WO2018049666A1 - Soilless cultivation substrate and cultivation method for fungus - Google Patents

Soilless cultivation substrate and cultivation method for fungus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018049666A1
WO2018049666A1 PCT/CN2016/099278 CN2016099278W WO2018049666A1 WO 2018049666 A1 WO2018049666 A1 WO 2018049666A1 CN 2016099278 W CN2016099278 W CN 2016099278W WO 2018049666 A1 WO2018049666 A1 WO 2018049666A1
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Prior art keywords
substrate
parts
soilless culture
culture substrate
wood chips
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PCT/CN2016/099278
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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王亮
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王亮
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/099278 priority Critical patent/WO2018049666A1/en
Publication of WO2018049666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018049666A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant substrate, in particular to a soilless culture substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof.
  • Soilless culture A method of cultivating plants with other things, including hydroponics, fog (gas) culture, and substrate cultivation.
  • a soilless culture method in which a plant substrate is fixed with a solid substrate (medium) and the nutrient solution and oxygen are absorbed through the substrate.
  • the commonly used inorganic substrates are vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sand, polyurethane, etc.; organic substrates include peat, rice husk charcoal and bark. Therefore, substrate cultivation is divided into rock wool cultivation, sand culture, etc., and our agricultural field is also actively conducting research experiments on soilless substrates.
  • the matrix is the key to ensure the quality of the strain.
  • the high-quality matrix can provide a good ventilation environment and suitable water holding capacity for the strain, and has the characteristics of light weight, convenient transportation, no pests and diseases, and economic and environmental protection of raw materials.
  • the quality of the substrate directly affects the growth of planting plants and strains. This has become the focus of continuous research and testing in the field of agricultural matrix research, and the agricultural sector is directly facing the majority of farmers, so it is necessary to consider the cost. How to match a kind of substrate suitable for strain cultivation and low cost, and to achieve high quality and mass production of strains has become the focus of our research.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a soilless culture substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof for the above problems, and to study a low cost, suitable for the cultivation of a substrate suitable for strain cultivation, by considering the cost of the substrate raw material.
  • a substrate suitable for the cultivation of the strain is obtained, and a soilless culture substrate for the bacteria and a cultivation method thereof are provided.
  • the technical scheme of the invention adopts the use of crushed wood chips, carbonized rice husk, horse fat, grass ash, cottonseed hull, peat soil and dried chicken manure as matrix formula raw materials
  • peat soil is a matrix material rich in organic matter content
  • the technical solution of the present invention provides a soilless culture substrate for bacteria, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 2%-8% of wood chips, 10%-20% of carbonized rice husks, and 10%-20% of horse gluten fertilizers. 10%-25% of plant ash, 10%-15% of cottonseed hulls, 15%-30% of peat soil, 3%-10% of dried chicken manure, 4%-20% of rapeseed cake; the pH of the substrate is 5.8-7.9. conductivity of 500 ⁇ 700 ⁇ s / cm, water holding capacity of 55% to 80%, air porosity of 10% to 30%, a total porosity of 50% to 80%, bulk density of 0.19 ⁇ 0.7g / cm 3.
  • the bacteria use soilless culture substrate raw materials also include the following ratios by volume: 4% broken wood chips, 11% carbonized rice husk, 10% horse fat, 23% grass ash, 11% cotton seed hull, 25% peat soil, dried chicken manure 6%, rapeseed cake 10%.
  • the soil use of soilless culture substrate raw materials also includes the following ratios: 5% wood chips, 18% carbonized rice husks, 18% horse eucalyptus, 20% ash ash, 15% cotton husk, 15% peat soil, dried chicken manure 5%, rapeseed cake 9%.
  • the bacteria use soilless culture substrate raw materials also include the following ratios by volume: 8% of wood chips, 10% of carbonized rice husks, 10% of horse stalks, 34% of ash, 12% of cottonseed hulls, 21% of peat soils, dried chicken manure 5%, rapeseed cake 10%.
  • the soil-free substrate raw material of the bacteria also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 3% of wood chips, 20% of carbonized rice husks, 10% of horse stalks, 15% of ash, 15% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of peat soils, and dried chicken manure. 3%, rapeseed cake 10%.
  • any of the above-mentioned bacteria uses a soilless culture substrate, the substrate has a pH of 6.0 to 7.6, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 80%, and an air porosity of 20% to 28%.
  • the porosity is 55% to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
  • any of the above-mentioned bacteria uses a soilless culture substrate, the wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm, the carbonized rice husk has a diameter of 0.7 mm to 6 mm, the peat soil has a diameter of 3 mm to 15 mm, and the rapeseed cake has a diameter of 3 mm to 8 mm. .
