WO2018059055A1 - 轮轴组件与轮叉的安装结构、车架、车 - Google Patents

轮轴组件与轮叉的安装结构、车架、车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018059055A1
WO2018059055A1 PCT/CN2017/091883 CN2017091883W WO2018059055A1 WO 2018059055 A1 WO2018059055 A1 WO 2018059055A1 CN 2017091883 W CN2017091883 W CN 2017091883W WO 2018059055 A1 WO2018059055 A1 WO 2018059055A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axle
fork
bearing
mounting structure
wheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/091883
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐洪军
吴俊�
陆其兵
周奇
Original Assignee
北京摩拜科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201610857565.0A external-priority patent/CN107867363A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610857665.3A external-priority patent/CN107867356A/zh
Application filed by 北京摩拜科技有限公司 filed Critical 北京摩拜科技有限公司
Priority to KR1020197000577A priority Critical patent/KR102181678B1/ko
Priority to JP2018553954A priority patent/JP6880065B2/ja
Publication of WO2018059055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018059055A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/004—Mounting arrangements for axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/02—Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle
    • B60B27/023—Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle specially adapted for bicycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K19/00—Cycle frames
    • B62K19/18—Joints between frame members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K19/00—Cycle frames
    • B62K19/30—Frame parts shaped to receive other cycle parts or accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K21/00—Steering devices
    • B62K21/02—Front wheel forks or equivalent, e.g. single tine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
    • B62K25/005—Axle suspensions characterised by the axle being supported at one end only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
    • B62K25/02—Axle suspensions for mounting axles rigidly on cycle frame or fork, e.g. adjustably
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K3/00—Bicycles
    • B62K3/02—Frames
    • B62K3/10—Frames of single-beam type, i.e. connecting steering head to rear axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62L—BRAKES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES
    • B62L1/00—Brakes; Arrangements thereof
    • B62L1/005—Brakes; Arrangements thereof constructional features of brake elements, e.g. fastening of brake blocks in their holders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mounting structure of an axle assembly and a fork; the present invention also relates to a frame to which the above-described mounting structure is applied; and to a vehicle to which the above-described frame is applied, such as a two-wheeled vehicle, a tricycle, or the like.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a mounting structure for an axle assembly and a fork, which is simple in structure, compact and compact, and easy to process, easy to assemble, and durable.
  • a mounting structure of an axle assembly and a fork comprising an axle assembly and a fork
  • the axle assembly includes: an axle, a first bearing, a bushing, a second bearing, and a hub mounted on the outer ring of the first bearing and the second bearing;
  • the sleeve is configured to axially separate the first bearing and the second bearing by a predetermined distance;
  • the hub is sleeve-shaped, and the outer diameter of one end of the first bearing is enlarged to form a method Lan department for fixed installation of wheels;
  • the fork includes: a fork main body formed at one end of the fork main body and having an L shape with the fork main body for connecting to a frame connection portion of the frame; the axle edge The direction perpendicular to the center plane of the rim of the wheel is fixed to the other end of the body of the fork.
  • the axle is integrally formed with the end of the fork body.
  • an axle mounting portion formed in the direction of the end of the fork body in a direction thereof;
  • an axle mounting hole fixedly connecting the axle is opened in a direction perpendicular to a center plane of the rim of the wheel.
  • At least a portion of the axle mounting hole has a cross-sectional shape that is non-circular; the axle is used to securely fit at least a portion of the axle mounting bore to be machined into a non-circular shape corresponding thereto.
  • the axle mounting hole is a stepped hole, and the stepped portion of the stepped hole is used for locking with an end cap portion corresponding to one end of the axle.
  • the axle mounting aperture is sized to provide an interference fit with the axle.
  • the fork body and the frame connecting portion are integrally formed.
  • At least a plurality of reinforcing ribs are formed on the body of the fork.
  • a space for mounting a brake of a central braking mode is provided between the second bearing and the fork.
  • a brake device of a roller brake type is installed in the space; an outer circumference of the hub that is disposed at one end of the second bearing is processed into a gear shape, and the inner ring tooth of the brake device of the roller brake mode is used.
  • the disk works.
  • the outer circumference of the hub is machined into a gear-shaped end which is a separately fabricated insert which is embedded in the hub body of the hub.
