WO2018056263A1 - 電源システム - Google Patents
電源システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018056263A1 WO2018056263A1 PCT/JP2017/033732 JP2017033732W WO2018056263A1 WO 2018056263 A1 WO2018056263 A1 WO 2018056263A1 JP 2017033732 W JP2017033732 W JP 2017033732W WO 2018056263 A1 WO2018056263 A1 WO 2018056263A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- battery pack
- power supply
- supply system
- soc
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 206010068065 Burning mouth syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- H02J7/0026—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply system.
- a battery pack having a battery train that can be charged / discharged and a battery monitoring system (BMS: Battery Management System) that monitors and controls charging / discharging of the battery train is mounted on, for example, a hybrid vehicle and an electric vehicle.
- the mounted battery pack is charged with electric power generated by a vehicle generator (regeneration device).
- a plurality of battery packs are provided in the power supply system, and a plurality of relays provided in series with respect to the assembled battery in each battery pack are turned on.
- the battery packs are also connected in parallel.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the interconnection of battery packs is permitted only when the potential difference ⁇ V is equal to or less than a certain value.
- the device side When shutting down a power supply system having a plurality of battery packs connected in parallel, the device side must first be stopped, and finally the relays provided in each battery pack must be turned off. If there is a difference in the total voltage of the battery strings between the battery packs when the current becomes zero or almost no longer flows between the device side and the power supply system, for example, by stopping the device side, Accordingly, a circulating current that circulates between the battery packs flows. If the relays in each battery pack are opened while a large circulating current is flowing, the difference in the total voltage between the battery packs will be preserved. It can also be a cause.
- Patent Document 2 in order to equalize the voltage between the battery packs when the equipment is shut down, the relays in each battery pack are kept on for a while after the power supply system is electrically disconnected from the equipment side. It is disclosed that a circulating current flows and a relay in the battery pack is turned off after a predetermined time has elapsed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system capable of optimizing the system fall time and reducing the possibility that parallel connection is not permitted at the next startup.
- a power supply system is a power supply system in which a plurality of battery packs are connected in parallel and includes a control unit that controls the plurality of battery packs, and the battery pack includes a chargeable / dischargeable battery array, A relay provided in series with the battery array, and a detecting means for detecting the state of the battery array, and the control means includes a plurality of control means when the circulating current flowing between the plurality of battery packs falls below the release permission current.
- the release permission current is decreased as the SOC (State of Charge) equivalent value of the battery pack into which the circulating current flows most is higher based on the detection result of the detection means. It is characterized by.
- the SOC equivalent value is preferably the SOC (State of Charge) value of the battery pack into which the circulating current flows most or the voltage value of the battery pack into which the circulating current flows most.
- the battery array is formed by connecting a plurality of unit batteries in series, and the unit battery is preferably composed of one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel.
- the SOC (State of Charge) value of the battery pack into which the circulating current flows most is the SOC value of the unit battery in the pack and is preferably the maximum SOC value.
- the voltage value of the battery pack into which the circulating current flows most is the voltage value of the unit battery in the pack and the maximum voltage value.
- Each of the plurality of battery packs has a battery monitoring system for monitoring and controlling the battery pack, and the battery monitoring system provided in one of the plurality of battery packs is a master battery monitoring system including control means Is preferred.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a power supply system 10 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a load / regenerative device 1 that is, for example, a load and has a power generation function (or a power regeneration function), and supplies power to the load / regenerative device 1. It is charged by the electric power.
- the load / regenerative device 1 and the power supply system 10 are connected by a pair of power lines 3 and 4.
- the paths through which the electric power supplied to the load / regenerative device 1 and the charging current to the power supply system flow are indicated by bold lines.
- Relays 5 and 6 are respectively inserted in the power lines 3 and 4 so that the load / regenerative device 1 and the power supply system 10 can be electrically disconnected.
- a precharge relay 7 and a precharge resistor 8 connected in series are provided in parallel to the relay 5.
- a device control unit 2 that controls the entire device (for example, a vehicle or the like) on which the power supply system 10 is mounted, in particular, controls the load / regenerative device 1 is connected to the power supply system 10 via a signal line 52.
