WO2018070408A1 - 土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物 - Google Patents
土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018070408A1 WO2018070408A1 PCT/JP2017/036784 JP2017036784W WO2018070408A1 WO 2018070408 A1 WO2018070408 A1 WO 2018070408A1 JP 2017036784 W JP2017036784 W JP 2017036784W WO 2018070408 A1 WO2018070408 A1 WO 2018070408A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- civil engineering
- composition
- foaming agent
- engineering construction
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Classifications
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- C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/32—Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/02—Alkyl sulfonates or sulfuric acid ester salts derived from monohydric alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/42—Ethers, e.g. polyglycol ethers of alcohols or phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/40—Surface-active agents, dispersants
- C04B2103/402—Surface-active agents, dispersants anionic
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/40—Surface-active agents, dispersants
- C04B2103/406—Surface-active agents, dispersants non-ionic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
- C04B2111/0062—Gypsum-paper board like materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00637—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as glue or binder for uniting building or structural materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a foaming agent composition for civil engineering materials that can be used for civil engineering materials and can form air bubbles with excellent stability.
- Bubbles are mixed into building materials such as mortar, concrete, cement milk, gypsum, ceramic porous bodies, bricks, refractories, and lightweight embankments mainly for weight reduction.
- bubbles are used to reduce the excavation resistance and wear of the cutter head and to improve the workability of excavated soil transport processing. Air bubbles are also used for excavation.
- a foaming agent is used to generate bubbles used in such a civil engineering material.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-313060 discloses a hydraulic composition containing an alkyl ether sulfate ester salt having a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in a specific weight ratio.
- a foaming agent is disclosed.
- JP-A-2015-168929 a foaming agent aqueous solution in which a hydrophobic film agent is solubilized with a water-soluble solvent and further mixed with an anionic surfactant is foamed at a foaming ratio of 10 to 50 times.
- a bubble shield construction method is disclosed in which bubbles are generated and the bubbles are injected into the soil of the face and the soil in the chamber of the shield machine to form a bubble mixed soil.
- the present invention provides a foaming agent composition for civil engineering materials that can form bubbles with excellent stability applied to civil engineering materials.
- the present invention includes an anionic surfactant (A) [hereinafter referred to as component (A)], a surfactant assistant (B) [hereinafter referred to as component (B)], and a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant (C ) [Hereinafter referred to as the component (C)].
- A anionic surfactant
- B surfactant assistant
- C water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials which can form the bubble excellent in stability applied to civil engineering construction materials is provided. Bubbles used in the field of civil engineering materials are required to be stable until mixed with civil engineering materials. Moreover, since it is mixed with inorganic materials such as earth and sand and hydraulic powder, it is also required to be stable in a mixed system with such materials.
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering materials of the present invention can form stable bubbles that meet such requirements.
- the component (A) is an anionic surfactant.
- the anionic surfactant is preferably water-soluble.
- being water-soluble means that the solubility in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. is 1.0 g or more.
- the solubility is preferably 2 g or more, more preferably 3 g or more, from the viewpoint of improving solubility and efficiently expressing the surface activity.
- Examples of the component (A) include an anionic surfactant having an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of improving foamability.
- the anionic surfactant having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms is, for example, an alkyl having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of improving foamability and availability.
- an alkenyl sulfonic acid an alkyl or alkenyl sulfate having an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group, an olefin sulfonic acid having an olefin having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or One or more selected from polyoxyalkylene alkyl or alkenyl ether sulfates having an alkenyl group, polyoxyalkylene alkyls having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or polyoxyalkylene alkyl or alkenyl ether carboxylic acids having an alkenyl group, and salts thereof.
- the anionic surfactant having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms preferably has an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of improving foamability and availability.
- salts of these anionic surfactants include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts, ammonium salts, and organic ammonium salts.
- the polyoxyalkylene alkyl or alkenyl ether sulfate ester (hereinafter also referred to as AES) having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms has an average number of added moles of from the viewpoint of improving foamability and water solubility. Those having 5 to 50 oxyalkylene groups are preferred. Examples of the oxyalkylene group include an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, a block and / or a random addition thereof, and an oxyethylene group is preferable from the viewpoint of water solubility.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group or alkenyl group of the AES is 8 or more and 22 or less, preferably 10 or more, more preferably 12 or more, and preferably 16 or less, from the viewpoint of forming water-soluble and fine bubbles. Preferably it is 14 or less.
- the average added mole number of the oxyalkylene group of AES is 0.5 or more and 50 or less, preferably 1 or more, and preferably 25 or less, more preferably 15 or less, from the viewpoint of forming stable bubbles.
- it is 10 or less, More preferably, it is 5 or less, More preferably, it is 3 or less.
- the polyoxyalkylene alkyl or alkenyl ether carboxylic acid having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms (hereinafter also referred to as ether carboxylic acid) has an average added mole number from the viewpoint of improving foamability and water solubility. Those having an oxyalkylene group of 0.5 to 50 are preferred. Examples of the oxyalkylene group include an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, a block and / or a random addition thereof, and an oxyethylene group is preferable from the viewpoint of water solubility.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group or alkenyl group of the ether carboxylic acid is 8 or more and 22 or less, preferably 10 or more, more preferably 12 or more, and preferably 22 or less, from the viewpoint of forming water-soluble and fine bubbles. More preferably, it is 18 or less.
- the average added mole number of the oxyalkylene group of the ether carboxylic acid is 0.5 or more and 50 or less, preferably 1 or more, and preferably 25 or less, more preferably 15 or less, from the viewpoint of forming stable bubbles. More preferably, it is 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, and still more preferably 1 or less.
- Component (A) is a polyoxyalkylene alkyl or alkenyl ether sulfate ester having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a salt thereof from the viewpoint of water solubility, hard water resistance, foaming property, and safety. More preferred.
- the component (B) is a surfactant aid.
- the said surface active assistant means what improves the surface active ability of (A) component, when the surface active ability of itself is low, but when used together with said (A) component.
- C8-C22 hydrocarbon derivative is mentioned, for example.
- examples of the hydrocarbon derivatives include higher alcohols and higher fatty acids.
- the component (B) is preferably water-insoluble or hardly water-soluble from the viewpoint of forming stable bubbles.
- water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble means that the solubility in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. is 0.1 g or less.
- the solubility is preferably 0.05 g or less, more preferably 0.01 g or less, from the viewpoint of efficiently improving the surface activity.
- the melting point of the component (B) is preferably higher than the melting point of the component (C) described later from the viewpoint of forming stable bubbles.
- the melting point of the component (B) is preferably 5 ° C. or higher, more preferably 10 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 15 ° C. or higher.
- the component (B) is preferably one or more compounds selected from monohydric alcohols having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of forming stable bubbles.
- the carbon number of the monohydric alcohol or the fatty acid is 8 or more and 22 or less, preferably 10 or more, more preferably 12 or more, from the viewpoints of water insolubility, bubble stability, safety, and improvement of the rigidity of the bubble film. And preferably 16 or less, more preferably 14 or less.