  • a positioning member mounted in such a manner that the first bearing is axially sandwiched by the bushing and does not affect the rotation of the outer ring of the first bearing.
  • a vehicle frame comprising the above-described mounting structure.
  • a vehicle to which the above frame is applied is also provided.
  • the car is a two-wheeled vehicle or a three-wheeled vehicle.
  • the mounting structure provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, firmness and compactness, easy processing, easy assembly and good durability.
  • Fig. 1 is a view schematically showing an overall structure of a bicycle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view for explaining the configuration of a wheel of the background art, wherein (A) of FIG. 2 is a front view of the wheel fork, (B) of FIG. 2 is a left side view of the wheel fork, and (C) of FIG. 2 is A perspective view of the fork.
  • FIG 3 is a cross-sectional view of a wheel axle assembly of the prior art.
  • 4(A) and 4(B) are schematic views for explaining the configuration of a fork of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 are diagrams schematically showing an assembly relationship between a fork and an axle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining an axle assembly of a non-driving wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing a configuration of a hub of a wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (A) is a front view of the hub, and (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' in (A).
  • the bicycle state shown in FIG. 1 may be defined as "front” in the direction in which the vehicle head is directed, and “rear” in the direction in which the rear end is directed.
  • the left side of the vehicle when viewed from the front of the front is defined as “left”
  • the right side of the vehicle when viewed from the front of the front is defined as “right”
  • the direction of vertical upward is defined as “upper”, vertically downward
  • the direction is defined as "below”
  • the plane where the center of the rim of the wheel is located is defined as the center plane of the rim, which indicates the direction and position of the structure of each part of the bicycle.
  • Fig. 1 is a view schematically showing an overall structure of a bicycle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a bicycle according to an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a frame 100, an axle assembly 200a, a center axle assembly 300, a rear axle assembly 400, a wheel 500, and a handlebar, a seat, a crank, and a foot (not shown). tread.
  • the frame 100 includes a fork 110a, a head tube 120, a frame lower tube 130, an integrated chassis 140, and a seat tube 150.
  • the fork 110a is rotatably coupled to one end of the head pipe 120 about the axial direction of the head pipe 120; the other end of the head pipe 120 is for mounting a handlebar (not shown); the head pipe 120 is at the middle and the frame lower pipe 130 One end is relatively fixedly connected; the other end of the frame lower tube 130 is relatively fixedly connected to the frame lower tube connecting portion of the integrated chassis 140; one end of the seat tube 150 is relatively fixedly connected to the seat tube connecting portion of the integrated chassis 140; The other end of the seat tube 150 is for mounting a seat (not shown).
  • the integrated chassis 140 is an integrated member having the functions of a five-way, a rear lower fork and a rear axle mounting portion, and the rear lower fork portion is only present on one side of the rear wheel, that is, a single fork structure.
  • the fork 110a is also of a single-fork configuration, i.e., only on one side of the wheel. The front fork and its axle assembly constituting the features of the present invention will be described in detail below.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view for explaining a configuration of a front fork of the background art, wherein (A) of FIG. 2 is a front view of the front fork, (B) of FIG. 2 is a left side view of the front fork, and (C) of FIG. 2 is A perspective view of the fork.
  • an axle mounting portion 113 extending a certain distance in the direction of the axle is provided for assembling the axle assembly. Through the knot of the axle mounting portion 113 The axial space when the axle assembly 200 is assembled in the axle mounting portion ensures that the two bearings 203, 205 for supporting the axle 201 at two points in the axial direction have a sufficient separation distance.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art axle assembly 200.
  • the axle assembly 200 includes an axle 201, and a retaining spring 202, a bearing 203, a shoulder 204, and a bearing 205 arranged in the axial direction of the axle 201 in order from one end to the other end of the side of the fork 110.
  • a keyway-to-key structure 209 is also provided therebetween.
  • FIG. 4 are schematic views for explaining the configuration of the fork 110a according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fork 110a of the present invention is a so-called single-wheel fork provided with the fork only on one side of the wheel, and has an overall "L" shape, that is, extending in a direction parallel to the center plane of the rim.
  • the fork main body 111a, the head pipe connecting portion 112a extending in the direction perpendicular to the center surface of the rim at one end of the fork main body 111a, and the axle mounting portion 113a formed in the same direction at the other end of the fork main body 111a These three parts are integrally formed.
