WO2018092708A1 - Feuille d'élément piézoélectrique et procédé permettant de fabriquer cette dernière - Google Patents
Feuille d'élément piézoélectrique et procédé permettant de fabriquer cette dernière Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018092708A1 WO2018092708A1 PCT/JP2017/040713 JP2017040713W WO2018092708A1 WO 2018092708 A1 WO2018092708 A1 WO 2018092708A1 JP 2017040713 W JP2017040713 W JP 2017040713W WO 2018092708 A1 WO2018092708 A1 WO 2018092708A1
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- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric element
- element sheet
- woven
- woven fabric
- matrix resin
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/04—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning
- H10N30/045—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning by polarising
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piezoelectric element sheet having a high charge and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a piezoelectric element is an element that exhibits a piezoelectric effect by converting a force applied to a piezoelectric body into a voltage, or converting a voltage into a force.
- an oscillation circuit and a filter circuit are also used. It is used.
- piezoelectric ceramics such as perovskite compounds have been used as piezoelectric materials for such piezoelectric bodies, but recently, porous organic piezoelectric materials using porous organic materials with excellent moldability have been studied.
- EMFIT Finland provides a piezoelectric element sheet using a porous polypropylene material. This sheet has a structure in which independent pores are uniformly distributed throughout the sheet.
- Patent Documents 1 to 7 propose porous electret elements.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-267906 discloses a porous electret in which charges are injected into an organic polymer porous material obtained by stretching an organic polymer foam.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-089494 discloses an electret film obtained by subjecting a laminated film comprising a core layer made of a biaxially stretched resin film and a surface stretched film on at least one surface to a high voltage discharge treatment. Yes.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-164735 discloses a piezoelectric element obtained by piezoelectrically processing a laminate of a porous fluororesin film and a non-porous fluororesin thin film.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-093313 discloses an electret sheet in which charges are injected into a laminated sheet composed of a foamed olefin resin and a surface layer.
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-072355 discloses a piezoelectric element comprising a porous substrate (nonwoven fabric or stretched film) and a surface layer (film-like) and having internally charged pores.
- Patent Document 7 discloses a piezoelectric laminate including a glass nonwoven fabric layer and a surface PFA layer.
- Patent Documents 8 to 13 propose a composite material piezoelectric element composed of an inorganic material and a resin component.
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-295678 discloses a piezoelectric film obtained by charging a rolled film of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE and dielectric powder).
- 2004-339008 discloses a self-supporting porous sheet for forming a piezoelectric element made of an inorganic substance and a thermoplastic resin.
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-084735
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-216661 discloses a layer separation structure composed of ceramic particles, a resin, and a phase separation agent.
- a porous sheet for a piezoelectric element is disclosed, which is prepared by extracting a phase separation agent after charging a resin sheet and charging internal bubbles, which is disclosed in Patent Document 12 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-075945).
- An electret sheet is disclosed which is charged by injecting a charge into a synthetic resin sheet composed of a synthetic resin and hollow silica particles, and Patent Document 13 (WO2015 / 005420) includes an organic nonwoven fabric and an inorganic filler.
- a piezoelectric sheet is disclosed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric element sheet that exhibits a high piezoelectric constant, retains a charged charge for a long time, and retains a high piezoelectric rate, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [9], for example.
- a piezoelectric element sheet made of a matrix resin dispersion of an insulating woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric, A piezoelectric element sheet characterized by holding an electric charge.
- the insulating woven or non-woven fabric is composed of resin fibers selected from polyamide resins, aromatic polyamide resins, polyolefin resins, polyester resins, polyacrylonitrile, phenol resins, fluorine resins, and imide resins.
- the piezoelectric element sheet according to [1], wherein the insulating woven or non-woven fabric is composed of fibers made of glass and / or ceramics.
- the insulating woven fabric or nonwoven fabric is composed of fibers made of glass, The piezoelectric element sheet according to [4], wherein the matrix resin is made of a fluorine resin.
- the weight ratio of the insulating woven or non-woven fabric to the matrix resin in the piezoelectric element sheet is 95: 5 to 5:95 in the woven or non-woven fabric: resin weight ratio [1] ]
- the present invention it is possible to provide a piezoelectric element that exhibits a high piezoelectric constant, retains a charged charge for a long time, and maintains a high piezoelectric rate.