  • the invention also discloses a soilless cultivation substrate cultivation method for bacteria
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials described in any one of the above items uniformly, building and fermenting, and sterilizing;
  • the water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the field of use of the substrate is mostly in the agricultural field, and the matrix material is easy to obtain, such as wood chips, carbonized rice husk, horse fat, grass ash, cottonseed hull, dried chicken manure, rapeseed cake, etc.
  • the obtained raw materials farmers can use their own resources to prepare the substrate, effectively reducing the cost of the matrix raw materials; at the same time, the raw materials of the substrate are agricultural environmental protection raw materials, no pollution; the traditional substrate is a pure fecal substrate, and the matrix is added
  • the peat soil reduces the composition of the dung grass, shortens the production cycle, and the cultivation quality is superior to the traditional pure dung grass substrate.
  • the yield and quality of the fungus are improved, so that the cost of the substrate is low, and the preparation is simple and suitable for the bacteria. Planting.
  • the present invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, Easy to operate and easy to promote.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a soilless culture substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 3%-9% of wood chips, 10%-20% of carbonized rice husks, and 10% of horse fat -20%, grass ash 15%-25%, cottonseed hull 10%-15%, peat soil 15%-35%, dry chicken manure 3%-10%, rapeseed cake 6%-20%; the substrate pH is 6.0 ⁇ 7.7, the conductivity is 500 ⁇ 700 ⁇ s/cm, the water holding capacity is 55% ⁇ 80%, the air porosity is 10% ⁇ 30%, the total porosity is 50% ⁇ 80%, and the bulk density is 0.19 ⁇ 0.7g/cm. 3 .
  • the water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm
  • the carbonized rice husks have a diameter of 0.7 mm to 6 mm
  • the peat soil has a diameter of 3 mm to 15 mm
  • the rapeseed cake has a diameter of 3 mm to 8 mm.
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials described in any one of the above items uniformly, building and fermenting, and sterilizing;
  • the water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
  • a better matrix formulation was obtained by comparing the diameters of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the stalk, the period of the mushroom, and the yield of the same planting area.
  • the soil-free substrate material used in the bacteria also includes the following ratios: 4% broken wood chips, 11% carbonized rice husks, 10% horse fat, 23% grass ash, 11% cotton seed hulls, 25% peat soil, dried chicken Feces 6%, rapeseed cake 10%.
  • the substrate had a pH of 7.0, an electrical conductivity of 660 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 70%, an air porosity of 22%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.30 g/cm 3 .
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the soil use of soilless culture substrate raw materials also includes the following ratios: 5% wood chips, 18% carbonized rice husks, 18% horse eucalyptus, 20% ash ash, 15% cotton husk, 15% peat soil, dry chicken Feces 5%, rapeseed cake 9%.
  • the substrate had a pH of 7.2, an electrical conductivity of 650 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 68%, an air porosity of 23%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.35 g/cm 3 .
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the soil use of soilless culture substrate raw materials also includes the following proportions of wood chips 8%, carbonized rice husk 10%, horse hoe fertilizer 10%, grass ash 34%, cottonseed husk 12%, peat soil 21%, dry chicken manure 5%, rapeseed cake 10%.
  • the substrate had a pH of 7.4, an electrical conductivity of 670 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 73%, an air porosity of 26%, a total porosity of 59%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the soil-free culture substrate raw material also includes the following ratios: 3% wood chip, 20% carbonized rice husk, 10% horse eucalyptus, 15% ash ash, 15% cotton husk, 15% peat soil, dried chicken Feces 3%, rapeseed cake 10%.
  • the substrate has a pH of 7.6, an electrical conductivity of 680 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 78%, an air porosity of 25%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • Matrix conventional dung grass substrate; built-up and water fermentation, then added lime, disinfected; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounted for 1% of the entire medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Strain Agaricus bisporus;
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • test data collected according to the above specific examples are as follows:
  • Example 1 1.9CM 4.2CM 5.5CM 84 days 30KG/m2
  • Example 2 2CM 3.8CM 5CM 91 days 28KG / square meter
  • Example 3 1.6CM 4CM 4.8CM 88 days 25KG/m2
  • Example 4 1.3CM 3.5CM 5.3CM 92 days 20KG / square meter
  • Example 5 1CM 2.5CM 4.2CM 117 days 15.7KG / square meter
  • the diameter of the stipe of Examples 1-4 The length of the stipe and the diameter of the cap are better than that of the fifth embodiment.
  • the fruiting period of the examples 1-4 is also lower than that of the fifth embodiment.
  • the yield of the same planting area of the examples 1-4 is also higher than that of the embodiment 5, and the above parameters are It can be seen that the strain data cultivated by the matrix formulated by the technical scheme of the present invention is superior to the traditional fecal grass substrate cultivation effect.
  • the matrix material in the technical scheme of the invention is easy for the farmers to obtain, the ratio method is simple, and the operation is easy, such as wood chips, carbonized rice husk, horse fat, grass ash, cottonseed hull, dried chicken manure, rapeseed cake, etc.