- the device control unit 2 also controls the opening and closing of the relays 5 and 6 and the precharge relay 7.
- the power supply system 10 is provided with a plurality of battery packs connected in parallel to each other and connected to the power lines 3 and 4.
- the battery pack includes a battery array and a BMS, and a case, a cooling device, and the like are not essential.
- two battery packs 11 and 12 are provided, but the number of battery packs may be three or more.
- the battery pack 11 includes a battery array 21 and a master BMS (battery monitoring system) 31, and the battery pack 12 includes a battery array 22 and a slave BMS 32.
- the battery rows 21 and 22 have a configuration in which a plurality of single cells are connected in series.
- each single cell is assumed to be a lithium ion secondary battery cell. Since the battery packs 11 and 12 are connected in parallel, the number of single cells connected in series in the battery rows 21 and 22 included in the battery packs 11 and 12 is the same. It is preferable that the battery packs 11 and 12 have the same nominal capacity.
- BMS (Battery Management System) 31, 32 has a function of monitoring the battery rows 21, 22 in the battery packs 11, 12 including the BMSs 31, 32 and performing control for each of the battery packs 11, 12.
- the master BMS 31 also controls the entire battery packs 11 and 12 included in the power supply system 10.
- the third and subsequent battery packs are provided with a battery train and a slave BMS, similarly to the battery pack 12.
- the slave BMS 32 is connected to the master BMS 31 by a signal line 51.
- a signal line 52 from the device control unit 2 is also connected to the master BMS 31.
- the battery pack 11 further includes a relay 41 that detachably connects the power line 3 and the positive terminal of the battery array 21, and the power line 4 and the negative terminal of the battery array 21.
- a relay 42 that is detachably connected, a current sensor (A) 43 that measures a current flowing through the battery array 21, a voltage sensor (V) 44 that measures a terminal voltage for each single cell of the battery array 21, and a battery array
- a temperature sensor (T) 45 that measures the temperature for each of the 21 single cells or for each group of single cells is provided.
- the measured values of the sensors 43 to 45 are sent to the master BMS 31, and the master BMS 31 controls the opening and closing of the relays 41 and 42 of the battery pack 11 based on the sent measured values.
- the battery pack 12 is also provided with relays 41 and 42, a current sensor 43, a voltage sensor 44 and a temperature sensor 45.
- the measured values of the sensors 43 to 45 are sent to the slave BMS 32, and the relays 41 and 42 of the battery pack 12 are controlled by the output of the slave BMS 32 that has received an instruction from the master BMS 31.
- each BMS 31 and 32 performs a start-up process in step 91 for starting up the power supply system 10 based on a command from the control device unit 2.
- the master BMS 31 and the slave BMS 32 measure the total voltage of the battery pack by each slave control unit 33 and transmit the measured result to the master control unit 34.
- the master control unit 34 measures a potential difference between the battery packs, and transmits an instruction to turn on the relays 41 and 42 to each slave control unit 33 when it is determined that the potential difference is smaller than a predetermined value.
- the BMS 31 and 32 turn on the relays 41 and 42 (conduct), and transmit the state signal to the control device unit 2, and the control device unit 2 turns on the precharge relay 7 and the relays 5 and 6 (conduction).
- step 92 the BMSs 31 and 32 measure the charging / discharging currents of the battery rows 21 and 22 of the battery packs 11 and 12, and the voltages and temperatures of the single cells constituting the battery rows 21 and 22,
- step 93 the SOC (State of Charge charge state), SOP (State of Power; power state) and OCV (Open Circuit Voltage; open circuit voltage) of the battery trains 21 and 22 are calculated based on the measurement result. These are transmitted to the host system (for example, device control unit).
- the host system for example, device control unit.
- step 95 it is determined in step 95 whether or not the ignition switch is off.
- each BMS 31, 32 executes a stop process in step 96.
- the power supply system 10 is completely stopped, and the series of processes ends.
- the processing of steps 91 to 96 is repeatedly executed as the ignition switch is turned on and off.
