WO2018073997A1

WO2018073997A1 - Mushroom bed culture medium, method for producing mushroom bed culture medium, and mushroom culture method

Info

Publication number: WO2018073997A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/016336
Authority: WO
Inventors: 千秋櫛田
Original assignee: 千秋櫛田
Priority date: 2016-10-18
Filing date: 2017-04-25
Publication date: 2018-04-26
Also published as: JP2018064485A; JP6093085B1

Abstract

[Problem] To enable the mass-scale and low-cost production of a bed culture medium suitable for culturing mushrooms, said bed culture medium being usable as a substitute for corn cobs which become less available in these days and not requiring supply of a medium base material such as sawdust and nutrient, or even in the case of supplying such a medium base material or nutrient, being able to minimize the supply amount of the medium base material or nutrient. [Solution] A mushroom bed culture medium which comprises dried and ground pineapple, said dried and ground pineapple consisting of pineapple leaves alone or comprising pineapple leaves as the main part together with pineapple stems.

Description

Mushroom fungus bed medium, method for producing mushroom fungus bed medium, and mushroom cultivation method

The present invention relates to a mushroom fungus bed medium, a mushroom fungus bed, a method for producing a mushroom fungus bed medium, a method for producing a mushroom fungus bed, and a mushroom cultivation method.

Known methods for cultivating mushrooms include log cultivation, fungus bed cultivation, compost cultivation, forest land cultivation, and mycelium cultivation. Among them, fungus bed cultivation is a method of using a mixture of medium base materials such as sawdust and chips, nutrients, additives, water, etc. as a mushroom cultivation substrate, that is, a medium, and these media are used in bottles, boxes, Cultivate in a container such as a bag. Currently, it is the mainstream of Japanese mushroom cultivation method.

The medium base material used as the fungus bed is hardwood saws and chips, but coniferous ones, corn cob which is the core of corn, and cotton seed are often used. Nutrients were added for the purpose of promoting the growth of mycelia by supplying a nitrogen source that is insufficient with only the medium substrate and an auxiliary carbon source at the beginning of the culture. In addition to tofu okara, wheat bran, bran, corn bran, soybean oil cake, mylo flour, and beer fermented rice cake are also used as supplementary nutrients.

Corncob has been used as a medium base material. Corncob is fibrous and has been used favorably as a mushroom medium substrate.

Patent Document 1 describes a fungus bed medium for mushrooms in which humic acid and sugars are added to a fungus bed medium mainly composed of hardwood or coniferous sawdust (also referred to as sawdust). .

Patent Document 2 describes that at least one nutrient selected from a medium for solid cultivation of corn cob, rice bran, oats, and beer lees is used.

Patent Document 3 describes a mushroom culture medium composed of a mixture of pulverized wood raw materials and nutrient sources.

Patent Document 4 describes that pineapple leaf stems were produced as fertilizer.

Patent Document 5 describes that pineapple leaf stems were produced as feed.

JP-A-9-70224 Japanese Patent No. 5902968 JP-A-7-312976 Japanese Patent No. 5819018 Japanese Patent No. 5860987

Conventionally, as shown in the prior art documents, a medium base material has been manufactured by adding a nutrient to fibrous corn cob and sawdust. Fibrous corn cob and sawdust are becoming difficult to obtain, and there is a need for an alternative medium substrate. In addition, the cost of the medium base material has increased due to the necessity of supplementing nutrients, etc., and it is required to produce a large amount of a fungus bed medium suitable for cultivation of mushrooms at a low cost.

Patent Documents

4 and 5 describe that pineapple leaves and stems were produced as fertilizers or feeds, but do not describe the production of mushroom beds or their culture media.

The present invention can be replaced with corn cob which has a fibrous property and is becoming difficult to obtain in view of such points, and does not require supplementation of a medium substrate such as sawtooth, does not require supplementation of nutrients, or Even when these medium base materials or nutrients are replenished, a fungus bed medium suitable for cultivation of mushrooms capable of stopping the supply of these medium base materials or nutrients to a small amount at a low cost. The purpose is to enable mass production.

The present invention relates to a mushroom fungus bed medium comprising a dried pineapple leaf, a pineapple leaf / stem, and a pineapple crushed body mainly composed of pineapple leaf. I will provide a.

The present invention provides a mushroom fungus bed characterized by comprising the above-mentioned mushroom fungus bed medium and added water.