- the present invention is composed of a matrix resin dispersion of an insulating woven or non-woven fabric, the interface between the insulating woven or non-woven fabric and the matrix resin dispersion, the interface between the matrix resin and the void, the insulation
- the electrical charge is held at the interface between the porous woven fabric or the nonwoven fabric and the void in a state where the electrical connection with the external environment is cut off, so that the attenuation of the charge is suppressed, and a high piezoelectric constant and a high piezoelectricity are obtained. It works effectively for retention.
- the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention is composed of a matrix resin dispersion of insulating woven fabric or nonwoven fabric.
- insulating woven or non-woven fabric may be made of an organic material or an inorganic material.
- Examples of the organic polymer used as a raw material for the woven fabric or the nonwoven fabric include insulating polymers having a volume resistivity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 15 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- insulating polymers having a volume resistivity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 15 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- polyamide-based resins (6-nylon, 6,6- Nylon), aromatic polyamide resin (aramid, etc.), polyolefin resin (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polyester resin (polyethylene terephthalate, etc.), polyacrylonitrile, phenol resin, fluorine resin (polytetrafluoroethylene, And polyvinylidene fluoride) and imide resins (polyimide, polyamideimide, bismaleimide, etc.).
- the organic polymer that has a high continuous usable temperature, does not have a dipole due to the molecule or crystal structure, or does not have a glass transition point in the operating temperature range of the piezoelectric element sheet.
- the continuously usable temperature can be measured by a continuous use temperature test described in UL746B (UL standard), and is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 80 ° C. or higher.
- an organic polymer exhibiting water repellency is preferable.
- Such an organic polymer is preferably an imide resin or a fluorine resin, and more preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- inorganic materials include glass fibers or ceramic fibers such as rock wool, carbon fibers, alumina fibers, wollastonite and potassium titanate fibers. Of these, glass fibers and / or ceramic fibers are preferred.
- any of monofilament yarn, multifilament yarn, and staple yarn may be used as the yarn constituting the woven fabric.
- the weaving method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, twenty weave, and tubular weave.
- As the woven structure there is no particular designation for the woven structure, yarn count, and yarn density.
- a nonwoven fabric In the case of a nonwoven fabric, various methods such as a wet papermaking method, a water punch method, a chemical bond method, a thermal bond method, a spun bond method, a needle punch method, and a stitch bond method can be used. From the viewpoint of mechanical properties and solvent resistance, a thermal bond method or a spun bond method using self-melting fibers is preferable.
- the basis weight of the insulating woven fabric or nonwoven fabric is preferably 20 to 400 g / m 2 , and the thickness is preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mm. If the basis weight and thickness are less than the above lower limit, the mechanical strength may be inferior, and if the upper limit is exceeded, the flexibility of the piezoelectric element sheet may be insufficient.
- the porosity of the woven or non-woven fabric is preferably 1 to 90% by volume. If the porosity is less than the above lower limit, sufficient charge cannot be injected into the piezoelectric element sheet by charging treatment, and the piezoelectric characteristics may be insufficient, and if the upper limit is exceeded, the mechanical strength may be inferior. .
- the porosity of the woven fabric / nonwoven fabric is a numerical value obtained from the thickness, basis weight and raw material density by the following formula.
- the insulating woven fabric or non-woven fabric may be either positively charged or easily negatively charged.
- a combination with a matrix resin described later may be the same or different in charging tendency, and a combination of materials that are more distant from each other in the charge train is preferable.
- the matrix resin is not particularly limited, but a polytetrafluoroethylene polymer [PTFE], a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether [PFA], a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene [FEP], Chlorotrifluoroethylene [PCTFE], copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene [ETFE], polyvinylidene fluoride [PVdF], polyvinyl fluoride [PVF], copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride Fluorine-containing resin such as polymer [THV]; polyolefin resin such as polypropylene and polyethylene; polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, poly (meth) acrylic acid ester, polyvinyl chloride, Vinyl polymers such as vinylidene chloride
- the matrix resin may be easily charged negatively or may be easily charged positively from the viewpoint of charging characteristics.
- the matrix resin include materials such as a fluorine-containing resin in which the charged column is located on the minus side of the glass fibers.