- the battery pack is configured by a battery array of a plurality of lithium ion secondary battery cells
- any single cell of the battery pack that is charged by the circulating current at the time of restart as a condition for enabling parallel connection of the plurality of battery packs
- Lithium deposition is known to occur at a smaller current as the SOC (State of Charge) value of a battery pack into which current is flowing (ie, charged) is larger. The larger the size, the stricter the connection conditions.
- the battery pack in which the circulating current flows most (the battery pack that is most charged by the circulating current) has a stricter condition for turning off the relay as the SOC value increases, that is, the circulating current is sufficiently narrowed down.
- the stop of step 96 is performed so that the battery packs 11 and 12 can be connected in parallel in the start-up process of step 91 when the ignition switch is turned on next time.
- the relays 41 and 42 of the battery packs 11 and 12 are controlled to be turned off.
- the master BMS 31 controls the relays 41 and 42 to turn off, and the relays 41 and 42 in the battery pack 12 perform an operation for turning off the slave BMS 32 in response to an instruction from the master BMS 31.
- lithium is deposited on the negative electrode depending on conditions. Whether or not lithium deposition occurs can be determined by the relationship between the charging current I and the SOC of the cell. In general, if the charging current I is large, lithium deposition occurs even with a small SOC. The upper limit of the range in which lithium deposition does not occur is as follows. When the horizontal axis is charging current I and the vertical axis is SOC, the temperature is constant, as shown by the bold line in FIG. expressed. This curve or straight line will be called the precipitation limit line.
- the precipitation limit line is located higher in the graph where the horizontal axis is the charging current I and the vertical axis is the terminal voltage V as the temperature is higher.
- the SOC of a single cell is considered, but as the SOC increases, the cell terminal voltage (strictly speaking, the open circuit voltage (OCV)) also increases monotonously. Therefore, the cell terminal voltage is used instead of the SOC. The same is true.
- the fact that the precipitation limit line moves to the low SOC side on the low temperature side indicates that lithium precipitation can occur due to temperature changes even with the same current I and the same SOC.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the circulating current when the battery packs 11 and 12 are connected in parallel.
- the circuit shown in FIG. 1 is simplified and shown as an equivalent circuit diagram.
- the relays 5 and 6 and the precharge relay 7 are collectively represented by a main switch MS
- the relays 41 and 42 in the battery pack 11 are collectively represented by a switch SW1
- the relays 41 and 42 in the battery pack 12 are collectively represented. This is indicated by a switch SW2.
- the internal resistances of the battery rows 11 and 12 are represented as resistances R1 and R2, respectively.
- the battery pack 11 is represented by a resistor R1, a battery array 21 and a switch SW1 connected in series
- the battery pack 12 is represented by a resistor R2, a battery array 22 and a switch SW2 connected in series. Is done.
- the configuration including the power supply system 10 and the load / regenerative device 1 is expressed as a configuration in which the battery pack 11 and the battery pack 12 are connected in parallel to the load / regenerative device 1 via the main switch MS. become.
- FIGS. 4B to 4D the frame lines indicating the power supply system 10 and the battery packs 11 and 12 are not displayed in order to avoid complexity of the drawings.
- FIG. 4A shows a state in which the main switch MS and the switches SW1 and SW2 are closed (turned on) and the power supply system 10 is charged from the outside, that is, from the load / regenerative device 1 with the charging current I. Show.
- the charging current in the battery pack 11 is I1
- the internal resistances R1 and R2 are unbalanced
- the charging currents I1 and I2 are also unbalanced
- the SOCs of the battery trains 11 and 12 are different
- the OCVs of the battery trains 11 and 12 are also different.
- FIG. 4B when the main switch MS is opened (turned off), charging from the load / regenerative device 1 is stopped.
- step 96 the stop process shown in step 96 (FIG. 2) is completed.
- the value of the circulating current immediately before turning off the switches SW1 and SW2 is Ik.
- step 91 FIG. 2
- the switches SW1 and SW2 are turned on to connect the battery packs 11 and 12 in parallel.
- the circulating current that flows when the switches SW1 and SW2 are turned on is immediately before the switch SW1.