  • Easy-to-obtain raw materials farmers can use their own resources to prepare the substrate, effectively reducing the cost of the matrix raw materials; at the same time, the matrix raw material is farmhouse environmentally friendly raw materials, no pollution; the technical solution of the present invention adds peat soil, reduces the dung grass Ingredients, shorten the production cycle, and the quality of cultivation is better than the traditional pure fecal substrate, which improves the yield and quality of the fungus.
  • the agricultural field can be industrialized according to the technical scheme of the present invention, and can also be implemented in a small-scale self-preparation by farmers in the convenience of the people.
  • the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

A soilless cultivation substrate and cultivation method for a fungus. Wood chips, carbonized rice husks, horse manure, plant ash, cottonseed hulls, peat soil, dry chicken manure, and rapeseed cake are selected as substrate formulation materials; the peat soil is an organic matter-rich substrate material and is used together with the wood chips, carbonized rice husks, horse manure, plant ash, cottonseed hulls, dry chicken manure, and rapeseed cake. The fungus planting production period is shortened, the cultivation quality is superior to that of a traditional pure manure-straw substrate, and the yield and quality of fungus planting can be greatly and effectively improved.

Description

菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法Soilless culture substrate for bacteria and cultivation method thereof 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种植物基质，特别涉及一种菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法。The invention relates to a plant substrate, in particular to a soilless culture substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
无土栽培(soilless culture)不用土壤，用其它东西培养植物的方法，包括水培、雾(气)培、基质栽培。用固体基质(介质)固定植物根系，并通过基质吸收营养液和氧的一种无土栽培方式。基质种类很多，常用的无机基质有蛭石、珍珠岩、岩棉、沙、聚氨酯等；有机基质有泥炭、稻壳炭、树皮等。因此基质栽培又分为岩棉栽培、沙培等，对此我们农业领域也在积极的着手无土基质的研究试验。Soilless culture A method of cultivating plants with other things, including hydroponics, fog (gas) culture, and substrate cultivation. A soilless culture method in which a plant substrate is fixed with a solid substrate (medium) and the nutrient solution and oxygen are absorbed through the substrate. There are many kinds of substrates. The commonly used inorganic substrates are vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sand, polyurethane, etc.; organic substrates include peat, rice husk charcoal and bark. Therefore, substrate cultivation is divided into rock wool cultivation, sand culture, etc., and our agricultural field is also actively conducting research experiments on soilless substrates.
在农业菌种种植行业，基质是保证菌种质量的关键，优质的基质能为菌种提供良好的通气环境、合适的持水量，并具有轻质、方便运输、无病虫害、原料经济环保等品质，同时基质的好坏直接影响种植的植物、菌种的生长情况，这成为我们现今农业基质研究领域不断研究试验的重点领域，而农业领域直接面对是的广大农民，因此需要考虑成本问题，如何配比出一种适合菌种种植且价格成本低廉而又能实现菌种种植优质、量产的基质成为我们研究的重点。In the agricultural mushroom planting industry, the matrix is the key to ensure the quality of the strain. The high-quality matrix can provide a good ventilation environment and suitable water holding capacity for the strain, and has the characteristics of light weight, convenient transportation, no pests and diseases, and economic and environmental protection of raw materials. At the same time, the quality of the substrate directly affects the growth of planting plants and strains. This has become the focus of continuous research and testing in the field of agricultural matrix research, and the agricultural sector is directly facing the majority of farmers, so it is necessary to consider the cost. How to match a kind of substrate suitable for strain cultivation and low cost, and to achieve high quality and mass production of strains has become the focus of our research.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明目的是针对以上问题，提供一种菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法，通过对基质原料成本的考虑、旨在研究一种成本低廉，配成简易且适合菌种种植的基质，在通过对菌类种植的基质配比进行试验、研究，进而获得一种适合菌种种植的基质，同时提供一种菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a soilless culture substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof for the above problems, and to study a low cost, suitable for the cultivation of a substrate suitable for strain cultivation, by considering the cost of the substrate raw material. By testing and researching the matrix ratio of the fungus planting, a substrate suitable for the cultivation of the strain is obtained, and a soilless culture substrate for the bacteria and a cultivation method thereof are provided.
本发明的技术方案为选用碎木屑，碳化稻壳，马厩肥，草木灰，棉籽壳，泥炭土，干鸡粪作为基质配方原料，泥炭土为有机质含量丰富的基质原料，碎木屑，碳化稻壳，马厩肥，草木灰，棉籽壳，干鸡粪，菜籽饼；基质原料对于农民来说易于获得而且环保。The technical scheme of the invention adopts the use of crushed wood chips, carbonized rice husk, horse fat, grass ash, cottonseed hull, peat soil and dried chicken manure as matrix formula raw materials, peat soil is a matrix material rich in organic matter content, crushed wood chips, carbonized rice husk, Horse fat, grass ash, cottonseed hull, dry chicken manure, rapeseed cake; matrix materials are easy to obtain and environmentally friendly for farmers.