- the matrix resin is preferably a resin having a high melting temperature and a high thermal decomposition starting temperature from the viewpoint of heat resistance characteristics, for example, preferably a fluorine-containing resin or an imide-based resin.
- a fluorine-containing resin, particularly PTFE is preferable.
- the obtained piezoelectric element sheet is more preferable because it is excellent in heat resistance and weather resistance, and particularly excellent in temporal stability of piezoelectric characteristics at a high temperature of 70 ° C. or higher.
- the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention comprises a matrix resin dispersion in which a matrix resin is dispersed in an insulating woven fabric or non-woven fabric.
- the internal structure of the matrix resin dispersion constituting the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention is that the matrix resin covers the bundle of insulating fibers, and inside the piezoelectric element sheet, the gap according to the opening of the woven fabric / nonwoven fabric, although it is considered that there are voids between the matrix and the fiber, details of the matrix coating state on the fiber surface and the matrix resin dispersion / distribution state inside the sheet are not necessarily clear.
- a matrix resin dispersion in which an insulating woven or non-woven fabric and a matrix resin are combined, the introduced charge is held in the voids and the material interface and functions as a piezoelectric element sheet.
- a combination of a glass woven or non-woven fabric and a fluororesin matrix resin can enhance the piezoelectric characteristics.
- a combination of a glass woven or non-woven fabric and PTFE provides a high piezoelectric constant and high piezoelectricity retention.
- the weight ratio of the insulating woven or non-woven fabric to the matrix resin in the piezoelectric element sheet is preferably 95: 5 to 5:95 in terms of the woven or non-woven fabric: resin weight ratio, and more preferably 80:20 to A ratio of 30:70 is more preferable, and a ratio of 70:30 to 40:60 is particularly preferable.
- the piezoelectric constant can be increased by increasing the gap and material interface that can hold the charge in the piezoelectric element sheet, and the attenuation of the charge charged on the piezoelectric element sheet is suppressed, The retention rate of piezoelectricity can be increased.
- the thickness of the piezoelectric element sheet is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 0.5 mm, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- of the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention is usually in the range of 10 to 2000 pC / N, preferably 100 to 2000 pC / N. If the piezoelectric constant
- is given as the generated charge by applying stress (unit: N) to the sample so that the sample expands and contracts in the thickness direction, and measures the charge (unit: pC) of the sample generated at that time. It can be determined from the stress ratio.
- a sample in which a conductive layer is provided as an electrode on both sides of a piezoelectric element sheet is prepared, and the electrode on one side is used as a ground electrode and the electrode on the other side is connected to a charge amplifier.
- the sample is placed on the vibrator of the piezoelectric constant measuring device, and a weight with an acceleration sensor is placed on the sample.
- the sample is subjected to dynamic stress in the thickness direction by the weight.
- the dynamic stress at this time can be obtained from the product of the acceleration of the vibrator measured by the acceleration sensor and the weight of the weight.
- the electric charge generated by the stress can be obtained by outputting through a charge amplifier and observing with an oscilloscope.
- the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention has fine voids inside the sheet, and the porosity is preferably 0.1 to 70% by volume, more preferably 1 to 60% by volume. Particularly preferred is ⁇ 50% by volume.
- the porosity of the piezoelectric element sheet is small, the charge storage capacity is low, and the performance when the charge is injected may be inferior.
- the voids tend to communicate with each other, and the outflow of charges through the communicated voids tends to occur.
- the elastic modulus of the piezoelectric element sheet may be extremely inferior, the restoring property in the thickness direction may be reduced, and the durability may be inferior.
- the insulating woven fabric or nonwoven fabric is immersed in a solution in which the matrix resin is dissolved or dispersed, and the woven fabric or nonwoven fabric is impregnated with the matrix resin.
- the sheet made of the woven or non-woven matrix resin dispersion is subjected to a charging treatment to inject charges.
- Impregnation step In the method for producing a piezoelectric element sheet according to the present invention, a woven or non-woven fabric is impregnated with a solution or dispersion of a matrix resin.
- the matrix resin may be one dissolved in a solvent or one obtained by dispersing a particulate matrix resin in a dispersion medium.
- the solvent or dispersion medium is not particularly limited, and water, alcohols, ketones and the like can be used. In the present invention, it is preferable to use water or alcohols from the viewpoint of handling.