- SW2 is substantially equal to the current Ik that flows when SW2 is turned off.
- the worst temperature that can be considered at the time of startup (temperature on the low temperature side) is taken into consideration, and the relay is stopped in the stop process so that lithium deposition does not occur due to the circulating current even at such temperature.
- a release permission current Is for setting 41 and 42 (that is, switches SW1 and SW2) to OFF is set.
- FIG. 5 shows a specific operation of the stop process of the power supply system 10.
- FIG. 5A shows the circuit shown in FIG. 1 in a simplified manner.
- the relays 5 and 6 and the precharge relay 7 are collectively represented by a main switch MS, and the inside of the battery pack 11 is shown.
- the relays 41 and 42 are collectively represented by a switch SW1, and the relays 41 and 42 in the battery pack 12 are collectively represented by a switch SW2.
- the master BMS 31 includes a slave control unit 33 that is a part that performs monitoring and control related only to the battery pack 11, and a master control unit 34 that is a part that performs overall control of the power supply system 10.
- the slave BMS 32 since the slave BMS 32 only needs to monitor and control the battery pack 12 on which the slave BMS 32 is provided, the slave BMS 32 includes only a slave control unit 33 similar to that provided in the master BMS 31. The measured values of the current sensor 43, voltage sensor 44, and temperature sensor 45 of the battery pack 12 are given to the slave control unit 33 of the battery pack 12.
- the device control unit 2 when the ignition switch is turned off, the device control unit 2 performs an operation for turning off the switches SW1 and SW2 with respect to the battery pack 12 via the battery pack 11 and the battery pack 11. Instruct to execute.
- Each slave control unit 33 based on the current value for each battery row 21, 22, and the voltage and temperature of each cell, as shown in step 101 of FIG. 5B, for each cell of the corresponding battery pack. Calculate the SOC. Then, each slave control unit 33 sends the current value I in the corresponding battery pack and the maximum value SOCmax among the SOCs of each cell included in the corresponding battery pack to the master control unit 34.
- the master control unit 34 specifies the battery pack (charge side battery pack) into which current flows and sets the release permission current Is using the SOCmax in the charge side battery pack.
- a map is used in which the release permission current Is is set so as to decrease as the SOCmax increases.
- the circulating current Ic is obtained in step 103, and in step 104, it is determined whether the circulating current Ic is lower than the release permission current Is. If Ic ⁇ Is, the master control unit 34 performs control to turn off the relays 41 and 42 via the slave control unit 33 of the battery packs 11 and 12 in step 105 and ends the stop process. Returning to step 101, the process is repeated.
- FIG. 5C is a diagram for explaining how to determine the release permission current Is in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the charging current I and the vertical axis represents the SOC of the cell.
- the precipitation limit line moves up and down in the figure depending on the temperature, but as shown by the thick solid line in the figure, the precipitation limit line based on the current temperature and the worst temperature assumed at the next start-up (in other words, the assumed minimum temperature)
- the precipitation limit line at temperature can be considered.
- a margin is further added to the precipitation limit line at the worst temperature assumed at the next start-up, and the precipitation limit line indicated by a thick wavy line in the figure is considered as a precipitation limit line for threshold calculation, and SOCmax is set as the threshold value.
- the current obtained by applying the precipitation limit line for calculation is defined as a release permission current Is.
- the precipitation limit line for calculating the threshold value is also expressed as a curve with a smaller current I as the SOC is larger. Therefore, a smaller release permission current Is is obtained as the SOCmax is larger.
- the master control unit 34 stores data representing a precipitation limit line for each temperature in the form of a map or table, and has a further margin for the precipitation limit line corresponding to the worst temperature. The release permission current Is is determined by calculating and using the line.
- the battery pack that determines the release permission current Is turns off the relays 41 and 42 when the circulating current Ic falls below the release permission current Is, and is charged by the circulating current Ic.
- the release permission current Is is increased (relaxed) as the SOC of the battery pack in the charged state is lower, so that the time until the relay is turned off can be shortened.
- release permission electric current IS from the maximum SOC of a battery pack since the temperature of a battery pack is also considered, lithium precipitation by a temperature change can be suppressed.