本发明的技术方案是通过以下方式实现的：The technical solution of the present invention is achieved by the following methods:
本发明技术方案提供一种菌用无土栽培基质，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑2％-8％，碳化稻壳10％-20％，马厩肥10％-20％，草木灰10％-25％，棉籽壳10％-15％，泥炭土15％-30％，干鸡粪3％-10％，菜籽饼4％-20％；所述基质酸碱度为5.8～7.9，电导率为500～700μs/cm，持水量为55％～80％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～80％，容重为0.19～0.7g/cm3。 The technical solution of the present invention provides a soilless culture substrate for bacteria, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 2%-8% of wood chips, 10%-20% of carbonized rice husks, and 10%-20% of horse gluten fertilizers. 10%-25% of plant ash, 10%-15% of cottonseed hulls, 15%-30% of peat soil, 3%-10% of dried chicken manure, 4%-20% of rapeseed cake; the pH of the substrate is 5.8-7.9. conductivity of 500 ~ 700μs / cm, water holding capacity of 55% to 80%, air porosity of 10% to 30%, a total porosity of 50% to 80%, bulk density of 0.19 ~ 0.7g / cm 3.
所述菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑4％，碳化稻壳11％，马厩肥10％，草木灰23％，棉籽壳11％，泥炭土25％，干鸡粪6％，菜籽饼10％。The bacteria use soilless culture substrate raw materials also include the following ratios by volume: 4% broken wood chips, 11% carbonized rice husk, 10% horse fat, 23% grass ash, 11% cotton seed hull, 25% peat soil, dried chicken manure 6%, rapeseed cake 10%.
所述菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑5％，碳化稻壳18％，马厩肥18％，草木灰20％，棉籽壳15％，泥炭土15％，干鸡粪5％，菜籽饼9％。The soil use of soilless culture substrate raw materials also includes the following ratios: 5% wood chips, 18% carbonized rice husks, 18% horse eucalyptus, 20% ash ash, 15% cotton husk, 15% peat soil, dried chicken manure 5%, rapeseed cake 9%.
所述菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑8％，碳化稻壳10％，马厩肥10％，草木灰34％，棉籽壳12％，泥炭土21％，干鸡粪5％，菜籽饼10％。The bacteria use soilless culture substrate raw materials also include the following ratios by volume: 8% of wood chips, 10% of carbonized rice husks, 10% of horse stalks, 34% of ash, 12% of cottonseed hulls, 21% of peat soils, dried chicken manure 5%, rapeseed cake 10%.
所述菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑3％，碳化稻壳20％，马厩肥10％，草木灰15％，棉籽壳15％，泥炭土15％，干鸡粪3％，菜籽饼10％。The soil-free substrate raw material of the bacteria also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 3% of wood chips, 20% of carbonized rice husks, 10% of horse stalks, 15% of ash, 15% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of peat soils, and dried chicken manure. 3%, rapeseed cake 10%.
上述的任意一种菌用无土栽培基质，所述基质酸碱度为6.0～7.6，电导率为650～700μs/cm，持水量为64％～80％，空气孔隙度为20％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。Any of the above-mentioned bacteria uses a soilless culture substrate, the substrate has a pH of 6.0 to 7.6, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 80%, and an air porosity of 20% to 28%. The porosity is 55% to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
上述的任意一种菌用无土栽培基质，所述碎木屑直径为0.1mm-2.6mm，碳化稻壳直径为0.7mm-6mm，泥炭土直径为3mm-15mm，菜籽饼直径为3mm-8mm。Any of the above-mentioned bacteria uses a soilless culture substrate, the wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm, the carbonized rice husk has a diameter of 0.7 mm to 6 mm, the peat soil has a diameter of 3 mm to 15 mm, and the rapeseed cake has a diameter of 3 mm to 8 mm. .
本发明还公开了一种菌用无土栽培基质栽培方法，The invention also discloses a soilless cultivation substrate cultivation method for bacteria,
配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，建堆发酵，进行灭菌；Formulating the substrate: mixing the matrix materials described in any one of the above items uniformly, building and fermenting, and sterilizing;
菌种选择和播种：将上述调配发酵、灭菌后的基质进行播种。Selection and seeding of the strain: The substrate after fermentation and sterilization as described above was sown.
