the clamp sleeve 1 with the nut 94.
  • the push rod 5 pushes the screw 93 by the spring force of the second spring 7 to directly push the screw 93 relative to the push rod 5, and can effectively reduce the impact of the screw 93 in contact with the locking plate 8. .
  • the power exchange trolley is used to change the power battery even if the clamp sleeve There is a small amount of positional error between the 1 and the nut 94, and the connection can be made, thereby effectively reducing the machining accuracy and mounting accuracy of the unlocking device on the power battery.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于新能源汽车领域，具体提供一种自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具。本发明旨在解决现有用于动力电池的自动化解锁设备加工精度高和因此导致的加工困难的问题。本发明的加解锁夹具包括：夹具套、套入该夹具套内的底座和设置在夹具套和底座之间的第一弹簧，夹具套和底座之间在采用间隙配合，并且夹具套能够相对于底座做竖直方向的上下运动，使得夹具套在与动力电池的锁紧装置配合时即便存在一定的位置误差也能够进行匹配，在夹具套与动力电池的锁紧装置脱离配合时，夹具套能够在第一弹簧的作用下恢复到初始位置。因此，本发明的加解锁夹具不需要很高的加工、安装精度就可使自动化解锁设备对动力电池进行顺利解锁。

Description

自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具 技术领域
本发明属于新能源汽车领域，具体提供一种自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具。
背景技术
新能源汽车已经成为汽车行业的研究热点，底盘式换电结构，由于采用整块电池更换，具有更换时间短、便于自动化操作等特点越来越成为行业研究的热点技术。由于底盘换电式动力电池的重量较大，需要多个锁止点对其进行锁定和解锁，通常采用一套自动化解锁设备同时对多个锁止机构进行解锁，这就对加解锁夹具的适应性提出了极大挑战。
目前，为了满足一套自动化解锁设备能够同时对多个锁止机构进行解锁，加解锁夹具以及其服务对象往往需要很高的加工精度，无形中提高了生产成本。
相应地，本领域需要一种新的动力电池的加解锁夹具来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有用于动力电池的自动化解锁设备加工精度高和因此导致的加工困难的问题，本发明提供了一种自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，主要用于对安装在电动汽车上的动力电池进行加解锁。该加解锁夹具包括：夹具套；以及底座，其容纳于所述夹具套，且所述底座还连接有驱动装置；在驱动装置驱动所述底座靠近所述动力电池的过程中，所述夹具套能够相对于所述底座在设定的范围内浮动。
在上述加解锁夹具的优选技术方案中，所述底座包括第一柱形段和第二柱形段，其中，所述第二柱形段为棱柱形段，且该棱柱形段以间隙配合的方式容纳于所述夹具套的第一滑动段内。
在上述加解锁夹具的优选技术方案中，所述第一滑动段对应的所述夹具套上套设有第一弹簧，且该第一弹簧还与所述第一柱形段相连接，在外力去除的情形下，所述第一弹簧能够使所述夹具套恢复到所述夹具套相对于所述底座的初始位置。
在上述加解锁夹具的优选技术方案中，所述加解锁夹具还包括第一限位机构，在所述驱动装置使所述底座沿竖直方向移动的过程中，所述第一限位机构使所述夹具套能够随着该移动相对所述底座在竖直方向上浮动。
在上述加解锁夹具的优选技术方案中，所述第一限位机构包括：第一条形孔，其设置于所述棱柱形段；第一径向孔，其设置于所述第一滑动段；以及第一连接杆，其与所述第一条形孔和所述第一径向孔分别相连接，并且所述第一连接杆能够在所述第一条形孔的孔长范围内滑动，以使所述夹具套能够相对于所述底座在所述第一条形孔的该孔长范围内浮动。