- the control in the case where two battery packs 11 and 12 are provided has been described in detail.
- the release permission current value may be reduced as the SOC value increases.
- the release permission current value Is is decreased as the SOC value increases.
- the cell voltage monotonously increases as the SOC increases between the cell voltage and the SOC value. Since there is a relationship, it is also possible to perform control using the cell voltage instead of the SOC value.
- the control focusing on the cell voltage is also the control focusing on the SOC. Therefore, in this embodiment, the circulating current flowing between the plurality of battery packs flows most.
- the release permission current increases as the battery cell maximum terminal voltage of the battery pack into which the circulating current flowing between the plurality of battery packs flows most increases. It also includes reducing the value.
- the master BMS 31 is disposed in one battery pack 11 among the plurality of battery packs 11 and 12 provided in the power supply system 10, and the remaining battery packs 12 are disposed in the remaining battery packs 12.
- the slave BMS 32 is arranged, the power supply system to which the present invention is applied is not limited to this.
- FIG. 6 shows another example of the power supply system 10 to which the present invention is applied.
- each battery pack 11, 12 is provided with a BMS 30 having only the function of the slave control unit 33, and an integrated control unit 50 is provided separately from the battery packs 11, 12. .
- the integrated control unit 50 has a function as the master control unit 34, and is connected to each BMS 30 through the signal line 51 and also connected to the signal line 52 from the device control unit 2.
- the BMS 30 when executing the process shown in FIG. 5B, the BMS 30 executes the process of step 10, and the integrated control unit 50 executes the processes of steps 102 to 105.
- the battery array by this series-parallel connection is, for example, a plurality of unit batteries connected in series, and the unit battery is constituted by one battery cell (the above-described embodiment) or a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel. What is done can also be used.
- the SOC (State of Charge) value of the battery pack into which the circulating current flows most is the SOC value of the unit battery in the pack and the maximum SOC value.
- the voltage value of the battery pack into which the circulating current flows most is the voltage value of the unit battery in the pack and the maximum voltage value.
