WO2018061870A1 - 植物体、植物体の製造方法、抵抗性付与方法、トマト、及びトマトの製造方法 - Google Patents
植物体、植物体の製造方法、抵抗性付与方法、トマト、及びトマトの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018061870A1 WO2018061870A1 PCT/JP2017/033726 JP2017033726W WO2018061870A1 WO 2018061870 A1 WO2018061870 A1 WO 2018061870A1 JP 2017033726 W JP2017033726 W JP 2017033726W WO 2018061870 A1 WO2018061870 A1 WO 2018061870A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/82—Solanaceae, e.g. pepper, tobacco, potato, tomato or eggplant
- A01H6/825—Solanum lycopersicum [tomato]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H3/00—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H3/00—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria
- A01H3/04—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria by treatment with chemicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/25—Paenibacillus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/13—Abiotic stress
- Y02A40/135—Plants tolerant to salinity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant body containing a large amount of sodium, a method for producing the plant body, a resistance imparting method for imparting resistance to pests to a plant body, a tomato and a method for producing a tomato.
- the present application is filed on September 29, 2016, Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-192096 filed in Japan, September 29, 2016, Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-191983 filed in Japan, and September 29, 2016. Furthermore, priority is claimed based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-191962 filed in Japan, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- preservatives for example, sodium chlorite aqueous solution, fumarate, acetic acid, alum and the like are known (for example, see Patent Documents 1-4).
- preservatives for example, sodium chlorite aqueous solution, fumarate, acetic acid, alum and the like are known (for example, see Patent Documents 1-4).
- excessive use of preservatives is concerned about health effects and the like, and suppression of the use of preservatives is desired.
- pests Diseases and pests that can be detrimental to plant growth are called pests, and these prevalences reduce crop yields and have significant economic losses.
- pest control of agricultural crops it is widely practiced to grow plants using agricultural chemicals.
- excessive use of pesticides is concerned about the impact on the ecology and safety of itself, and suppression of the use of pesticides is desired.
- a method for imparting resistance to pests in plants a method using a gene recombination technique (for example, see Patent Document 5) is known.
- a gene recombination technique for example, see Patent Document 5
- genetically modified plants have a problem of safety, it is preferable to impart resistance to plants without using genetic recombination techniques.
- Tomatoes are widely used for raw eating and processing. Tomatoes are often eaten raw, and those with high nutritional value and good taste and flavor are preferred. In recent years, so-called fruit tomatoes having a higher sugar content than conventional tomatoes have become popular. In addition, tomatoes cultivated in soil with high salt concentration in Kumamoto Prefecture are called salt tomatoes and are sold as high-grade tomatoes with high sugar content. However, the amount of salted tomatoes that can be harvested is limited, and the harvested amount is likely to be very unstable (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- an object of the present invention is to provide a plant body with improved shelf life and a method for producing the plant body as compared with a conventional plant body of the same kind.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an excellent method for imparting resistance to pests against plants.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a tomato that can be stably harvested and improved in flavor, and a method for producing the tomato.
- the plant according to the present invention and the method for producing the plant are the following [1] to [6].
- [1] Corresponds to the items listed in the Japanese food standard ingredient table 2015 edition (seventh revision), The plant body whose mass of sodium contained per unit mass of an edible part is 50 times or more of the value based on the statement of Japanese food standard ingredient table 2015 edition (seventh revision).
- [2] The plant according to [1], wherein sodium contained in the edible part of the fruit is 0.15% by mass or more.
- the plant according to [1] or [2], wherein the edible part of the fruit has a moisture content of 90% by mass or less.
- the resistance imparting method according to the present invention is the following [1] to [10].
- a salt tolerance imparting step for performing a salt tolerance imparting treatment in which a salt tolerance imparting agent is brought into contact with at least a part of the root of the plant body;
- a method for imparting resistance comprising imparting resistance to pests to the plant body.
- the plant Prior to the salt tolerance imparting step, the plant has an initial growth step of germinating and rooting seeds or bulbs in an environment where the sodium chloride concentration is less than 1% by mass
- Resistance imparting method Prior to the salt tolerance imparting step, the plant has an initial growth step of germinating and rooting seeds or bulbs in an environment where the sodium chloride concentration is less than 1% by mass
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment is a treatment in which at least a part of the roots of the plant body is immersed in a treatment solution containing a salt tolerance imparting agent and having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more.
- the method for imparting resistance according to any one of [1] to [3].
- the salt tolerance imparting agent is a microorganism that imparts salt tolerance to a plant body by adhering to a root,
- the concentration of the microorganisms in the processing solution is the 10 3 CFU / mL or more, the [4] or [5] resistance imparting method.
- the tomatoes and the tomato production method according to the present invention are the following [1] to [7].
- the amount of free glutamic acid is 200 mg or more (2) The amount of free aspartic acid is 40 mg or more (3) The amount of free arginine is 6 mg or more (4) The amount of free isoleucine is 6 mg or more ( 5) The amount of free alanine is 8 mg or more (6) The amount of free serine is 15 mg or more (7) The amount of free lysine is 7 mg or more (8) The amount of free histidine is 7 mg or more (9) The amount of free phenylalanine is 12 mg or more (10) The amount of free tyrosine is 4 mg or more (11) The amount of free leucine is 4 mg or more (12) The amount of free methionine is 2 mg or more (13) Free valine (14) The amount of free glycine is 2 mg or more (15) The amount of free proline is 50 mg or less (16) Free thread The amount of nin is 10 mg or more (17) The amount of free tryptophan is 2 mg or more (18) The amount of free phosphoserine is 1.2
- (1) The amount of free glutamic acid is 500 mg or more
- the amount of free aspartic acid is 100 mg or more
- the amount of free arginine is 10 mg or more
- the amount of free isoleucine is 10 mg or more ( 5)
- the amount of free alanine is 10 mg or more.
- (6) The amount of free serine is 70 mg or more.
- [5] The tomato according to [4], which satisfies 1 or 2 selected from (1) to (2).
- (1) The amount of free glutamic acid is 500 mg or more.
- (2) The amount of free aspartic acid is 100 mg or more.
- [6] The sodium contained in the edible portion of the fruit is 0.15% by mass or more [1. ]
- [7] The tomato according to any one of the above [1] to [6], wherein the water content of the edible part of the fruit is 90% by mass or less.
- [8] The tomato according to any one of the above [1] to [7], wherein the sugar level (Brix) in the edible part of the fruit is 8 or more.
- the resistance imparting method according to the present invention can impart resistance to pests to plants.
- the tomato fruit according to the present invention has a free amino acid content different from that of a conventional tomato and has a unique flavor.
- the content of free amino acids is different from that of conventional tomato fruits, and tomato fruits having a specific flavor can be obtained.
- Example 1B It is a photograph of the tomato cultivated hydroponically in Comparative Example 1B. It is a photograph of the tomato grown hydroponically in Example 1B. It is a photograph of the tomato hydroponically cultivated in Example 2B. It is a photograph of the tomato grown hydroponically in Example 3B and Comparative Example 2B.
- the plant according to the present invention corresponds to the items described in the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table 2015 Edition (7th edition), and the mass of sodium contained per unit mass of the edible part is the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table 2015 Edition. It is characterized by being 50 times or more of the value based on the description of (7th revision).
- the plant according to the present invention corresponds to the items described in the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table 2015 Edition (7th edition), and the mass of sodium contained per unit mass of the edible part is the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table 2015 Edition. It is preferably 55 to 100 times higher than the value based on the description in (Seventh Amendment), more preferably 60 to 90 times, and even more preferably 70 to 80 times.
- the sodium contained in the edible portion of the fruit is preferably 0.15% by mass or more, preferably 0.15 to 0.5% by mass, and 0.18 to 0%. More preferably, it is 4% by mass, and further more preferably 0.2 to 0.3% by mass or more.
- the amount of sodium can be measured by a known method.
- the plant according to the present invention is a raw plant that has not been processed except for cutting, and is preferably a fruit.
- the water content of the edible part of the fruit is preferably 90% by mass or less, preferably 80 to 90% by mass, and 83 to 89% by mass. Is more preferably 85 to 88% by mass.
- the water content can be measured by a known method. For example, it can be determined by a heat drying method using a commercially available dryer.
- the sugar content (Brix) in the edible part of the fruit is preferably 8 or more, preferably 8 to 20, more preferably 10 to 15, More preferably, it is 12-14.
- the sugar content can be measured by a known method. For example, it can be measured using a commercially available sugar content refractometer.
- the edible part of the fruit refers to a part obtained by removing the parts such as seeds, stalks, and seeds from the harvested fruit.
- the fruit is raw, unprocessed fruit.
- the content rate of the sodium, the water content, and the sugar content of the fruit according to the present invention can be obtained by measuring the amount in the whole edible part of the fruit.
- the plant body according to the present invention may be angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns and mosses. Further, it may be a monocotyledonous plant or a dicotyledonous plant.
- rice plants such as rice, corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, rye, barnyard millet, millet; solanaceous plants such as tomato, eggplant, paprika, pepper, potato, tobacco; Arabidopsis, oilseed rape, Cruciferous plants such asnicuna, radish, cabbage, purple cabbage, purple cabbage (petit vert), Chinese cabbage, chingensai, kale, watercress, komatsuna, broccoli, cauliflower, turnip, wasabi, mustard, etc .; cucumber, bittern, pumpkin, melon, watermelon Cucurbitaceae plants such as grapes; Grapevine plants such as grapes; Citrus plants such as lemons, oranges, navel oranges, grapefruits, mandarin oranges, limes, sud
- the degree of fruit ripening of tomato can be classified by the degree of red or pink coloring (area%) on the fruit surface, for example, green ripening period (no coloring), coloring period (up to 70% coloring), ripening period (71 Through 90% coloration) and a full maturity period (91-100% coloration).
- green ripening period no coloring
- coloring period up to 70% coloring
- ripening period 71 Through 90% coloration
- a full maturity period 91-100% coloration
- the plant according to the present invention contains sodium at the above values, it has a unique flavor. Moreover, the sodium content per mass is high, a favorable flavor can be maintained over a long period of time, and the shelf life is excellent. According to the plant according to the present invention, excellent shelf life is exhibited without treating the harvested plant with a preservative.
- the salt tolerance is imparted by the salt tolerance imparting step of performing a salt tolerance imparting treatment in which a salt tolerance imparting agent is brought into contact with at least a part of the root of the plant, and the salt tolerance imparting step. And a cultivation step of hydroponically cultivating the plant body with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more.
- the salt tolerance-imparting process imparts salt tolerance to plants with low salt tolerance by treating them with a salt tolerance-imparting agent, and can be cultivated in a very high salt concentration environment with a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more. It is a process for.
- the plant body to which salt tolerance is imparted can be hydroponically cultivated with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more by the subsequent cultivation process.
- a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more by the subsequent cultivation process By performing the salt tolerance imparting step and the cultivation step, sodium derived from sodium chloride contained in the cultivation solution is transferred to the plant, and the plant according to the present invention containing a large amount of sodium can be produced.
- Plants in the early stages of growth are less resistant to stress than plants that are fully grown and are more susceptible to environmental stress.
- rooting and germination processes are very sensitive to salt concentration.
- the plant is grown in a low salt concentration environment at the initial stage of growth, and is subjected to a salt tolerance imparting treatment after being grown to some extent.
- the ratio of the plant body to which salt tolerance is imparted by the salt tolerance imparting treatment can be remarkably increased, and seedlings that can be cultivated in a high salt concentration environment can be efficiently grown.
- the plant is grown in an environment where the sodium chloride concentration is less than 1% by mass until at least rooting and germination are completed.
- the sodium chloride concentration in the environment in which seeds and the like are grown in the initial growth step may be less than 1% by mass, and is preferably not more than the salt concentration at which a plant of the same variety as the plant growing the seedling can normally grow. It is preferable.
- the “environment in which normal growth is possible” means an environment in which the growth rate when a plurality of plants are grown is 80% or more.
- the concentration of sodium chloride in the environment in which the initial growth step is performed is preferably 0 to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0 to 0.3% by mass, and 0 to 0%. More preferably, it is 1% by mass.
- the initial growth step is performed by a general method for germinating and rooting seeds, except that an aqueous solution having a sodium chloride concentration of less than 1% by mass is used as water to be supplied to seeds or bulbs (initial growth solution). It can be carried out. Specifically, germination and rooting are performed by placing seeds or bulbs in a state where they are in contact with the initial growth solution in a temperature environment where germination and rooting are possible. For example, an initial growth solution may be periodically sprayed on seeds placed in an appropriate temperature environment, and at least a part of the surface is exposed to air in an appropriate temperature environment. The other parts may be placed in contact with the initial growth solution.
- seeds and the like can be partially brought into contact with the initial growth solution by placing it on the surface of a support carrier containing the initial growth solution.
- seeds and the like can be partially brought into contact with the initial growth solution by placing seeds or the like in an initial growth solution stored in a container so that the water depth is lower than the height of the seeds or the like.
- the supporting carrier may be any material as long as the solution for initial growth contained therein is porous enough to supply water to seeds and the like placed on the surface of the carrier. What has the porosity which can penetrate the support
- carrier for support is preferable.
- seeds are placed on the surface of a support carrier held in a cultivation pot that can be installed in a cultivation tank used for hydroponics used in the cultivation process, and germinated and rooted.
- the plant body is grown so as to extend the root downward and penetrate the support carrier, the plant body is supported while being held in the cultivation pot. By installing it in the cultivation tank, it can be grown even after the seedling stage.
- the support carrier having such a porous property may be, for example, a gel material, a fibrous material, or a granular or gravel material.
- the gel substance include polymer polysaccharides such as agar, agarose, gellan gum, alginic acid, and water-absorbing resins such as acrylic resins.
- the fibrous material include non-woven cloth, cotton, paper, rock wool, and glass wool.
- granular or gravel materials include wood chips, bark, pumice, vermiculite, sand, and the like.
- a salt tolerance imparting treatment can be performed by bringing a salt tolerance imparting agent into contact with at least a part of the roots of the grown seedlings.
- salt tolerance imparting treatment may be performed immediately after germination and rooting, the tolerance to salt stress increases as the plant grows. For this reason, it is preferable to carry out the salt tolerance imparting step after the seedling is grown for at least one week after germination, preferably about three weeks.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment can be performed by immersing at least a part of the seedling root in an aqueous solution (treatment solution) containing a salt tolerance imparting agent.
- the sodium chloride concentration of the treatment solution is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of salt tolerance imparting agent used and the type of plant body so that the salt tolerance imparting efficiency is sufficient.
- a solution obtained by mixing a salt tolerance-imparting agent with an initial growth solution may be used as a treatment solution
- a solution obtained by mixing a salt tolerance-imparting agent with a cultivation solution used in the cultivation process may be used as a treatment solution.
- a solution having a composition different from both the initial growth solution and the cultivation solution may be used as the treatment solution.
- the sodium chloride concentration of the treatment solution used in the present invention is preferably 1% by mass or more, and more preferably the same concentration as the sodium chloride concentration of the cultivation solution.
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent used in the present invention may be a drug, a microorganism, or a culture supernatant of a microorganism.
- the drug include pyrroloquinoline quinone (see Japanese Patent No. 5013326), strigolactone, and the like.
- the microorganism include Paenibacillus fuchinensis (see JP 2013-75881 A).
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent may be composed of one kind of microorganism or a mixture of two or more kinds of microorganisms.
- the concentration of the salt tolerance imparting agent in the treatment solution is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the type of salt tolerance imparting agent, the type of plant body, the growth stage, and the like.