  • axle mounting portion 113 of the front fork of the prior art does not substantially extend a certain distance in the axle direction, and the thickness of the axle mounting portion and the fork body 111a The overall thickness is roughly equivalent. The reason why the axle mounting portion 113a is provided in this manner will be described in detail later.
  • connection hole for connecting to the head pipe 120 is provided in the head pipe connecting portion 112a, and the head pipe 120 is inserted into the connection hole and fixed to the fork 110a by welding or riveting.
  • the head pipe connecting portion 112a of the fork 110a may be fixed to the head pipe 120 by welding or riveting without directly providing the connecting hole.
  • an axle mounting hole 115a is opened in a direction perpendicular to the center surface of the rim for fitting an axle 201a to be described later.
  • a reinforcing rib may be provided inside at least a portion of the fork main body 111a of the fork 110a.
  • FIG. 5(A) and (B) of FIG. 5 are diagrams schematically showing an assembly relationship between the fork 110a and the axle 201a according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wheel axle 201a has a cylindrical structure as a whole, and an end cap portion 207a for locking a stepped hole of an axle mounting hole to be described later is provided at one end.
  • an axle mounting hole 115a for passing and fixing the axle 201a is provided in a direction perpendicular to the center plane of the rim.
  • the axle mounting hole 115a is a stepped hole, and the stepped portion of the stepped hole (hereinafter also referred to as an end cap locking portion) is locked with the end cap portion 207a provided at one end of the axle, so that the axle is at Positioning in the axial direction.
  • the axle 201a is relatively fixed to the fork 110a without relative rotation.
  • any known means for relatively fixing the two members may be employed.
  • the end cap portion 207a of the axle 201a may be a non-circular shape.
  • an oblong shape allows the end cap locking portion of the axle mounting hole to have a shape that cooperates with the end cap portion, thereby preventing relative rotation therebetween.
  • the cross section of the axle mounting hole and the arbitrary portion of the axle inserted into the axle mounting hole may be a non-circular shape.
  • the fork and the axle can be relatively fixed by the keyway-flat key structure, or the two can be integrally formed directly.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining an axle assembly 200a according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the axle assembly includes an axle 201a, and a bearing 203a, a bushing 206a, a bearing 205a, and two are mounted on the axle from the wheel mounting end of the axle (the opposite end of the end cap portion)
  • the hub 204a on the outer circumference of the bearings 203a and 205a.
  • the brake (not shown), the bearing 205a, the bush 206a, and the hub are sequentially inserted from the wheel mounting end of the axle 201a. 204a, bearing 203a.
  • the brake is preferably a roller brake.
  • the bearing 205a abuts against the brake in such a manner as not to affect the rotation of the outer ring, and the other side is abutted by the bushing 206a so as to be positioned in the axial direction of the axle 201a.
  • the hub 204a is sleeved, and the hub 204a is sleeve-shaped, and one end of the fork side is fitted to the outer ring of the bearing 205a, and one end of the wheel side is fitted to the outer ring of the bearing 203a, thereby being erected on the bearings 205a and 203a.
  • the outer ring can rotate with the outer ring of the bearing.
  • the outer diameter of the wheel mounting end of the hub 204a is enlarged to form a flange portion, and a screw hole for mounting a wheel (not shown) is provided in the flange portion in the circumferential direction.
  • the bearing 203a When the wheel is mounted to the flange portion, a part of the wheel abuts against the bearing 203a in such a manner as not to affect the rotation of the bearing 203a, so that the bearing 203a is positioned in the axial direction.
  • the positioning member is positioned to position the bearing 203a in the axial direction.
  • the insert 202a previously press-molded to the hub body is used, and the insert 202a is attached to the bearing 205a.
  • the outer circumference of the portion of the insert 202a exposed outside the hub body is formed in a gear shape, and the gear functions as an inner ring sprocket of the roller brake.
  • the gear-shaped portion of the hub 204a is inserted into the center of the roller brake, and also functions as its center gear, thereby enabling assembly of the components on the axle. More compact, saving wheel axle mounting space.
  • roller brake method is employed, but other center brake methods such as a disc type, a drum type, and a hug type may be employed.