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Abstract
Description
電池パックを有する電源システム全体としての容量を大きくするために、電源システム内に複数の電池パックを設け、各電池パックにおいて組電池に対して直列に設けられたリレーをオンとすることによって、複数の電池パックを並列に接続することも行われている。このとき、電池パックの間で電池列の合計電圧に電位差ΔVがあると、電位差ΔVに応じて電池パックの間で循環電流が発生し、循環電流の大きさが電池パックが耐え得る最大電流を超えるとリレー故障の原因となり得る。特許文献1には、電位差ΔVが一定値以下の場合にのみ、電池パックの相互接続を許可することが開示されている。
大きな循環電流が流れている状態で各電池パック内のリレーを開放すると、電池パック間での合計電圧の差が保存されることとなり、次に電源システムを立ち上げた際の上述した循環電流の原因ともなる。特許文献2には、機器の立ち下げ時に電池パック間での電圧の均等化を図るため、電源システムを機器側から電気的に切り離したのちもしばらくは各電池パック内のリレーをオンしたままとして循環電流が流れる状態とし、所定の時間の経過後に電池パック内のリレーをオフとすることが開示されている。
負荷・回生機器1と電源システム10とを電気的に切り離し可能とするために、電力線3,4にはそれぞれリレー5,6が挿入されている。電源システム10を負荷・回生機器1に接続したときの突入電流を低減するために、プリチャージリレー7とプリチャージ抵抗8とを直列に接続したものが、リレー5に対して並列に設けられている。この電源システム10が搭載される機器(例えば車両など)の全体を制御し、特に負荷・回生機器1を制御する機器制御ユニット2が、信号線52を介して電源システム10に接続している。機器制御ユニット2は、リレー5,6及びプリチャージリレー7の開閉も制御する。
電池列21,22は、複数の単セルを直列に接続した構成を有する。単セルとしては任意の種類の二次電池セルを用いることができるが、以下の説明では、各単セルはリチウムイオン二次電池セルであるものとする。電池パック11,12を並列接続するので、各電池パック11,12に含まれる電池列21,22における単セルの直列段数は同一である。電池パック11,12公称容量も同一のものとすることが好ましい。
センサ43~45の計測値はマスターBMS31に送られ、マスターBMS31は送られてきた計測値に基づき、電池パック11のリレー41,42の開閉を制御する。同様に、電池パック12にもリレー41,42、電流センサ43、電圧センサ44及び温度センサ45が設けられている。電池パック12では、センサ43~45の計測値はスレーブBMS32に送られ、電池パック12のリレー41,42はマスターBMS31の指示を受けたスレーブBMS32の出力によって制御される。
例えば電池パックが複数のリチウムイオン二次電池セルによる電池列によって構成される場合、複数の電池パックの並列接続可能条件として、再起動時の循環電流により充電される電池パックのいずれかの単セルにおけるリチウムの析出が起こらない、という条件がある。リチウムの析出は、電流が流れ込んでいる(すなわち充電されている)電池パックのSOC(State of Charge;充電状態)の値が大きいほど、より小電流で起きることが知られており、SOC値が大きいほど、接続条件が厳しくなる。
具体的には、本実施形態の電源システム10では、次にイグニッションスイッチがオンとなったときのステップ91の起動処理において電池パック11,12を相互に並列に接続できるように、ステップ96の停止処理において、複数の電池パック11,12の間を流れる循環電流Icが最も多く流れ込む電池パックのSOC値が高いほど解除許可電流Isの値を小さくし、循環電流Icが解除許可電流Isを下回ったときに各電池パック11,12の各々のリレー41,42をオフに制御する。リレー41,42のオフへの制御は、マスターBMS31が行い、電池パック12内のリレー41,42についてはマスターBMS31からの指示を受けてスレーブBMS32がオフにするための操作を行う。
したがって、電池パック11は、抵抗R1、電池列21及びスイッチSW1が直列に接続されたもので表され、電池パック12は、抵抗R2、電池列22及びスイッチSW2が直列に接続されたもので表される。電源システム10と負荷・回生機器1とからなる構成は、負荷・回生機器1に対し、メインスイッチMSを介して、電池パック11と電池パック12とが並列に接続された構成として表されることになる。なお、図4(b)~(d)では、図面の煩雑を避けるため、電源システム10及び電池パック11,12を示す枠線は表示されていない。
ここで、図4(b)に示すようにメインスイッチMSを開放(オフ)すると、負荷・回生機器1からの充電が停止する。この時点での電池列21,22の端子電圧がそれぞれE1,E2であるとし、内部抵抗R1,R2の不均衡によりE1≠E2になっているものとすると、Ic=(E2-E1)/(R1+R2)で表される循環電流Icが電池パック11,12の間で流れることになる。循環電流Icは時間の経過とともに徐々に小さくなっていく。
ここでスイッチSW1,SW2をオフしたときから再びオンするまでの間に周囲温度がT1からT2に低下した場合を考える。スイッチSW1,SW2をオフする直前のSOCがSOCk、循環電流がIkであり、図3に示すグラフにおいてSOCkとIkによって定まる点Aが、温度T1での析出限界線よりも下であるとしても、この点Aは、温度T2での析出限界線よりも上側であることがあり得る。