- concentration of the salt tolerance-imparting agent in the treatment solution is too low, the salt tolerance-imparting agent has less chance of contacting the plant roots in the treatment solution, and the salt tolerance-imparting effect may be insufficient. is there.
- concentration of the salt tolerance-imparting agent in the treatment solution for obtaining a sufficient salt tolerance-imparting effect can be determined experimentally.
- the salt tolerance imparting agent is a microorganism
- a sufficient salt tolerance imparting effect can be obtained by setting the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution to 10 3 CFU / mL or more.
- the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution is preferably 10 4 CFU / mL or more, and more preferably 10 5 CFU / mL or more.
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent is a microorganism
- the upper limit of the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution is not particularly limited.
- the water quality of the treatment solution is favorably maintained by setting it to 10 13 CFU / mL or less. Can do.
- the upper limit of the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution is preferably 10 12 CFU / mL or less, more preferably 10 11 CFU / mL or less, and even more preferably 10 10 CFU / mL or less. 10 9 CFU / mL or less is particularly preferable.
- the concentration range of the microorganism in the treatment solution may be 10 3 to 10 13 CFU / mL, preferably 10 4 to 10 12 CFU / mL, and 10 5 to 10 11 CFU / mL. Is more preferably 10 5 to 10 10 CFU / mL, and particularly preferably 10 5 to 10 9 CFU / mL.
- 1 time of salt tolerance imparting treatment time that is, the time for immersing at least a part of the root of the plant body in the treatment solution is appropriately adjusted depending on the kind of plant body and the kind of salt tolerance imparting agent used.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment time is preferably 1 hour or longer, more preferably 18 hours or longer, further preferably 1 day or longer, and further preferably 1 to 7 days.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment can also be performed by installing the cultivation pot in the treatment tank in which the treatment solution is accommodated.
- the cultivation pot may be detachably fitted in the through hole of the float, or may be fixed so as not to be detached from the through hole of the float, and the float and the cultivation pot are integrally molded. May be.
- the material for the float that floats on the water surface of the treatment solution the same material as the float that floats on the water surface of the cultivation solution described later is used.
- the amount of the treatment solution used for the salt tolerance imparting treatment increases, a larger amount of salt tolerance imparting agent is required. Therefore, by providing the amount of the solution for treatment to the amount necessary and sufficient for the roots of the plant extending from the bottom of the cultivation pot to come into contact with each other, the salt tolerance imparted necessary for one salt tolerance imparting treatment is provided. The amount of the agent can be suppressed. However, if the amount of the treatment solution is too small, a sufficient amount of salt tolerance imparting agent may not come into contact with the roots of the plant body, so one cultivation pot is fitted per treatment tank. When only the plate is installed, the processing solution contained in the processing tank is preferably at least 5 mL.
- the seedling to which salt tolerance has been imparted by the salt tolerance imparting step is then hydroponically cultivated with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more.
- the sodium chloride concentration of the cultivation solution in the cultivation process may be 1% by mass or more, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the salt tolerance of the plant body to be cultivated.
- the cultivation solution used in the present invention preferably has a sodium chloride concentration of 1 to 4% by mass, more preferably 1.5 to 3.8% by mass, and 2 to 3.5% by mass. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 2.5 to 3.3% by mass.
- the cultivation solution used in the present invention preferably contains magnesium chloride in addition to sodium chloride, more preferably contains 0.5% by mass or less of magnesium chloride, and 0.1 to 0.5% by mass. More preferably, the magnesium chloride is contained.
- the cultivation solution used in the present invention preferably contains various nutritional components necessary for the growth of plants in addition to sodium chloride and magnesium chloride.
- the said nutrient component can be suitably adjusted according to the kind of plant body to grow.
- elements necessary for the growth of plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, molybdenum and boron are contained as salts.
- elements such as aluminum and silicon may be contained as salts.
- a solution for cultivation used in the present invention for example, a solution obtained by adding insufficient salts such as sodium chloride to a commercially available liquid fertilizer or a commercially available concentrated liquid fertilizer is replaced by water with seawater. A diluted solution can be used. A solution obtained by appropriately adding deficient salts such as phosphorus to seawater can also be used.
- hydroponics in the cultivation process can be performed by a general hydroponics method except that the sodium chloride concentration of the cultivation solution is 1% by mass or more.
- the cultivation process may be performed by a submerged hydroponics method in which a relatively large amount of cultivation solution is accumulated in a cultivation tank, or by a thin film hydroponics method in which the culture solution is allowed to flow down little by little on a flat surface having a gentle slope You may go.
- the method for exchanging the cultivation solution in the cultivation tank may be a circulation type that circulates and is used, and is drained as it is after being used for a certain period in the cultivation tank. It may be non-circular.
- the circulation type after the cultivation solution is prepared in the cultivation solution preparation tank, it is put into the cultivation tank by a pump or the like, and is collected again from the cultivation tank to the cultivation solution preparation tank. Prepared.
- the submerged hydroponic method has, for example, a cultivation tank for accommodating a cultivation solution, a cultivation pot for accommodating a plant body, and one or more through holes for fitting the cultivation pot, and the cultivation solution It can carry out using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus provided with the float which floats on the water surface.
- the pot for cultivation may be detachably fitted in the through hole of the float, may be fixed so as not to be detached from the through hole of the float, or even if the float and the pot for cultivation are integrally molded Good.
- the cultivation tank may be installed indoors or may be installed outdoors.
- the cultivation tank has a water supply hole for injecting the cultivation solution and a drainage hole for draining the cultivation solution.
- the cultivation tank may include both a water supply hole and a drainage hole, or may include a water supply / drainage hole that performs both water supply and drainage. Supply and drainage of the cultivation solution to the cultivation tank is controlled by a pump and a valve.
- a pot for cultivation is provided with openings on at least the upper and lower surfaces, and is a container that can hold a support carrier, and generally a resin material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinylidene chloride is used. .
- a support carrier such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinylidene chloride is used.
- the above-mentioned carriers can be used.
- the float is formed of a material that floats on the water surface of the cultivation solution in a state where the cultivation pot in a state where the plant body is cultivated is fitted in the through hole.
- the material include expandable resins such as expanded polystyrene and expanded polypropylene.
- the number of floats floating in the cultivation tank may be one, or two or more.
- a float When the cultivation tank is installed outdoors, in order to suppress transpiration from the water surface of the cultivation solution, it is preferable to install a float so as to cover most of the water surface of the cultivation solution.
- the hydroponic cultivation apparatus to be used preferably includes an oxygen supply means for keeping the dissolved oxygen amount of the cultivation solution above a certain amount.
- the oxygen supply means include an air pump and an air soccer.
- the pH suitable for hydroponics varies depending on the type of plant, it is generally about 5.5 to 6.5. However, as the cultivation period becomes longer, the pH of the cultivation solution tends to increase. is there. For this reason, in order to perform hydroponics stably for a long period of time, the hydroponics apparatus to be used measures the pH of the solution for cultivation over time and adjusts the pH within a predetermined range as necessary. It is preferable that a pH control means for administering an acid substance is provided. Examples of the acid substance used for pH adjustment include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like.
- the salt tolerance imparting step and the cultivation step may be performed in the same cultivation tank, the salt tolerance imparting step is performed in the treatment tank containing the treatment solution, You may move to the cultivation tank which accommodated the cultivation solution.
- the cultivation pot In the initial growth process, after growing the seedling in a state supported by the support carrier held inside the cultivation pot, when performing salt tolerance imparting treatment in the treatment tank, the cultivation pot is used. Remove the float from the processing tank and insert it into the through-hole of the float floated on the surface of the cultivation solution contained in the cultivation tank. You may float on the water surface of the solution for cultivation in a tank.
- the moving means for moving the cultivation pot or float from the processing tank to the cultivation tank is not particularly limited, and can be performed by, for example, a moving means using a water flow or movement on a conveyor. When a plurality of cultivation pots are installed per treatment tank, it is preferable to perform a bubbling treatment with an air pump in order to prevent stagnation of the treatment solution and to prevent oxygen deficiency.
- the treatment solution is accommodated in the cultivation tank, and the roots extending below the cultivation pot fitted in the float are brought into contact with the treatment solution.
- the treatment solution is preferably brought into contact with the roots of the plant under the condition that the amount of water supply / drainage is reduced or the water supply / drainage treatment is not performed.
- the amount of water supply / drainage is small or when water supply / drainage is not performed, stagnation occurs in the cultivation tank, which may adversely affect the plant itself. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately stir the processing solution by bubbling with an air pump.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment After draining the treatment solution in the cultivation tank, and then supplying the cultivation solution prepared in another tank in advance into the cultivation tank, by performing water supply and drainage under normal supply and drainage conditions, Start the cultivation process.
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent is a substance that does not adversely affect the plant body even if it is excessively ingested itself, such as microorganisms
- the cultivation solution is usually supplied without draining the treatment solution. Water supply / drainage may be started under the water supply / drainage conditions.
- Cultivation with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more is necessarily performed over the entire cultivation period after the salt tolerance imparting treatment.
- a high salt concentration environment there is no.
- the period of cultivation in a high salt concentration environment is not particularly limited, for example, immediately after the salt tolerance imparting treatment, to a period of about one third of the whole period of the cultivation period, to a period of about one half.
- the period can be up to about two-thirds. From the viewpoint of improving the shelf life of plants, it is preferable to perform cultivation in a high salt concentration environment immediately after the salt tolerance imparting treatment and over the entire cultivation period.
- Seedlings with insufficient salt tolerance will die if grown in a high salt concentration environment for a certain period in the cultivation process. Withered plants cause rot and cause germs to grow in the cultivation solution. There is also a risk that seedlings to which salt tolerance has been given due to contamination of the cultivation solution will die due to disease or the like. For this reason, it is preferable to have the removal process which removes a dead seedling after a salt tolerance provision process or during a cultivation process.
- the salt tolerance imparting step is performed using a treatment solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more, it is preferably performed after the salt tolerance imparting step and before the cultivation step is started. In the cultivation of agricultural products, the yield in the actual cultivation area can be improved by removing the dead seedling from the cultivation tank.
- the seedlings that do not die when grown for a certain period in a high salt concentration environment are plants whose salt tolerance has been reliably improved by the salt tolerance imparting agent. I can confirm. And the quality assurance as a salt-tolerant seedling can also be obtained about the salt-tolerant seedling grown in this invention by removing the withered seedling.
- the cultivation process may be performed in an indoor type in which the cultivation tank is installed indoors, or may be an outdoor open type in which the cultivation tank is installed outdoors.
- the method for producing a plant according to the present invention further comprises a selection step of selecting, from the harvested fruit, a fruit satisfying the above-mentioned values relating to the edible part of the fruit, the sodium content, the water content, or the sugar content. May be.
- the plant according to the present invention can be produced using salt water or seawater.
- salt tolerance is imparted by the salt tolerance imparting step of performing a salt tolerance imparting treatment in which a salt tolerance imparting agent is brought into contact with at least a part of the root of the plant body, and the salt tolerance imparting step.
- the salt tolerance-imparting process imparts salt tolerance to plants with low salt tolerance by treating them with a salt tolerance-imparting agent, and can be cultivated in a very high salt concentration environment with a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more. It is a process for.
- the plant body to which salt tolerance is imparted can be hydroponically cultivated with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more by the subsequent cultivation process.
- a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more by the subsequent cultivation process By performing the salt tolerance imparting step and the cultivation step, resistance to pests can be imparted to the plant body.
- Plants in the early stages of growth are less resistant to stress than plants that are fully grown and are more susceptible to environmental stress.
- rooting and germination processes are very sensitive to salt concentration.
- the initial growth step may include a step of growing the plant body in an environment where the sodium chloride concentration is less than 1% by mass until at least rooting and germination are completed.
- the sodium chloride concentration in the environment in which seeds and the like are grown in the initial growth step may be less than 1% by mass, and is preferably not more than the salt concentration at which a plant of the same variety as the plant growing the seedling can normally grow. It is preferable.
- the “environment in which normal growth is possible” means an environment in which the growth rate when a plurality of plants are grown is 80% or more.
- the sodium chloride concentration in the environment in which the initial growth step is performed is preferably 0 to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0 to 0.3% by mass, More preferably, it is from 0.1% by mass.
- the initial growth step is performed by a general method for germinating and rooting seeds, except that an aqueous solution having a sodium chloride concentration of less than 1% by mass is used as water to be supplied to seeds or bulbs (initial growth solution). It can be carried out. Specifically, germination and rooting are performed by placing seeds or bulbs in a state where they are in contact with the initial growth solution in a temperature environment where germination and rooting are possible. For example, an initial growth solution may be periodically sprayed on seeds placed in an appropriate temperature environment, and at least a part of the surface is exposed to air in an appropriate temperature environment. The other parts may be placed in contact with the initial growth solution.
- seeds and the like can be partially brought into contact with the initial growth solution by placing it on the surface of a support carrier containing the initial growth solution.
- seeds and the like can be partially brought into contact with the initial growth solution by placing seeds or the like in an initial growth solution stored in a container so that the water depth is lower than the height of the seeds or the like.
- the supporting carrier may be any material as long as the solution for initial growth contained therein is porous enough to supply water to seeds and the like placed on the surface of the carrier. What has the porosity which can penetrate the support
- carrier for support is preferable.
- seeds are placed on the surface of a support carrier held in a cultivation pot that can be installed in a cultivation tank used for hydroponics used in the cultivation process, and germinated and rooted.
- the plant body is grown so as to extend the root downward and penetrate the support carrier, the plant body is supported while being held in the cultivation pot. By installing it in the cultivation tank, it can be grown even after the seedling stage.
- the support carrier having such a porous property may be, for example, a gel material, a fibrous material, or a granular or gravel material.
- the gel substance include polymer polysaccharides such as agar, agarose, gellan gum, alginic acid, and water-absorbing resins such as acrylic resins.
- the fibrous material include non-woven cloth, cotton, paper, rock wool, and glass wool.
- granular or gravel materials include wood chips, bark, pumice, vermiculite, sand, and the like.
- a salt tolerance imparting treatment can be performed by bringing a salt tolerance imparting agent into contact with at least a part of the roots of the grown seedlings.
- salt tolerance imparting treatment may be performed immediately after germination and rooting, the tolerance to salt stress increases as the plant grows. For this reason, it is preferable to carry out the salt tolerance imparting step after the seedling is grown for at least one week after germination, preferably about three weeks.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment can be performed by immersing at least a part of the seedling root in an aqueous solution (treatment solution) containing a salt tolerance imparting agent.
- the sodium chloride concentration of the treatment solution is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of salt tolerance imparting agent used and the type of plant body so that the salt tolerance imparting efficiency is sufficient.
- a solution obtained by mixing a salt tolerance-imparting agent with an initial growth solution may be used as a treatment solution
- a solution obtained by mixing a salt tolerance-imparting agent with a cultivation solution used in the cultivation process may be used as a treatment solution.
- a solution having a composition different from both the initial growth solution and the cultivation solution may be used as the treatment solution.
- the sodium chloride concentration of the treatment solution used in the present invention is preferably 1% by mass or more, and more preferably the same concentration as the sodium chloride concentration of the cultivation solution.
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent used in the present invention may be a drug, a microorganism, or a culture supernatant of a microorganism.
- the drug include pyrroloquinoline quinone (see Japanese Patent No. 5013326), strigolactone, and the like.
- the microorganism include Paenibacillus fuchinensis (see JP 2013-75881 A).
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent may be composed of one kind of microorganism or a mixture of two or more kinds of microorganisms.