  • axle components it is possible to support the two bearings in the hub as a separate component, so that the distance between the two bearings can be more ensured, so that the bearing force of the axle is more balanced and stable, and the number of components can be reduced.
  • An interference fit can be used between the axle and the axle mounting hole of the fork so that there is no sway between the two.
  • the two bearings and the bushing and the axle can be slip-fitted.
  • the hub (insert) and the bearing can also be slip-fitted, so that the assembly of the axle assembly can be simplified.
  • the fork of the present invention has been described above by taking the front fork of the bicycle as an example.
  • the fork of the present invention is applicable not only to a two-wheel bicycle but also to an electric bicycle, a motorcycle, a three-wheel bicycle, and a three-wheeled bicycle.
  • a vehicle or the like, that is, a fork of the present invention can be applied as long as it is a fork of a non-driving wheel.
  • the fork is described as a single fork, but it is of course possible to provide a support arm for supporting the wheel on the other side of the wheel.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing a configuration of a hub of a wheel 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (A) is a front view of the hub, and (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' (diameter) of the hub in (A).
  • the hub of the wheel 500 is provided with a rim 501 for mounting a tire at a central portion of the hub for mounting the hub to the axle (the aforementioned A wheel (mounting plate) 503 on the axle 201a) and a spoke 502 connected between the rim 501 and the wheel 503 for supporting the rim 501.
  • the spokes 502 may be fixedly connected between the rim 501 and the wheel 503 by welding or the like as a separate component, or may be integrally formed with the rim 501 and the wheel 503.
  • a plurality of bolt holes 504 are provided along the outer peripheral portion of the disk 503 at positions corresponding to the plurality of mounting holes of the flange portion of the hub 204a, and the wheel 500 is attached to the wheel mounting end of the axle 201a by bolting.