マスターBMS31は、電池パック11のみに関する監視と制御を行う部分であるスレーブ制御部33と、電源システム10の全体の制御を行う部分であるマスター制御部34とを備えている。スレーブBMS32は、それが設けられる電池パック12の監視と制御だけを行えばよいので、マスターBMS31に設けられているものと同様のスレーブ制御部33のみを備えている。電池パック12の電流センサ43、電圧センサ44及び温度センサ45の計測値は電池パック12のスレーブ制御部33に与えられる。
各スレーブ制御部33は、電池列21,22ごとの電流値と、各セルの電圧及び温度とに基づいて、図5(b)のステップ101に示すように、対応する電池パックの各セルのSOCを算出する。そして各スレーブ制御部33は、対応する電池パックにおける電流値Iと、対応する電池パックに含まれる各セルのSOCのうち最大の値SOCmaxとをマスター制御部34に送る。マスター制御部34は、ステップ102において、電流が流れこむ方の電池パック(充電側の電池パック)を特定すると共に充電側の電池パックにおけるSOCmaxを利用して解除許可電流Isを設定する。
そこで、本実施形態では、次回起動時に想定される最悪温度での析出限界線にさらにマージンを加えた、図において太波線で示す析出限界線を閾値算出用の析出限界線として考え、SOCmaxを閾値算出用の析出限界線に当てはめて得られる電流を解除許可電流Isとする。閾値算出用の析出限界線も、SOCが大きいほど電流Iが小さい曲線として表されるので、SOCmaxが大きいほど小さな解除許可電流Isが得られることになる。マスター制御部34は、温度ごとの析出限界線を表すデータをマップあるいはテーブルの形で保持しており、最悪温度に対応する析出限界線に対してさらにマージンを持たせた閾値算出用の析出限界線を算出して用いることにより、解除許可電流Isを決定する。
図1及び図5に示した電源システム10では、電源システム10内に設けられる複数の電池パック11,12のうち、1つの電池パック11にはマスターBMS31を配置し、残りの電池パック12にはスレーブBMS32を配置しているが、本発明が適用される電源システムはこれに限定されるものではない。図6は、本発明が適用される電源システム10の別の例を示している。
また、電池列22は、直列接続を例として説明したが、直列接続と並列接続を組合せた直並列接続でもパック毎の内部抵抗が略同じであれば適用できる。この直並列接続による電池列は、例えば、複数の単位電池を直列に接続したものであり、単位電池は1つの電池セル(前述の一実施形態)または並列に接続された複数の電池セルにより構成されるものも利用できる。
10 電源システム
11,12 電池パック
21,22 電池列
30,31,32 BMS(バッテリー監視システム)
34 マスター制御部(制御手段)
41,42 リレー
50 統合制御ユニット
Claims (6)
- 複数の電池パックが並列に接続されると共に前記複数の電池パックを制御する制御手段を有する電源システムであって、
前記電池パックは、充放電可能な電池列と、前記電池列に直列に設けられたリレーと、前記電池列の状態を検出する検出手段と、を備え、
前記制御手段は、前記複数の電池パックの間を流れる循環電流が解除許可電流を下回ったときに前記複数の電池パックの各々の前記リレーをオフに制御し、かつ前記検出手段の検出結果に基づき、前記循環電流が最も多く流れ込む電池パックのSOC(State of Charge)相当値が高いほど前記解除許可電流を小さくすることを特徴とする電源システム。 - 前記SOC相当値は、前記循環電流が最も多く流れ込む電池パックのSOC(State of Charge)値または前記循環電流が最も多く流れ込む電池パックの電圧値である請求項1に記載の電源システム。
- 前記電池列は、複数の単位電池を直列に接続したものであり、
前記単位電池は、1つの電池セルまたは並列に接続された複数の電池セルにより構成されている請求項1または2に記載の電源システム。 - 前記循環電流が最も多く流れ込む電池パックのSOC(State of Charge)値は、当該パック内の前記単位電池のSOC値であって、かつ、最大のSOC値である請求項2または3に記載の電源システム。
- 前記循環電流が最も多く流れ込む電池パックの電圧値は、当該パック内の前記単位電池の電圧値であって、かつ、最大の電圧値である請求項2または3に記載の電源システム。
- 前記複数の電池パックの各々は、当該電池パックを監視して制御するバッテリー監視システムを有し、
前記複数の電池パックのうちの1つに設けられるバッテリー監視システムは、前記制御手段を含むマスターバッテリー監視システムである請求項1に記載の電源システム。
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US10608444B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
CN107863789B (zh) | 2021-03-02 |
EP3518374A4 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
EP3518374B1 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
JP6683819B2 (ja) | 2020-04-22 |
CN107863789A (zh) | 2018-03-30 |
KR102168910B1 (ko) | 2020-10-22 |
US20190123567A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
JPWO2018056263A1 (ja) | 2019-06-24 |
EP3518374A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
KR20180122429A (ko) | 2018-11-12 |
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