- the solvent including the dispersion medium
- the solvent may be removed by drying or the like, followed by baking or heat treatment to improve the adhesion between the matrix resin and the woven or non-woven fabric.
- the impregnation step may be performed a plurality of times, and may be performed sequentially by baking and heat treatment. However, when the impregnation and drying are repeated to obtain a desired dispersion amount, the firing and heat treatment may be performed. From the viewpoint of breaking the electrical connection between the electric charge held inside the piezoelectric element sheet and the external environment, the processing may be performed until the matrix resin is dispersed at least on the outermost surface of the sheet without any gap.
- the firing / heating treatment is appropriately selected depending on the type of the matrix resin, and is performed, for example, at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the solvent or the dispersion medium and / or a temperature higher than the melting point (softening point) of the matrix resin or the glass transition temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of the production method of the present invention.
- the raw glass fabric is immersed in an aqueous dispersion containing PTFE as a fluororesin, pulled up, dried and fired. Since the amount of the dispersion liquid that can be impregnated in one cycle is limited, this immersion-drying-firing may be repeated many times until the predetermined dispersion amount is reached.
- the glass woven fabric and the amount of impregnation number of cycles
- Charged resulting insulating woven or nonwoven matrix resin is dispersed sheet (hereinafter, simply referred to as sheet) injecting charges by performing charging processing according to the triboelectric series of the material.
- the method for injecting the charge is not particularly limited. (1) A sheet is sandwiched between a pair of plate electrodes, one plate electrode is grounded, and the other plate electrode is connected to a high-voltage DC power source, and a DC or pulsed high voltage is applied to the sheet.
- a method of charging the sheet by injecting electric charge (2) A method of charging the sheet by irradiating the sheet with ionizing radiation such as an electron beam or X-ray, or ultraviolet rays, and ionizing air molecules in the void surrounded by the insulating fibers and the matrix resin, (3) A plate electrode grounded on one surface of the sheet is placed in close contact, and a needle electrode or wire electrode electrically connected to a DC high-voltage power source is arranged on the other surface side of the sheet with a predetermined interval.
- ionizing radiation such as an electron beam or X-ray, or ultraviolet rays
- the polarity of the needle electrode or wire electrode by generating corona discharge due to electric field concentration near the tip of the needle electrode or near the surface of the wire electrode, ionizing air molecules surrounded by insulating fibers and matrix resin And a method of charging the piezoelectric element sheet by repelling air ions generated by.
- the methods (2) and (3) are preferable, and the method (3) of corona discharge is more preferable.
- the piezoelectric element sheet can be subjected to a charge removal process for surplus charges after the charging process.
- a charge removal process a known technique such as a voltage application type charge remover (ionizer) or a self-discharge type charge remover, or a technique by heat treatment (annealing) can be used.
- the charging treatment may be performed at a temperature not lower than the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin and not higher than the melting point of the crystal part. If the glass transition point or higher, the molecular motion of the amorphous portion of the thermoplastic resin is active, and a molecular arrangement suitable for a given charge is formed, so that an efficient charging process is possible. On the other hand, if the melting point is exceeded, the matrix resin cannot maintain its structure, and the desired performance of the present invention may not be obtained.
- the obtained piezoelectric element sheet can take out electric charges through the front and back surfaces of the sheet by applying a compressive load in the sheet thickness direction. That is, charge transfer occurs with respect to the external load (electric circuit), and an electromotive force is obtained.
- the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention exhibits a high piezoelectric constant, is excellent in charge retention, and has a high charge retention amount, it can be used for various applications as a piezoelectric (electret) element.
- it can be preferably used as an actuator, a sensing material, and a power generation material because it can generate a charge response to mechanical energy due to vibration or microstress and convert it into electrical energy.
- the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention is a combination of a specific insulating woven / nonwoven fabric and a matrix resin, a surface coating layer is not necessarily required.
- the surface coating layer may be laminated
- the surface coating layer preferably covers the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric element sheet from the standpoint of obtaining a piezoelectric laminate that retains electric charge for a long time and retains a high piezoelectric rate. It is preferable to coat the end face.
- the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention Since the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention generates a charge response even at a minute stress, the surface charge response to stress can be adjusted by controlling the structure of the insulating woven or non-woven fabric and the piezoelectric element sheet.