- Examples of the monohydric alcohol having 8 or more and 22 or less carbon atoms include octanol, decanol, dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, and the like, more preferably from the viewpoint of forming more stable bubbles. They are decanol, dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, and octadecanol. Two or more of these may be used in combination.
- Examples of the fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms include octanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid. Two or more of these may be used in combination.
- the component (B) has 8 or more carbon atoms, further 10 or more, further 12 or more, and 22 or less, and further 16 or less from the viewpoint of water insolubility, bubble stability, compatibility with the component (A) and product liquidity.
- 14 or less monohydric alcohol is preferable.
- Component (C) is a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant.
- being water-insoluble or hardly water-soluble means that the solubility in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. is 0.1 g or less.
- the solubility is preferably 0.05 g or less, more preferably 0.01 g or less, from the viewpoint of efficiently improving the surface activity.
- the melting point of the component (C) is preferably lower than the melting point of the component (B) described above from the viewpoint of forming stable bubbles.
- the melting point of the component (C) is preferably less than 5 ° C, more preferably 3 ° C or less.
- water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant (C) component examples include nonionic surfactants having an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms.
- a nonionic surfactant which has a C5-C22 alkyl group or an alkenyl group a polyether compound and / or a polyol are mentioned, for example.
- polyether compound having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms examples include polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether, poly (propylene / ethylene) glycol monoalkyl ether, polypropylene glycol fatty acid ester, poly (propylene / ethylene) glycol fatty acid Examples include esters.
- a polyether compound having an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 8 or more and 22 or less carbon atoms is also preferable from the viewpoint of improving bubble stability and improving bubble rigidity.
- the polyether compound has one alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms and 22 or less, preferably 18 or less, and the average added mole number of the oxyalkylene group is 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more. And it is preferably 10 or less, preferably 8 or less, more preferably 7 or less. From the viewpoint of improving water insolubility, polyether compounds containing many oxypropylene groups as oxyalkylene groups are preferred. Specifically, the ratio of the average number of moles added of oxypropylene groups / the average number of moles added of all oxyalkylene groups is preferably 50% or more.
- the polyether compound having an oxypropylene group is preferably a polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether having one alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of forming stable bubbles, and an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
- Polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ethers having an average addition mole number of oxypropylene of 1 to 10 are more preferred.
- Examples of the polyol having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms include 1,2-diols such as glyceryl ether, 1,2-dodecanediol, 1,2-tetradecanediol, and glycerin fatty acid ester. Sorbitan fatty acid ester, alkyl glucoside, sucrose fatty acid ester and the like.
- a glyceryl ether having an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms more preferably an alkyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group or alkenyl group bonded to the polyol, particularly glyceryl ether, is 5 or more, preferably 8 or more from the viewpoint of improving water insolubility, and 22 or less, preferably from the viewpoint of blending stability. 18 or less.
- the component (C) has one alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and the average added mole number of oxypropylene is 1 to 10 in terms of improving bubble stability and improving bubble rigidity.
- One or more water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactants selected from polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether and alkyl monoglyceryl ether having one alkyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms are preferred.
- Component (C) is one or more water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble substances selected from alkyl monoglyceryl ethers having one alkyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of improving bubble stability and improving bubble rigidity. Nonionic surfactants are more preferred.
- Patent Document 2 a hydrophobic film agent such as a higher alcohol is solubilized in water with a water-soluble solvent.
- the water-soluble solvent is water-soluble, it is a highly hydrophobic higher alcohol in water coexisting products. In order to make it solubilized, it is necessary to add a large amount to the product, and there is a problem in that the foam stability is impaired when bubbles are generated.
- the component (C) used in the present invention has a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group in the molecule and is difficult to dissolve in water and oil, the component (A) and the component (B) When blended in a system containing, it is easy to arrange at the micelle interface, the component (B) can be blended stably, and further has the effect of enhancing foaming properties and bubble rigidity.
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering and construction materials of the present invention is 100% by mass of the total of component (A), component (B) and component (C) from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient foaming properties for component (A).
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction material of the present invention is preferably (B) component, from the viewpoint of bubble stability, with the total of (A) component, (B) component and (C) component being 100% by mass. Is 2.5% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more, further preferably 5% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 16% by mass or less, still more preferably 13% by mass or less. To do.
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering and construction materials of the present invention comprises (C) component, from the viewpoint of foam increase and solubility of (B) component, of (A) component, (B) component and (C) component.
- the total is 100% by mass, preferably 2.5% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more, further preferably 5% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 16% by mass or less, Preferably it contains 13 mass% or less.
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering and construction materials of the present invention has a mass ratio (B) / (A) of the component (A) to the component (B), preferably 0.03 or more. More preferably, it is 0.06 or more, More preferably, it is 0.08 or more, Preferably it is 0.20 or less, More preferably, it is 0.18 or less, More preferably, it is 0.15 or less.
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering materials of the present invention preferably contains water.
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction material of the present invention include a foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction material containing (A) component, (B) component, (C) component, and water.
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering and construction materials of the present invention preferably comprises water, preferably 30% by mass or more, preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, still more preferably 60% by mass or more, and preferably Is 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, and still more preferably 85% by mass or less.
- the total content of (A) component, (B) component, and (C) component The amount can be 5 mass% or more and 70 mass% or less.
- the component (A) is previously dissolved in water and then mixed with the component (B) and the component (C).
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials of the present invention optionally comprises a thickener, a chelating agent, a heavy metal scavenger, a surfactant, a rust inhibitor, a preservative, a colorant, a fragrance, an antifoaming agent, a solvent, A dispersant, a flocculant, a water-soluble polymer, and the like are used.
- Civil engineering construction materials targeted by the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials of the present invention include lightweight milk (bubble milk, air milk), lightweight mortar (bubble mortar, air mortar), lightweight concrete (cellular concrete, air concrete). , Backfilling fillers, filling fillers, concrete blocks for construction, ALC (lightweight cellular concrete), grout materials, porous ceramics, bricks, refractories, lightweight embankments, mortar for pumping and the like. These civil engineering materials are expected to be provided with functions such as weight reduction, fluidity improvement, heat insulation, heat resistance, viscosity provision, and fluidity control by mixing bubbles.
- the foaming agent composition of the present invention can be a foaming composition for a hydraulic composition, for example.
- the foaming agent composition of the present invention can be a foaming agent composition for gypsum slurry.
- the component (A) is preferably an alkyl or alkenyl sulfate having an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the foaming agent composition of the present invention is a lightweight hydraulic composition such as lightweight milk (bubble milk, air milk), lightweight mortar (bubble mortar, air mortar), lightweight concrete (cellular concrete, air concrete), etc. It can be used as a foaming agent composition.
- concentration of component (A), component (B), and component (C) is 0.05% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less (in terms of solid content).
- the total content of the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) in the aqueous solution is more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 1.5% by mass or less, and still more preferably.
- a method for producing a hydraulic composition is preferable because such a foaming agent composition is foamed and a hydraulic substance is blended as a foam to blend and reduce the weight so that uniform bubbles are entrained.