- the concentration of the salt tolerance imparting agent in the treatment solution is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the type of salt tolerance imparting agent, the type of plant body, the growth stage, and the like.
- concentration of the salt tolerance-imparting agent in the treatment solution is too low, the salt tolerance-imparting agent has less chance of contacting the plant roots in the treatment solution, and the salt tolerance-imparting effect may be insufficient. is there.
- concentration of the salt tolerance-imparting agent in the treatment solution for obtaining a sufficient salt tolerance-imparting effect can be determined experimentally.
- the salt tolerance imparting agent is a microorganism
- a sufficient salt tolerance imparting effect can be obtained by setting the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution to 10 3 CFU / mL or more.
- the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution is preferably 10 4 CFU / mL or more, and more preferably 10 5 CFU / mL or more.
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent is a microorganism
- the upper limit of the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution is not particularly limited.
- the water quality of the treatment solution is favorably maintained by setting it to 10 13 CFU / mL or less. Can do.
- the upper limit of the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution is preferably 10 12 CFU / mL or less, more preferably 10 11 CFU / mL or less, and even more preferably 10 10 CFU / mL or less. 10 9 CFU / mL or less is particularly preferable.
- the concentration range of the microorganism in the treatment solution may be 10 3 to 10 13 CFU / mL, preferably 10 4 to 10 12 CFU / mL, and 10 5 to 10 11 CFU / mL. Is more preferably 10 5 to 10 10 CFU / mL, and particularly preferably 10 5 to 10 9 CFU / mL.
- 1 time of salt tolerance imparting treatment time that is, the time for immersing at least a part of the root of the plant body in the treatment solution is appropriately adjusted depending on the kind of plant body and the kind of salt tolerance imparting agent used.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment time is preferably 1 hour or longer, more preferably 18 hours or longer, further preferably 1 day or longer, and further preferably 1 to 7 days.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment can also be performed by installing the cultivation pot in the treatment tank in which the treatment solution is accommodated.
- the cultivation pot may be detachably fitted in the through hole of the float, or may be fixed so as not to be detached from the through hole of the float, and the float and the cultivation pot are integrally molded. May be.
- the material for the float that floats on the water surface of the treatment solution the same material as the float that floats on the water surface of the cultivation solution described later is used.
- the amount of the treatment solution used for the salt tolerance imparting treatment increases, a larger amount of salt tolerance imparting agent is required. Therefore, by providing the amount of the solution for treatment to the amount necessary and sufficient for the roots of the plant extending from the bottom of the cultivation pot to come into contact with each other, the salt tolerance imparted necessary for one salt tolerance imparting treatment is provided. The amount of the agent can be suppressed. However, if the amount of the treatment solution is too small, a sufficient amount of salt tolerance imparting agent may not come into contact with the roots of the plant body, so one cultivation pot is fitted per treatment tank. When only the plate is installed, the processing solution contained in the processing tank is preferably at least 5 mL.
- the seedling to which salt tolerance has been imparted by the salt tolerance imparting step is then hydroponically cultivated with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more.
- the sodium chloride concentration of the cultivation solution in the cultivation process may be 1% by mass or more, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the salt tolerance of the plant body to be cultivated.
- the cultivation solution used in the present invention preferably has a sodium chloride concentration of 1 to 4% by mass, more preferably 1.5 to 3.8% by mass, and 2 to 3.5% by mass. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 2.5 to 3.3% by mass.
- the cultivation solution used in the present invention preferably contains magnesium chloride in addition to sodium chloride, more preferably contains 0.5% by mass or less of magnesium chloride, and 0.1 to 0.5% by mass. More preferably, the magnesium chloride is contained.
- the cultivation solution used in the present invention preferably contains various nutritional components necessary for the growth of plants in addition to sodium chloride and magnesium chloride.
- the said nutrient component can be suitably adjusted according to the kind of plant body to grow.
- elements necessary for the growth of plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, molybdenum and boron are contained as salts.
- elements such as aluminum and silicon may be contained as salts.
- a solution for cultivation used in the present invention for example, a solution obtained by adding insufficient salts such as sodium chloride to a commercially available liquid fertilizer or a commercially available concentrated liquid fertilizer is replaced by water with seawater. A diluted solution can be used. A solution obtained by appropriately adding deficient salts such as phosphorus to seawater can also be used.
- hydroponics in the cultivation process can be performed by a general hydroponics method except that the sodium chloride concentration of the cultivation solution is 1% by mass or more.
- the cultivation process may be performed by a submerged hydroponics method in which a relatively large amount of cultivation solution is accumulated in a cultivation tank, or by a thin film hydroponics method in which the culture solution is allowed to flow down little by little on a flat surface having a gentle slope You may go.
- the method for exchanging the cultivation solution in the cultivation tank may be a circulation type that circulates and is used, and is drained as it is after being used for a certain period in the cultivation tank. It may be non-circular.
- the circulation type after the cultivation solution is prepared in the cultivation solution preparation tank, it is put into the cultivation tank by a pump or the like, and is collected again from the cultivation tank to the cultivation solution preparation tank. Prepared.
- the submerged hydroponic method has, for example, a cultivation tank for accommodating a cultivation solution, a cultivation pot for accommodating a plant body, and one or more through holes for fitting the cultivation pot, and the cultivation solution It can carry out using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus provided with the float which floats on the water surface.
- the pot for cultivation may be detachably fitted in the through hole of the float, may be fixed so as not to be detached from the through hole of the float, or even if the float and the pot for cultivation are integrally molded Good.
- the cultivation tank may be installed indoors or may be installed outdoors.
- the cultivation tank has a water supply hole for injecting the cultivation solution and a drainage hole for draining the cultivation solution.
- the cultivation tank may include both a water supply hole and a drainage hole, or may include a water supply / drainage hole that performs both water supply and drainage. Supply and drainage of the cultivation solution to the cultivation tank is controlled by a pump and a valve.
- a pot for cultivation is provided with openings on at least the upper and lower surfaces, and is a container that can hold a support carrier, and generally a resin material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinylidene chloride is used. .
- a support carrier such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinylidene chloride is used.
- the above-mentioned carriers can be used.
- the float is formed of a material that floats on the water surface of the cultivation solution in a state where the cultivation pot in a state where the plant body is cultivated is fitted in the through hole.
- the material include expandable resins such as expanded polystyrene and expanded polypropylene.
- the number of floats floating in the cultivation tank may be one, or two or more.
- a float When the cultivation tank is installed outdoors, in order to suppress transpiration from the water surface of the cultivation solution, it is preferable to install a float so as to cover most of the water surface of the cultivation solution.
- the hydroponic cultivation apparatus to be used preferably includes an oxygen supply means for keeping the dissolved oxygen amount of the cultivation solution above a certain amount.
- the oxygen supply means include an air pump and an air soccer.
- the pH suitable for hydroponics varies depending on the type of plant, it is generally about 5.5 to 6.5. However, as the cultivation period becomes longer, the pH of the cultivation solution tends to increase. is there. For this reason, in order to perform hydroponics stably for a long period of time, the hydroponics apparatus to be used measures the pH of the solution for cultivation over time and adjusts the pH within a predetermined range as necessary. It is preferable that a pH control means for administering an acid substance is provided. Examples of the acid substance used for pH adjustment include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like.
- the salt tolerance imparting step and the cultivation step may be performed in the same cultivation tank, and the salt tolerance imparting step is performed in the treatment tank containing the treatment solution, and the seedling after the treatment May be transferred to a cultivation tank containing a cultivation solution.
- the cultivation pot In the initial growth process, after growing the seedling in a state supported by the support carrier held inside the cultivation pot, when performing salt tolerance imparting treatment in the treatment tank, the cultivation pot is used. Remove the float from the processing tank and insert it into the through-hole of the float floated on the surface of the cultivation solution contained in the cultivation tank. You may float on the water surface of the solution for cultivation in a tank.
- the moving means for moving the cultivation pot or float from the processing tank to the cultivation tank is not particularly limited, and can be performed by, for example, a moving means using a water flow or movement on a conveyor. When a plurality of cultivation pots are installed per treatment tank, it is preferable to perform a bubbling treatment with an air pump in order to prevent stagnation of the treatment solution and to prevent oxygen deficiency.
- the treatment solution is accommodated in the cultivation tank, and the roots extending below the cultivation pot fitted in the float are brought into contact with the treatment solution.
- the treatment solution is preferably brought into contact with the roots of the plant under the condition that the amount of water supply / drainage is reduced or the water supply / drainage treatment is not performed.
- the amount of water supply / drainage is small or when water supply / drainage is not performed, stagnation occurs in the cultivation tank, which may adversely affect the plant itself. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately stir the processing solution by bubbling with an air pump.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment After draining the treatment solution in the cultivation tank, and then supplying the cultivation solution prepared in another tank in advance into the cultivation tank, by performing water supply and drainage under normal supply and drainage conditions, Start the cultivation process.
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent is a substance that does not adversely affect the plant body even if it is excessively ingested itself, such as microorganisms
- the cultivation solution is usually supplied without draining the treatment solution. Water supply / drainage may be started under the water supply / drainage conditions.
- Cultivation with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more is necessarily performed over the entire cultivation period after the salt tolerance imparting treatment.
- a high salt concentration environment There is no.
- the period of cultivation in a high salt concentration environment is not particularly limited, for example, immediately after the salt tolerance imparting treatment, to a period of about one third of the whole period of the cultivation period, to a period of about one half. For example, up to a period of about two thirds. From the viewpoint of maintaining resistance to pests, it is preferable to perform cultivation in a high salt concentration environment immediately after the salt tolerance imparting treatment and over the entire cultivation period.
- Seedlings with insufficient salt tolerance will die if grown in a high salt concentration environment for a certain period in the cultivation process. Withered plants cause rot and cause germs to grow in the cultivation solution. There is also a risk that seedlings to which salt tolerance has been given due to contamination of the cultivation solution will die due to disease or the like. For this reason, it is preferable to have the removal process which removes a dead seedling after a salt tolerance provision process or during a cultivation process.
- the salt tolerance imparting step is performed using a treatment solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more, it is preferably performed after the salt tolerance imparting step and before the cultivation step is started. In the cultivation of agricultural products, the yield in the actual cultivation area can be improved by removing the dead seedling from the cultivation tank.
- the seedlings that do not die when grown for a certain period in a high salt concentration environment are plants whose salt tolerance has been reliably improved by the salt tolerance imparting agent. I can confirm. And the quality assurance as a salt-tolerant seedling can also be obtained about the salt-tolerant seedling grown in this invention by removing the withered seedling.
- the cultivation process may be performed in an indoor type in which the cultivation tank is installed indoors, or may be an outdoor open type in which the cultivation tank is installed outdoors. Since the plant body cultivated in the cultivation process according to the present invention is imparted with resistance to pests, it is also suitable for cultivation in an outdoor open type.
- resistance to pests can be imparted to a plant, and an effect of prevention, treatment, or extermination against pests and / or diseases can be obtained. This is considered to be because resistance to pests as well as resistance to salt is improved by exposure to a high salt concentration environment.
- the plant body imparting resistance to pests may be angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns and mosses. Further, it may be a monocotyledonous plant or a dicotyledonous plant.
- rice plants such as rice, corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, rye, barnyard millet, millet; solanaceous plants such as tomato, eggplant, paprika, pepper, potato, tobacco; Arabidopsis, oilseed rape, Cruciferous plants such asnicuna, radish, cabbage, purple cabbage, purple cabbage (petit vert), Chinese cabbage, chingensai, kale, watercress, komatsuna, broccoli, cauliflower, turnip, wasabi, mustard, etc .; cucumber, bittern, pumpkin, melon, watermelon Cucurbitaceae plants such as grapes; Grapevine plants such as grapes; Citrus plants such as lemons, oranges, navel oranges, grapefruits, mandarin orange
- the target insect pests to which the plant to which resistance is imparted exerts resistance refers to all organisms that are detrimental to plant growth.
- aphids such as potato aphid (Aulacorthum solani), eggplant leafminer (Liriomyza bryoniae), legume leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii), leafminer such as tomato leafminer (Liriomyza sativae), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), silver leaf whitefly (Bemi Whiteflies of ia argentifolii), etc., southern thrips (Thrips mbo), soybean mouse thrips (Thrips setosus), thrips such as Hirazuhanaazamiuma (Frankliniella intonsa), rust mite such as tomato rust mite (Aculops lycopersici), and the like.
- the plant to which resistance is imparted refers to all organisms that cause plant diseases as pathogens that exhibit resistance, such as fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, etc. It is done.
- pathogens such as fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, etc. It is done.
- viral disease resistance or fungal disease resistance is imparted to viral diseases or fungal diseases caused by viruses or fungi.
- Viral diseases or fungal diseases often lack effective agricultural chemicals and are difficult to control, but according to the method for imparting resistance according to the present invention, it is easy to impart resistance to viral or fungal diseases to plants. Can do.
- Tomato viral diseases include tomato yellow leaf curl [Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)] tomato mosaic disease [Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)], tomato yellow wilt disease [Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)] and the like.
- Tomato fungal diseases include tomato powdery mildew.
- the method for imparting resistance it is possible to impart resistance to a plant using salt water or seawater. Therefore, the amount of agricultural chemicals that have been used for pest control so far can be reduced, and the cultivation method can be made in consideration of the natural environment.
- the tomato according to the present invention is characterized in that the amount of the following free amino acid contained per 100 g of the edible portion of the fruit satisfies one or more selected from the following (1) to (20).
- the amount of free glutamic acid is 200 mg or more
- the amount of free aspartic acid is 40 mg or more
- the amount of free arginine is 6 mg or more (4)
- the amount of free isoleucine is 6 mg or more ( 5)
- the amount of free alanine is 8 mg or more (6)
- the amount of free serine is 15 mg or more (7)
- the amount of free lysine is 7 mg or more (8)
- the amount of free histidine is 7 mg or more (9)
- the amount of free phenylalanine is 12 mg or more (10)
- the amount of free tyrosine is 4 mg or more (11)
- the amount of free leucine is 4 mg or more (12)
- the amount of free methionine is 2 mg or more (13) Free valine (14)
- the amount of free amino acid contained in 100 g of edible portion of fruit is selected from the above (1), (2), (4) to (6), (8), (13), (14) and (16) It is preferable to satisfy 1 or 2 or more, and it is more preferable to satisfy 1 or 2 or more selected from the above (1), (5), (6), (14) and (16). More preferably, the amount of free amino acid contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit satisfies all of the above (1), (5), (6), (14) and (16), (1), It is particularly preferable to satisfy all of (2), (4) to (6), (8), (13), (14) and (16).
- the amount of free glutamic acid contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is preferably 200 mg or more, more preferably 300 mg or more, and more preferably 500 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free glutamic acid contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 2000 mg or less, 800 mg or less, 700 mg or less, or 600 mg or less.
- the amount of free glutamic acid contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 200 to 2000 mg, more preferably 300 to 800 mg, further preferably 400 to 700 mg, and 500 to 600 mg. It is particularly preferred that Glutamic acid is an umami ingredient and imparts umami to the tomato fruit.
- glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter and is effective in relieving fatigue.
- the amount of free aspartic acid contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 40 mg or more, preferably 50 mg or more, more preferably 70 mg or more, and further preferably 85 mg or more. 100 mg or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the amount of free aspartic acid contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 300 mg or less, 200 mg or less, 180 mg or less, or 150 mg or less.
- the amount of free aspartic acid contained in 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 40 to 300 mg, preferably 50 to 300 mg, more preferably 70 to 200 mg, and 85 to 180 mg. Is more preferable, and 100 to 150 mg is particularly preferable.