The present invention provides a mushroom fungus bed comprising the above-mentioned mushroom fungus bed medium and an added nutrient and water.

The present invention comprises a pineapple leaf as a whole component or a pineapple leaf / stem and a pineapple leaf as a main part, producing a pineapple crushed and drying to produce a mushroom fungus bed medium. A method for producing a mushroom fungus bed medium characterized by the above.

The present invention provides a method for producing a mushroom fungus bed characterized by producing the mushroom fungus bed medium described above and adding water.

The present invention provides a method for producing a mushroom fungus bed characterized by producing the mushroom fungus bed medium described above, adding a nutrient, and adding moisture.

The present invention provides a method for producing a mushroom fungus bed characterized in that the mushroom fungus bed is housed in a container in the method for producing a mushroom fungus bed described above.

The present invention provides mushroom fungi by inoculating and culturing mushroom fungi on the above-mentioned mushroom fungus bed or a mushroom fungus bed containing a mushroom fungus bed produced by the method for producing a mushroom fungus bed. To provide a method for cultivating mushrooms characterized by cultivating

In the present invention, mushroom fungus bed medium is dried, and at least a crushed body of leaves and stems of pineapple is formed as a whole component or a main component. According to this, it can be replaced with corn cob which is becoming difficult to obtain, even without supplementing a medium substrate such as saw, no supplement of nutrients, or even when supplementing nutrients It is possible to produce a large amount of a fungus bed suitable for cultivation of mushrooms that makes it possible to stop the supply of these nutrients to a small amount.

The figure which shows the external appearance of the pineapple leaf and stem after harvesting a pineapple fruit. The figure which shows a pineapple leaf and stem component comparison table. The figure which shows the mushroom fungus floor material component table. The figure which shows the manufacturing method of the mushroom culture medium and mushroom fungus bed in a present Example. The figure which shows the cultivation method of mushrooms.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described. In this example, when it is described as pineapple leaf / stem, the pineapple crushed body includes both pineapple leaf or pineapple leaf and the case of consisting of leaf and stem, and in the case of pineapple leaf alone Pine leaf was described. Leaf or stem means a pineapple leaf or pineapple stem, and the medium means a mushroom fungus bed medium.

FIG. 1 shows the appearance of pineapple leaves and stems after harvesting pineapple fruits. As shown in FIG. 1, the pineapple leaf / stem consists of a stem extending upward from the root and a large number of leaves branching from the stem. When the pineapple fruit is harvested, the pineapple leaf and stem are regarded as pineapple waste. Sometimes pineapple waste is mixed with real residues.

FIG. 2 shows a pineapple leaf / stem component comparison table.

Pineapple leaves and stems have acidic detergent fibers, neutral detergent fibers, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and proteins, and have high nutritional value.

Pineapple leaves and stems have the same ingredients as pineapple koji, are rich in fiber components, are rich in nutrients, and are suitable for mushroom fungus bed media rich in nutrients and fiber components, that is, mushroom fungus bed media It becomes a material.

FIG. 3 shows a mushroom fungus bed material composition table.

FIG. 3 shows the contents when both are replaced with dry matter (water content 0%) for comparison with the conventional example, the present example, and comparison. As a conventional example, a typical corn cob, that is, a corn cob powder (corn cob meal) is shown, and an example in which other raw materials are added to the corn cob meal as a nutrient is shown. In the case of the conventional example, corn cob meal constitutes a main part of the medium and the mushroom fungus bed, and the fiber component of the medium or mushroom bed is determined by the fiber component of the corn cob meal. In the case of this example, the fiber component of the medium or the mushroom fungus bed is determined by the fiber component of the pineapple leaf.

Usually, nutrients are indicated by crude protein and crude fat, and fiber is indicated by crude fiber.

FIG. 3 shows the content when both are replaced with dry matter (water content 0%) for comparison.

Corn cob meal is excellent in crude fiber content, but due to its low nutritional value, a nutrient is added to form a medium and a mushroom fungus bed.

When replacing pineapple leaves with corn cob meal, it is essential to secure the fiber content of corn cob meal first. When using 100% leaves, all figures exceed corncob meal. In an example using 100% of the stem, it is a coarse fiber component, which is inferior to corn cob meal.

Under such circumstances, the production of a medium having a fiber component equivalent to that of corn cob meal and taking advantage of the nutrient-rich features of pineapple itself will be examined.

It is important to secure a fiber component equivalent to the fiber component of corn cob meal.