在上述加解锁夹具的优选技术方案中，所述加解锁夹具还包括第二限位机构，该第二限位机构容纳于所述夹具套的第二滑动段，并且在所述驱动装置使所述底座在竖直方向上移动的过程中，该第二限位机构能够将与所述加解锁夹具对应的所述动力电池的锁紧装置的螺杆顶起。
在上述加解锁夹具的优选技术方案中，所述夹具套的顶部设置有连接结构，所述连接结构能够与所述动力电池的锁紧装置的螺杆匹配对接。
在上述加解锁夹具的优选技术方案中，所述第二限位机构包括：推杆，其容纳于所述第二滑动段内，且所述推杆能够沿所述夹具套的轴线方向滑动；第二条形孔，其设置于所述推杆；第二径向孔，其设置于所述第二滑动段上；以及第二连接杆，其与所述第二条形孔和所述第二径向孔分别相连接，并且所述第二连接杆能够在所述第二条形孔的孔长范围内滑动，以使所述夹具套能够相对于所述推杆在所述第二条形孔的孔长范围内浮动。
在上述加解锁夹具的优选技术方案中，所述推杆上套设有第二弹簧，在外力去除的情形下，所述第二弹簧能够使所述推杆恢复到相对于所述夹具套的初始位置。
上述加解锁夹具的优选技术方案中，所述第二弹簧沿轴向设置于所述推杆和所述第二连接杆之间，并且在外力去除的情形下，所述第二连接杆能够抵靠至所述第二条形孔靠近所述底座的端部。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，在本发明的优选技术方案中，夹具套和底座采用间隙配合，并且通过在夹具套和底座之间设置第一弹簧，使得夹具套能够相对于底座做上下滑动和水平浮动，进而使得夹具套与动力电池的锁紧装置配合时存在一定的位置误差也能够进行匹配；当夹具套与动力电池的锁紧装置脱离配合时，夹具套能够在第一弹簧的作用下恢复到初始位置。因此，本发明的加解锁夹具不需要很高的加工、安装精度就可使自动化解锁设备对动力电池进行顺利解锁。
附图说明
图1是本发明的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具的示意性组装立体图；
图2是本发明的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具在组装状态下的第一剖视图；
图3是本发明的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具在组装状态下的第二剖视图；
图4是本发明的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具对动力电池的锁紧装置进行解锁时的匹配示意图；
图5是本发明的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具对动力电池的锁紧装置加锁前的示意图；
图6是本发明的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具对动力电池的锁紧装置加锁过程中的示意图。
附图标记列表
1、夹具套；11、第一径向孔；12、第二径向孔；13、连接结构；14、方形孔；15、圆形孔；2、第一弹簧；3、底座；31、圆柱形段；32、方柱形段；321、第一条形孔；33、连接孔；4、第一连接杆；5、推杆；51、第二条形孔；6、第二弹簧；7、第二连接杆；8、锁紧板；9、锁紧装置；91、衬筒；92、第三弹簧；93、螺杆；931、凸缘；94、螺母；95、挡圈。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，虽然附图中的各部件之间是按一定比例关系绘制的，但是这种比例关系并非一成不变，本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具主要用于对安装在电动汽车底盘或者电动汽车换电站上的底盘式动力电池进行加解锁，尤其是对于已固定安装好的动力电池进行解锁，本发明的加解锁夹具相对于现有的加解锁装置具有明显的优势。具体如下：
如图1所示，本发明的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具主要包括夹具套1、第一弹簧2、底座3和弹簧推芯。夹具套1上设置有第一径向孔11、第二径向孔12和连接结构13。底座3包括第一柱形段和第二柱形段，如第一柱形段可以是图1中处于下段的圆柱形段31，第二柱形段可以是图1中处于上段的棱柱形段(以方柱(四棱柱)形段32为例)。其中，方柱形段32上设置有第一条形孔321，通过第一条形孔321能够使安装到其内的第一连接杆4在孔长方向相对于底座3做上下运动。弹簧推芯主要包括推杆5、第二弹簧6和第二连接杆7。推杆5上设置有第二条形孔51，通过第二条形孔51能够使安装到其内的第二连接杆7在孔 长方向相对于推杆5做上下运动。进一步，第二弹簧6设置在推杆5与第二连接杆7之间，并且常态下第二连接杆7被第二弹簧6推至第二条形孔51的最下端。