- Aspartic acid is effective in relieving fatigue and is an immediate energy source.
- the amount of free arginine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 6 mg or more, preferably 10 mg or more, more preferably 15 mg or more, and further preferably 20 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free arginine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, 50 mg or less, or 30 mg or less.
- the amount of free arginine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 6 to 150 mg, preferably 10 to 150 mg, more preferably 10 to 100 mg, and 15 to 100 mg. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 20 to 50 mg.
- Arginine has effects such as immune function improvement and vasodilatory action.
- the amount of free isoleucine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 6 mg or more, preferably 7 mg or more, more preferably 8 mg or more, and further preferably 10 mg or more, It is especially preferable that it is 15 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free isoleucine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, 80 mg or less, 50 mg or less, or 30 mg or less.
- the amount of free isoleucine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is, for example, preferably 6 to 100 mg, more preferably 7 to 100 mg, more preferably 10 to 80 mg, and more preferably 13 to 50 mg. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 15 to 30 mg.
- Isoleucine is an essential amino acid and serves as an energy source. In addition, isoleucine has effects such as vasodilation, growth promotion, muscle strength enhancement, and fatigue recovery.
- the amount of free alanine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 8 mg or more, preferably 9 mg or more, preferably 10 mg or more, more preferably 20 mg or more, 40 mg More preferably, it is more preferably 50 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free alanine contained per 100 g of edible part of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 200 mg or less, 150 mg or less, 100 mg or less, or 80 mg or less.
- the amount of free alanine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 8 to 200 mg, preferably 10 to 150 mg, more preferably 20 to 150 mg, and 40 to 100 mg. More preferred is 50 to 80 mg.
- Alanine serves as an energy source and has effects such as improvement of immune function and liver activity (alcohol degradation).
- the amount of free serine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is preferably 15 mg or more, preferably 30 mg or more, preferably 40 mg or more, more preferably 50 mg or more, 70 mg More preferably, it is more preferably 90 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free serine contained per 100 g of edible part of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 300 mg or less, 250 mg or less, 200 mg or less, or 150 mg or less.
- the amount of free serine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is, for example, preferably 15 to 300 mg, preferably 30 to 250 mg, more preferably 40 to 250 mg, and 50 to 200 mg. More preferably, it is more preferably 70 to 200 mg, and particularly preferably 90 to 150 mg.
- Serine has effects such as improving sleep quality and assisting brain function.
- the amount of free lysine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is preferably 7 mg or more, more preferably 10 mg or more, further preferably 15 mg or more, and particularly preferably 20 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free lysine contained per 100 g of edible part of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, 50 mg or less, or 30 mg or less.
- the amount of free lysine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is, for example, preferably 7 to 100 mg, preferably 10 to 100 mg, more preferably 15 to 50 mg, and 20 to 30 mg. More preferably it is.
- Lysine is an essential amino acid and has a body tissue repairing action. Moreover, it has a virus suppression effect.
- the amount of free histidine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 7 mg or more, more preferably 10 mg or more, further preferably 15 mg or more, and particularly preferably 20 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free histidine contained per 100 g of the edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, 80 mg or less, or 60 mg or less.
- the amount of free histidine contained per 100 g of the edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 7 to 100 mg, more preferably 10 to 100 mg, more preferably 15 to 80 mg, and more preferably 20 to 60 mg. More preferably it is.
- Histidine is an essential amino acid and has a leukocyte / erythrocyte forming action. Moreover, histidine has an appetite suppressing effect.
- the amount of free phenylalanine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is preferably 12 mg or more, more preferably 20 mg or more, further preferably 23 mg or more, and particularly preferably 25 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free phenylalanine contained per 100 g of edible part of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, 80 mg or less, or 60 mg or less.
- the amount of free phenylalanine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is, for example, preferably 12 to 100 mg, preferably 20 to 100 mg, more preferably 23 to 80 mg, and 25 to 60 mg. More preferably it is.
- Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and has analgesic action, antidepressant action, memory improvement effect, and the like.
- the amount of free tyrosine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is preferably 4 mg or more, more preferably 7 mg or more, and further preferably 9 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free tyrosine contained per 100 g of edible part of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, or 50 mg or less.
- the amount of free tyrosine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 4 to 100 mg, more preferably 7 to 100 mg, and even more preferably 9 to 50 mg.
- Tyrosine is a precursor such as a neurotransmitter and has an effect of improving concentration.
- the amount of free leucine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 4 mg or more, more preferably 6 mg or more, and even more preferably 7 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free leucine contained per 100 g of edible part of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, or 50 mg or less.
- the amount of free leucine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is, for example, preferably 4 to 100 mg, more preferably 7 to 100 mg, and even more preferably 7 to 50 mg.
- Leucine is an essential amino acid and an energy source. Leucine also has effects such as strengthening muscle strength and improving liver function.
- the amount of free methionine contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is preferably 2 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free methionine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, or 50 mg or less.
- the amount of free methionine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, more preferably 2 to 100 mg, and further preferably 2 to 50 mg.
- Methionine is an essential amino acid and has an allergic reaction inhibitory effect, a depression effect, a liver / kidney function improving effect, and the like.
- the amount of free valine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 3.5 mg or more, and more preferably 7 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free valine contained per 100 g of the edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, or 50 mg or less.
- the amount of free valine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 3.5 to 100 mg, more preferably 7 to 100 mg, and even more preferably 7 to 50 mg.
- Valine is an essential amino acid and an energy source. Moreover, valine has effects such as growth promotion and liver function improvement.
- the amount of free glycine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 2 mg or more, more preferably 3 mg or more, further preferably 5 mg or more, and particularly preferably 7 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free glycine contained per 100 g of the edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, 50 mg or less, or 30 mg or less.
- the amount of free glycine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 2 to 100 mg, more preferably 5 to 50 mg, and even more preferably 7 to 30 mg. Glycine has effects such as improving sleep quality.
- the amount of free proline contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is preferably 50 mg or less, preferably 1 to 50 mg, more preferably 5 to 40 mg, and more preferably 10 to 30 mg. Further preferred. Proline has effects such as improvement of joint pain and beautiful skin, and is also a natural moisturizing ingredient.
- the amount of free threonine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 10 mg or more, more preferably 15 mg or more, and even more preferably 23 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free threonine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 mg or less, 80 mg or less, or 50 mg or less.
- the amount of free threonine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 10 to 100 mg, more preferably 15 to 80 mg, and even more preferably 23 to 50 mg.
- Threonine is an essential amino acid and has effects such as growth promotion and liver function improvement.
- the amount of free tryptophan contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 2 mg or more, and more preferably 2 to 50 mg.
- Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and has a tranquilizing action as a serotonin precursor.
- tryptophan has a sedative effect, a restful sleep effect, and the like.
- the amount of free phosphoserine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 1.2 mg or more, and more preferably 1.5 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the quantity of the free phosphoserine contained per 100g of edible parts of a fruit is not specifically limited, For example, it is 20 mg or less, 10 mg or less, or 5 mg or less.
- the amount of free phosphoserine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 1.2 to 20 mg, more preferably 1.2 to 10 mg, and 1.5 to 5 mg. Further preferred.
- Phosphoserine is a precursor of serine and, like serine, has effects such as improving sleep quality and assisting brain function.
- the amount of free ⁇ -alanine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 2 mg or more, more preferably 3 mg or more, and further preferably 4 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free ⁇ -alanine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 20 mg or less, 10 mg or less, or 8 mg or less.
- the amount of free ⁇ -alanine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 2 to 20 mg, more preferably 2 to 10 mg, further preferably 3 to 10 mg. Particularly preferred is ⁇ 8 mg.
- ⁇ -Alanine has effects such as suppressing fatigue and improving cognitive function.
- the amount of free ⁇ -aminobutyric acid contained per 100 g of edible portion of fruit is preferably 80 mg or more, more preferably 100 mg or more, and even more preferably 150 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of free ⁇ -aminobutyric acid contained per 100 g of the edible portion of the fruit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 500 mg or less, 300 mg or less, or 250 mg or less.
- the amount of free ⁇ -aminobutyric acid contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 80 to 500 mg, more preferably 100 to 300 mg, still more preferably 100 to 250 mg, Particularly preferred is 150 to 250 mg.
- ⁇ -aminobutyric acid has a brain function improving effect, a blood pressure improving effect, and the like.
- the total amount of free standard amino acids excluding asparagine and glutamine contained per 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is preferably 300 mg or more, more preferably 400 mg or more, and even more preferably 500 mg or more.
- the upper limit of the total amount of free standard amino acids excluding the asparagine and glutamine is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 3000 mg or less, or 2000 mg or less.
- the total amount of free standard amino acids excluding asparagine and glutamine contained in 100 g of edible portion of the fruit is, for example, preferably 300 to 3000 mg, more preferably 400 to 3000 mg, and 400 to 2000 mg. Is more preferable.
- the tomato when the tomato is hydroponically cultivated with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more, the amount of the following free amino acid contained per 100 g of the edible portion of the fruit is Preferably, the tomato satisfies one or more selected from the following (1) to (12).
- the amount of free glutamic acid is 200 mg or more, preferably 300 mg or more (2) The amount of free aspartic acid is 40 mg or more (3) The amount of free isoleucine is 6 mg or more (4) The amount of free alanine (5) The amount of free serine is 15 mg or more, preferably 30 mg or more (6) The amount of free histidine is 7 mg or more (7) The amount of free valine is 3.5 mg or more, preferably 4 mg or more (8) The amount of free glycine is 2 mg or more (9) The amount of free threonine is 10 mg or more (10) The amount of free phosphoserine is 1.2 mg or more (11) The amount of free ⁇ -alanine is (12) The amount of free ⁇ -aminobutyric acid is 80 mg or more, preferably 100 mg or more, more preferably 15 mg or more, preferably 3 mg or more.
- the total amount of free standard amino acids excluding asparagine and glutamine is preferably 300 mg or more, and more preferably 400 mg or more.
- the amount of the following free amino acid contained per 100 g of the edible portion of the fruit is Preferably, the tomato satisfies one or more selected from the following (1) to (15).
- the amount of free glutamic acid is 200 mg or more, preferably 300 mg or more, more preferably 500 mg or more.
- the amount of free aspartic acid is 40 mg or more, preferably 50 mg or more, more preferably 70 mg or more.
- the amount of free arginine is 6 mg or more (4)
- the amount of free isoleucine is 6 mg or more, preferably 7 mg or more, more preferably 8 mg or more (5)
- the amount of free alanine is 8 mg or more, preferably 9 mg or more, more preferably (6)
- the amount of free serine is 15 mg or more, preferably 30 mg or more, more preferably still 40 mg or more, particularly preferably 50 mg or more.
- Free lysine The amount is 7 mg or more (8) The amount of free histidine is 7 mg (9) The amount of free leucine is 4 mg or more (10) The amount of free valine is 3.5 mg or more (11) The amount of free glycine is 2 mg or more (12) The amount of free threonine is 10 mg or more, preferably 15 mg or more. (13) The amount of free phosphoserine is 1.2 mg or more, preferably 1.5 mg or more. (14) The amount of free ⁇ -alanine is 2 mg or more, preferably (15) The amount of free ⁇ -aminobutyric acid is 80 mg or more, preferably 100 mg or more, more preferably 150 mg or more.
- the total amount of free standard amino acids excluding asparagine and glutamine is preferably 500 mg or more, more preferably 600 mg or more, further preferably 800 mg or more, and particularly preferably 900 mg or more.
- the amount of the following free amino acid contained per 100 g of the edible portion of the fruit is Preferably, the tomato satisfies one or more selected from the following (1) to (16).
- the amount of free glutamic acid is 200 mg or more, preferably 300 mg or more, more preferably 500 mg or more.
- the amount of free aspartic acid is 40 mg or more, preferably 50 mg or more, more preferably 70 mg or more, more preferably 85 mg. More preferably, it is 100 mg or more.
- the amount of free arginine is 6 mg or more, preferably 10 mg or more.
- the amount of free isoleucine is 6 mg or more, preferably 7 mg or more, more preferably 8 mg or more.
- the amount of free alanine is 8 mg or more, preferably 9 mg or more, more preferably 10 mg or more.
- the amount of free serine is 15 mg or more, preferably 30 mg or more, more preferably 40 mg or more, more preferably 50 mg (7)
- the amount of free lysine is 7 mg or more, preferably 10 mg or more.
- the amount of free histidine is 7 mg or more, more preferably 10 mg or more, more preferably 15 mg or more.
- the amount of free phenylalanine is 12 mg or more (10) The amount of free tyrosine is 4 mg or more (11) The amount of free leucine is 4 mg or more, preferably 6 mg or more (12 ) The amount of free methionine is 2 mg or more (13) The amount of free valine is 3.5 mg or more, preferably 7 mg or more (14) The amount of free glycine is 2 mg or more, preferably 3 mg or more (15) Free The amount of threonine is 10 mg or more, preferably 15 mg or more, more preferably 23 mg or more (16) The amount of the releasing tryptophan is more than 2mg above (1) preferably satisfies 5 or more selected from - (16), more preferably satisfies 10 or more, more preferably to satisfy all. Moreover, the total amount of free standard amino acids excluding asparagine and glutamine is preferably 500 mg or more, more preferably 600 mg or more, further preferably 800 mg or more, and particularly preferably 900 mg or more.
- the mass ratio of free glutamic acid / free proline contained in the edible portion of the fruit is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 5 to 27. More preferably, it is ⁇ 25.
- the mass ratio of free aspartic acid / free proline contained in the edible part of the fruit is preferably 0.5 or more, preferably 0.5 to 10, and preferably 0.7 to 7. More preferred is 1-5.
- the amount of amino acid can be measured by a known method.
- a commercially available amino acid automatic analyzer can be used, and it can be determined by an amino acid automatic analysis method or a high performance liquid chromatograph method.
- the tomato fruit according to the present invention contains amino acids at the above values or ratios, it has a unique flavor.
- sodium contained in the edible portion of the fruit is preferably 0.15% by mass or more, preferably 0.15 to 0.5% by mass, and 0.18 to 0.00.
- the content is more preferably 4% by mass, and further preferably 0.2 to 0.3% by mass.
- the amount of sodium can be measured by a known method.
- the water content of the edible part of the fruit is preferably 90% by mass or less, preferably 80 to 90% by mass, more preferably 83 to 89% by mass, 85 More preferably, it is -88 mass%.
- the water content can be measured by a known method. For example, it can be determined by a heat drying method using a commercially available dryer.
- the sugar content (Brix) in the edible part of the fruit is preferably 8 or more, preferably 8 to 20, more preferably 10 to 15, and more preferably 12 to 14. More preferably.
- the sugar content can be measured by a known method. For example, it can be measured using a commercially available sugar content refractometer.
- the edible part of the fruit refers to a part of the harvested fruit excluding the clump and the fruit part.
- the fruit is raw, unprocessed fruit.
- the free amino acid content, the sodium content, the water content, and the sugar content of the tomato fruit according to the present invention can be determined by measuring the amount in the whole edible part of the fruit.
- the tomato according to the present invention is preferably tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
- the degree of fruit ripening of tomato can be classified by the degree of red or pink coloring (area%) on the fruit surface, for example, green ripening period (no coloring), coloring period (up to 70% coloring), ripening period (71 Through 90% coloration) and a full maturity period (91-100% coloration).
- green ripening period no coloring
- coloring period up to 70% coloring
- ripening period 71 Through 90% coloration
- a full maturity period 91-100% coloration.
- the free amino acid content, the sodium content, the water content, and the sugar content are preferably satisfied in the maturity stage or the ripe stage.