- the foaming agent composition or a dilute aqueous solution of the foaming agent may be directly kneaded into paste, slurry, mortar, or concrete using cement or gypsum as a hydraulic substance.
- the method for adding the foaming agent composition of the present invention to the hydraulic composition is not limited, and the method for foaming the diluted aqueous solution of the foaming agent composition is not limited.
- hydraulic composition using the foaming agent composition of the present invention those containing cement, gypsum or a mixture thereof are suitable, for example, lightweight cement paste, lightweight mortar, lightweight concrete, gypsum. A board etc. are mentioned.
- the density (apparent density) of these hydraulic compositions is preferably 0.5 to 2 (g / cm 3 ).
- a foam obtained by foaming a liquid composition containing the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction material of the present invention and water, and containing a foam for the civil engineering construction material containing the hydraulic composition A hydraulic composition is provided.
- civil engineering construction materials comprising hydraulic powder, water, an anionic surfactant (A), a surfactant assistant (B), and a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant (C).
- a foam-containing hydraulic composition is provided.
- the mass ratio of water / hydraulic powder is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.15 or more, and preferably 1.0 or less. Preferably it is 0.8 or less.
- Examples of the hydraulic powder include cement and gypsum, and preferably contain cement.
- the foam-containing hydraulic composition for civil engineering materials can contain fine aggregates and / or coarse aggregates. These foam-containing hydraulic compositions for civil engineering materials can contain admixtures and admixtures known in the art.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a foam-containing hydraulic composition for civil engineering materials, comprising the following steps 1 and 2.
- Step 1 The process of foaming the liquid composition containing the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials of this invention, and water, and obtaining foam.
- ⁇ Process 2> A step of mixing the foam obtained in step 1 with a hydraulic composition containing hydraulic powder and water.
- the expansion ratio of the liquid composition is preferably 5 times or more, more preferably 10 times or more, and preferably 100 times or less, more preferably 80 times, although it depends on the use of the hydraulic composition. Is less than double.
- the foam is preferably 5% by volume or more, more preferably 10% by volume or more, and preferably 100% by volume or less based on the hydraulic composition. More preferably, 80% by volume or less is mixed.
- admixtures and admixtures known in the art can be mixed in Step 1 and / or Step 2.
- the present invention also provides water containing bubbles by mixing hydraulic powder, water, an anionic surfactant (A), a surfactant assistant (B), and a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant (C).
- A anionic surfactant
- B surfactant assistant
- C water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant
- A anionic surfactant
- B surfactant assistant
- C water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant
- a foam-containing gypsum slurry for a civil engineering construction material comprising foam obtained by foaming a liquid composition containing the foaming composition for civil engineering construction material of the present invention and water, and gypsum.
- a bubble-containing gypsum for civil engineering construction materials containing gypsum, water, an anionic surfactant (A), a surfactant auxiliary agent (B), and a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant (C).
- a slurry is provided.
- aerated gypsum slurries for civil engineering materials have a water / gypsum mass ratio of preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, and preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass. It is as follows.
- This foam-containing gypsum slurry for civil engineering construction materials is suitable for gypsum boards.
- Gypsum uses any type of gypsum such as high-quality neutralized gypsum, phosphate gypsum that is a byproduct of phosphoric acid, flue gas desulfurization gypsum generated by thermal power generation, natural gypsum containing various impurities and clay, and mixtures I can do it.
- the clay contained in gypsum is mainly composed of a hydrous silicate mineral with a layered structure (hereinafter referred to as clay mineral).
- the clay mineral contained in this clay as a fine-grained mineral is kaolin mineral (kaori).
- serpentine lizardite, antigolite, chrysotile
- mica clay mineral illite, sericite, sea green stone, ceradonite
- chlorite vermiculite
- smectite montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite
- Saponite hectorite
- Examples of gypsum include anhydrous gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, and dihydrate gypsum.
- As the raw material gypsum natural gypsum, chemical gypsum such as neutralized gypsum or by-product gypsum, or a mixture of two or more types thereof can be used.
- main chemical gypsum include phosphate gypsum, hydrofluoric acid gypsum, titanium gypsum, and flue gas desulfurization gypsum.
- the raw gypsum may include recycled gypsum.
- the recycled gypsum may be any recycled gypsum that is recovered from waste gypsum board generated by a gypsum board manufacturer, waste gypsum board generated at the time of new construction or dismantling, and the like.
- the present invention can be suitably used for any of these raw material gypsum, and an excellent effect can be obtained for those blended at various ratios.
- the additive used for gypsum boards etc. can be used. Examples of such additives include general-purpose water reducing agents, antifoaming agents, foam stabilizers, curing modifiers, water repellents, adhesives, retarders, etc., and glass fibers, carbon fibers, waste paper, virgin pulp as reinforcing fibers. Or a gypsum board is made together with pearlite, foamed steel or the like, which is a lightweight aggregate.
- This invention provides the manufacturing method of the bubble containing gypsum slurry for civil engineering construction materials including the following processes 1 and 2.
- ⁇ Step 1> The process of foaming the liquid composition containing the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials of this invention, and water, and obtaining foam.
- ⁇ Process 2> A step of mixing the foam obtained in step 1 with a gypsum slurry containing gypsum and water.
- the gypsum slurry for civil engineering construction materials described above can be prepared by this manufacturing method. Steps 1 and 2 can be performed according to the above-described method for producing the foam-containing hydraulic composition for civil engineering materials.
- the foaming agent composition of this invention can be made into the foaming agent composition for bubble shield methods, for example.
- the component (A) is preferably an alkyl or alkenyl sulfate having an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the concentration of the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) is 0.05% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less (in terms of solid content). It is preferable to use it as an aqueous solution containing.
- the total content of the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) in the aqueous solution is more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 1.5% by mass or less, and still more preferably. Is 1.0 mass% or less.
- the foaming agent composition for the bubble shield method of the present invention is used by injecting bubbles into the excavation surface (excavated soil wall) during the shield method.
- a method of injecting bubbles for example, a method of injecting from a nozzle in a state where pressure is applied by a pump can be applied, but the method is not limited to a specific method.
- the foaming agent composition of the present invention preferably an aqueous solution containing the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) at the above concentration is prepared and foamed.
- the foamed bubbles are sprayed on the excavation surface (excavation earth wall), the shield machine chamber or the screw conveyor, and kneaded with the excavation earth and sand for excavation.
- (A) component, (B) component and (C) component when the component is a powder, it is dissolved in water at an arbitrary concentration in advance) and water, respectively.
- a foaming agent composition mixing tank with a pump It transfers to a foaming agent composition mixing tank with a pump, and the diluted aqueous solution diluted to arbitrary density
- put resistance in the pipe the most commonly used are beads, donuts, cylinders, or metal scrubbing
- Compressed air and the diluted aqueous solution prepared above are flowed simultaneously (generally referred to as a foam cylinder) to create turbulent flow and foam.
- a spraying method for example, a method of spraying from a shield machine inlet to a drilling surface, a chamber, a screw conveyor, or the like while pressure is applied by a pump can be applied.