如图2和图3所示，第一连接杆4还安装至第一径向孔11内，并且当夹具套1与底座3通过第一连接杆4连接时，夹具套1能够随着第一连接杆4沿第一条形孔321的孔长方向的滑动相对于底座3做上下滑动，第一条形孔321沿竖直方向的开孔大小能够限制夹具套1与底座3的相对滑动距离的长短，因此第一径向孔11、第一条形孔321和第一连接杆4共同组成了权利要求书中所述的第一限位机构。夹具套1与底座3优选地在径向上采用间隙配合，具体地，将方柱形段32套入夹具套1上的第一滑动段(图2和图3中所示为方形孔14)内，两者之间采用间隙配合，使得夹具套1能够相对于底座3在设定的范围内浮动(主要是夹具套1相对于底座3在水平方向上的浮动)，浮动范围的大小主要由间隙的大小决定。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，棱柱形段的横截面并非为严格的多边形，除了几何意义上的棱柱结构，还可以是其他任意形式的非圆柱形段。例如，D形柱段、椭圆形柱段、花键轴式柱段等。需要说明的是，随着第二柱形段形状的改变，容纳第二柱形段的方形孔14也需要做出相应的改变，以便在组装好的状态下，底座1能够带动夹具套1转动。进一步，第一弹簧2沿夹具套1的轴线方向设置在夹具套1和底座3之间，第一弹簧2的上端与设置在夹具套1上的轴肩(图中未标示)相抵靠，第一弹簧2的下端与圆柱形段31的上表面相抵靠，进而使得夹具套1在没有外力作用时能够恢复到其相对于底座3的初始位置，即夹具套1与圆柱形段31同轴或接近同轴的位置。
继续参阅图2和图3，弹簧推芯安装于夹具套1上的第二滑动段(图2和图3中所示为圆形孔15)内，具体地，第二连接杆7还安装至第二径向孔12内，当夹具套1与弹簧推芯通过第二连接杆7连接时，夹具套1能够随着第二连接杆7沿第二条形孔51的孔长方向的滑动相对于推杆5做上下滑动。第二条形孔51沿竖直方向的开孔大小能够限制夹具套1与推杆5的相对滑动距离的长短，因此第二径向孔12、第二条形孔51和第二连接杆7共同组成了权利要求书中所述的第二限位机构。
如图4所示，该图示出了本发明的加解锁夹具对动力电池的锁紧装置9进行解锁时的连接状态。需要说明的是，锁紧装置9主要包 括：衬筒91和设置在其内的第三弹簧92、螺杆93、螺母94以及与设置在衬筒91底端的挡圈95。其中的衬筒91与动力电池固定连接，螺杆93沿轴向穿过衬筒91，第三弹簧92和螺母94均套在螺杆93上，并且螺母94在第三弹簧92的作用下与挡圈95的上端相抵靠。
进一步，螺杆93的上段设置有螺纹，使得螺杆93能够通过该螺纹与设置在电动汽车或电动汽车换电站上的锁紧板8进行连接；螺杆93的下段设置有外花键，并且与螺杆93下段相配合的螺母94上设置有花键孔，使得螺杆93和螺母94能够通过花键进行配合。更进一步，螺杆93与螺母94之间的花键配合采用间隙配合，以便螺母94能够沿螺杆93的轴线方向自由滑动。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，螺杆93上外花键的长短、宽度、高度可根据需要进行设置，例如9齿花键、11齿花键和13齿花键等；或者本领域技术人员也可以通过除花键之外的其他连接方式将螺杆93与螺母94进行连接，只要使螺母94能够驱动螺杆93旋转，并且保证螺母94能够沿螺杆93的轴线方向自由滑动即可。
更进一步，螺母94的外表面设置有与夹具套1上连接结构13相匹配的被连接结构(图中未示出)，具体地，该被连接结构为凹槽，连接结构13为凸起结构，或者本领域技术人员也可以根据需要进行适当调整，以便使螺母94和夹具套1能够通过连接结构13和被连接结构进行匹配连接。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，螺母94与夹具套1在径向上为间隙配合，以便螺母94和夹具套1能够顺利连接、脱离。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，本发明的加解锁夹具是安装到动力电池的换电小车(或者换电机器人等换电设备)上来实现对动力电池的加解锁动作的。进一步，在具体实施时，换电小车上需设置与动力电池上锁紧装置9对应的加解锁夹具。
下面结合图4对本发明的加解锁夹具的工作原理进行简要说明。
动力电池被从电动汽车或换电站内取下时，首先，换电小车会行驶至动力电池下方的换电位置。然后，换电小车上的所有加解锁夹具被同时举升，直至夹具套1的连接结构13套入螺母94。最后，通过与底座3上连接孔33连接的驱动装置(例如，伺服电机)驱动底座3旋转，进而通过方形孔14和方柱形段32之间的配合带动夹具套1旋转，并进一步带动螺母94拧动螺杆93，直至螺杆93与锁紧板8相脱离。
动力电池被安装到电动汽车或换电站上时，首先，换电小车会行驶至动力电池下方的换电位置。然后，换电小车上的所有加解锁夹具以及动力电池被同时举升，直至夹具套1的连接结构13套入螺母94。最后，通过与底座3上连接孔33连接的驱动装置驱动底座3旋转，进而通过第一连接杆4带动夹具套1旋转，并进一步带动螺母94拧动螺杆93，直至螺杆93与锁紧板8之间拧紧至预设的扭矩时，驱动装置停止旋转。