  • the hub of the embodiment of the present invention is an eccentric, and the extending direction of the spokes 502 is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the direction of the axle, and ⁇ is less than 90 degrees, that is, the spokes are not perpendicular to the axle.
  • the direction extends.
  • the magnitude of the offset d can be adjusted, and the length of the bushing on the axle 201a can be designed, so that the center plane of the rim is as close as possible to the center of the axle, thereby reducing the load on the axle and the bearing. Extend the service life of axles and bearings, or reduce the requirements for the strength of axles and bearings.
  • the offset d is set such that, for example, the roller brake is at or near the center surface of the rim, and at this time, the braking performance of the brake can be made better.

Abstract

一种轮轴组件与轮叉的安装结构、车架、车。轮轴组件（200a）包括：轮轴（201a），依次套装在该轮轴（201a）上的第一轴承（203a）、衬套（206a）、第二轴承（205a），以及架设在所述第一轴承（203a）和所述第二轴承（205a）的外圈上的花鼓（204a）；所述衬套（206a）用于使所述第一轴承（203a）和所述第二轴承（205a）在轴向上分隔开预定的距离；所述花鼓（204a）为套筒状，其架设于所述第一轴承（203a）的一端外径扩大而形成为法兰部，用于固定安装车轮；所述轮叉（110a）包括：轮叉主体（111a），形成在所述轮叉主体（111a）的一端，且与所述轮叉主体（111a）呈"L"字状、用于连接至车架（100）的车架连接部；所述轮轴（201a）沿垂直于车轮的轮辋中心面的方向固定在轮叉主体（111a）的另一端。

Description

轮轴组件与轮叉的安装结构、车架、车 技术领域
本发明涉及轮轴组件与轮叉的安装结构；本发明还涉及一种应用上述安装结构的车架；本发明还涉及一种应用上述车架的车，例如两轮车、三轮车等。
背景技术
我国是自行车生产和使用的大国。长期以来，自行车一直都作为人们在同城内短距离出行的主要代步工具。例如在本申请人于2015年9月29日向中国专利局提交的发明名称为“无链自行车及其轮叉、车架”的发明专利申请(申请号为201510634705.3，下称背景技术)中，提出了一种具有单轮叉构造的自行车，其造型独特美观，结构结实紧凑。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供了一种轮轴组件与轮叉的安装结构，其结构简单、结实紧凑，而且易加工、易装配、耐用性好。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种轮轴组件与轮叉的安装结构，其包括轮轴组件与轮叉，
所述轮轴组件包括：轮轴，依次套装在该轮轴上的第一轴承、衬套、第二轴承，以及架设在所述第一轴承和所述第二轴承的外圈上的花鼓；所述衬套用于使所述第一轴承和所述第二轴承在轴向上分隔开预定的距离；所述花鼓为套筒状，其架设于所述第一轴承的一端外径扩大而形成为法兰部，用于固定安装车轮；
所述轮叉包括：轮叉主体，形成在所述轮叉主体的一端，且与所述轮叉主体呈“L”字状、用于连接至车架的车架连接部；所述轮轴沿垂直于车轮的轮辋中心面的方向固定在轮叉主体的另一端。
可选地，所述轮轴与轮叉主体的端头一体成型。
可选地，在所述轮叉主体的端头沿其方向顺延地形成的轮轴安装部；
其中，在所述轮轴安装部，沿垂直于所述车轮的轮辋中心面的方向开有固定连接所述轮轴的轮轴安装孔。
可选地，所述轮轴安装孔的至少一部分的截面形状为非正圆形；所述轮轴用于固定装配在轮轴安装孔内的至少一部分被加工成与其对应的非正圆形状。
可选地，所述轮轴安装孔为阶梯孔，阶梯孔的阶梯部用于与在所述轮轴的一端对应而设的端帽部卡定。
可选地，所述轮轴安装孔的尺寸被设定使得能与所述轮轴过盈配合。