- the method for producing tomatoes according to the present invention includes a salt tolerance imparting step for performing a salt tolerance imparting treatment in which a salt tolerance imparting agent is brought into contact with at least a part of the tomato roots; A cultivation step of hydroponically cultivating the tomato, to which salt tolerance has been imparted by the salt tolerance provision step, with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more.
- the salt tolerance-imparting process imparts salt tolerance to plants with low salt tolerance by treating them with a salt tolerance-imparting agent, and can be cultivated in a very high salt concentration environment with a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more. It is a process for.
- the plant body to which salt tolerance is imparted can be hydroponically cultivated with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more by the subsequent cultivation process.
- the tomato which concerns on this invention can be manufactured by performing a salt tolerance provision process and a cultivation process.
- Plants in the early stages of growth are less resistant to stress than plants that are fully grown and are more susceptible to environmental stress.
- rooting and germination processes are very sensitive to salt concentration.
- the ratio of the plant body to which salt tolerance is imparted by the salt tolerance imparting treatment can be remarkably increased, and seedlings that can be cultivated in a high salt concentration environment can be efficiently grown.
- the initial growth step may include a step of growing the plant body in an environment where the sodium chloride concentration is less than 1% by mass until at least rooting and germination are completed.
- the sodium chloride concentration in the environment in which seeds and the like are grown in the initial growth step may be less than 1% by mass, and is preferably not more than the salt concentration at which a plant of the same variety as the plant growing the seedling can normally grow. It is preferable.
- the “environment in which normal growth is possible” means an environment in which the growth rate when a plurality of plants are grown is 80% or more.
- the concentration of sodium chloride in the environment in which the initial growth step is performed is preferably 0 to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0 to 0.3% by mass, and 0 to 0%. More preferably, it is 1% by mass.
- the initial growth step is performed by a general method for germinating and rooting seeds, except that an aqueous solution having a sodium chloride concentration of less than 1% by mass is used as water to be supplied to seeds or bulbs (initial growth solution). It can be carried out. Specifically, germination and rooting are performed by placing seeds or bulbs in a state where they are in contact with the initial growth solution in a temperature environment where germination and rooting are possible. For example, an initial growth solution may be periodically sprayed on seeds placed in an appropriate temperature environment, and at least a part of the surface is exposed to air in an appropriate temperature environment. The other parts may be placed in contact with the initial growth solution.
- seeds and the like can be partially brought into contact with the initial growth solution by placing it on the surface of a support carrier containing the initial growth solution.
- seeds and the like can be partially brought into contact with the initial growth solution by placing seeds or the like in an initial growth solution stored in a container so that the water depth is lower than the height of the seeds or the like.
- the supporting carrier may be any material as long as the solution for initial growth contained therein is porous enough to supply water to seeds and the like placed on the surface of the carrier. What has the porosity which can penetrate the support
- carrier for support is preferable.
- seeds are placed on the surface of a support carrier held in a cultivation pot that can be installed in a cultivation tank used for hydroponics used in the cultivation process, and germinated and rooted.
- the plant body is grown so as to extend the root downward and penetrate the support carrier, the plant body is supported while being held in the cultivation pot. By installing it in the cultivation tank, it can be grown even after the seedling stage.
- the support carrier having such a porous property may be, for example, a gel material, a fibrous material, or a granular or gravel material.
- the gel substance include polymer polysaccharides such as agar, agarose, gellan gum, alginic acid, and water-absorbing resins such as acrylic resins.
- the fibrous material include non-woven cloth, cotton, paper, rock wool, and glass wool.
- granular or gravel materials include wood chips, bark, pumice, vermiculite, sand, and the like.
- a salt tolerance imparting treatment can be performed by bringing a salt tolerance imparting agent into contact with at least a part of the roots of the grown seedlings.
- salt tolerance imparting treatment may be performed immediately after germination and rooting, the tolerance to salt stress increases as the plant grows. For this reason, it is preferable to carry out the salt tolerance imparting step after the seedling is grown for at least one week after germination, preferably about three weeks.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment can be performed by immersing at least a part of the seedling root in an aqueous solution (treatment solution) containing a salt tolerance imparting agent.
- the sodium chloride concentration of the treatment solution is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of salt tolerance imparting agent used and the type of plant body so that the salt tolerance imparting efficiency is sufficient.
- a solution obtained by mixing a salt tolerance-imparting agent with an initial growth solution may be used as a treatment solution
- a solution obtained by mixing a salt tolerance-imparting agent with a cultivation solution used in the cultivation process may be used as a treatment solution.
- a solution having a composition different from both the initial growth solution and the cultivation solution may be used as the treatment solution.
- the sodium chloride concentration of the treatment solution used in the present invention is preferably 1% by mass or more, and more preferably the same concentration as the sodium chloride concentration of the cultivation solution.
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent used in the present invention may be a drug, a microorganism, or a culture supernatant of a microorganism.
- the drug include pyrroloquinoline quinone (see Japanese Patent No. 5013326), strigolactone, and the like.
- the microorganism include Paenibacillus fuchinensis (see JP 2013-75881 A).
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent may be composed of one kind of microorganism or a mixture of two or more kinds of microorganisms.
- the concentration of the salt tolerance imparting agent in the treatment solution is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the type of salt tolerance imparting agent, the type of plant body, the growth stage, and the like.
- concentration of the salt tolerance-imparting agent in the treatment solution is too low, the salt tolerance-imparting agent has less chance of contacting the plant roots in the treatment solution, and the salt tolerance-imparting effect may be insufficient. is there.
- concentration of the salt tolerance-imparting agent in the treatment solution for obtaining a sufficient salt tolerance-imparting effect can be determined experimentally.
- the salt tolerance imparting agent is a microorganism
- a sufficient salt tolerance imparting effect can be obtained by setting the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution to 10 3 CFU / mL or more.
- the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution is preferably 10 4 CFU / mL or more, and more preferably 10 5 CFU / mL or more.
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent is a microorganism
- the upper limit of the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution is not particularly limited.
- the water quality of the treatment solution is favorably maintained by setting it to 10 13 CFU / mL or less. Can do.
- the upper limit of the concentration of the microorganism in the treatment solution is preferably 10 12 CFU / mL or less, more preferably 10 11 CFU / mL or less, and even more preferably 10 10 CFU / mL or less. It is particularly preferable to 10 9 CFU / mL or less.
- the concentration range of the microorganism in the treatment solution may be 10 3 to 10 13 CFU / mL, preferably 10 4 to 10 12 CFU / mL, and 10 5 to 10 11 CFU / mL. Is more preferably 10 5 to 10 10 CFU / mL, and particularly preferably 10 5 to 10 9 CFU / mL.
- 1 time of salt tolerance imparting treatment time that is, the time for immersing at least a part of the root of the plant body in the treatment solution is appropriately adjusted depending on the kind of plant body and the kind of salt tolerance imparting agent used.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment time is preferably 1 hour or longer, more preferably 18 hours or longer, further preferably 1 day or longer, and further preferably 1 to 7 days.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment can also be performed by installing the cultivation pot in the treatment tank in which the treatment solution is accommodated.
- the cultivation pot may be detachably fitted in the through hole of the float, or may be fixed so as not to be detached from the through hole of the float, and the float and the cultivation pot are integrally molded. May be.
- the material for the float that floats on the water surface of the treatment solution the same material as the float that floats on the water surface of the cultivation solution described later is used.
- the amount of the treatment solution used for the salt tolerance imparting treatment increases, a larger amount of salt tolerance imparting agent is required. Therefore, by providing the amount of the solution for treatment to the amount necessary and sufficient for the roots of the plant extending from the bottom of the cultivation pot to come into contact with each other, the salt tolerance imparted necessary for one salt tolerance imparting treatment is provided. The amount of the agent can be suppressed. However, if the amount of the treatment solution is too small, a sufficient amount of salt tolerance imparting agent may not come into contact with the roots of the plant body, so one cultivation pot is fitted per treatment tank. When only the plate is installed, the processing solution contained in the processing tank is preferably at least 5 mL.
- the seedling to which salt tolerance has been imparted by the salt tolerance imparting step is then hydroponically cultivated with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more.
- the sodium chloride concentration of the cultivation solution in the cultivation process may be 1% by mass or more, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the salt tolerance of the plant body to be cultivated.
- the cultivation solution used in the present invention preferably has a sodium chloride concentration of 1 to 4% by mass, more preferably 1.5 to 3.8% by mass, and 2 to 3.5% by mass. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 2.5 to 3.3% by mass.
- the cultivation solution used in the present invention preferably contains magnesium chloride in addition to sodium chloride, more preferably contains 0.5% by mass or less of magnesium chloride, and 0.1 to 0.5% by mass. More preferably, the magnesium chloride is contained.
- the cultivation solution used in the present invention preferably contains various nutritional components necessary for the growth of plants in addition to sodium chloride and magnesium chloride.
- the said nutrient component can be suitably adjusted according to the kind of plant body to grow.
- elements necessary for the growth of plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, molybdenum and boron are contained as salts.
- elements such as aluminum and silicon may be contained as salts.
- a solution for cultivation used in the present invention for example, a solution obtained by adding insufficient salts such as sodium chloride to a commercially available liquid fertilizer or a commercially available concentrated liquid fertilizer is replaced by water with seawater. A diluted solution can be used. A solution obtained by appropriately adding deficient salts such as phosphorus to seawater can also be used.
- hydroponics in the cultivation process can be performed by a general hydroponics method except that the sodium chloride concentration of the cultivation solution is 1% by mass or more.
- the cultivation process may be performed by a submerged hydroponics method in which a relatively large amount of cultivation solution is accumulated in a cultivation tank, or by a thin film hydroponics method in which the culture solution is allowed to flow down little by little on a flat surface having a gentle slope. You may go.
- the method for exchanging the cultivation solution in the cultivation tank may be a circulation type that circulates and is used, and is drained as it is after being used for a certain period in the cultivation tank. It may be non-circular.
- the circulation type after the cultivation solution is prepared in the cultivation solution preparation tank, it is put into the cultivation tank by a pump or the like, and is collected again from the cultivation tank to the cultivation solution preparation tank. Prepared.
- the submerged hydroponic method has, for example, a cultivation tank for accommodating a cultivation solution, a cultivation pot for accommodating a plant body, and one or more through holes for fitting the cultivation pot, and the cultivation solution It can carry out using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus provided with the float which floats on the water surface.
- the pot for cultivation may be detachably fitted in the through hole of the float, may be fixed so as not to be detached from the through hole of the float, or even if the float and the pot for cultivation are integrally molded Good.
- the cultivation tank may be installed indoors or may be installed outdoors.
- the cultivation tank has a water supply hole for injecting the cultivation solution and a drainage hole for draining the cultivation solution.
- the cultivation tank may include both a water supply hole and a drainage hole, or may include a water supply / drainage hole that performs both water supply and drainage. Supply and drainage of the cultivation solution to the cultivation tank is controlled by a pump and a valve.
- a pot for cultivation is provided with openings on at least the upper and lower surfaces, and is a container that can hold a support carrier, and generally a resin material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinylidene chloride is used. .
- a support carrier such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinylidene chloride is used.
- the above-mentioned carriers can be used.
- the float is formed of a material that floats on the water surface of the cultivation solution in a state where the cultivation pot in a state where the plant body is cultivated is fitted in the through hole.
- the material include expandable resins such as expanded polystyrene and expanded polypropylene.
- the number of floats floating in the cultivation tank may be one, or two or more.
- a float When the cultivation tank is installed outdoors, in order to suppress transpiration from the water surface of the cultivation solution, it is preferable to install a float so as to cover most of the water surface of the cultivation solution.
- the hydroponic cultivation apparatus to be used preferably includes an oxygen supply means for keeping the dissolved oxygen amount of the cultivation solution above a certain amount.
- the oxygen supply means include an air pump and an air soccer.
- the pH suitable for hydroponics varies depending on the type of plant, it is generally about 5.5 to 6.5. However, as the cultivation period becomes longer, the pH of the cultivation solution tends to increase. is there. For this reason, in order to perform hydroponics stably for a long period of time, the hydroponics apparatus to be used measures the pH of the solution for cultivation over time and adjusts the pH within a predetermined range as necessary. It is preferable that a pH control means for administering an acid substance is provided. Examples of the acid substance used for pH adjustment include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like.
- the salt tolerance imparting step and the cultivation step may be performed in the same cultivation tank, the salt tolerance imparting step is performed in the treatment tank containing the treatment solution, You may move to the cultivation tank which accommodated the cultivation solution.
- the cultivation pot In the initial growth process, after growing the seedling in a state supported by the support carrier held inside the cultivation pot, when performing salt tolerance imparting treatment in the treatment tank, the cultivation pot is used. Remove the float from the processing tank and insert it into the through hole of the float floating on the surface of the cultivation solution contained in the cultivation tank. You may float on the water surface of the solution for cultivation in a tank.
- the moving means for moving the cultivation pot or float from the processing tank to the cultivation tank is not particularly limited, and can be performed by, for example, a moving means using a water flow or movement on a conveyor. When a plurality of cultivation pots are installed per treatment tank, it is preferable to perform a bubbling treatment with an air pump in order to prevent stagnation of the treatment solution and to prevent oxygen deficiency.
- the treatment solution is accommodated in the cultivation tank, and the roots extending below the cultivation pot fitted in the float are brought into contact with the treatment solution.
- the treatment solution is preferably brought into contact with the roots of the plant under the condition that the amount of water supply / drainage is reduced or the water supply / drainage treatment is not performed.
- the amount of water supply / drainage is small or when water supply / drainage is not performed, stagnation occurs in the cultivation tank, which may adversely affect the plant itself. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately stir the processing solution by bubbling with an air pump.
- the salt tolerance imparting treatment After draining the treatment solution in the cultivation tank, and then supplying the cultivation solution prepared in another tank in advance into the cultivation tank, by performing water supply and drainage under normal supply and drainage conditions, Start the cultivation process.
- the salt tolerance-imparting agent is a substance that does not adversely affect the plant body even if it is excessively ingested itself, such as microorganisms
- the cultivation solution is usually supplied without draining the treatment solution. Water supply / drainage may be started under the water supply / drainage conditions.
- Cultivation with a cultivation solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more is necessarily performed over the entire cultivation period after the salt tolerance imparting treatment.
- a high salt concentration environment There is no.
- the period of cultivation in a high salt concentration environment is not particularly limited, for example, immediately after the salt tolerance imparting treatment, to a period of about one third of the whole period of the cultivation period, to a period of about one half. For example, up to a period of about two thirds. From the viewpoint of improving the amino acid content of tomatoes, it is preferable to perform cultivation under a high salt concentration environment immediately after the salt tolerance imparting treatment and over the entire cultivation period.
- Seedlings with insufficient salt tolerance will die if grown in a high salt concentration environment for a certain period in the cultivation process. Withered plants cause rot and cause germs to grow in the cultivation solution. There is also a risk that seedlings to which salt tolerance has been given due to contamination of the cultivation solution will die due to disease or the like. For this reason, it is preferable to have the removal process which removes a dead seedling after a salt tolerance provision process or during a cultivation process.
- the salt tolerance imparting step is performed using a treatment solution having a sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass or more, it is preferably performed after the salt tolerance imparting step and before the cultivation step is started. In the cultivation of agricultural products, the yield in the actual cultivation area can be improved by removing the dead seedling from the cultivation tank.