Securing a fiber component equivalent to the fiber component of corn cob meal is not a problem when the pineapple leaf / stalk fragment is composed of only leaves. When the mixing ratio of leaves and stems is leaf 95 and stem 5, the rate of increase / decrease compared to corn cob meal is 1.0. The problem of securing an equivalent fiber component is solved by making the mixing ratio of leaves and stems within 70:30, mainly leaves, that is, the ratio of leaves is 70% or more. The mixing ratio of stems to leaves. At 5-30%, although the coarse fibers are slightly reduced numerically, the amount of fibers as a medium can be evaluated to be almost equivalent and can be used. In comparison of the nutritional components, the pineapple leaf / stalk crushed body of this Example has a high nutritional value of about 3 times as much crude protein and about 4 times as much crude fat as corn cobmeal. The crude ash is also high. The pineapple leaf / stalk crushed body of this example itself has the same performance as a medium composed of corn cob meal and nutrients or a mushroom fungus bed.

When the mixing ratio of leaves and stems is mainly within 70:30, that is, the ratio of leaves is 70% or more, fiber content equal to or higher than that of corn cob meal is secured, and pine Nutrients are secured by the nutrients in the apple leaf / stalk fragment. By securing the nutrients, the addition of nutrients that are required to be added to corn cob meal is not required, or depending on the type of mushroom, it may be desirable to add the main part to pineapple leaves and stems It can be composed of a crushed body, minimizing the amount of additive material, and suppressing an increase in cost. If the pineapple crushed body is composed only of leaves and a stem having a lower fiber component than the leaves is not used, the pineapple crushed body is composed only of leaves and ensures a fiber content greater than that of corn cob meal. Can secure nutrients. By doing in this way, compared to a medium composed of corn cobmeal + nutrient, a medium composed of pineapple leaves and stems ensures fiber components, abundant nutritional parts, and lower costs. . Even when only the leaves are used as pineapple leaves / stalks in the medium composition, the nutritional value is secured and other nutrients are added on the premise that the fiber content is higher than that of corn cob meal. And higher nutritional value. When the culture medium is configured in this way, the mixing ratio of leaves and other nutrients is set to be within 70:30 mainly for the leaves, that is, the ratio of the leaves is set to 70% or more mainly for the leaves. When mixing other nutrients into the leaf-based crushed material, ensure a leaf ratio of 70% or more. Therefore, when the leaf is the main part, it indicates a case where 70% or more of the leaf component is secured. Desirably, the component ratio of leaves is recommended to be 95% or more. By making the component ratio of the leaves 95% or more, and in some cases 100%, the medium components are mostly occupied by pineapple leaves and stems, and other mixed materials are made small or zero, Mushroom bed is produced. By making the leaf component ratio 95-100% and stem 5% or less, the fiber component is secured, the nutrient component is abundant, and there is no mixture other than pineapple and the mushroom fungus bed.

FIG. 4 shows a method for producing a mushroom medium and a mushroom fungus bed in this example.

In FIG. 4, the pineapple leaf examined in FIG. 3 is crushed to produce a pineapple crushed body. That is, a chip is manufactured. (11) A medium containing pineapple leaves as a whole or the main waist is produced. (12) A nutrient as another auxiliary material is added as necessary. (13) Water is also added and retained. (14) Mushroom fungus bed is produced. (15) Stored in a container, for example, a plastic container, and prepared for inoculation with mushrooms. (16) Instead of the above-described plastic container, a wooden or ceramic container may be used. Also, pineapple leaves may be mixed with stem or pineapple fruit waste. Various nutrients can be added for the production of the medium. Auxiliary materials other than nutrients may be added.

In the production of fertilizers or some feeds described in Patent Document 4 or Patent Document 5, it is essential to ferment pineapple leaf / stalk crushed material with aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. The For fermented feed in the feed, it is an essential process to ferment pineapple leaf / stalk fragments with anaerobic bacteria. Fermentation is permissible for a medium produced from pineapple leaves and stems, and a mushroom fungus bed produced using this medium, but the fermentation itself is not a necessary condition. In addition, the particle size of pineapple leaves and stems in this example is composed of a crushed body of 5 mm or less so as to be suitable for a medium as described later, and the particle size of fertilizer or feed described in Patent Document 4 or Patent Document 5 It is considered to be finer than

By adopting these methods, the medium itself has high nutritional value, is fibrous, can be dried, and after drying, it has excellent absorption and retention of water, ie pineapple nature suitable for mushroom cultivation. A medium is produced.

