CN109937793A - A kind of big fat mushroom cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of big fat mushroom cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109937793A CN109937793A CN201910234402.0A CN201910234402A CN109937793A CN 109937793 A CN109937793 A CN 109937793A CN 201910234402 A CN201910234402 A CN 201910234402A CN 109937793 A CN109937793 A CN 109937793A
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, it is numerous which includes the following steps: that big fat mushroom strain expands, pack sterilizing, inoculation, and germicidal management takes off bag earthing, management of producing mushroom；The invention of this hair can provide optimal growing environment and required nutrition for big fat mushroom, can preferably promote the growth and development of big fat mushroom, significantly improve cultivating rate, the yield and quality of big fat mushroom by above-mentioned specific cultural method.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to fungi cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method.
Background technique
Big fat mushroom (Agaricus bitorquis (Qu é l.) Sacc.) also known as Agaricus bitorqui, delicious mushroom, Agaricus placomyces are double
Ring mushroom, big white mushroom belong to Basidiomycetes (Basidiomycetes) Agaricales (Agaricales) Agaricus edibilis
(Agaricaceae) Agaricus (Agaricus).Big fat mushroom is a kind of saprophytic fungus, and fructification is loose, and mushroom body white is to dark
Yellow, bacterial context is plump, and it is a kind of edible mushroom of great exploitation potential that delicious flavour, which has the function of a variety of nutrition and health cares,.
But due in the course of cultivation, big fat mushroom cultivation each stage technique there is also defect, cause big at present
The problem that there is also cultivating rates in the course of cultivation is low for fat mushroom, yield is lower, second-rate.
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, to solve in the prior art due to existing cultivation
Train the problem that cultivating rate is low, yield is lower and second-rate caused by technological deficiency.
To achieve the goals above, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A kind of big fat mushroom cultural method is provided according to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, and the cultural method includes such as
Lower step:
(a) big fat mushroom strain expands numerous: expand numerous culture for big fat mushroom parent species and obtains original seed, original seed is trained through inoculation
It supports, selects the strain that bacterium germination is fast, mycelia is prosperous as cultivar；
(b) pack sterilizing: culture material is packed into cultivating bag, and is furnished with non-cotton cover, then in 121 DEG C, 0.11-
Sterilize 2-3h under the conditions of 0.15MPa；
(c) it is inoculated with: being cooled to 25 DEG C hereinafter, aseptically cultivar is inoculated into cultivating bag to cultivating bag；
(d) germicidal management: being placed in 20-23 DEG C, under the conditions of humidity 50-70% for the cultivating bag after inoculation, be protected from light culture, to
After the long purseful of mycelia, continue culture 6-8 days；
(e) it takes off bag earthing: cultivating bag being peeled off and is horizontally arranged, earthing, thickness of earth covering 2-4cm then sprays earthing
It is permeable, then by cultivating bag exposure position again earthing, thickness of earth covering is 2-4cm again；
(f) management of producing mushroom: the cultivating bag local environment temperature after control earthing is 10-24 DEG C, and avoids direct sunlight, often
Certain interval of time is sprayed water on charge level, and is aerated daily, and it is 80- that air humidity is controlled after mushroom flower bud covers with charge level
90%, continue culture 6-10 days, is then harvested.
The invention of this hair can provide optimal growing environment and institute by above-mentioned specific cultural method for big fat mushroom
Nutrition is needed, the growth and development of big fat mushroom can be preferably promoted, significantly improves cultivating rate, yield and the matter of big fat mushroom
Amount.
Further, in the step (a), big fat mushroom mother culture media includes the raw material of following parts by weight: maltose
15-25 parts, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 0.2-0.8 parts of calcium sulfate, 15-25 parts of agar powder, water 900-1100g；Preferably, big fat mushroom
Mother culture media includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 20 parts of maltose, 30 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of calcium sulfate, 20 parts of agar powder, water
1000g；It is highly preferred that big fat mushroom mother culture media pH value is 6.2-6.8.
Further, in the step (a), the culture medium for expanding numerous culture and inoculated and cultured use includes following parts by weight
Raw material: 45-55 parts of dry cow dung, 25-35 parts of hardwood sawdust, 15-20 parts of cotton seed hulls, 2-3.5 parts of wheat bran, calcium sulfate 0.02-
0.08 part, 170-200 parts of water.Preferably, expand the raw material that the culture medium that numerous culture is used with inoculated and cultured includes following parts by weight:
50 parts of dry cow dung, 30 parts of hardwood sawdust, 17 parts of cotton seed hulls, 2.95 parts of wheat bran, 0.05 part of calcium sulfate, 185 parts of water.