- the foaming composition of the present invention prepared in advance at the work site is preferably 10 times or more, more preferably 20 or more, with water, for example. More preferably, it can be used after being diluted to 50 or more, preferably 500 times or less, more preferably 400 times or less, and still more preferably 200 times or less.
- each component in the foaming agent so that the total content of the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) in the diluted aqueous solution falls within a predetermined range. Is set to a high concentration (for example, a concentration of 10 to 500 times).
- the foaming agent composition prepared by mixing (A) component, (B) component, (C) component and water at the construction site as necessary is used as an aqueous solution of foaming agent for foaming. You can also.
- the total concentration of the components (A), (B) and (C) in the aqueous solution is preferably 0.2% by mass or more, more preferably 0.25% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.4% by mass. More preferably, it is 0.5% by mass or more, and preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, still more preferably 2% by mass or less, and still more preferably 1% by mass or less. This concentration may be applied to an aqueous solution of another foaming agent composition used in the present invention.
- the foaming ratio at the time of use is preferably 5 times or more, and preferably 30 times or less, more preferably 20 times or less, from the viewpoint of securing foam stability for effectively fluidizing earth and sand.
- the expansion ratio means the ratio of the air volume to the volume of the dilute aqueous solution of the foaming agent composition.
- the expansion ratio of 10 times means that 9 volumes of air is kneaded and foamed to 1 volume of the aqueous solution to 10 volumes. It means to become.
- the foam injection rate is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more, and preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less.
- the “injection rate” means the foam injection volume with respect to the natural ground volume 1 to be excavated, and the injection rate 15% means that 0.15 volume of foam is injected into the natural ground volume 1. .
- the foaming agent composition for civil engineering materials of the present invention the foam-containing hydraulic composition for civil engineering materials and the production method thereof, and the foam-containing gypsum slurry for civil engineering materials of the present invention and the production thereof
- the matters described in the method can be applied as they are or after being corrected within an appropriate range in each field.
- the present invention relates to a foam-containing soil composition for civil engineering construction materials, comprising foam obtained by foaming a liquid composition containing the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials of the present invention and water, and soil.
- foam-containing soil composition for civil engineering construction materials comprising foam obtained by foaming a liquid composition containing the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials of the present invention and water, and soil.
- the present invention relates to a foam-containing soil composition for civil engineering materials, comprising soil, water, an anionic surfactant (A), a surfactant auxiliary agent (B), and a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant (C).
- A anionic surfactant
- B surfactant auxiliary agent
- C water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant
- the present invention provides a method for producing a bubble-containing soil composition for civil engineering materials, comprising the following step 1 and step 2.
- Step 1 The process of foaming the liquid composition containing the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials of this invention, and water, and obtaining foam.
- ⁇ Process 2> A step of kneading the foam obtained in step 1 and the soil.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials, comprising mixing an anionic surfactant (A), a surfactant auxiliary agent (B), and a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant (C). provide.
- A anionic surfactant
- B surfactant auxiliary agent
- C water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant
- the present invention is a foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction materials comprising a composition containing an anionic surfactant (A), a surfactant aid (B), and a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant (C). Provide the use of.
- A anionic surfactant
- B surfactant aid
- C water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic surfactant
- the present invention When producing foam for civil engineering construction materials from an anionic surfactant (A) and water, the present invention includes an anionic surfactant (A) and a surfactant auxiliary agent (B), and a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble nonionic interface.
- an active agent (C) is provided.
- the present invention provides an excavation method for excavating the ground by supplying foam obtained by foaming a liquid composition containing the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction material of the present invention and water.
- the present invention provides a foam obtained by foaming a liquid composition containing the foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction material of the present invention and water, excavating the ground, and a mixture of excavated soil and foam
- the present invention provides a method for treating excavated soil, wherein an antifoaming agent is added to the mixture to reduce the volume of the mixture after unloading from the excavation site.
- Example ⁇ Example 1 and Comparative Example 1> (1) Preparation of foaming agent composition (A) component, (B) component, and (C) component shown in Table 1 are mass ratio of Table 2 so that these total content may be 20 mass%. Mixed with water at 70 ° C. Then, it stirred for 1 hour, keeping 70 degreeC, and after confirming homogenization, it cooled to room temperature (20 degreeC) and obtained the foaming agent composition.
- Table 1-1 POE is an abbreviation for polyoxyethylene, and the numbers in parentheses are the average number of moles of oxyethylene groups added. All of the components (A) in Table 1-1 had a solubility in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. of 1.0 g or more.
- All the components (B) in Table 1-2 had a solubility in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. of 0.1 g or less and a melting point of 5 ° C. or more. Further, all of C-1 to C-4 in Table 1-3 had a solubility in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. of 0.1 g or less and a melting point of less than 5 ° C. Further, C′-1 in Table 1-3 was mixed with water at 25 ° C. in an arbitrary ratio. In Table 1-3, C′-1 that does not correspond to the component (C) is also shown in the column for the component (C) for convenience.
- the foaming agent composition of the present invention is excellent in foaming property and stability of the preparation.
- Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 The effect at the time of using the foaming agent composition prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 for air milk was evaluated. After adding water and ordinary Portland cement among the materials shown in Table 3 to the container, stirring with a hand mixer, confirming that it was uniform, add the foaming agent composition, and stirring and mixing for another minute. Air milk was prepared. The density and flow value of air milk were measured by the following methods. Moreover, the sedimentation state of the air milk surface was evaluated by the following method. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Density Air milk was filled in a stainless steel cup having an internal capacity of 400 cm 3 , and the density was calculated from the mass.
- Flow value Air milk was put into a cylinder having an inner diameter of 8 cm and a height of 8 cm, and the diameter after drawing was measured.
- Surface sedimentation Air milk was put into a mold for strength measurement specimens having an inner diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm, and the state of air milk after 24 hours at 20 ° C. was observed.
- Example 3 and Comparative Example 3> Manufacture of gypsum slurry Water added with a water reducing agent was added to a mixture of baked gypsum and dihydrate gypsum and stirred at a high speed of a hand mixer for 10 seconds. Thereafter, the foam was added to the gypsum slurry in the amount shown in Table 5 and stirred at a high speed of a hand mixer for 20 seconds.
- Mighty 150 (Kao Corporation) was used as the water reducing agent.
- the composition of the gypsum slurry was as shown in Table 5.
- the foam was produced by putting 300 mL of an aqueous solution containing the foaming agent composition having the composition shown in Table 6 at the concentration shown in Table 7 into a 1 L container and shaking for 1 minute.
- All the components (A) in Table 6 had a solubility in 100 g of water of 25 ° C. of 1.0 g or more.
- All the components (B) in Table 6 had a solubility in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. of 0.1 g or less and a melting point of 5 ° C. or more.
- All the components (C) in Table 6 had a solubility in 100 g of water of 25 ° C. of 0.1 g or less and a melting point of less than 5 ° C.
- the number in the parenthesis of the component (C) in Table 6 is the average number of added moles of the oxypropylene group.