生长期管理：在菌丝出土5-13天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7-10份，氨基酸2-3份，葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份，尿素5-6份，磷酸二氢钾4-5份；Growth period management: After 5-13 days of unearthing of hyphae, apply nutrient solution A, nutrient solution A in parts by weight, including 7-10 parts of humic acid, 2-3 parts of amino acid, 3-6 parts of glucose, water 11-20 After the mushroom is harvested, the nutrient solution B is sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B is in parts by weight, including 3-6 parts of glucose, 11-20 parts of water, 5-6 parts of urea, dihydrogen phosphate. Potassium 4-5 parts;
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。Harvesting period: When the mushroom bud grows to a diameter of more than 3cm, the bacterial membrane is not broken, and the pleats are not exposed, so that harvesting can be carried out.
所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。The water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 μs/cm to 150 μs/cm.
所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。The substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
本发明的有益效果为：针对本基质使用领域多为农业领域，基质原料易于获取，如碎木屑，碳化稻壳，马厩肥，草木灰，棉籽壳，干鸡粪，菜籽饼等皆为农民易于获得的原料，农民可以利用自有资源进行配制基质，有效的降低基质原料的成本问题；同时本基质原料为农家环保原料，无污染；传统基质用的是纯粪草基质，而本基质中加入了泥炭土，降低了粪草成份，缩短生产周期，栽培质量也优于传统的纯粪草基质，对菌类在产量和质量得到改进，由此可知本基质成本低廉，配成简易且适合菌种种植。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法， 操作简单，便于推广。The invention has the beneficial effects that the field of use of the substrate is mostly in the agricultural field, and the matrix material is easy to obtain, such as wood chips, carbonized rice husk, horse fat, grass ash, cottonseed hull, dried chicken manure, rapeseed cake, etc. The obtained raw materials, farmers can use their own resources to prepare the substrate, effectively reducing the cost of the matrix raw materials; at the same time, the raw materials of the substrate are agricultural environmental protection raw materials, no pollution; the traditional substrate is a pure fecal substrate, and the matrix is added The peat soil reduces the composition of the dung grass, shortens the production cycle, and the cultivation quality is superior to the traditional pure dung grass substrate. The yield and quality of the fungus are improved, so that the cost of the substrate is low, and the preparation is simple and suitable for the bacteria. Planting. At the same time, the present invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, Easy to operate and easy to promote.
具体实施方式detailed description
除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有术语具有以下定义。除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有百分数均基于体积。除非另外声明外，术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”和“含有”具有开放式含义，即，“包含但不限于”。All terms used herein have the following definitions unless otherwise stated. All percentages used herein are based on volume unless otherwise stated. The terms "comprising," "having," "having," and "having" are meant to have an open meaning, that is, "including but not limited to".
本发明进一步参考以下实施例描述。以下实施例仅是为了说明本发明，而非意图限制。The invention is further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
本发明实施例提供一种菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑3％-9％，碳化稻壳10％-20％，马厩肥10％-20％，草木灰15％-25％，棉籽壳10％-15％，泥炭土15％-35％，干鸡粪3％-10％，菜籽饼6％-20％；所述基质酸碱度为6.0～7.7，电导率为500～700μs/cm，持水量为55％～80％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～80％，容重为0.19～0.7g/cm3。The embodiment of the invention provides a soilless culture substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 3%-9% of wood chips, 10%-20% of carbonized rice husks, and 10% of horse fat -20%, grass ash 15%-25%, cottonseed hull 10%-15%, peat soil 15%-35%, dry chicken manure 3%-10%, rapeseed cake 6%-20%; the substrate pH is 6.0～7.7, the conductivity is 500～700μs/cm, the water holding capacity is 55%～80%, the air porosity is 10%～30%, the total porosity is 50%～80%, and the bulk density is 0.19～0.7g/cm. 3 .
所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。The water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 μs/cm to 150 μs/cm.
所述碎木屑直径为0.1mm-2.6mm，碳化稻壳直径为0.7mm-6mm，泥炭土直径为3mm-15mm，菜籽饼直径为3mm-8mm。The wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm, the carbonized rice husks have a diameter of 0.7 mm to 6 mm, the peat soil has a diameter of 3 mm to 15 mm, and the rapeseed cake has a diameter of 3 mm to 8 mm.
配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，建堆发酵，进行灭菌；Formulating the substrate: mixing the matrix materials described in any one of the above items uniformly, building and fermenting, and sterilizing;
菌种选择和播种：将上述调配发酵、灭菌后的基质进行播种。Selection and seeding of the strain: The substrate after fermentation and sterilization as described above was sown.
生长期管理：在菌丝出土5-13天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7-10份，氨基酸2-3份，葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份，尿素5-6份，磷酸二氢钾4-5份；Growth period management: After 5-13 days of unearthing of hyphae, apply nutrient solution A, nutrient solution A in parts by weight, including 7-10 parts of humic acid, 2-3 parts of amino acid, 3-6 parts of glucose, water 11-20 After the mushroom is harvested, the nutrient solution B is sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B is in parts by weight, including 3-6 parts of glucose, 11-20 parts of water, 5-6 parts of urea, dihydrogen phosphate. Potassium 4-5 parts;
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。Harvesting period: When the mushroom bud grows to a diameter of more than 3cm, the bacterial membrane is not broken, and the pleats are not exposed, so that harvesting can be carried out.