By the restriction of above-mentioned culture medium, sufficient nutritional ingredient can be provided for big fat mushroom, improve bacterium germination speed and
Mycelia quality.
Further, in the step (b), culture material includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 45-55 parts of dry cow dung, corn
35-45 parts of core, 7-8 parts of cotton seed hulls, 2-3 parts of wheat bran, 0.02-0.08 parts of calcium sulfate, 170-200 parts of water；Preferably, culture material packet
Include the raw material of following parts by weight: 50 parts of dry cow dung, 40 parts of corncob, 7.45 parts of cotton seed hulls, 2.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.05 part of calcium sulfate,
185 parts of water；It can be big fertile mushroom according to the nutritional need of big fat mushroom different stages of growth by the restriction formed to culture material
Mushroom provides sufficient nutriment, conducive to the fast-growth of big fat mushroom.
Further, the cultivating bag is the Polypropylene Bag of (15-19) × (30-36).
Further, it in the step (f), sprayed water on charge level at interval of 3-5 days, water spray is wet to fabric every time
Thoroughly.
Further, in the step (f), ventilation 1-3 times daily, each ventilation time is 20-40min.
By the restriction to big fat mushroom planting environment, optimal growing environment can be provided for big fat mushroom, improved out
Mushroom rate and yield.
Further, the milpa of the big fat mushroom is Fuyang；The big fat mushroom strain expands numerous season as June
Part.
Further, the big fat mushroom parent species be deposit number be ACCC50034 bacterial strain (ACCC be Chinese agriculture it is micro-
Biological inoculum preservation administrative center).The present invention can preferably improve big fat mushroom by the restriction to big fat mushroom parent species
Cultivating rate and yield.
The embodiment of the present invention has the advantages that
The invention of this hair can provide optimal growing environment and institute by above-mentioned specific cultural method for big fat mushroom
Nutrition is needed, the growth and development of big fat mushroom can be preferably promoted, significantly improves cultivating rate, yield and the matter of big fat mushroom
Amount.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to embodiment party in order to illustrate more clearly of embodiments of the present invention or technical solution in the prior art
Formula or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described.It should be evident that the accompanying drawings in the following description is only
It is merely exemplary, it for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer, which is extended, obtains other implementation attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the big fat mushroom figure for the mushroom flower bud differentiation state that the embodiment of the present invention 3 provides；
Fig. 2 is the mature sporophore figure of the big fat mushroom for the harvesting that the embodiment of the present invention 3 provides.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by particular specific embodiment below, those skilled in the art can be by this explanation
Content disclosed by book is understood other advantages and efficacy of the present invention easily, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one
Section Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work out, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The raw material that following embodiment uses is as follows:
Big fat mushroom parent species: from Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, deposit number is for purchase
ACCC50034。
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, selects the regional cultivation for carrying out big fat mushroom June in Fuyang
Training, the cultural method include the following steps:
(a) big fat mushroom strain expands numerous: expand numerous culture for big fat mushroom parent species and obtains original seed, original seed is trained through inoculation
It supports, selects the strain that bacterium germination is fast, mycelia is prosperous as cultivar, wherein expanding the culture medium that numerous culture is used with inoculated and cultured includes
The raw material of following parts by weight: 45 parts of dry cow dung, 35 parts of hardwood sawdust, 15 parts of cotton seed hulls, 3.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.02 part of calcium sulfate,
200 parts of water；
(b) pack sterilizing: culture material is packed into cultivating bag, and is furnished with non-cotton cover, then in 121 DEG C, 0.11MPa condition
Lower sterilizing 3h, wherein culture material includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 45 parts of dry cow dung, 35 parts of corncob, 8 parts of cotton seed hulls, wheat bran 2
Part, 0.08 part of calcium sulfate, 170 parts of water, the Polypropylene Bag that cultivating bag is 15 × 30；
(c) it is inoculated with: being cooled to 25 DEG C hereinafter, aseptically cultivar is inoculated into cultivating bag to cultivating bag；
(d) germicidal management: being placed in 20 DEG C, under the conditions of humidity 70% for the cultivating bag after inoculation, be protected from light culture, long to mycelia
After purseful, continue culture 8 days；
(e) it takes off bag earthing: cultivating bag being peeled off and is horizontally arranged, earthing, thickness of earth covering 2cm then sprays earthing saturating
Water, then by cultivating bag exposure position again earthing, thickness of earth covering is 2cm again；
(f) management of producing mushroom: the cultivating bag local environment temperature after control earthing is 10 DEG C, and avoids direct sunlight, every