According to the comparison of pineapple leaves / stems and corn cob in the dry state, the medium produced by pineapple leaves / stems examined in FIG. 3 has fiber and nutrient components important for mushroom cultivation. It has a feature that it can be a sufficient medium by itself. A medium produced by using pineapple leaves and stems imported in a dry state as a whole component has fiber and nutrient components important for mushroom cultivation.

The medium produced by the pineapple leaves and stems examined in Fig. 3 has a higher fiber content, is rich in nutrients and water, and has no additional nutrients. Can sufficiently become a mushroom bed culture medium. It has a feature that it can sufficiently become a mushroom bed culture medium by itself without adding other base materials and other nutrients. Supplementary addition of other base materials and other nutrients does not inhibit the production of the mushroom fungus bed medium. The amount of other base materials and other nutrients added as supplements can be reduced as compared with the action of pineapple leaves and stems. As described above, if an equivalent fiber component is ensured, the addition of other nutrients can be optional, and a medium corresponding to mushrooms can be produced. In addition, the medium produced from pineapple leaves and stems is easy to dry and has excellent properties of absorbing and retaining moisture. A medium produced from dried pineapple leaves and stems is desirable for sale in Japan.

The present invention provides a mushroom fungus bed medium characterized in that, by utilizing such properties of pineapple waste, dried, at least leaf crushed material of pineapple is a whole component or a main component. . By using at least crushed leaves of pineapple as the main component, the properties of pineapple leaves and stems are kept intact and can be used appropriately for mushroom bed cultures by drying. It becomes. By drying, the weight of pineapple leaves / stems is greatly reduced, making it easier to transport. Pineapple leaves / stems do not reduce the fiber properties and nutritional value of pineapple leaves / stems even when dried, making them suitable substrates for mushroom fungus bed cultures.

A dried mushroom fungus bed characterized in that a crushed body of at least leaves and stems of pineapple is added with water to a main mushroom fungus bed medium. As described above, the dried pineapple leaves or the crushed body of the leaves and stems are all or the water has been added to the main mushroom fungus bed medium, so that It is considered a mushroom fungus bed.

By using a pineapple leaf / stalk crushed material in the mushroom fungus bed, it can be replaced with corn cob, and a mushroom fungus bed having higher fiber components and higher nutritional value than corn cob is provided.

In the above-mentioned mushroom fungus bed, one or more selected from tofu okara, ogaco, rice bran, oats and beer lees can be added as other additives. There is no need to increase the amount of these additives, and the amount can be kept small. A mushroom fungus bed medium characterized in that a pulverized body of at least leaves and stems of pineapple is all or a major component is desirable for mushroom fungus bed production and mushroom cultivation.

Also provided is a method for producing a mushroom fungus bed medium, which comprises drying at least the crushed leaves of pineapple and using all or a main component of the mushroom fungus bed medium.

Also, at least a crushed leaf of pineapple is dried, and a mushroom fungus bed medium is prepared using the dried crushed material as a whole or main component, and water is added to the mushroom fungus medium. In addition, there is provided a method for producing a mushroom fungus bed that produces a fungus fungus bed without being fermented or fermented.

In addition, the dried mushroom fungus bed is characterized in that at least the crushed leaves of pineapple are stored in a plastic container with all or the main mushroom fungus bed medium constituents to form a mushroom fungus bed. A manufacturing method is provided.

Hereinafter, the mushroom bed culture medium and the production examples of the mushroom bed will be described.