所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。The water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 μs/cm to 150 μs/cm. The substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
通过对比各种基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、出菇周期、同等种植面积产量等参数对比，获取一种较佳的基质配比配方。A better matrix formulation was obtained by comparing the diameters of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the stalk, the period of the mushroom, and the yield of the same planting area.
实施例1Example 1
配制基质：菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑4％，碳化稻壳11％，马厩肥10％，草木灰23％，棉籽壳11％，泥炭土25％，干鸡粪6％，菜籽饼10％。所述基质 酸碱度为7.0，电导率为660μs/cm，持水量为70％，空气孔隙度为22％，总孔隙度为60％，容重为0.30g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。Formulation matrix: The soil-free substrate material used in the bacteria also includes the following ratios: 4% broken wood chips, 11% carbonized rice husks, 10% horse fat, 23% grass ash, 11% cotton seed hulls, 25% peat soil, dried chicken Feces 6%, rapeseed cake 10%. The substrate had a pH of 7.0, an electrical conductivity of 660 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 70%, an air porosity of 22%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.30 g/cm 3 . The ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium. The fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
菌种：双孢蘑菇；Strain: Agaricus bisporus;
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。Sowing: The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type. On the trampoline, the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。Growth period management: After the hyphae are unearthed for 7 days, the nutrient solution A is applied. The nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period The nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。Harvesting period: When the mushroom bud grows to a diameter of more than 3cm, the bacterial membrane is not broken, and the pleats are not exposed, so that harvesting can be carried out.
实施例2Example 2
配制基质：菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑5％，碳化稻壳18％，马厩肥18％，草木灰20％，棉籽壳15％，泥炭土15％，干鸡粪5％，菜籽饼9％。所述基质酸碱度为7.2，电导率为650μs/cm，持水量为68％，空气孔隙度为23％，总孔隙度为60％，容重为0.35g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。Formulation matrix: The soil use of soilless culture substrate raw materials also includes the following ratios: 5% wood chips, 18% carbonized rice husks, 18% horse eucalyptus, 20% ash ash, 15% cotton husk, 15% peat soil, dry chicken Feces 5%, rapeseed cake 9%. The substrate had a pH of 7.2, an electrical conductivity of 650 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 68%, an air porosity of 23%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.35 g/cm 3 . The ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium. The fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
菌种：双孢蘑菇；Strain: Agaricus bisporus;
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。Sowing: The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type. On the trampoline, the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。Growth period management: After the hyphae are unearthed for 7 days, the nutrient solution A is applied. The nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period The nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。Harvesting period: When the mushroom bud grows to a diameter of more than 3cm, the bacterial membrane is not broken, and the pleats are not exposed, so that harvesting can be carried out.
实施例3 Example 3
配制基质：菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例碎木屑8％，碳化稻壳10％，马厩肥10％，草木灰34％，棉籽壳12％，泥炭土21％，干鸡粪5％，菜籽饼10％。所述基质酸碱度为7.4，电导率为670μs/cm，持水量为73％，空气孔隙度为26％，总孔隙度为59％，容重为0.4g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。Formulation matrix: The soil use of soilless culture substrate raw materials also includes the following proportions of wood chips 8%, carbonized rice husk 10%, horse hoe fertilizer 10%, grass ash 34%, cottonseed husk 12%, peat soil 21%, dry chicken manure 5%, rapeseed cake 10%. The substrate had a pH of 7.4, an electrical conductivity of 670 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 73%, an air porosity of 26%, a total porosity of 59%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3. The ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium. The fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
菌种：双孢蘑菇；Strain: Agaricus bisporus;
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。Sowing: The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type. On the trampoline, the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。Growth period management: After the hyphae are unearthed for 7 days, the nutrient solution A is applied. The nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period The nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。Harvesting period: When the mushroom bud grows to a diameter of more than 3cm, the bacterial membrane is not broken, and the pleats are not exposed, so that harvesting can be carried out.
实施例4Example 4
配制基质：菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑3％，碳化稻壳20％，马厩肥10％，草木灰15％，棉籽壳15％，泥炭土15％，干鸡粪3％，菜籽饼10％。所述基质酸碱度为7.6，电导率为680μs/cm，持水量为78％，空气孔隙度为25％，总孔隙度为60％，容重为0.4g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。Formulation matrix: The soil-free culture substrate raw material also includes the following ratios: 3% wood chip, 20% carbonized rice husk, 10% horse eucalyptus, 15% ash ash, 15% cotton husk, 15% peat soil, dried chicken Feces 3%, rapeseed cake 10%. The substrate has a pH of 7.6, an electrical conductivity of 680 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 78%, an air porosity of 25%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3. The ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium. The fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
菌种：双孢蘑菇；Strain: Agaricus bisporus;
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。Sowing: The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type. On the trampoline, the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。Growth period management: After the hyphae are unearthed for 7 days, the nutrient solution A is applied. The nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period The nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时， 即可进行采收。Harvesting period: When the mushroom bud grows to a diameter of 3 cm or more, the membrane is not broken, and the pleats are not exposed. It can be harvested.