It sprayed water on charge level every 5 days, water spray is drenched to fabric every time, and is aerated daily 1 time, ventilation time 40min, to
Control air humidity is 80% after mushroom flower bud covers with charge level, continues culture 10 days, is then harvested.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, selects the regional cultivation for carrying out big fat mushroom June in Fuyang
Training, the cultural method include the following steps:
(a) big fat mushroom strain expands numerous: expand numerous culture for big fat mushroom parent species and obtains original seed, original seed is trained through inoculation
It supports, selects the strain that bacterium germination is fast, mycelia is prosperous as cultivar, wherein expanding the culture medium that numerous culture is used with inoculated and cultured includes
The raw material of following parts by weight: 55 parts of dry cow dung, 25 parts of hardwood sawdust, 20 parts of cotton seed hulls, 2 parts of wheat bran, 0.08 part of calcium sulfate, water
170 parts；
(b) pack sterilizing: culture material is packed into cultivating bag, and is furnished with non-cotton cover, then in 121 DEG C, 0.15MPa condition
Lower sterilizing 2h, wherein culture material includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 55 parts of dry cow dung, 45 parts of corncob, 7 parts of cotton seed hulls, wheat bran 3
Part, 0.02 part of calcium sulfate, 200 parts of water, the Polypropylene Bag that cultivating bag is 19 × 36；
(c) it is inoculated with: being cooled to 25 DEG C hereinafter, aseptically cultivar is inoculated into cultivating bag to cultivating bag；
(d) germicidal management: being placed in 23 DEG C, under the conditions of humidity 50% for the cultivating bag after inoculation, be protected from light culture, long to mycelia
After purseful, continue culture 6 days；
(e) it takes off bag earthing: cultivating bag being peeled off and is horizontally arranged, earthing, thickness of earth covering 4cm then sprays earthing saturating
Water, then by cultivating bag exposure position again earthing, thickness of earth covering is 4cm again；
(f) management of producing mushroom: the cultivating bag local environment temperature after control earthing is 24 DEG C, and avoids direct sunlight, every
It sprayed water on charge level every 3 days, water spray is drenched to fabric every time, and carries out leading to 3 times daily, and each ventilation time is 20min,
It is 90% that air humidity is controlled after mushroom flower bud covers with charge level, continues culture 6 days, is then harvested.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, selects the regional cultivation for carrying out big fat mushroom June in Fuyang
Training, the cultural method include the following steps:
(a) big fat mushroom strain expands numerous: expand numerous culture for big fat mushroom parent species and obtains original seed, original seed is trained through inoculation
It supports, selects the strain that bacterium germination is fast, mycelia is prosperous as cultivar, wherein expanding the culture medium that numerous culture is used with inoculated and cultured includes
The raw material of following parts by weight: 50 parts of dry cow dung, 30 parts of hardwood sawdust, 17 parts of cotton seed hulls, 2.95 parts of wheat bran, calcium sulfate 0.05
Part, 185 parts of water；
(b) pack sterilizing: culture material is packed into cultivating bag, and is furnished with non-cotton cover, then in 121 DEG C, 0.13MPa condition
Lower sterilizing 2.5h, wherein culture material includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 50 parts of dry cow dung, 40 parts of corncob, 7.45 parts of cotton seed hulls,
2.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.05 part of calcium sulfate, 185 parts of water, the Polypropylene Bag that cultivating bag is 17 × 33；
(c) it is inoculated with: being cooled to 25 DEG C hereinafter, aseptically cultivar is inoculated into cultivating bag to cultivating bag；
(d) germicidal management: being placed in 22 DEG C, under the conditions of humidity 60% for the cultivating bag after inoculation, be protected from light culture, long to mycelia
After purseful, continue culture 7 days；
(e) it takes off bag earthing: cultivating bag being peeled off and is horizontally arranged, earthing, thickness of earth covering 3cm then sprays earthing saturating
Water, then by cultivating bag exposure position again earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm again；
(f) management of producing mushroom: the cultivating bag local environment temperature after control earthing is 18 DEG C, and avoids direct sunlight, every
It sprayed water on charge level every 4 days, water spray is drenched to fabric every time, and is aerated daily 2 times, and each ventilation time is
30min, it is 85% that air humidity is controlled after mushroom flower bud covers with charge level, continues culture 8 days, is then harvested, the big fertilizer of harvesting
Mushroom is as shown in Figure 2；
As shown in Figure 2, the big fat mushroom bacterial context that the present invention cultivates is fair and clear, cap is thick and solid, and bacterium disease is short and thick strong, product matter
It measures.
Reference examples 1
This reference examples is a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, and the cultural method and the cultural method of embodiment 3 are essentially identical,
Difference is only that culture material in step (b) includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 50 parts of dry cow dung, 40 parts of corncob, cotton seed hulls
7.45 parts, 3 parts of wheat bran, 185 parts of water.