- a power generation material that uses electromotive force generated by pressure or vibration as a power source such as actuators, vibrators, pressure sensors, vibration force sensors, and pressure sensors that can be used in automobiles, outdoors, and factories. Can be used.
- a method of storing the electromotive force in a power storage mechanism and using it is also included.
- the piezoelectric element sheet of the present invention has heat resistance, moisture resistance, and weather resistance, it can also be used outdoors under high temperature and high humidity environments that could not be used with conventional piezoelectric materials such as PVDF. Is possible.
- -PTFE dispersion of glass woven fabric A fiber bundle was formed by bundling glass fibers having a single fiber diameter of 5 to 8 ⁇ m, and a glass woven fabric was prepared by plain weaving the obtained fiber bundle. This glass woven fabric was immersed in a PTFE dispersion and impregnated with PTFE particles to produce a sheet made of a PTFE dispersion of glass woven fabric.
- Table 1 shows the glass fiber bundle diameter (major axis) used to create each sheet, the thickness, weight, PTFE content ratio, and porosity of the prepared sheet.
- the PTFE content ratio was obtained by calculating a glass weight and a PTFE weight from a weight change before and after heating a test piece at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere after cutting a test piece from each sheet.
- the porosity is calculated by calculating the theoretical volume of the test piece calculated as having no voids from the calculated PTFE and glass weight ratio and the actual measured weight of the test piece, and the volume calculated by measuring the dimensions of the test piece. The difference was calculated from the following formula.
- Porosity (%) (1 ⁇ (theoretical volume / measured volume)) ⁇ 100 [Example] Charging the sheet by corona discharge using a corona discharge device manufactured by Kasuga Electric Co., Ltd. at a distance of 12.5 mm between electrodes and a voltage between electrodes of -15.0 kV for 90 seconds (provided that no overcurrent occurs) at room temperature. After the treatment and annealing at 100 ° C. for 24 hours, a rectangular electrode made of aluminum foil (“FOIL” manufactured by Mitsubishi Aluminum Co., Ltd., 11 ⁇ m) was provided on both surfaces of the sheet to prepare an evaluation sample.
- FOIL aluminum foil
- the piezoelectric constant was measured immediately after the sample was produced, at 74 ° C. and 90% RH for 24 hours and 48 hours later. Further, assuming that the piezoelectric constant immediately after sample preparation was 100%, the piezoelectric constant after the lapse of 24 hours and 48 hours was calculated as the piezoelectric property retention rate (%).
- seat of this invention shows a high piezoelectric constant, and can maintain a piezoelectric characteristic for a long period of time.
- the loss of charging is small even under high temperature and high humidity conditions, it can be used for a long time even in harsh environments.
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention porte : sur une feuille d'élément piézoélectrique, qui présente une constante piézoélectrique élevée, maintient des porteurs de charge chargés pendant une longue durée, et maintient un module piézoélectrique élevé ; et sur un procédé permettant de fabriquer la feuille d'élément piézoélectrique. La feuille d'élément piézoélectrique comprend une dispersion de résine de matrice d'un tissu tissé/non tissé isolant et est caractérisée en ce que des porteurs de charge sont retenus. Le procédé permettant de fabriquer la feuille d'élément piézoélectrique est caractérisé en ce : qu'un tissu tissé/non-tissé isolant est immergé dans une solution dans laquelle une résine de matrice est dissoute ou dispersée ; que le tissu tissé/non tissé est imprégné avec la résine de matrice ; et, ensuite, que des porteurs de charge sont injectés, par un traitement de charge, dans la feuille obtenue qui est composée d'une dispersion de résine de matrice de tissu tissé/non tissé.
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WO2009093412A1 (fr) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-30 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Article en feuille à module à résistance et à élasticité élevées |
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WO2015005420A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | 日本バルカー工業株式会社 | Feuille piézoélectrique, procédé de fabrication de ladite feuille, et stratifié piézoélectrique |
JP2015035576A (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2015-02-19 | 日本バルカー工業株式会社 | 圧電積層体 |
WO2017188130A1 (fr) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | 日本バルカー工業株式会社 | Procédé de détection sensible à la pression, capteur sensible à la pression, dispositif de détection sensible à la pression et système de détection sensible à la pression |
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