The waste composed of pineapple leaves and stems examined in FIG. 3 was cut to produce chip-like (5 mm or less) crushed bodies (hereinafter, 5 mm or less crushed bodies are referred to as chips) and dried. The moisture content of the dried crushed material was around 10%. Using this dried crushed material alone, instead of corn cob, a mushroom fungus bed medium excellent in fiber property, abundant abundance, and moisture absorption and retention was manufactured without adding auxiliary materials as other materials. Mushrooms were cultivated and harvested based on this mushroom fungus bed medium.
In this case,
A pineapple leaf simple substance was used alone (pineapple leaf 100%) to prepare a mushroom bed culture medium.
A mushroom bed culture medium was prepared by adjusting the pineapple leaf to 95% and the stem to 5%.
A mushroom fungus bed medium was prepared by adjusting pineapple leaves to 70% and stems to 30%.
The following nutrient additives were added in place of the stems of the produced mushroom fungus bed medium or by mixing the stems.
Tofu okara was added as a nutritional additive to pineapple leaves and stem chips.
Mushroom fungus bed medium was prepared by adding sawdust as a nutritional additive to pineapple leaf and stem chips.
Rice bran was added as a nutrient additive to pineapple leaf and stem chips to produce a fungus bed culture medium.
A pineapple leaf / stem chip was added with oats as a nutrient additive to produce a fungus bed medium.
Beer koji was added as a nutrient additive to pineapple leaf / stem chips to produce a mushroom fungus bed medium.
Soybean oil cake was added as a nutrient additive to pineapple leaf / stem chips to produce a fungus bed culture medium.
Corn bran was added as a nutritional additive to pineapple leaf / stem chips to produce a mushroom fungus bed medium.
Corncob and wheat bran were added to pineapple leaves and stem chips as nutrient additives to produce a fungus bed medium.
Bran was added as a nutrient additive to pineapple leaf and stem chips to produce a fungus bed culture medium.
Cottonseed oil cake was added as a nutrient additive to pineapple leaf and stem chips to produce a fungus fungus bed medium.
Peanut oil cake was added to pineapple leaves and stem chips as a nutrient additive to produce a fungus bed culture medium.
Fish meal was added as a nutrient additive to pineapple leaf / stem chips to produce a fungus bed medium.
Bran was added as a nutrient additive to pineapple leaf and stem chips to produce a fungus bed culture medium.
Mushroom fungus bed medium was prepared by adding sweet potato as a nutritional additive to pineapple leaves and stem chips.
Yeast for feed was added as a nutrient additive to pineapple leaf and stem chips to produce a fungus bed culture medium.
Mushroom fungus beds were produced from these produced mushroom fungus bed media.
In addition, a mixture of a mushroom fungus bed medium base material or other nutrients, which has been conventionally used, was mixed with these mushroom fungus beds as an auxiliary material to produce a mixed mushroom fungus bed.

Next, an example in which mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms were cultivated by adopting Example 1 is shown.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a cultivation method for fungus bed cultivation. The cultivation method for fungus bed cultivation includes a medium adjustment step, an inoculation culture step, and a generation step. The medium examined in FIG. 3 is adopted as the medium.

The medium adjustment process consists of a medium consisting of pineapple leaves and stem chips ⇒ fungus bed ⇒ container filling ⇒ sterilization, and the inoculation culture process consists of cooling ⇒ seed inoculation ⇒ culture, and the generation process consists of bacterial scraping, bag cutting ⇒ water injection, It consists of watering ⇒ primordial formation ⇒ growth ⇒ harvest.

チップ Chips made of pineapple leaves are dried to produce pineapple medium. Water is added to the produced medium to obtain a fungus fungus bed. It is a general process except that the dried pineapple leaf crushed material is used as a medium and the whole or main components are used to produce a medium and water is added to produce a fungus bed.

The process shown in FIG. 5 can also be applied to mushroom cultivation other than shiitake mushrooms.

According to the present example, a crushed body of at least leaves and stems of pineapple formed by drying the mushroom bed medium is formed as a whole component or a main component. According to this, it can be replaced with corn cob which is becoming difficult to obtain, even without supplementing a medium substrate such as saw, no supplement of nutrients, or even when supplementing nutrients It is possible to produce a large amount of a fungus bed suitable for cultivation of mushrooms that can stop the supply of nutrients to a small amount. Moreover, mushroom cultivation using these mushroom fungus beds is possible.

11 ... Production of pineapple leaf / stalk crushed body, 12 ... Production of mushroom fungus bed medium made entirely of pineapple leaf, 13 ... Addition of other nutrients, 14 ... Addition of water, 15 ... Manufacture of mushroom beds, 16 ... stored in containers.

Claims

A dried mushroom fungus bed medium consisting of a crushed pineapple leaf composed entirely of pineapple leaves.
A method for producing a mushroom fungus bed medium, comprising producing a pineapple leaf crushed body using all the components of pineapple leaves, drying the pineapple leaf crushed body and producing a mushroom fungus bed medium from the pineapple leaf crushed body.
Inoculating and culturing the mushroom fungus bed medium according to claim 1 or the mushroom fungus bed produced by the method for producing a mushroom fungus bed medium according to claim 2, A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising cultivating mushrooms.