- Example 4 (1) Manufacture of mortar
- Cement Ordinary Portland cement (density 3.16 g / cm 3 )
- Admixture Silica fume (density 2.2 g / cm 3 )
- Foaming agent composition Some foaming agent compositions prepared in Example 1
- the water binder ratio (W / B) was 20%.
- the water binder ratio (W / B) is the mass ratio of water (W) and binder (B), and the binder is usually Portland cement and silica fume.
- the fine aggregate was ordinary sand and light aggregate.
- the amount of the foaming agent composition added was as shown in Table 9.
- the addition amount of the foaming agent composition of Table 9 is the mass% of the sum total of (A) component, (B) component, and (C) component in the foaming agent composition with respect to binder.
- the foaming agent composition was mix
- the revolving rotation type mortar mixer was used for kneading the blended materials. Cement and silica fume were kneaded for 30 seconds, then kneaded water was added and kneaded for 120 seconds. After the fine aggregate was added, the mixture was further kneaded for 120 seconds to prepare a mortar containing bubbles.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
Description
モルタル、コンクリート、セメントミルク、石膏、セラミックス多孔体、レンガ、耐火物、軽量盛土などの建材に軽量化を主目的として気泡を混入することが行われている。また、気泡シールド工法では、カッターヘッドの掘削抵抗低減と摩耗低減及び掘削土運搬処理の作業性を向上させるために気泡が用いられる。また、掘削用としても気泡が用いられている。このような土木建設材料に用いる気泡を発生させるために起泡剤が使用される。
本発明は、土木建設材料に適用される安定性に優れた気泡を形成できる土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物を提供する。
土木建設材料の分野で使用される気泡は、土木建設材料と混合されるまで安定であることが要求される。また、土砂、水硬性粉体などの無機材料と混合されるため、そのような材料との混合系中で安定であることも要求される。本発明の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物は、このような要求に応える安定な気泡を形成することができる。
<土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物>
〔(A)成分〕
(A)成分は、アニオン界面活性剤である。前記アニオン界面活性剤は、水溶性であることが好ましい。ここで、水溶性であるとは、25℃の水100gに対する溶解度が1.0g以上であることをいう。前記溶解度は、溶解性向上の観点及び、効率良く界面活性能を発現する観点から、好ましくは2g以上、より好ましくは3g以上である。(A)成分としては、起泡性向上の観点から、例えば、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するアニオン界面活性剤が挙げられる。
前記炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するアニオン界面活性剤としては、起泡性向上、入手性の観点から、例えば、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するアルキル又はアルケニルスルホン酸、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するアルキル又はアルケニル硫酸エステル、オレフィンの炭素数が8以上22以下であるオレフィンスルホン酸、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するポリオキシアルキレンアルキル又はアルケニルエーテル硫酸エステル、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するポリオキシアルキレンアルキル又はアルケニルエーテルカルボン酸、及びこれらの塩から選ばれる一種以上が挙げられる。
前記炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するアニオン界面活性剤としては、起泡性向上、入手性の観点から、好ましくは、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するアルキル又はアルケニル硫酸エステル、オレフィンの炭素数が8以上22以下であるオレフィンスルホン酸、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するポリオキシアルキレンアルキル又はアルケニルエーテル硫酸エステル、及びこれらの塩から選ばれる一種以上が挙げられる。
これらアニオン界面活性剤の塩としては、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩、有機アンモニウム塩などが挙げられる。
前記AESのアルキル基又はアルケニル基の炭素数は、水溶性及び細かい気泡を形成させる観点から、8以上22以下であり、好ましくは10以上、より好ましくは12以上、そして、好ましくは16以下、より好ましくは14以下である。
前記AESのオキシアルキレン基の平均付加モル数は、安定な気泡を形成させる観点から、0.5以上50以下であり、好ましくは1以上、そして、好ましくは25以下、より好ましくは15以下、更に好ましくは10以下、より更に好ましくは5以下、より更に好ましくは3以下である。
前記エーテルカルボン酸のアルキル基又はアルケニル基の炭素数は、水溶性及び細かい気泡を形成させる観点から、8以上22以下であり、好ましくは10以上、より好ましくは12以上、そして、好ましくは22以下、より好ましくは18以下である。
前記エーテルカルボン酸のオキシアルキレン基の平均付加モル数は、安定な気泡を形成させる観点から、0.5以上50以下であり、好ましくは1以上、そして、好ましくは25以下、より好ましくは15以下、更に好ましくは10以下、より更に好ましくは5以下、より更に好ましくは1以下である。
(B)成分は、界面活性助剤である。前記界面活性助剤とは、それ自身の界面活性能は低いが、前記(A)成分と併用した場合に、(A)成分の界面活性能を向上させるものをいう。
(B)成分としては、例えば、炭素数8以上22以下の炭化水素誘導体が挙げられる。ここで、炭化水素の誘導体としては、高級アルコール、高級脂肪酸などが挙げられる。
(B)成分は、安定な気泡を形成させる観点から、水不溶性又は水難溶性であることが好ましい。ここで、水不溶性又は水難溶性であるとは、25℃の水100gに対する溶解度が0.1g以下であることをいう。前記溶解度は、効率良く界面活性能を向上させる観点から、好ましくは0.05g以下、より好ましくは0.01g以下である。
また、(B)成分の融点は、安定な気泡を形成させる観点から、後述する(C)成分の融点よりも高いことが好ましい。(B)成分の融点は、好ましくは5℃以上、より好ましくは10℃以上、更に好ましくは15℃以上である。
前記一価アルコール又は前記脂肪酸の炭素数は、水不溶解性、気泡安定性、安全性、気泡膜の剛性向上の観点から、8以上22以下であり、好ましくは10以上、より好ましくは12以上、そして、好ましくは16以下、より好ましくは14以下である。
炭素数8以上22以下の一価アルコールとしては、オクタノール、デカノール、ドデカノール、テトラデカノール、ヘキサデカノール、オクタデカノールなどが挙げられるが、より安定な気泡を形成させる観点から、より好ましくは、デカノール、ドデカノール、テトラデカノール、ヘキサデカノール、オクタデカノールである。これらは、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、炭素数8以上22以下の脂肪酸としては、オクタン酸、デカン酸、ドデカン酸、テトラデカン酸、ヘキサデカン酸などが挙げられる。これらは、2種以上を併用してもよい。
(C)成分は、水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤である。(C)成分について、水不溶性又は水難溶性であるとは、25℃の水100gに対する溶解度が0.1g以下であることをいう。前記溶解度は、効率良く界面活性能を向上させる観点から、好ましくは0.05g以下、より好ましくは0.01g以下である。
また、(C)成分の融点は、安定な気泡を形成させる観点から、前述した(B)成分の融点よりも低いことが好ましい。(C)成分の融点は、好ましくは5℃未満、より好ましくは3℃以下である。
気泡安定性の向上、気泡の剛性向上の観点からも、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するポリエーテル化合物は好ましい。