可选地，所述轮叉主体与所述车架连接部是被一体成型的。
可选地，至少在所述轮叉主体形成有多条加强筋。
可选地，在所述轮轴的轴向上，在所述第二轴承与所述轮叉之间设有用于安装中心制动方式的刹车器的空间。
可选地，在所述空间安装罗拉刹车方式的刹车器；所述花鼓的架设于所述第二轴承的一端的外周被加工成齿轮状，作为所述罗拉刹车方式的刹车器的内圈齿盘发挥作用。
可选地，所述花鼓的外周被加工成齿轮状的一端是采用的独立制作的嵌入件，该嵌入件被嵌入固定于所述花鼓的花鼓本体。
可选地，还包括以在轴向上与所述衬套夹着所述第一轴承、且不影响该第一轴承的外圈转动的方式安装的定位件。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种车架，其包括上述的安装结构。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种应用上述车架的车。
可选地，所述车为两轮车或者三轮车。
本发明提供的安装结构，其结构简单、结实紧凑，而且易加工、易装配、耐用性好。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是示意性地表示本发明实施方式的自行车的整体构造的图。
图2是用于说明背景技术的轮叉的构造的示意图，其中图2的(A)是轮叉的主视图，图2的(B)是轮叉的左视图，图2的(C)是轮叉的立体图。
图3是背景技术的轮轴组件的剖视图。
图4的(A)和(B)是用于说明本发明实施方式的轮叉的构造的示意图。
图5的(A)和(B)是示意性地表示本发明实施方式的轮叉与轮轴的装配关系的图。
图6是用于说明本发明实施方式的非驱动轮的轮轴组件的剖视图。
图7是表示本发明实施方式的车轮的轮毂的结构的图，(A)是轮毂的主视图，(B)是(A)中的A-A'方向剖视图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步 讨论。
(方向的定义)
在以下的说明中，以图1所示的自行车状态、即自行车竖直立于地面的状态为基准，有时将车头所朝的方向定义为“前方”、车尾所朝的方向定义为“后方”、向车头前方看时的车辆左方定义为“左方”、向车头前方看时的车辆右方定义为“右方”、竖直向上的方向定义为“上方”、竖直向下的方向定义为“下方”、车轮的轮辋中心所在的平面定义为轮辋中心面，以此说明自行车各部分结构所处的方向及位置。
(自行车整体结构)
图1是示意性地表示本发明实施方式的自行车的整体构造的图。如图1所示，本发明实施方式的自行车主要包括车架100、轮轴组件200a、中轴组件300、后轴组件400、车轮500、以及省略了图示的车把、车座、曲柄及脚踏。车架100包括轮叉110a、头管120、车架下管130、集成底架140、座管150。轮叉110a可绕头管120的轴向转动地连接至头管120的一端；头管120的另一端用于安装车把(未图示)；头管120在中部与车架下管130的一端相对固定连接；车架下管130的另一端相对固定地连接至集成底架140的车架下管连接部；座管150的一端相对固定地连接至集成底架140的座管连接部；座管150的另一端用于安装车座(未图示)。此外，集成底架140为兼具五通、后下叉及后轴安装部功能的集成构件，且其后下叉部仅存在于后轮的单侧，即为单叉结构。同样的，轮叉110a也为单叉结构，即仅在车轮的单侧存在。下面将针对构成本发明特征的前叉及其轮轴组件进行详细说明。
(背景技术的轮叉及其轮轴组件)
在详细说明本发明的轮叉及其轮轴组件之前，先简要介绍背景技术的轮叉及其轮轴组件的结构。
图2是用于说明背景技术的前叉的构造的示意图，其中图2的(A)是前叉的主视图，图2的(B)是前叉的左视图，图2的(C)是前叉的立体图。其中，在前叉主体111的轮轴侧一端，设有沿轮轴方向延伸出一定距离的轮轴安装部113，用于装配轮轴组件。通过该轮轴安装部113的结 构，能确保在该轮轴安装部内装配轮轴组件200时的轴向空间，确保用于在轴向上两点支承轮轴201的两个轴承203、205有足够的分隔距离。
图3是背景技术的轮轴组件200的剖视图。如图3所示，轮轴组件200包括轮轴201，以及按从轮叉110所在侧的一端至另一端的顺序沿轮轴201的轴向排布的卡簧202、轴承203、轴肩204、轴承205、隔套206、法兰盘700、以及定位螺母208。此外，为防止轮轴201与法兰盘700之间的相对旋转，在二者之间还设有键槽-平键构造209。
(本发明实施方式的轮叉)
图4的(A)和(B)是用于说明本发明实施方式的轮叉110a的构造的示意图。
如图4所示，本发明的轮叉110a为仅在车轮的一侧设有该轮叉的所谓单轮叉，整体呈“L”字状，即，由沿与轮辋中心面平行的方向延伸的轮叉主体111a、在轮叉主体111a的一端沿垂直于轮辋中心面的方向延伸出的头管连接部112a、以及在轮叉主体111a的另一端沿其方向顺延地形成的轮轴安装部113a这三部分一体成型而成。在此需要说明的是，与背景技术的前叉的轮轴安装部113不同，本发明的轮轴安装部并没有实质性地沿轮轴方向延伸出一定距离，其轮轴安装部的厚度与轮叉主体111a整体的厚度大致相当。关于如此设置轮轴安装部113a的理由，将在后文详细说明。