Reference examples 2
This reference examples is a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, and the cultural method and the cultural method of embodiment 3 are essentially identical,
Difference is only that culture material in step (b) includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 30 parts of dry cow dung, 60 parts of corncob, cotton seed hulls
5.45 parts, 4.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of calcium sulfate, 185 parts of water.
Reference examples 3
This reference examples is a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, and the cultural method and the cultural method of embodiment 3 are essentially identical,
Difference, which is only that in step (d) after the long purseful of mycelia, is directly entered step (e).
Reference examples 4
This reference examples is a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, and the cultural method and the cultural method of embodiment 3 are essentially identical,
Difference is only that the purchase of big fat mushroom parent species from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, and preservation is compiled
Number be No.1225.
Experimental example
The cultivation of big fat mushroom, and each reality are carried out according to the big fat mushroom cultural method of embodiment 3 and reference examples 1-4 respectively
The big fat mushroom inoculum concentration for testing group is identical；Then 100 bags are randomly selected from each experimental group before the first damp mushroom adopts mushroom to count
Mushroom rate counts the single big fat mushroom fructification mean fresh of each experimental group, statistical result such as 1 institute of table after the harvesting of the first damp mushroom
Show；Then former according to conversion ratio=fructification fresh weight ÷ until counting the biological transformation ratio of each experimental group after the harvesting of the 4th damp mushroom
Expect dry weight, calculates the conversion ratio of each experimental group, calculated result is as shown in table 1；
Table 1
As shown in Table 1:
Compared with reference examples, the cultural method of the big fat mushroom of embodiment 3 can mention the cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention 3
The cultivating rate of high big fat mushroom and the yield and quality for improving cultivation big fat mushroom.
Although above having used general explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, at this
On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore,
These modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention are fallen within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of big fat mushroom cultural method, which comprises the steps of:
(a) big fat mushroom strain expands numerous: big fat mushroom parent species expand numerous culture and obtain original seed, by original seed through inoculated and cultured,
Select the strain that bacterium germination is fast, mycelia is prosperous as cultivar；
(b) pack sterilizing: culture material is packed into cultivating bag, and is furnished with non-cotton cover, then in 121 DEG C, 0.11-0.15MPa item
Sterilize 2-3h under part；
(c) it is inoculated with: being cooled to 25 DEG C hereinafter, aseptically cultivar is inoculated into cultivating bag to cultivating bag；
(d) germicidal management: the cultivating bag after inoculation is placed in 20-23 DEG C, under the conditions of humidity 50-70%, culture is protected from light, to mycelia
After long purseful, continue culture 6-8 days；
(e) take off bag earthing: cultivating bag is peeled off and is horizontally arranged, earthing, thickness of earth covering 2-4cm, then earthing is sprayed it is permeable,
Again by cultivating bag exposure position again earthing, thickness of earth covering is 2-4cm again；
(f) management of producing mushroom: the cultivating bag local environment temperature after control earthing is 10-24 DEG C, and avoids direct sunlight, at interval of
A period of time sprays water on charge level, and is aerated daily, and it is 80- that air humidity is controlled after mushroom flower bud covers with charge level
90%, continue culture 6-10 days, is then harvested.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (a), big fat mushroom mother culture media
Raw material including following parts by weight:
15-25 parts of maltose, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 0.2-0.8 parts of calcium sulfate, 15-25 parts of agar powder, water 900-1100g.
3. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (a), expand numerous culture and inoculated and cultured
The culture medium of use includes the raw material of following parts by weight:
45-55 parts of dry cow dung, 25-35 parts of hardwood sawdust, 15-20 parts of cotton seed hulls, 2-3.5 parts of wheat bran, calcium sulfate 0.02-0.08
Part, 170-200 parts of water.
4. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (b), culture material includes following weight
The raw material of part:
45-55 parts of dry cow dung, 35-45 parts of corncob, 7-8 parts of cotton seed hulls, 2-3 parts of wheat bran, 0.02-0.08 parts of calcium sulfate, water
170-200 parts.
5. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (b), culture material includes following weight
The raw material of part:
50 parts of dry cow dung, 40 parts of corncob, 7.45 parts of cotton seed hulls, 2.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.05 part of calcium sulfate, 185 parts of water.
6. -5 any cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cultivating bag is (15-19) × (30-
36) Polypropylene Bag.
7. -5 any cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (f), at interval of 3-5 days
It sprays water on charge level, water spray is drenched to charge level every time.
8. -5 any cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (f), divulge information 1-3 daily
Secondary, each ventilation time is 20-40min.
9. -5 any cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the big fat mushroom strain expands numerous season and is
June.
10. -5 any cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the big fat mushroom parent species are preservation volume
Number be ACCC50034 bacterial strain.
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