如图5所示，在动力电池没有安装到电动汽车或换电站上时，螺杆93在自身重力的作用下会下降，直至其上的凸缘931抵靠在螺母94上为止，使得螺杆93的下端会伸出螺母94的下端一段距离，进而使得夹具套1内的连接结构13不能与螺母94进行匹配连接。
如图6所示，在加解锁夹具对动力电池进行锁定时，先通过弹簧推芯将螺杆93向上推动，进而使夹具套1内的连接结构13能够与螺母94接触。具体地，通过弹簧推芯中的第二弹簧7向上推动推杆5，进而向上推动螺杆93，使夹具套1内的连接结构13与螺母94顺利连接。在本发明的优选实施方案中，推杆5通过第二弹簧7的弹簧力推动螺杆93相对于推杆5直接推动螺杆93而言，能够有效地降低螺杆93与锁紧板8接触时的撞击。
本领域技术人员还能够理解的是，在本发明的优选实施方案中，由于夹具套1与底座3之间采用径向间隙配合，使得换电小车在对动力电池进行换电时，即使夹具套1与螺母94之间有少量的位置误差也能进行连接配合，进而能够有效地降低动力电池上的加解锁装置的加工精度以及安装精度。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，用于对安装在电动汽车上的动力电池进行加解锁，其特征在于，所述加解锁夹具包括：
    夹具套；以及
    底座，其容纳于所述夹具套，且所述底座还连接有驱动装置；
    在驱动装置驱动所述底座靠近所述动力电池的过程中，所述夹具套能够相对于所述底座在设定的范围内浮动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，其特征在于，所述底座包括第一柱形段和第二柱形段，
    其中，所述第二柱形段为棱柱形段，且该棱柱形段以间隙配合的方式容纳于所述夹具套的第一滑动段内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，其特征在于，所述第一滑动段对应的所述夹具套上套设有第一弹簧，且该第一弹簧还与所述第一柱形段相连接，在外力去除的情形下，所述第一弹簧能够使所述夹具套恢复到所述夹具套相对于所述底座的初始位置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，其特征在于，所述加解锁夹具还包括第一限位机构，在所述驱动装置使所述底座沿竖直方向移动的过程中，所述第一限位机构使所述夹具套能够随着该移动相对所述底座在竖直方向上浮动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，其特征在于，所述第一限位机构包括：
    第一条形孔，其设置于所述棱柱形段；
    第一径向孔，其设置于所述第一滑动段；以及
    第一连接杆，其与所述第一条形孔和所述第一径向孔分别相连接，并且所述第一连接杆能够在所述第一条形孔的孔长范围内滑动，以使所述夹具套能够相对于所述底座在所述第一条形孔的该孔长范围内浮动。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，其特征在于，所述加解锁夹具还包括第二限位机构，该第二限位机构容纳于所述夹具套的第二滑动段，并且
    在所述驱动装置使所述底座在竖直方向上移动的过程中，该第二限位机构能够将与所述加解锁夹具对应的所述动力电池的锁紧装置的螺杆顶起。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，其特征在于，所述夹具套的顶部设置有连接结构，所述连接结构能够与所述动力电池的锁紧装置的螺杆匹配对接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，其特征在于，所述第二限位机构包括：
    推杆，其容纳于所述第二滑动段内，且所述推杆能够沿所述夹具套的轴线方向滑动；
    第二条形孔，其设置于所述推杆；
    第二径向孔，其设置于所述第二滑动段上；以及
    第二连接杆，其与所述第二条形孔和所述第二径向孔分别相连接，并且所述第二连接杆能够在所述第二条形孔的孔长范围内滑动，以使所述夹具套能够相对于所述推杆在所述第二条形孔的孔长范围内浮动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，其特征在于，所述推杆上套设有第二弹簧，在外力去除的情形下，所述第二弹簧能够使所述推杆恢复到相对于所述夹具套的初始位置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的自适应调整位置的加解锁夹具，其特征在于，所述第二弹簧沿轴向设置于所述推杆和所述第二连接杆之间，并且
    在外力去除的情形下，所述第二连接杆能够抵靠至所述第二条形孔靠近所述底座的端部。
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