オキシプロピレン基を有するポリエーテル化合物としては、安定な気泡を形成させる観点から、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基を1つ有するポリプロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルが好ましく、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基を1つ有し、オキシプロピレンの平均付加モル数が1以上10以下であるポリプロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルがより好ましい。
(C)成分としては、気泡安定性の向上、気泡の剛性向上の観点から、炭素数5以上22以下のアルキル基を1つ有するアルキルモノグリセリルエーテルから選ばれる1種以上の水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤がより好ましい。
一方、本発明で使用する(C)成分は、分子中に疎水基と親水基を有しており、水にも油にも溶解しにくい性質を有するため、(A)成分及び(B)成分を含む系に配合した場合、ミセル界面に配列しやすく、(B)成分を安定に配合することができ、更に、起泡性及び気泡の剛性を高める効果を有するものである。
本発明の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物は、(A)成分を、十分な起泡性を得る観点から、(A)成分、(B)成分及び(C)成分の合計を100質量%として、好ましくは60質量%以上、より好ましくは70質量%以上、更に好ましくは75質量%以上、そして、好ましくは95質量%以下、より好ましくは93質量%以下、更に好ましくは90質量%以下、含有する。
(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分、及び水を含有する本発明の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物を調製する場合、(B)成分の水への溶解性の観点から、(A)成分を予め水に溶解した後に、(B)成分及び(C)成分と混合する事が好ましい。
水硬性組成物用起泡剤組成物の場合、(A)成分、(B)成分、及び(C)成分を合計で、0.05質量%以上2.0質量%以下の濃度(固形分換算)で含有する水溶液として用いるのが好ましい。該水溶液における(A)成分、(B)成分、及び(C)成分の合計の含有量は、より好ましくは0.1質量%以上、そして、より好ましくは1.5質量%以下、より更に好ましくは1.0質量%以下である。
水硬性組成物の製造方法は、このような起泡剤組成物を発泡させ、泡沫として水硬性物質を配合して配合・軽量化する方法が均一な気泡が連行する事から好ましい。起泡剤組成物又は起泡剤の希釈水溶液として、直接セメントや石膏を水硬性物質としたペースト、スラリー、モルタル、コンクリートに練り込んでもよい。本発明の起泡剤組成物を水硬性組成物に添加する方法については限定するものではなく、また起泡剤組成物の希釈水溶液を泡沫化させる方法についても限定するものではない。また本発明の起泡剤組成物を用いた水硬性組成物としては、セメント、石膏類又はこれらの混合物を含有するものが好適であり、例えば、軽量化セメントペースト、軽量モルタル、軽量コンクリート、石膏ボード等が挙げられる。これら水硬性組成物の密度(見掛け密度)は0.5~2(g/cm3)であることが好ましい。
また、本発明により、水硬性粉体、水、アニオン界面活性剤(A)、界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を含有する、土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物が提供される。
これらの土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物は、水/水硬性粉体の質量比が、好ましくは0.1以上、より好ましくは0.15以上、そして、好ましくは1.0以下、より好ましくは0.8以下である。水硬性粉体は、セメント、石膏などが挙げられ、セメントを含むことが好ましい。土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物は、細骨材及び/又は粗骨材を含有することができる。これらの土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物は、当業界で公知の混和剤や混和材を含有することができる。
<工程1>
本発明の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物と水とを含有する液体組成物を起泡させて泡沫を得る工程。
<工程2>
工程1で得られた泡沫と、水硬性粉体及び水とを含有する水硬性組成物とを混合する工程。
この製造方法により前記した土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物を調製できる。工程1では、前記液体組成物の発泡倍率は、水硬性組成物の用途などにもよるが、好ましくは5倍以上、より好ましくは10倍以上、そして、好ましくは100倍以下、より好ましくは80倍以下である。工程2では、水硬性組成物の用途などにもよるが、泡沫を、水硬性組成物に対して、好ましくは5体積%以上、より好ましくは10体積%以上、そして、好ましくは100体積%以下、より好ましくは80体積%以下、混合する。この製造方法では、工程1及び/又は工程2で、当業界で公知の混和剤や混和材を混合することができる。
また、本発明により、石膏、水、アニオン界面活性剤(A)、界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を含有する、土木建設材料用気泡含有石膏スラリーが提供される。
これらの土木建設材料用気泡含有石膏スラリーは、水/石膏の質量比が、好ましくは40質量%以上、より好ましくは50質量%以上、そして、好ましくは90質量%以下、より好ましくは80質量%以下である。この土木建設材料用気泡含有石膏スラリーは、石膏ボード用として好適である。
石膏が含む粘土は、層状構造をもった含水珪酸塩鉱物(以降、粘土鉱物と呼ぶ)を主体としたものであり、この粘土中に微粒の鉱物として含まれる粘土鉱物としては、カオリン鉱物(カオリナイト、ディッカイト及びナクライト)、蛇紋石(リザーダイト、アンチゴライト、クリソタイル)、雲母粘土鉱物(イライト、セリサイト、海緑石、セラドナイト)、クロライト、バーミキュライト、スメクタイト(モンモリロナイト、バイデライト、ノントロナイト、サポナイト、ヘクトライト)が挙げられる。
本発明では、石膏ボード用等に使用される添加剤を使用できる。そのような添加剤としては汎用減水剤、消泡剤、整泡剤、硬化調整剤、撥水剤、接着剤、遅延剤などがあり、更に強化繊維としてガラス繊維、炭素繊維、古紙、バージンパルプ等を添加する、或いは、軽量骨材であるパーライト、発泡スチール等とともに石膏ボードを作製することも行なわれる。
<工程1>
本発明の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物と水とを含有する液体組成物を起泡させて泡沫を得る工程。
<工程2>
工程1で得られた泡沫と、石膏及び水とを含有する石膏スラリーとを混合する工程。
この製造方法により前記した土木建設材料用石膏スラリーを調製できる。工程1、工程2は、前記した前記した土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物の製造方法に準じて行うことができる。
気泡シールド工法用起泡剤組成物の場合、(A)成分、(B)成分、及び(C)成分を合計で、0.05質量%以上2.0質量%以下の濃度(固形分換算)で含有する水溶液として用いるのが好ましい。該水溶液における(A)成分、(B)成分、及び(C)成分の合計の含有量は、より好ましくは0.1質量%以上、そして、より好ましくは1.5質量%以下、より更に好ましくは1.0質量%以下である。
本発明の起泡剤組成物、好ましくは前記濃度で(A)成分、(B)成分、及び(C)成分を含有する水溶液を調製し、発泡させる。
次に、発泡させた気泡を掘削面(掘削土壁)、シールドマシンチャンバー内又はスクリュウコンベア内に吹付け、掘削土砂と混練させて掘削する。
気泡を発生させる方法としては、(A)成分、(B)成分及び(C)成分(成分が粉末の場合は、予め任意の濃度に水で溶解しておく。)と水を、各々の専用ポンプにて起泡剤組成物混合タンクに移送し、起泡剤組成物タンクにて任意の濃度に希釈された希釈水溶液を調製する。次に、配管の中に抵抗となるもの(一般的によく使用されるものは、ビーズ状、ドーナツ状、円柱状又は金たわし状の物)を入れ、その抵抗となる物の入った配管(一般的に発泡筒という)に圧縮空気と前記にて作製された希釈水溶液を同時に流し乱流を作り、発泡させる。
吹き付ける方法としては、例えば、ポンプにより圧力をかけた状態で、シールドマシン注入口から掘削面、チャンバ内又はスクリュウコンベア等に噴射する方法を適用することができる。
本発明の気泡シールド工法用起泡剤組成物を使用するときは、予め調製した本発明の起泡剤組成物を、作業現場において、水で例えば、好ましくは10倍以上、より好ましくは20以上、更に好ましくは50以上、そして、好ましくは500倍以下、より好ましくは400倍以下、更に好ましくは200倍以下に希釈して使用することができる。この場合、希釈倍率を考慮して、希釈後の水溶液中の(A)成分、(B)成分及び(C)成分の合計含有量が所定の範囲となるように、起泡剤中の各成分の濃度を高濃度(例えば10~500倍濃度)としておく。
また、必要に応じて施工現場にて(A)成分と(B)成分と(C)成分と水とを混合して調製した起泡剤組成物を、発泡させる起泡剤の水溶液として使用することもできる。
前記水溶液中の(A)成分と(B)成分と(C)成分の合計濃度は、好ましくは0.2質量%以上、より好ましくは0.25質量%以上、更に好ましくは0.4質量%以上、更により好ましくは0.5質量%以上、そして、好ましくは10質量%以下、より好ましくは5質量%以下、更に好ましくは2質量%以下、より更に好ましくは1質量%以下である。この濃度は、本発明で用いる、他の起泡剤組成物の水溶液に適用してよい。また、本発明で用いる、他の起泡剤組成物の水溶液の濃度を、前記水溶液に適用してよい。