- the seedlings that do not die when grown for a certain period in a high salt concentration environment are plants whose salt tolerance has been reliably improved by the salt tolerance imparting agent. I can confirm. And the quality assurance as a salt-tolerant seedling can also be obtained about the salt-tolerant seedling grown in this invention by removing the withered seedling.
- the cultivation process may be performed in an indoor type in which the cultivation tank is installed indoors, or may be an outdoor open type in which the cultivation tank is installed outdoors.
- the method for producing tomatoes according to the present invention comprises a tomato that satisfies the above-mentioned values relating to the amount of free amino acids, sodium content, water content, or sugar content related to the edible part of the fruit of the tomatoes of the present invention from the harvested tomato fruits. You may have further the selection process to select.
- the tomato production method according to the present invention can produce the tomato according to the present invention using salt water or seawater.
- Example 1A The surface of the seed of tomato (Amafuku) was sterilized with hypochlorous acid and then sown on a sponge sufficiently soaked with water (fresh water). The seedlings grown for 2 weeks after germination were grown for 1 week in a natural environment with the humidity gradually lowered to acclimate to the environment. This seedling was planted in a hydroponics bed and further grown for several days. The microorganisms described in Plant, Cell and Environment, (2009) 32, 1682-1694 were cultured and centrifuged to obtain a microorganism pellet.
- Table 1 also shows the mass% of sodium contained in the edible part of the tomato fruit described in the Japanese Food Standard Ingredients Table 2015 edition (seventh revision).
- Example 1A had a higher sodium concentration and a lower water content than the tomato fruit described in the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table and the tomato fruit of Comparative Example 1A.
- the sugar content (Brix) in the edible part of the fruit was measured.
- the sugar content (Brix) in the edible part of the fruit was 12.9.
- the sugar content (Brix) is a value obtained by measuring the sugar content of tomato juice with a sugar content refractometer.
- Example 1A Long life
- Comparative Example 2A The tomato fruits of Example 1A and Comparative Example 2A were harvested and allowed to stand at room temperature, and the degree of fruit damage (degree of spoilage) after the passage of time was observed. Compared to the tomato fruit obtained in Comparative Example 2A, the tomato fruit obtained in Example 1A was less likely to rot and had better shelf life.
- Example 2A Tomato (Ganfuku) was hydroponically cultivated by the same cultivation method as in Example 1A, and the fruit that grew on the plant body was harvested. After harvesting, the fruits were allowed to stand at room temperature, and the degree of damage (degree of spoilage) of the fruits after the passage of time was observed (Examples 2A-1, 2A-2).
- salt water sodium chloride concentration 1 mass% ((Example 2A-1)) or seawater (sodium chloride concentration 3 mass%) (Example 2A-2) was used as the cultivation solution for hydroponics.
- Various nutrients necessary for hydroponics were added to the cultivation solution, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- the tomato fruit obtained in Comparative Example 3A started to deform on the 6th day after harvesting, and began to rot on the 14th day after harvesting. On the 20th day after harvesting, rot went on and leakage of juice was observed. On the other hand, the tomato fruit obtained in Example 2A became overripe on the 14th day after harvest in both Examples 2-1 and 2-2. Did not start.
- Example 1B The surface of the seed of tomato (Amafuku) was sterilized with hypochlorous acid and then sown on a sponge sufficiently soaked with water (fresh water). The seedlings grown for 2 weeks after germination were grown for 1 week in a natural environment with the humidity gradually lowered to acclimate to the environment. This seedling was planted in a hydroponics bed and further grown for several days. The microorganisms described in Plant, Cell and Environment, (2009) 32, 1682-1694 were cultured and centrifuged to obtain a microorganism pellet.
- FIG. 1A is a photograph of tomatoes hydroponically cultivated in Comparative Example 1B.
- FIG. 1B is a photograph of tomatoes hydroponically cultivated in Example 1B.
- TYLCV tomato yellow leaf curl virus
- Tomato yellow leaf curl disease is a viral disease caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Tomato yellow leaf curl virus is mediated by whiteflies and is considered to have a strong spread.
- the tomatoes cultivated in Example 1B and the tomatoes cultivated in Comparative Example 1B are cultivated at the same time in the same greenhouse, but the tomatoes cultivated in Example 1B suffer from yellowing cigar virus Was not recognized. From the above, it was shown that resistance to viral diseases was imparted to tomatoes by the resistance imparting method according to the present invention.
- Example 2B Hydroponic cultivation of tomato (Amafuku) was performed by the same cultivation method as in Example 1B. In addition, seawater (sodium chloride concentration 3 mass%) was used for the cultivation solution for hydroponics. Various nutrients necessary for hydroponics were added to the cultivation solution.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of the tomatoes hydroponically cultivated in Example 2B. In the tomatoes cultivated in Example 1B, morbidity with yellowing cigar virus was not confirmed.
- Example 3B Hydroponic cultivation of tomato (Amafuku) was performed by the same cultivation method as in Example 1B. In addition, salt water (sodium chloride concentration 1.5 mass%) was used for the cultivation solution for hydroponics. Various nutrients necessary for hydroponics were added to the cultivation solution.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of tomatoes hydroponically cultivated in Example 3B and Comparative Example 2B.
- the tomatoes (freshwater cultivation section) cultivated in Comparative Example 2B infection of powdery mildew was confirmed in 8 out of 8 strains.
- no infection with powdery mildew was observed in all 24 tomatoes grown in Example 3B (salt water cultivation district).
- Powdery mildew is a fungal plant disease caused by an ascomycete belonging to the family Udonoptera. Since powdery mildew is airborne, it is usually thought that the infection will spread to plants grown in the same room. However, the tomatoes cultivated in Example 3B and the tomatoes cultivated in Comparative Example 2B were cultivated simultaneously in the same greenhouse, but infection with powdery mildew was cultivated in Comparative Example 2B. In the tomatoes observed only in tomatoes and grown in Example 3B, no infection with powdery mildew was observed. From the above, it was shown that the resistance to powdery mildew was imparted to tomato by the resistance imparting method according to the present invention.
- Example 1C The surface of the seed of tomato (Amafuku) was sterilized with hypochlorous acid and then sown on a sponge sufficiently soaked with water (fresh water). The seedlings grown for 2 weeks after germination were grown for 1 week in a natural environment with the humidity gradually lowered to acclimate to the environment. This seedling was planted in a hydroponics bed and further grown for several days. The microorganisms described in Plant, Cell and Environment, (2009) 32, 1682-1694 were cultured and centrifuged to obtain a microorganism pellet.
- the fresh water in the water tank of the hydroponics bed is exchanged for salt water (sodium chloride concentration 1% by mass), and the pellet-like microorganisms obtained above are resuspended in a buffer solution in salt water or sea water in the water tank.
- Salt water sodium chloride concentration 1% by mass
- the pellet-like microorganisms obtained above are resuspended in a buffer solution in salt water or sea water in the water tank.
- was added to prepare a treatment solution and the time for contact between the plant roots and the microorganisms was set for 3 hours or longer to provide chlorination resistance.
- the treatment solution in the water tank of the hydroponics bed was replaced with seawater (sodium chloride concentration: 3% by mass), and hydroponics were performed in the greenhouse.
- what added various nutrients required for hydroponics was used for the salt water or seawater used in the Example.
- Example 1C has a larger amount of free amino acids per gram than the general tomato fruit shown in the Japanese food standard ingredient table.
- the amount of free amino acid per gram was 5 times or more compared to the general tomato fruit shown in the Japanese food standard ingredient table.
- the contents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid known as umami components were high.
- Example 2C Tomato (Ganfuku) was hydroponically cultivated by the same cultivation method as in Example 1C, and the fruit that grew on the plant body was harvested.
- the cultivation solution for hydroponics includes salt water (sodium chloride concentration of 1% by mass (Example 2C-1) or sodium chloride concentration of 2% by mass (Example 2C-2)) or seawater (sodium chloride concentration). 3% by mass) (Example 2C-3) was used.
- Various nutrients necessary for hydroponics were added to the cultivation solution.
- the amount and sugar content of free amino acids contained in the edible part of the obtained tomato fruit were measured (Examples 2C-1 to 2C-3). The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- Example 2C has a larger amount of standard amino acid per gram than the tomato fruit cultivated in Comparative Example 1C.
- the tomato fruit cultivated in Example 2C has a larger amount of non-standard amino acids such as phosphoserine, ⁇ -alanine, and ⁇ -amino acid than the tomato fruit cultivated in Comparative Example 1C.