此外，在头管连接部112a设有用于与头管120连接的连接孔，头管120插接于该连接孔内并通过焊接或铆接等方式与轮叉110a相对固定。当然，也可以不设置该连接孔，直接通过焊接或铆接等方式将轮叉110a的头管连接部112a固定于头管120。
在轮轴安装部113a，沿垂直于轮辋中心面的方向开有轮轴安装孔115a，用于装配后述的轮轴201a。
另外，为加强轮叉110a的强度，如图4的(A)所示，可以在轮叉110a的至少轮叉主体111a的部分内侧设有加强筋。
图5的(A)和(B)是示意性地表示本发明实施方式的轮叉110a与轮轴201a的装配关系的图。如图5的(A)所示，轮轴201a整体为圆柱形结构，在一端设有用于卡定于后述的轮轴安装孔的阶梯孔的端帽部207a。
另外，如图5的(A)所示，在轮叉110a的轮轴安装部113a，沿垂直于轮辋中心面的方向开有用于使轮轴201a穿过并固定的轮轴安装孔115a。如图5的(B)所示，轮轴安装孔115a为阶梯孔，阶梯孔的阶梯部(以下也称端帽卡定部)与轮轴一端所设的端帽部207a卡定，从而使轮轴在轴向上定位。
在本发明中，轮轴201a与轮叉110a相对固定，不会发生相对旋转。作为用于防止其相对旋转的结构，可采用任何已知的使两构件相对固定的方式，例如可以如图5的(A)所示那样使轮轴201a的端帽部207a为非正圆形状、例如长圆形，同时使轮轴安装孔的端帽卡定部成为与该端帽部相配合的形状，由此防止二者间相对旋转。另外，也可以使轮轴安装孔及轮轴的被插在轮轴安装孔内的任意部分的截面为非正圆形状。此外，还可以使轮叉与轮轴通过键槽-平键结构相对固定，或者直接使二者一体成型等。
(本发明实施方式的轮轴组件)
图6是用于说明本发明实施方式的轮轴组件200a的剖视图。如图6所示，轮轴组件包括轮轴201a，从轮轴的车轮安装端(设有端帽部的相反端)起依次套装在该轮轴上的轴承203a、衬套206a、轴承205a，以及架设于两个轴承203a和205a的外圈上的花鼓204a。
下面说明轮轴组件200a的装配。在如前所述那样将轮轴201a从轮叉110a外侧插入轮轴安装孔115a并卡定后，从轮轴201a的车轮安装端依次套入刹车器(未图示)、轴承205a、衬套206a、花鼓204a、轴承203a。在本发明中，刹车器优选采用罗拉刹车器。轴承205a以不影响外圈转动的方式抵接于刹车器，另一侧被衬套206a抵接，从而在轮轴201a的轴向上被定位。然后套入花鼓204a，花鼓204a为套筒状，其靠轮叉侧的一端外套于轴承205a的外圈，其靠车轮侧的一端外套于轴承203a的外圈，从而被架设于轴承205a和203a的外圈，能够与轴承的外圈一起转动。另外，花鼓204a的车轮安装端的外径扩大而形成为法兰部，在该法兰部沿周向设有用于安装车轮(未图示)的螺孔。在将车轮安装于该法兰部时，车轮的一部分以不影响轴承203a转动的方式与轴承203a抵接，从而使得轴承203a在轴向上被定位。当然，也可以在轴承203a的靠车轮侧另行套设定位螺母 等定位件，来使轴承203a在轴向上定位。
另外，如图6所示，本实施方式的花鼓204a在架设于轴承205a时，采用了预先压铸于花鼓本体的嵌入件202a，利用该嵌入件202a外套于轴承205a。并且，嵌入件202a的露出于花鼓本体之外的部分的外周被形成为齿轮状，该齿轮作为罗拉刹车器的内圈齿盘发挥作用。通过单独制作该齿轮状的嵌入件，并以压铸等方式嵌入花鼓本体，能够节省制造成本。当然，也可以不另行制作该嵌入件，而是将花鼓的靠轮叉侧的端部直接加工成相应的形状。由此，在将罗拉刹车器装配在轴承205a与轮叉110a之间时，花鼓204a的齿轮状部分被插入罗拉刹车器的中心，兼作其中心齿轮发挥作用，从而能够使轮轴上各部件的装配更加紧凑，节省轮轴安装空间。
在本实施方式中采用了罗拉刹车方式，但也可以采用盘式、鼓式、抱式等其它中心制动方式。
通过以上轮轴组件的设置，能够使得两轴承被支承在作为独立部件的花鼓内，从而能够更加确保两轴承间的间距，从而使车轴的承力更加均衡稳定，并且能够减少部件数量。
轮轴与轮叉的轮轴安装孔之间可以采用过盈配合方式，使得二者间不会产生晃动。另外，两轴承及衬套与轮轴间采用滑配方式即可，同样地，花鼓(嵌入件)与轴承之间也采用滑配方式即可，故能使轮轴组件的装配变得简单。
以上以自行车用的前叉为例说明了本发明的轮叉的构造，但本发明的轮叉不仅适用于两轮的自行车，还能适用于电动自行车、摩托车、三轮自行车、三轮摩托车等，即，只要是非驱动轮的轮叉，都可以适用本发明的轮叉。另外，在本实施方式中说明了轮叉为单轮叉，但当然也可以在车轮的另一侧设置用于支承车轮的支承臂。
(轮毂)
图7是表示本发明实施方式的车轮500的轮毂的结构的图，(A)是轮毂的主视图，(B)是(A)中的轮毂的A-A'方向(直径)剖视图。
如图7的(A)所示，本发明实施方式的车轮500的轮毂由用于安装轮胎的轮辋501，位于轮毂的中心部位、用于将该轮毂安装到车轴(前述 的轮轴201a)上的轮盘(安装盘)503，以及连接在轮辋501和轮盘503之间、用于支承轮辋501的轮辐502构成。轮辐502可以是作为单独的部件通过焊接等方式固定连接在轮辋501和轮盘503之间的，也可以是与轮辋501、轮盘503一体成型的。