使用時の発泡倍率は、土砂を効果的に流動化させるための泡安定性を確保する観点から、好ましくは5倍以上、そして、好ましくは30倍以下、より好ましくは20倍以下である。なお発泡倍率とは、気泡剤組成物の希釈水溶液の容積に対する空気容積の比率を意味し、例えば、発泡倍率10倍とは、水溶液1容積に対して空気9容積を混練発泡して10容積になることを意味する。ここでいう空気の容積は、掘削する地山に作用する圧力下での容積である。よって、ボイルの法則(PV=P’V’)に則り、大気圧下から供給する空気量は、圧力に応じて変化する。
<工程1>
本発明の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物と水とを含有する液体組成物を起泡させて泡沫を得る工程。
<工程2>
工程1で得られた泡沫と土壌とを混練する工程。
<実施例1及び比較例1>
(1)起泡剤組成物の調製
表1に示す(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分を、これらの合計含有量が20質量%となるように、表2の質量比で水と70℃で混合した。その後、70℃を保ちながら1時間撹拌し、均一化を確認後、室温(20℃)に冷却して起泡剤組成物を得た。
表1-1中、POEはポリオキシエチレンの略であり、カッコ内の数字はオキシエチレン基の平均付加モル数である。
表1-1の(A)成分は、全て、25℃の水に100gに対する溶解度が1.0g以上であった。
表1-2の(B)成分は、全て、25℃の水に100gに対する溶解度が0.1g以下であり、融点が5℃以上であった。
また、表1-3のC-1~C-4は、全て、25℃の水に100gに対する溶解度が0.1g以下であり、融点が5℃未満であった。
また、表1-3のC’-1は、25℃の水に対して任意の割合で混合した。なお、表1-3では、(C)成分に該当しないC’-1も便宜的に(C)成分の欄に示した。
得られた起泡剤組成物を、室温(20℃)で24時間静置後、外観を目視により確認し、以下の基準で評価した。結果を表2に示した。
均一:含有成分の分層や析出物の浮上や沈降が無く、目視でどの部分も同じように見えている状態。濁っている場合も含む。
分離あり:析出物の浮上や沈降が生じており、目視で不均一であることがわかり、均一な採取が出来ないような状態。
(A)成分、(B)成分及び(C)成分の合計含有量が20質量%(残部は水)の起泡剤組成物1質量部と水99質量部とからなる起泡剤組成物の希釈水溶液を、ポンプ式泡吐出容器(ビオレu泡ハンドソープ(花王株式会社)の容器、実測値より発泡倍率12倍)を用いて発泡させた。発生させた気泡200mLを、ふた付きメスシリンダーに充填した後に静置し、60分後の排液量d[mL]を測定し、下記の式により泡安定度を求め、泡安定性を評価した。泡安定度の値は、高いほど泡の安定性に優れることを意味する。試験は周囲温度20℃で行った。結果を表2に示した。
泡安定度=(1-d/16.7)×100[%]
実施例1及び比較例1で調製した起泡剤組成物を、エアミルクに使用した場合の効果を評価した。
容器に、表3に示した材料の内、水と普通ポルトランドセメントを投入後、ハンドミキサーで撹拌し、均一になったことを確認後、起泡剤組成物を加え、更に1分間攪拌混合してエアミルクを調製した。エアミルクの密度とフロー値を下記の方法で測定した。また、エアミルクの表面の沈降状態を、以下の方法で評価した。結果を表4に示した。
内容量400cm3のステンレスカップにエアミルクを充填して、質量から密度を計算した。
(2)フロー値
内径8cm、高さ8cmのシリンダーにエアミルクを入れ、引き抜き後の直径を測定した。
(3)表面の沈降
エアミルクを、内径5cm、高さ10cmの強度測定供試体用の型に入れ、20℃、24時間後のエアミルクの状態を観察した。
(1)石膏スラリーの製造
減水剤を加えた水を、焼き石膏と二水石膏の混合物に加え、ハンドミキサーの高速で10秒間撹拌した。その後、泡沫を表5の量で石膏スラリーに加え、ハンドミキサーの高速で20秒間撹拌した。
ここで、減水剤は、マイテイ150(花王株式会社)を用いた。
また、石膏スラリーの配合は、表5の通りとした。
また、泡沫は、表6の組成の起泡剤組成物を表7の濃度で含有する水溶液300mLを、1Lの容器に入れて1分間振とうして製造した。
表6の(A)成分は、全て、25℃の水に100gに対する溶解度が1.0g以上であった。
表6の(B)成分は、全て、25℃の水に100gに対する溶解度が0.1g以下であり、融点が5℃以上であった。
表6の(C)成分は、全て、25℃の水に100gに対する溶解度が0.1g以下であり、融点が5℃未満であった。なお、表6の(C)成分のカッコ内の数字は、オキシプロピレン基の平均付加モル数である。
得られた石膏スラリーを直径5cm、高さ10cmの円柱供試体用の型枠に投入した。室温で30分静置後、60℃で4時間乾燥させ、硬化後の供試体質量を測定し、密度を算出した。密度が小さいほど硬化体中の気泡の混入量が多いこと、つまり硬化中の気泡の消失が少ないことを意味する。結果を表7に示した。
(1)モルタルの製造
下記の材料を用いて表8の配合A又は配合Bのモルタルを調製した。
<材料>
セメント:普通ポルトランドセメント(密度3.16g/cm3)
混和材:シリカフューム(密度2.2g/cm3)
細骨材(普通砂):君津産陸砂(表乾密度2.61g/cm3)
細骨材(軽量骨材):人工軽量骨材(真密度0.69g/cm3、平均粒径250μm)
混和剤:高性能AE減水剤 マイテイ21VS(花王株式会社製)
起泡剤組成物:実施例1で調製した一部の起泡剤組成物
JIS A 1108に則り、モルタルを型枠に採り、24時間後に脱型し、硬化体の空気量、比重、及び強度を測定した。結果を表9に示した。
硬化体の空気量は、比重からの計算で求めた。
硬化体の比重は、供試体の気中質量と体積から計算した。
硬化体の強度は、圧縮試験機で測定を行った。
Claims (27)
- アニオン界面活性剤(A)、界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を含有する土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- アニオン界面活性剤(A)が、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するアニオン界面活性剤である、請求項1記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- アニオン界面活性剤(A)が、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するアルキル又はアルケニルスルホン酸、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するアルキル又はアルケニル硫酸エステル、オレフィンの炭素数が8以上22以下であるオレフィンスルホン酸、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するポリオキシアルキレンアルキル又はアルケニルエーテル硫酸エステル、炭素数8以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するポリオキシアルキレンアルキル又はアルケニルエーテルカルボン酸、及びこれらの塩から選ばれる一種以上である、請求項1又は2記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 界面活性助剤(B)が、炭素数8以上22以下の炭化水素誘導体である、請求項1~3の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 界面活性助剤(B)が、炭素数8以上22以下の一価アルコール、及び炭素数8以上22以下の脂肪酸から選ばれる一種以上の化合物である、請求項1~4の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 界面活性助剤(B)が、炭素数8以上22以下の一価アルコールである、請求項1~5の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)が、炭素数5以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するノニオン界面活性剤である、請求項1~6の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)が、炭素数5以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するポリエーテル化合物及び/又はポリオールである、請求項1~7の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)が、炭素数5以上22以下のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有するグリセリルエーテルである、請求項1~8の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- アニオン界面活性剤(A)を、(A)、(B)及び(C)の合計を100質量%として、60質量%以上95質量%以下含有する、請求項1~9の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 界面活性助剤(B)を、(A)、(B)及び(C)の合計を100質量%として、2.5質量%以上20質量%以下含有する、請求項1~10の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を、(A)、(B)及び(C)の合計を100質量%として、2.5質量%以上20質量%以下含有する、請求項1~11の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- (B)と(A)との質量比(B)/(A)が0.03以上0.20以下である、請求項1~12の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 水を含有する、請求項1~13の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物。