- the tomato fruit cultivated with the cultivation solution having a higher sodium chloride concentration tended to have a higher standard amino acid total amount and a higher amount of each amino acid.
- the resistance imparting method according to the present invention can impart resistance to pests to plants.
- the tomato fruit according to the present invention has a free amino acid content different from that of a conventional tomato and has a unique flavor.
- the content of free amino acids is different from that of conventional tomato fruits, and tomato fruits having a specific flavor can be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2016年9月29日に、日本に出願された特願2016-192096号、2016年9月29日に、日本に出願された特願2016-191983号、及び2016年9月29日に、日本に出願された特願2016-191962号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
植物に病害虫への抵抗性を付与する方法として、遺伝子組換え技術を用いる方法(例えば、特許文献5参照。)が知られている。しかし、遺伝子改変植物は、安全性への懸念の問題もあるため、遺伝子組換え技術を使用せずに、植物に抵抗性を付与することが好ましい。
近年、従来のトマトよりも高い糖度を有する、いわゆるフルーツトマトの人気が高まっている。また、熊本県の塩分濃度が高い土壌で栽培されたトマトは、塩トマトと呼ばれ、高い糖度を有する高級トマトとして販売されている。しかし、塩トマトは収穫できる量が限られており、また収穫量が非常に不安定となりやすいとされる(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。
上記のような問題に鑑み、本発明は、植物体に対する優れた病害虫への抵抗性付与方法を提供することを目的とする。
上記のような問題に鑑み、本発明は、安定的に収穫でき、より風味の改善が図られたトマト、及び当該トマトの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
[1] 日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)に記載された品目に該当し、
可食部の単位質量あたりに含まれるナトリウムの質量が、日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)の記載に基づく値の50倍以上である植物体。
[2] 果実の可食部に含まれるナトリウムが0.15質量%以上である、前記[1]に記載の植物体。
[3] 果実の可食部の水分含量が90質量%以下である、前記[1]又は[2]に記載の植物体。
[4] 果実の可食部における糖度(Brix)が8以上である、前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の植物体。
[5] 前記植物体がトマトである前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の植物体。
[6] 植物体の根の少なくとも一部に耐塩性付与剤を接触させる耐塩性付与処理を行う耐塩性付与工程と、
前記耐塩性付与工程により耐塩性が付与された前記植物体を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培する栽培工程と、
を有する、前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の植物体の製造方法。
[1] 植物体の根の少なくとも一部に耐塩性付与剤を接触させる耐塩性付与処理を行う耐塩性付与工程と、
前記耐塩性付与工程により耐塩性が付与された前記植物体を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培する栽培工程と、
を有することによって前記植物体に病害虫への抵抗性を付与する、抵抗性付与方法。
[2] 前記耐塩性付与工程の前に、前記植物体の種子又は球根を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%未満である環境下で、発芽及び発根させる初期生育工程を有する、前記[1]の抵抗性付与方法。
[3] 前記初期生育工程において、種子又は球根の発芽及び発根を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が0.5質量%以下である環境下で行う、前記[2]の抵抗性付与方法。
[4] 前記耐塩性付与処理が、耐塩性付与剤を含有し、かつ塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である処理用溶液に、前記植物体の根の少なくとも一部を浸漬させる処理である、前記[1]~[3]のいずれかの抵抗性付与方法。
[5] 前記植物体の根の少なくとも一部を前記処理用溶液に、1時間以上浸漬させる、前記[4]の抵抗性付与方法。
[6] 前記耐塩性付与剤が、根に付着することによって植物体に耐塩性を付与する微生物であり、
前記処理用溶液における前記微生物の濃度が103CFU/mL以上である、前記[4]又は[5]の抵抗性付与方法。
[7] 前記栽培用溶液が、さらに、0.5質量%以下の塩化マグネシウムを含有する、前記[1]~[6]のいずれかの抵抗性付与方法。
[8] 前記耐塩性付与剤が、1種類又は2種類以上の微生物である、前記[1]~[7]のいずれかの抵抗性付与方法。
[9] 前記植物体がナス科の植物である、前記[1]~[8]のいずれかの抵抗性付与方法。
[10] 前記抵抗性が、ウイルス病抵抗性である、前記[1]~[9]のいずれかの抵抗性付与方法。
[11] 前記抵抗性が、真菌病抵抗性である、前記[1]~[9]のいずれかの抵抗性付与方法。
[1] 果実の可食部100gあたりに含まれる下記遊離アミノ酸の量が、以下の(1)~(20)から選ばれる1又は2つ以上を満たすトマト。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が200mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が40mg以上である
(3)遊離アルギニンの量が6mg以上である
(4)遊離イソロイシンの量が6mg以上である
(5)遊離アラニンの量が8mg以上である
(6)遊離セリンの量が15mg以上である
(7)遊離リジンの量が7mg以上である
(8)遊離ヒスチジンの量が7mg以上である
(9)遊離フェニルアラニンの量が12mg以上である
(10)遊離チロシンの量が4mg以上である
(11)遊離ロイシンの量が4mg以上である
(12)遊離メチオニンの量が2mg以上である
(13)遊離バリンの量が3.5mg以上である
(14)遊離グリシンの量が2mg以上である
(15)遊離プロリンの量が50mg以下である
(16)遊離スレオニンの量が10mg以上である
(17)遊離トリプトファンの量が2mg以上である
(18)遊離ホスホセリンの量が1.2mg以上である
(19)遊離β-アラニンの量が2mg以上である
(20)遊離γ-アミノ酪酸の量が80mg以上である
[2] 前記(1)、(2)、(4)~(6)、(8)、(13)、(14)及び(16)から選ばれる1又は2つ以上を満たす、前記[1]のトマト。
[3] 前記(1)、(5)、(6)、(14)及び(16)から選ばれる1又は2つ以上を満たす、前記[2]のトマト。
[4] 前記(1)~(6)から選ばれる1又は2つ以上を満たし、前記(1)~(6)の果実の可食部100gあたりに含まれる下記遊離アミノ酸の量が、以下の値である前記[1]のトマト。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が500mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が100mg以上である
(3)遊離アルギニンの量が10mg以上である
(4)遊離イソロイシンの量が10mg以上である
(5)遊離アラニンの量が10mg以上である
(6)遊離セリンの量が70mg以上である
[5] 前記(1)~(2)から選ばれる1又は2つを満たす前記[4]のトマト。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が500mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が100mg以上である
[6] 果実の可食部に含まれるナトリウムが0.15質量%以上である、前記[1]~[5]のいずれかのトマト。
[7] 果実の可食部の水分含量が90質量%以下である、前記[1]~[6]のいずれかのトマト。
[8] 果実の可食部における糖度(Brix)が8以上である、前記[1]~[7]のいずれかのトマト。
[9] トマトの根の少なくとも一部に耐塩性付与剤を接触させる耐塩性付与処理を行う耐塩性付与工程と、
前記耐塩性付与工程により耐塩性が付与された前記トマトを、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培する栽培工程と、
を有する、前記[1]~[7]のいずれかのトマトの製造方法。
本発明に係る抵抗性付与方法により、植物体に対し、病害虫への抵抗性を付与することができる。
本発明に係るトマトの果実は、従来のトマトと比べ遊離アミノ酸含有量が異なり、特有の風味を有する。
本発明に係るトマトの製造方法により、従来のトマトの果実と比べ遊離アミノ酸含有量が異なり、特有の風味を有するトマトの果実を得ることができる。
本発明に係る植物体は、日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)に記載された品目に該当し、可食部の単位質量あたりに含まれるナトリウムの質量が、日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)の記載に基づく値の50倍以上であることを特徴とする。
本発明に係る植物体は、日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)に記載された品目に該当し、可食部の単位質量あたりに含まれるナトリウムの質量が、日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)の記載に基づく値の55~100倍上であることが好ましく、60~90倍であることがより好ましく、70~80倍であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明に係る植物体が果実である場合、果実の可食部の水分含量が90質量%以下であることが好ましく、80~90質量%であることが好ましく、83~89質量%であることがより好ましく、85~88質量%であることがさらに好ましい。水分含量は、公知の方法により測定できる。例えば、市販の乾燥器を用いた加熱乾燥法により求めることができる。
本発明に係る前記果実の、前記ナトリウムの含有率、前記水分含量、及び前記糖度は、果実の可食部全体における量を測定して、求めることができる。
また、単子葉植物であってもよく、双子葉植物であってもよい。具体的には、イネ、トウモロコシ、モロコシ、コムギ、オオムギ、ライムギ、ヒエ、アワ等のイネ科の植物;トマト、ナス、パプリカ、ピーマン、ジャガイモ、タバコ等のナス科の植物;シロイヌナズナ、セイヨウアブラナ、ナズナ、ダイコン、キャベツ、紫キャベツ、メキャベツ(プチヴェール)、ハクサイ、チンゲンサイ、ケール、クレソン、小松菜、ブロッコリー、カリフラワー、カブ、ワサビ、マスタード等のアブラナ科の植物;キュウリ、ニガウリ、カボチャ、メロン、スイカ、等のウリ科の植物;ブドウ等のブドウ科の植物;レモン、オレンジ、ネーブルオレンジ、グレープフルーツ、ミカン、ライム、スダチ、ユズ、シイクワシャー、タンカン等のミカン科の植物;リンゴ、サクラ、ウメ、モモ、ビワ、アンズ、プラム(スモモ)、プルーン、アーモンド、ナシ、洋ナシ、イチゴ、ラズベリー、ブラックベリー、カシス、クランベリー、ブルーベリー等のバラ科の植物;ダイズ、インゲンマメ、エンドウマメ、ソラマメ、エダマメ、リョクトウ、ヒヨコマメ等のマメ科の植物;ハス(レンコン)等のハス科の植物;ゴマ等のゴマ科の植物;ホウレンソウ、ビート、テンサイ、キヌア、ヒユ、アマランサス、ケイトウ等のアカザ科の植物;ナツメヤシ、アブラヤシ、ココヤシ、アサイー等のヤシ科の植物;バナナ、バショウ、マニラアサ等のバショウ科の植物;ワタ、オクラ等のアオイ科の植物;ユーカリ等のフトモモ科の植物;フウチョウソウ、セイヨウフウチョウソウ等のフウチョウソウ科の植物等が挙げられる。
これらのなかでは、ナス科の植物が好ましく、トマト(Solanum lycopersicum)がより好ましい。
また、質量あたりのナトリウム含有量が高く、長期間にわたり良好な風味を維持可能であり、日持ち性に優れる。
本発明に係る植物体によれば、収穫した植物体を保存料で処理せずとも、優れた日持ち性が発揮される。
本発明に係る植物体の製造方法は、植物体の根の少なくとも一部に耐塩性付与剤を接触させる耐塩性付与処理を行う耐塩性付与工程と、前記耐塩性付与工程により耐塩性が付与された前記植物体を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培する栽培工程と、を有する。耐塩性付与工程は、本来耐塩性の低い植物体に、耐塩性付与剤で処理することによって耐塩性を付与し、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上という非常に塩濃度の高い環境下で栽培可能とするための工程である。耐塩性が付与された植物体は、続く栽培工程によって、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培できる。
耐塩性付与工程および栽培工程を行うことにより、栽培用溶液に含まれる塩化ナトリウムに由来するナトリウムが植物体に移行し、ナトリウムが多く含有された本発明に係る植物体を製造することができる。
ただし、給排水量が少ない場合や給排水を行わない場合には、栽培用槽内によどみが生じてしまい、植物体自体に悪影響を及ぼすおそれがある。そこで、エアーポンプによるバブリング処理によって処理用溶液を適宜撹拌することが好ましい。
本発明に係る抵抗性付与方法は、植物体の根の少なくとも一部に耐塩性付与剤を接触させる耐塩性付与処理を行う耐塩性付与工程と、前記耐塩性付与工程により耐塩性が付与された前記植物体を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培する栽培工程と、を有する。耐塩性付与工程は、本来耐塩性の低い植物体に、耐塩性付与剤で処理することによって耐塩性を付与し、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上という非常に塩濃度の高い環境下で栽培可能とするための工程である。耐塩性が付与された植物体は、続く栽培工程によって、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培できる。
耐塩性付与工程および栽培工程を行うことにより、植物体に病害虫への抵抗性を付与することができる。
ただし、給排水量が少ない場合や給排水を行わない場合には、栽培用槽内によどみが生じてしまい、植物体自体に悪影響を及ぼすおそれがある。そこで、エアーポンプによるバブリング処理によって処理用溶液を適宜撹拌することが好ましい。
また、単子葉植物であってもよく、双子葉植物であってもよい。具体的には、イネ、トウモロコシ、モロコシ、コムギ、オオムギ、ライムギ、ヒエ、アワ等のイネ科の植物;トマト、ナス、パプリカ、ピーマン、ジャガイモ、タバコ等のナス科の植物;シロイヌナズナ、セイヨウアブラナ、ナズナ、ダイコン、キャベツ、紫キャベツ、メキャベツ(プチヴェール)、ハクサイ、チンゲンサイ、ケール、クレソン、小松菜、ブロッコリー、カリフラワー、カブ、ワサビ、マスタード等のアブラナ科の植物;キュウリ、ニガウリ、カボチャ、メロン、スイカ、等のウリ科の植物;ブドウ等のブドウ科の植物;レモン、オレンジ、ネーブルオレンジ、グレープフルーツ、ミカン、ライム、スダチ、ユズ、シイクワシャー、タンカン等のミカン科の植物;リンゴ、サクラ、ウメ、モモ、ビワ、アンズ、プラム(スモモ)、プルーン、アーモンド、ナシ、洋ナシ、イチゴ、ラズベリー、ブラックベリー、カシス、クランベリー、ブルーベリー等のバラ科の植物;ダイズ、インゲンマメ、エンドウマメ、ソラマメ、エダマメ、リョクトウ、ヒヨコマメ等のマメ科の植物;ハス(レンコン)等のハス科の植物;ゴマ等のゴマ科の植物;ホウレンソウ、ビート、テンサイ、キヌア、ヒユ、アマランサス、ケイトウ等のアカザ科の植物;ナツメヤシ、アブラヤシ、ココヤシ、アサイー等のヤシ科の植物;バナナ、バショウ、マニラアサ等のバショウ科の植物;ワタ、オクラ等のアオイ科の植物;ユーカリ等のフトモモ科の植物;フウチョウソウ、セイヨウフウチョウソウ等のフウチョウソウ科の植物等が挙げられる。
これらのなかでは、ナス科の植物が好ましく、トマト(Solanum lycopersicum)がより好ましい。
これら病原体のなかでも、ウイルス又は真菌が病原となるウイルス病又は真菌病に対する、ウイルス病抵抗性又は真菌病抵抗性が付与されることが好ましい。ウイルス病又は真菌病は、有効な農薬に乏しく、防除が難しいものが多いが、本発明に係る抵抗性付与方法によれば、容易に植物体にウイルス病又は真菌病に対する抵抗性を付与することができる。
本発明に係るトマトは、果実の可食部100gあたりに含まれる下記遊離アミノ酸の量が、以下の(1)~(20)から選ばれる1又は2つ以上を満たすことを特徴とする。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が200mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が40mg以上である
(3)遊離アルギニンの量が6mg以上である
(4)遊離イソロイシンの量が6mg以上である
(5)遊離アラニンの量が8mg以上である
(6)遊離セリンの量が15mg以上である
(7)遊離リジンの量が7mg以上である
(8)遊離ヒスチジンの量が7mg以上である
(9)遊離フェニルアラニンの量が12mg以上である
(10)遊離チロシンの量が4mg以上である
(11)遊離ロイシンの量が4mg以上である
(12)遊離メチオニンの量が2mg以上である
(13)遊離バリンの量が3.5mg以上である
(14)遊離グリシンの量が2mg以上である
(15)遊離プロリンの量が50mg以下である
(16)遊離スレオニンの量が10mg以上である
(17)遊離トリプトファンの量が2mg以上である
(18)遊離ホスホセリンの量が1.2mg以上である
(19)遊離β-アラニンの量が2mg以上である
(20)遊離γ-アミノ酪酸の量が80mg以上である
グルタミン酸は、うまみ成分であり、トマトの果実にうまみを与える。また、グルタミン酸は、興奮性の神経伝達物質であり、疲労回復に効果がある。
アスパラギン酸は、疲労回復に効果があり、即効性のエネルギー源でもある。
アルギニンは、免疫機能向上、血管拡張作用等の効果を有する。
イソロイシンは、必須アミノ酸であり、エネルギー源となる。また、イソロイシンは、血管拡張、成長促進、筋力強化、疲労回復等の効果を有する。
アラニンは、エネルギー源となり、免疫機能向上、肝臓の活性向上(アルコール分解)等の効果を有する。
セリンは、睡眠の質改善、脳機能補助等の効果を有する。
リジンは、必須アミノ酸であり、体組織修復作用を有し、不足すると成長障害を生じる。また、ウイルス抑制効果を有する。
ヒスチジンは、必須アミノ酸であり、白血球・赤血球形成作用を有する。また、ヒスチジンは、食欲抑制効果を有する。
フェニルアラニンは、必須アミノ酸であり、鎮痛作用、抗うつ作用、記憶力向上効果等を有する。
チロシンは、神経伝達物質等の前駆体であり、集中力向上等の効果を有する。
ロイシンは、必須アミノ酸であり、エネルギー源となる。また、ロイシンは、筋力強化、肝機能向上等の効果を有する。
メチオニンは、必須アミノ酸であり、アレルギー反応抑制効果、抑うつ効果、肝臓・腎臓機能改善効果等を有する。
バリンは、必須アミノ酸であり、エネルギー源となる。また、バリンは、成長促進、肝機能向上等の効果を有する。
グリシンは、睡眠の質向上等の効果を有する。
プロリンは、関節痛改善、美肌等の効果を有し、天然保湿成分でもある。
スレオニンは、必須アミノ酸であり、成長促進、肝機能改善等の効果を有する。
トリプトファンは、必須アミノ酸であり、セロトニン前駆体として精神安定作用を有する。また、トリプトファンは、鎮静作用、安眠効果等を有する。
ホスホセリンは、セリンの前駆体であり、セリンと同様に、睡眠の質改善、脳機能補助等の効果を有する。
β-アラニンは、疲労抑制、認知機能改善等の効果を有する。
γ-アミノ酪酸は、脳機能改善効果、血圧改善効果等を有する。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が200mg以上、好ましくは300mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が40mg以上である
(3)遊離イソロイシンの量が6mg以上である
(4)遊離アラニンの量が8mg以上である
(5)遊離セリンの量が15mg以上、好ましくは30mg以上である
(6)遊離ヒスチジンの量が7mg以上である
(7)遊離バリンの量が3.5mg以上、好ましくは4mg以上である
(8)遊離グリシンの量が2mg以上である
(9)遊離スレオニンの量が10mg以上である
(10)遊離ホスホセリンの量が1.2mg以上である
(11)遊離β-アラニンの量が2mg以上、好ましくは3mg以上である