沿轮盘503的外周部设有多个螺栓孔504，其位置分别与前述的花鼓204a的法兰部的多个安装孔相对应，通过螺栓固定将车轮500安装在轮轴201a的车轮安装端。
如图7的(B)所示，本发明实施方式的轮毂是偏心轮，轮辐502的延伸方向相对于车轴方向是呈一定角度α倾斜的，α小于90度，即轮辐并非沿垂直于轮轴的方向延伸。由此，使得轮辋中心面(即轮毂中心)与轮盘503的安装面之间存在正值的偏距d，从而使轮辋中心面与自行车中心面重合。
通过设计轮辐502的倾斜角度α，能够调整偏距d的大小，同时设计轮轴201a上的衬套长度等，使得轮辋中心面尽可能靠近车轴中心的位置，从而可以减轻车轴和轴承的负荷，能够延长车轴和轴承的使用寿命，或降低对车轴和轴承的强度的要求。
另外，优选所述偏距d被设定使得例如罗拉刹车器处于轮辋中心面或其附近，此时，能使制动器的制动性能更佳。
以上说明了将本发明的轮叉、轮轴组件、轮毂适用于自行车的实施例，但这些部件的结构及其连接关系也可以适用于电动自行车、摩托车等两轮车或三轮车的非驱动轮。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种轮轴组件与轮叉的安装结构，其包括轮轴组件与轮叉，其特征在于：
    所述轮轴组件包括：轮轴，依次套装在该轮轴上的第一轴承、衬套、第二轴承，以及架设在所述第一轴承和所述第二轴承的外圈上的花鼓；所述衬套用于使所述第一轴承和所述第二轴承在轴向上分隔开预定的距离；所述花鼓为套筒状，其架设于所述第一轴承的一端外径扩大而形成为法兰部，用于固定安装车轮；
    所述轮叉包括：轮叉主体，形成在所述轮叉主体的一端，且与所述轮叉主体呈“L”字状、用于连接至车架的车架连接部；所述轮轴沿垂直于车轮的轮辋中心面的方向固定在轮叉主体的另一端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的安装结构，其特征在于：所述轮轴与轮叉主体的端头一体成型。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的安装结构，其特征在于：在所述轮叉主体的端头沿其方向顺延地形成的轮轴安装部；
    其中，在所述轮轴安装部，沿垂直于所述车轮的轮辋中心面的方向开有固定连接所述轮轴的轮轴安装孔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的安装结构，其特征在于：所述轮轴安装孔的至少一部分的截面形状为非正圆形；所述轮轴用于固定装配在轮轴安装孔内的至少一部分被加工成与其对应的非正圆形状。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的安装结构，其特征在于，所述轮轴安装孔为阶梯孔，阶梯孔的阶梯部用于与在所述轮轴的一端对应而设的端帽部卡定。
  6. 根据权利要求3或4或5所述的安装结构，其特征在于，所述轮轴安装孔的尺寸被设定使得能与所述轮轴过盈配合。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的安装结构，其特征在于，所述轮叉主体与所述车架连接部是被一体成型的。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的安装结构，其特征在于，至少在所述轮叉主体形成有多条加强筋。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的安装结构，其特征在于，在所述轮轴的轴向上，在所述第二轴承与所述轮叉之间设有用于安装中心制动方式的刹车器的空间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的安装结构，其特征在于，在所述空间安装罗拉刹车方式的刹车器；所述花鼓的架设于所述第二轴承的一端的外周被加工成齿轮状，作为所述罗拉刹车方式的刹车器的内圈齿盘发挥作用。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的安装结构，其特征在于，所述花鼓的外周被加工成齿轮状的一端是采用的独立制作的嵌入件，该嵌入件被嵌入固定于所述花鼓的花鼓本体。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的安装结构，其特征在于，还包括以在轴向上与所述衬套夹着所述第一轴承、且不影响该第一轴承的外圈转动的方式安装的定位件。
  13. 一种车架，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的安装结构。
  14. 一种车，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求13所述的车架。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的车，其特征在于：所述车为两轮车或者三轮车。
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