- 請求項1~14の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物と水とを含有する液体組成物を起泡させて得られた泡沫、及び水硬性組成物を含有する、土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物。
- 水硬性粉体、水、アニオン界面活性剤(A)、界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を含有する、土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物。
- 次の工程1及び工程2を含む、土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物。
<工程1>
請求項1~14の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物と水とを含有する液体組成物を起泡させて泡沫を得る工程。
<工程2>
工程1で得られた泡沫と、水硬性粉体及び水を含有する水硬性組成物とを混合する工程。 - 水硬性粉体、水、アニオン界面活性剤(A)、界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を混合して気泡を含む水硬性組成物を調製する、土木建設材料用気泡含有水硬性組成物の製造方法。
- 請求項1~14の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物と水とを含有する液体組成物を起泡させて得られた泡沫、及び石膏を含有する、土木建設材料用気泡含有石膏スラリー。
- 石膏、水、アニオン界面活性剤(A)、界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を含有する、土木建設材料用気泡含有石膏スラリー。
- 次の工程1及び工程2を含む、土木建設材料用気泡含有石膏スラリーの製造方法。
<工程1>
請求項1~14の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物と水とを含有する液体組成物を起泡させて泡沫を得る工程。
<工程2>
工程1で得られた泡沫と、石膏及び水を含有する石膏スラリーとを混合する工程。 - 請求項1~14の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物と水とを含有する液体組成物を起泡させて得られた泡沫、及び土壌を含有する、土木建設材料用気泡含有土壌組成物。
- 土壌、水、アニオン界面活性剤(A)、界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を含有する、土木建設材料用気泡含有土壌組成物。
- 次の工程1及び工程2を含む、土木建設材料用気泡含有土壌組成物の製造方法。
<工程1>
請求項1~14の何れか1項記載の土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物と水とを含有する液体組成物を起泡させて泡沫を得る工程。
<工程2>
工程1で得られた泡沫と土壌とを混練する工程。 - アニオン界面活性剤(A)、界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を混合する、土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物の製造方法。
- アニオン界面活性剤(A)、界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を含有する組成物の、土木建設材料用起泡剤組成物としての使用。
- アニオン界面活性剤(A)と水とから土木建設材料用泡沫を製造する際に、アニオン界面活性剤(A)と共に界面活性助剤(B)、及び水不溶性又は水難溶性ノニオン界面活性剤(C)を用いる、土木建設材料用泡沫の安定化方法。
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SG11201901484TA SG11201901484TA (en) | 2016-10-12 | 2017-10-11 | Foaming agent composition for civil engineering-construction materials |
US16/341,702 US20200038827A1 (en) | 2016-10-12 | 2017-10-11 | Foaming agent composition for civil engineering-construction materials |
AU2017341561A AU2017341561A1 (en) | 2016-10-12 | 2017-10-11 | Foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction material |
EP17859613.6A EP3527544B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 | 2017-10-11 | Foaming agent composition for civil engineering construction material |
KR1020197000087A KR102401619B1 (ko) | 2016-10-12 | 2017-10-11 | 토목 건설 재료용 기포제 조성물 |
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KR (1) | KR102401619B1 (ja) |
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JP2003313060A (ja) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-11-06 | Kao Corp | 水硬性組成物用起泡剤 |
JP2009013017A (ja) * | 2007-07-05 | 2009-01-22 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | コンクリート用起泡剤 |
JP2010059015A (ja) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | セメント組成物用起泡剤 |
JP2015168929A (ja) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-28 | 大成建設株式会社 | 気泡シールド工法 |
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JP2006069815A (ja) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-16 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 気泡コンクリート用起泡剤及び気泡コンクリート |
JP5346574B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-24 | 2013-11-20 | 花王株式会社 | 界面活性剤組成物 |
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JP2003313060A (ja) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-11-06 | Kao Corp | 水硬性組成物用起泡剤 |
JP2009013017A (ja) * | 2007-07-05 | 2009-01-22 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | コンクリート用起泡剤 |
JP2010059015A (ja) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | セメント組成物用起泡剤 |
JP2015168929A (ja) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-28 | 大成建設株式会社 | 気泡シールド工法 |
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AU2017341561A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
EP3527544A1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
US20200038827A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
KR102401619B1 (ko) | 2022-05-24 |
SG11201901484TA (en) | 2019-04-29 |
KR20190060974A (ko) | 2019-06-04 |
JP2018062460A (ja) | 2018-04-19 |
EP3527544B1 (en) | 2022-03-02 |
EP3527544A4 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
JP6711801B2 (ja) | 2020-06-17 |
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