(12)遊離γ-アミノ酪酸の量が80mg以上、好ましくは100mg以上、より好ましくは150mg以上である
上記(1)~(12)から選ばれる5以上を満たすことが好ましく、10以上を満たすことがより好ましく、全てを満たすことがさらに好ましい。
また、アスパラギン及びグルタミンを除く遊離の標準アミノ酸の総量は、300mg以上であることが好ましく、400mg以上であることがより好ましい。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が200mg以上、好ましくは300mg以上、より好ましくは500mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が40mg以上、好ましくは50mg以上、より好ましくは70mg以上である
(3)遊離アルギニンの量が6mg以上である
(4)遊離イソロイシンの量が6mg以上、好ましくは7mg以上、より好ましくは8mg以上である
(5)遊離アラニンの量が8mg以上、好ましくは9mg以上、より好ましくは10mg以上、さらに好ましくは20mg以上である
(6)遊離セリンの量が15mg以上、好ましくは30mg以上、より好ましくは、さらに好ましくは40mg以上、特に好ましくは50mg以上である
(7)遊離リジンの量が7mg以上である
(8)遊離ヒスチジンの量が7mg以上、より好ましくは10mg以上である
(9)遊離ロイシンの量が4mg以上である
(10)遊離バリンの量が3.5mg以上である
(11)遊離グリシンの量が2mg以上である
(12)遊離スレオニンの量が10mg以上、好ましくは15mg以上である
(13)遊離ホスホセリンの量が1.2mg以上、好ましくは1.5mg以上である
(14)遊離β-アラニンの量が2mg以上、好ましくは3mg以上、より好ましくは4mg以上である
(15)遊離γ-アミノ酪酸の量が80mg以上、好ましくは100mg以上、より好ましくは150mg以上である
上記(1)~(15)から選ばれる5以上を満たすことが好ましく、10以上を満たすことがより好ましく、全てを満たすことがさらに好ましい。
また、アスパラギン及びグルタミンを除く遊離の標準アミノ酸の総量は、500mg以上であることが好ましく、600mg以上であることがより好ましく、800mg以上であることがさらに好ましく、900mg以上であることが特に好ましい。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が200mg以上、好ましくは300mg以上、より好ましくは500mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が40mg以上、好ましくは50mg以上、より好ましくは70mg以上、さらに好ましくは85mg以上、特に好ましくは100mg以上である
(3)遊離アルギニンの量が6mg以上、好ましくは10mg以上である
(4)遊離イソロイシンの量が6mg以上、好ましくは7mg以上、より好ましくは8mg以上、さらに好ましくは10mg以上である
(5)遊離アラニンの量が8mg以上、好ましくは9mg以上、より好ましくは10mg以上である
(6)遊離セリンの量が15mg以上、好ましくは30mg以上、好ましくは、より好ましくは40mg以上、さらに好ましくは50mg以上、特に好ましくは70mg以上である
(7)遊離リジンの量が7mg以上、好ましくは10mg以上である
(8)遊離ヒスチジンの量が7mg以上、より好ましくは10mg以上、さらに好ましくは15mg以上、特にに好ましくは20mg以上である
(9)遊離フェニルアラニンの量が12mg以上である
(10)遊離チロシンの量が4mg以上である
(11)遊離ロイシンの量が4mg以上、好ましくは6mg以上である
(12)遊離メチオニンの量が2mg以上である
(13)遊離バリンの量が3.5mg以上、好ましくは7mg以上である
(14)遊離グリシンの量が2mg以上、好ましくは3mg以上である
(15)遊離スレオニンの量が10mg以上、好ましくは15mg以上、より好ましくは23mg以上である
(16)遊離トリプトファンの量が2mg以上である
上記(1)~(16)から選ばれる5以上を満たすことが好ましく、10以上を満たすことがより好ましく、全てを満たすことがさらに好ましい。
また、アスパラギン及びグルタミンを除く遊離の標準アミノ酸の総量は、500mg以上であることが好ましく、600mg以上であることがより好ましく、800mg以上であることがさらに好ましく、900mg以上であることが特に好ましい。
本発明に係る前記トマトの果実の、前記遊離アミノ酸量、前記ナトリウムの含有率、前記水分含量、及び前記糖度は、果実の可食部全体における量を測定して、求めることができる。
本発明に係るトマトの製造方法は、トマトの根の少なくとも一部に耐塩性付与剤を接触させる耐塩性付与処理を行う耐塩性付与工程と、
前記耐塩性付与工程により耐塩性が付与された前記トマトを、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培する栽培工程と、を有する。耐塩性付与工程は、本来耐塩性の低い植物体に、耐塩性付与剤で処理することによって耐塩性を付与し、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上という非常に塩濃度の高い環境下で栽培可能とするための工程である。耐塩性が付与された植物体は、続く栽培工程によって、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培できる。
耐塩性付与工程および栽培工程を行うことにより、本発明に係るトマトを製造することができる。
ただし、給排水量が少ない場合や給排水を行わない場合には、栽培用槽内によどみが生じてしまい、植物体自体に悪影響を及ぼすおそれがある。そこで、エアーポンプによるバブリング処理によって処理用溶液を適宜撹拌することが好ましい。
トマト(甘福)の種の表面を、次亜塩素酸にて滅菌した後、十分に水(淡水)を含ませたスポンジ上に播種した。発芽後、2週間生育させた苗に対して、環境に慣らすために徐々に湿度を下げて自然環境で1週間生育させた。この苗を水耕栽培ベットに定植し、更に数日間生育させた。
Plant, Cell and Environment, (2009) 32, 1682-1694に記載されている微生物を培養し、遠心分離することで微生物のペレットを得た。
上記の水耕栽培ベットの水槽の淡水を、塩水(塩化ナトリウム濃度1質量%)に交換し、水槽中の塩水に、上記で得たペレット状の微生物を緩衝液に再懸濁したものを添加して処理用溶液とし、植物の根と微生物が接触する時間を3時間以上設けることで耐塩化を行った。
次いで、水耕栽培ベットの水槽の前記処理用溶液を、塩水(塩化ナトリウム濃度1質量%)へと交換し、温室内で水耕栽培を行った。なお、実施例で使用した塩水は、水耕栽培に必要な各種栄養素を添加したものを用いた。
上記で栽培した植物体に実った果実を収穫し、トマトの果実の可食部に含まれるナトリウムの質量%を計測した(実施例1A-1~1A-3)。結果を表1に示す。
「塩トマト」の商品名で市販されているトマトの果実を入手し、トマトの果実の可食部に含まれるナトリウムの質量%を計測した(比較例1A-1~1A-4)。結果を表1に示す。
トマト(甘福)の種の表面を、次亜塩素酸にて滅菌した後、十分に水(淡水)を含ませたスポンジ上に播種した。発芽後、2週間生育させた苗に対して、環境に慣らすために徐々に湿度を下げて自然環境で1週間生育させた。この苗を水耕栽培ベットに定植し、温室内で水耕栽培を行った。なお、水耕栽培は、水耕栽培用の栄養素を含む水耕栽培用溶液を用いた。
実施例1Aと比較例2Aのトマトの果実を収穫後、室温で放置して、時間経過後の果実の傷み具合(腐敗の程度)を観察した。比較例2Aで得られたトマトの果実に比べて、実施例1Aで得られたトマトの果実のほうが、腐敗し難く日持ちに優れていた。
上記実施例1Aと同様の栽培方法でトマト(甘福)を水耕栽培し、植物体に実った果実を収穫した。収穫後、果実を室温で放置して、時間経過後の果実の傷み具合(腐敗の程度)を観察した(実施例2A-1、2A-2)。なお、水耕栽培用の栽培用溶液には、塩水(塩化ナトリウム濃度1質量%((実施例2A-1)又は海水(塩化ナトリウム濃度3質量%)(実施例2A-2)を用いた。栽培用溶液には、水耕栽培に必要な各種栄養素を添加した。結果を表2に示す。
上記比較例2Aと同様の方法でトマト(甘福)を水耕栽培し、植物体に実った果実を収穫した。収穫後、果実を室温で放置して、時間経過後の果実の傷み具合(腐敗の程度)を観察した(比較例3A-1)。結果を表2に示す。
一方、実施例2Aで得られたトマトの果実は、実施例2-1及び実施例2-2のいずれも、収穫後14日目で過熟状態となったが、収穫後20日目でも腐敗は始まらなかった。
トマト(甘福)の種の表面を、次亜塩素酸にて滅菌した後、十分に水(淡水)を含ませたスポンジ上に播種した。発芽後、2週間生育させた苗に対して、環境に慣らすために徐々に湿度を下げて自然環境で1週間生育させた。この苗を水耕栽培ベットに定植し、更に数日間生育させた。
Plant, Cell and Environment, (2009) 32, 1682-1694に記載されている微生物を培養し、遠心分離することで微生物のペレットを得た。
上記の水耕栽培ベットの水槽の淡水を、塩水(塩化ナトリウム濃度1質量%)に交換し、水槽中の塩水に、上記で得たペレット状の微生物を緩衝液に再懸濁したものを添加して処理用溶液とし、植物の根と微生物が接触する時間を3時間以上設けることで耐塩化を行った。
次いで、水耕栽培ベットの水槽の前記処理用溶液を、塩水(塩化ナトリウム濃度1質量%)へと交換し、温室内で水耕栽培を行った。なお、実施例で使用した塩水又は海水は、水耕栽培に必要な各種栄養素を添加したものを用いた。
トマト(甘福)の種の表面を、次亜塩素酸にて滅菌した後、十分に水(淡水)を含ませたスポンジ上に播種した。発芽後、2週間生育させた苗に対して、環境に慣らすために徐々に湿度を下げて自然環境で1週間生育させた。この苗を水耕栽培ベットに定植し、温室内で水耕栽培を行った。なお、水耕栽培は、水耕栽培用の栄養素を含む水耕栽培用溶液を用いた。
比較例1Bで栽培されたトマトでは、生長点付近の葉が黄色くまだらになった個体がみられ、10株中5株で、トマト黄化葉巻ウイルス(TYLCV)への罹患が確認された。
一方、実施例1Bで栽培されたトマトでは、10株とも、黄化葉巻ウイルスへの罹患は確認されなかった。
上記実施例1Bと同様の栽培方法でトマト(甘福)の水耕栽培を行った。なお、水耕栽培用の栽培用溶液には、海水(塩化ナトリウム濃度3質量%)を用いた。栽培用溶液には、水耕栽培に必要な各種栄養素を添加した。
上記実施例1Bと同様の栽培方法でトマト(甘福)の水耕栽培を行った。なお、水耕栽培用の栽培用溶液には、塩水(塩化ナトリウム濃度1.5質量%)を用いた。栽培用溶液には、水耕栽培に必要な各種栄養素を添加した。
上記比較例1Bと同様の方法でトマト(甘福)の水耕栽培を行った。
一方、実施例3Bで栽培されたトマト(塩水栽培区)では、24株とも、うどんこ病への感染は確認されなかった。
トマト(甘福)の種の表面を、次亜塩素酸にて滅菌した後、十分に水(淡水)を含ませたスポンジ上に播種した。発芽後、2週間生育させた苗に対して、環境に慣らすために徐々に湿度を下げて自然環境で1週間生育させた。この苗を水耕栽培ベットに定植し、更に数日間生育させた。
Plant, Cell and Environment, (2009) 32, 1682-1694に記載されている微生物を培養し、遠心分離することで微生物のペレットを得た。
上記の水耕栽培ベットの水槽の淡水を、塩水(塩化ナトリウム濃度1質量%)に交換し、水槽中の塩水又は海水に、上記で得たペレット状の微生物を緩衝液に再懸濁したものを添加して処理用溶液とし、植物の根と微生物が接触する時間を3時間以上設けることで耐塩化を行った。
次いで、水耕栽培ベットの水槽の前記処理用溶液を、海水(塩化ナトリウム濃度3質量%)へと交換し、温室内で水耕栽培を行った。なお、実施例で使用した塩水又は海水は、水耕栽培に必要な各種栄養素を添加したものを用いた。
上記実施例1Cと同様の栽培方法でトマト(甘福)を水耕栽培し、植物体に実った果実を収穫した。なお、水耕栽培用の栽培用溶液には、塩水(塩化ナトリウム濃度1質量%(実施例2C-1)若しくは塩化ナトリウム濃度2質量%(実施例2C-2))、又は海水(塩化ナトリウム濃度3質量%)(実施例2C-3)を用いた。栽培用溶液には、水耕栽培に必要な各種栄養素を添加した。
得られたトマトの果実の可食部に含まれる遊離アミノ酸の量及び糖度を計測した(実施例2C-1~2C-3)。結果を表4及び表5に示す。
トマト(甘福)の種の表面を、次亜塩素酸にて滅菌した後、十分に水(淡水)を含ませたスポンジ上に播種した。発芽後、2週間生育させた苗に対して、環境に慣らすために徐々に湿度を下げて自然環境で1週間生育させた。この苗を水耕栽培ベットに定植し、温室内で水耕栽培を行った。なお、水耕栽培は、水耕栽培用の栄養素を含む水耕栽培用溶液を用いた。
上記で栽培した植物体に実った果実を収穫し、トマトの果実の可食部に含まれる遊離アミノ酸の量及び糖度を計測した(比較例1C-1)。結果を表4及び表5に示す。
本発明に係る抵抗性付与方法により、植物体に対し、病害虫への抵抗性を付与することができる。
本発明に係るトマトの果実は、従来のトマトと比べ遊離アミノ酸含有量が異なり、特有の風味を有する。
本発明に係るトマトの製造方法により、従来のトマトの果実と比べ遊離アミノ酸含有量が異なり、特有の風味を有するトマトの果実を得ることができる。
Claims (26)
- 日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)に記載された品目に該当し、
可食部の単位質量あたりに含まれるナトリウムの質量が、日本食品標準成分表2015年版(七訂)の記載に基づく値の50倍以上である植物体。 - 果実の可食部に含まれるナトリウムが0.15質量%以上である、請求項1に記載の植物体。
- 果実の可食部の水分含量が90質量%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の植物体。
- 果実の可食部における糖度(Brix)が8以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の植物体。
- 前記植物体がトマトである請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の植物体。
- 植物体の根の少なくとも一部に耐塩性付与剤を接触させる耐塩性付与処理を行う耐塩性付与工程と、
前記耐塩性付与工程により耐塩性が付与された前記植物体を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培する栽培工程と、
を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の植物体の製造方法。 - 植物体の根の少なくとも一部に耐塩性付与剤を接触させる耐塩性付与処理を行う耐塩性付与工程と、
前記耐塩性付与工程により耐塩性が付与された前記植物体を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培する栽培工程と、
を有することによって前記植物体に病害虫への抵抗性を付与する、抵抗性付与方法。 - 前記耐塩性付与工程の前に、前記植物体の種子又は球根を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%未満である環境下で、発芽及び発根させる初期生育工程を有する、請求項7に記載の抵抗性付与方法。
- 前記初期生育工程において、種子又は球根の発芽及び発根を、塩化ナトリウム濃度が0.5質量%以下である環境下で行う、請求項8に記載の抵抗性付与方法。
- 前記耐塩性付与処理が、耐塩性付与剤を含有し、かつ塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である処理用溶液に、前記植物体の根の少なくとも一部を浸漬させる処理である、請求項7~9のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗性付与方法。
- 前記植物体の根の少なくとも一部を前記処理用溶液に、1時間以上浸漬させる、請求項10に記載の抵抗性付与方法。
- 前記耐塩性付与剤が、根に付着することによって植物体に耐塩性を付与する微生物であり、
前記処理用溶液における前記微生物の濃度が103CFU/mL以上である、請求項10又は11に記載の抵抗性付与方法。 - 前記栽培用溶液が、さらに、0.5質量%以下の塩化マグネシウムを含有する、請求項7~12のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗性付与方法。
- 前記耐塩性付与剤が、1種類又は2種類以上の微生物である、請求項7~13のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗性付与方法。
- 前記植物体がナス科の植物である、請求項7~14のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗性付与方法。
- 前記抵抗性が、ウイルス病抵抗性である、請求項7~15のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗性付与方法。
- 前記抵抗性が、真菌病抵抗性である、請求項7~15のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗性付与方法。
- 果実の可食部100gあたりに含まれる下記遊離アミノ酸の量が、以下の(1)~(20)から選ばれる1又は2つ以上を満たすトマト。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が200mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が40mg以上である
(3)遊離アルギニンの量が6mg以上である
(4)遊離イソロイシンの量が6mg以上である
(5)遊離アラニンの量が8mg以上である
(6)遊離セリンの量が15mg以上である
(7)遊離リジンの量が7mg以上である
(8)遊離ヒスチジンの量が7mg以上である
(9)遊離フェニルアラニンの量が12mg以上である
(10)遊離チロシンの量が4mg以上である
(11)遊離ロイシンの量が4mg以上である
(12)遊離メチオニンの量が2mg以上である
(13)遊離バリンの量が3.5mg以上である
(14)遊離グリシンの量が2mg以上である
(15)遊離プロリンの量が50mg以下である
(16)遊離スレオニンの量が10mg以上である
(17)遊離トリプトファンの量が2mg以上である
(18)遊離ホスホセリンの量が1.2mg以上である
(19)遊離β-アラニンの量が2mg以上である
(20)遊離γ-アミノ酪酸の量が80mg以上である - 前記(1)、(2)、(4)~(6)、(8)、(13)、(14)及び(16)から選ばれる1又は2つ以上を満たす、請求項18に記載のトマト。
- 前記(1)、(5)、(6)、(14)及び(16)から選ばれる1又は2つ以上を満たす、請求項19に記載のトマト。
- 前記(1)~(6)から選ばれる1又は2つ以上を満たし、前記(1)~(6)の果実の可食部100gあたりに含まれる下記遊離アミノ酸の量が、以下の値である請求項18に記載のトマト。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が500mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が100mg以上である
(3)遊離アルギニンの量が10mg以上である
(4)遊離イソロイシンの量が10mg以上である
(5)遊離アラニンの量が10mg以上である
(6)遊離セリンの量が70mg以上である - 前記(1)~(2)から選ばれる1又は2つを満たす請求項21に記載のトマト。
(1)遊離グルタミン酸の量が500mg以上である
(2)遊離アスパラギン酸の量が100mg以上である - 果実の可食部に含まれるナトリウムが0.15質量%以上である、請求項18~22のいずれか一項に記載のトマト。
- 果実の可食部の水分含量が90質量%以下である、請求項18~23のいずれか一項に記載のトマト。
- 果実の可食部における糖度(Brix)が8以上である、請求項18~24のいずれか一項に記載のトマト。
- トマトの根の少なくとも一部に耐塩性付与剤を接触させる耐塩性付与処理を行う耐塩性付与工程と、
前記耐塩性付与工程により耐塩性が付与された前記トマトを、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1質量%以上である栽培用溶液で水耕栽培する栽培工程と、
を有する、請求項18~25のいずれか一項に記載のトマトの製造方法。
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CN116686599A (zh) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-09-05 | 三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院 | 一种野生稻耐盐鉴定田间装置 |
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AU2017334966A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
JP2019162141A (ja) | 2019-09-26 |
JP6535421B2 (ja) | 2019-06-26 |
EP3520604A1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
JPWO2018061870A1 (ja) | 2018-09-27 |
SG11201901114TA (en) | 2019-04-29 |
EP3520604A4 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
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US20190223401A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
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