实施例5Example 5
基质：常规粪草基质；建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。菌种：双孢蘑菇；Matrix: conventional dung grass substrate; built-up and water fermentation, then added lime, disinfected; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounted for 1% of the entire medium. The fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days. Strain: Agaricus bisporus;
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。Sowing: The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type. On the trampoline, the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。Growth period management: After the hyphae are unearthed for 7 days, the nutrient solution A is applied. The nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period The nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。Harvesting period: When the mushroom bud grows to a diameter of more than 3cm, the bacterial membrane is not broken, and the pleats are not exposed, so that harvesting can be carried out.
根据上述具体实施例采集的试验数据如下表：The test data collected according to the above specific examples are as follows:
产品product 菌柄直径Stipe diameter 菌柄长度Stipe length 菌盖直径Cap diameter 出菇周期Fruiting cycle 同等种植面积产量Equal planting area yield
实施例1Example 1 1.9CM1.9CM 4.2CM4.2CM 5.5CM5.5CM 84天84 days 30KG/平方米30KG/m2
实施例2Example 2 2CM2CM 3.8CM3.8CM 5CM5CM 91天91 days 28KG/平方米28KG / square meter
实施例3Example 3 1.6CM1.6CM 4CM4CM 4.8CM4.8CM 88天88 days 25KG/平方米25KG/m2
实施例4Example 4 1.3CM1.3CM 3.5CM3.5CM 5.3CM5.3CM 92天92 days 20KG/平方米20KG / square meter
实施例5Example 5 1CM1CM 2.5CM2.5CM 4.2CM4.2CM 117天117 days 15.7KG/平方米15.7KG / square meter
根据上述试验数据中不同基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、出菇周期、同等种植面积产量对比，从表中可以看出，实施例1-4的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径都优于实施例5，实施例1-4的出菇期也低于实施例5，实施例1-4同等种植面积产量也高于实施例5，由以上参数可以看出本发明技术方案调配的基质所培育的菌种数据优于传统粪草基质培育效果。本发明技术方案中的基质原料对于农民来说获取容易，配比方法简单，易于操作，如碎木屑，碳化稻壳，马厩肥，草木灰，棉籽壳，干鸡粪，菜籽饼等皆为农民易于获得的原料，农民可以利用自有资源进行配制基质，有效的降低基质原料的成本问题；同时本基质原料为农家环保原料，无污染；本发明技术方案中加入了泥炭土，降低了粪草成份，缩短生产周期，栽培质量也优于传统的纯粪草基质，对菌类在产量和质量得到改进。农业领域可以根据本发明技术方案产业化生产，也可以在农民中推行便民化小规模自行配制，利于民生。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法，操作简单，便于推广。According to the comparison of the stalk diameter, the length of the stipe, the diameter of the cap, the period of the mushroom, and the yield of the same planting area of the strains cultivated by the different substrates in the above test data, it can be seen from the table that the diameter of the stipe of Examples 1-4 The length of the stipe and the diameter of the cap are better than that of the fifth embodiment. The fruiting period of the examples 1-4 is also lower than that of the fifth embodiment. The yield of the same planting area of the examples 1-4 is also higher than that of the embodiment 5, and the above parameters are It can be seen that the strain data cultivated by the matrix formulated by the technical scheme of the present invention is superior to the traditional fecal grass substrate cultivation effect. The matrix material in the technical scheme of the invention is easy for the farmers to obtain, the ratio method is simple, and the operation is easy, such as wood chips, carbonized rice husk, horse fat, grass ash, cottonseed hull, dried chicken manure, rapeseed cake, etc. Easy-to-obtain raw materials, farmers can use their own resources to prepare the substrate, effectively reducing the cost of the matrix raw materials; at the same time, the matrix raw material is farmhouse environmentally friendly raw materials, no pollution; the technical solution of the present invention adds peat soil, reduces the dung grass Ingredients, shorten the production cycle, and the quality of cultivation is better than the traditional pure fecal substrate, which improves the yield and quality of the fungus. The agricultural field can be industrialized according to the technical scheme of the present invention, and can also be implemented in a small-scale self-preparation by farmers in the convenience of the people. At the same time, the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域技术人员应当理解，依然可以对本发明进行修改 或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。 It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating and not limiting the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can still be modified. Equivalents and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑2％-8％，碳化稻壳10％-20％，马厩肥10％-20％，草木灰10％-25％，棉籽壳10％-15％，泥炭土15％-30％，干鸡粪3％-10％，菜籽饼4％-20％；所述基质酸碱度为5.8～7.9，电导率为500～700μs/cm，持水量为55％～80％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～80％，容重为0.19～0.7g/cm3。The soilless culture substrate for bacteria is characterized in that the matrix material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 2% to 8% of wood chips, 10% to 20% of carbonized rice husks, 10% to 20% of horse eucalyptus, 10% of ash. -25%, cottonseed hull 10%-15%, peat soil 15%-30%, dry chicken manure 3%-10%, rapeseed cake 4%-20%; the substrate pH 5.8-7.9, conductivity 500 to 700 μs/cm, water holding capacity is 55% to 80%, air porosity is 10% to 30%, total porosity is 50% to 80%, and bulk density is 0.19 to 0.7 g/cm 3 .
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑2％，碳化稻壳13％，马厩肥10％，草木灰23％，棉籽壳11％，泥炭土25％，干鸡粪6％，菜籽饼10％。The soilless culture substrate for bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 2% of wood chips, 13% of carbonized rice husks, 10% of horse eucalyptus, 23% of ash, and cottonseed. Shell 11%, peat soil 25%, dry chicken manure 6%, rapeseed cake 10%.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑4％，碳化稻壳19％，马厩肥18％，草木灰20％，棉籽壳15％，泥炭土15％，干鸡粪5％，菜籽饼4％。The soilless culture substrate for bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 4% of wood chips, 19% of carbonized rice husks, 18% of horse eucalyptus, 20% of ash, and cottonseed. Shell 15%, peat soil 15%, dry chicken manure 5%, rapeseed cake 4%.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑8％，碳化稻壳10％，马厩肥10％，草木灰34％，棉籽壳12％，泥炭土21％，干鸡粪5％，菜籽饼10％。The soilless culture substrate for bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 8% of wood chips, 10% of carbonized rice husks, 10% of horse eucalyptus, 34% of ash, and cottonseed. Shell 12%, peat soil 21%, dry chicken manure 5%, rapeseed cake 10%.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑3％，碳化稻壳20％，马厩肥10％，草木灰15％，棉籽壳15％，泥炭土15％，干鸡粪3％，菜籽饼10％。The soilless culture substrate for bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 3% of wood chips, 20% of carbonized rice husks, 10% of horse stalks, 15% of ash, and cottonseed. Shell 15%, peat soil 15%, dry chicken manure 3%, rapeseed cake 10%.
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质酸碱度为6.0～7.6，电导率为650～700μs/cm，持水量为64％～80％，空气孔隙度为20％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。The soilless culture substrate for bacteria according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the substrate has a pH of 6.0 to 7.6, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 μs/cm, and a water holding capacity of 64% to 80%. The air porosity is 20% to 28%, the total porosity is 55% to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述碎木屑直径为0.1mm-2.6mm，碳化稻壳直径为0.7mm-6mm，泥炭土直径为3mm-15mm，菜籽饼直径为3mm-8mm。The soilless culture substrate for bacteria according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm, the carbonized rice husk has a diameter of 0.7 mm to 6 mm, and the peat soil has a diameter of 3 mm. -15mm, rapeseed cake diameter is 3mm-8mm.
  8. 菌用无土栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，a soilless culture substrate cultivation method for bacteria, characterized in that
    配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，建堆发酵，进行灭菌；Formulating the substrate: mixing the matrix materials described in any one of the above items uniformly, building and fermenting, and sterilizing;
    菌种选择和播种：将上述调配发酵、灭菌后的基质进行播种；Strain selection and sowing: the above-mentioned fermented and sterilized substrate is sown;
    生长期管理：在菌丝出土5-13天后，施用肥料，肥料以重量份计，包括腐植酸7-10份，氨基酸2-3份，葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份，尿素5-6份，磷酸二氢钾4-5份；Growth period management: 5-13 days after the hyphae are unearthed, the fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer is in parts by weight, including 7-10 parts of humic acid, 2-3 parts of amino acid, 3-6 parts of glucose, and 11-20 parts of water; During the period from the mushroom to the harvesting period, the nutrient solution B is sprayed once a week. The nutrient solution B is in parts by weight, including 3-6 parts of glucose, 11-20 parts of water, 5-6 parts of urea, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-5. Share
    采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进 行采收。Harvesting period: When the mushroom bud grows to a diameter of more than 3cm, the membrane is not broken, and the pleats are not exposed, then you can enter Line harvesting.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的菌用无土栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。The method for cultivating a soilless culture substrate for bacteria according to claim 8, wherein the water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electric conductivity of 100 μs/cm to 150 μs/cm.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的菌用无土栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。 The method for cultivating a soilless culture substrate for bacteria according to claim 8, wherein the substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
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