WO2018041262A1 - 一种水溶性购物袋及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水溶性购物袋及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018041262A1
WO2018041262A1 PCT/CN2017/100434 CN2017100434W WO2018041262A1 WO 2018041262 A1 WO2018041262 A1 WO 2018041262A1 CN 2017100434 W CN2017100434 W CN 2017100434W WO 2018041262 A1 WO2018041262 A1 WO 2018041262A1
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Prior art keywords
water
soluble
shopping bag
fatty acid
film
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PCT/CN2017/100434
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
崔跃飞
贝彻罗伯特·阿斯特特
谢斌
Original Assignee
广东聚益新材有限公司
塞鲁贝合伙公司
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Application filed by 广东聚益新材有限公司, 塞鲁贝合伙公司 filed Critical 广东聚益新材有限公司
Priority to EP17845564.8A priority Critical patent/EP3508529B1/en
Priority to GB1904175.5A priority patent/GB2568639B/en
Priority to US16/330,375 priority patent/US10954372B2/en
Priority to ES17845564T priority patent/ES2877217T3/es
Priority to CR20190170A priority patent/CR20190170A/es
Publication of WO2018041262A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018041262A1/zh
Priority to CO2019003385A priority patent/CO2019003385A2/es

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    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C55/28—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of blown tubular films, e.g. by inflation
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    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2029/04—PVOH, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7128—Bags, sacks, sachets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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    • C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to an environmentally friendly shopping bag, in particular to an environmentally friendly shopping bag with cold water solubility and a preparation method thereof.
  • Plastic shopping bags currently used in commercial shopping malls, one type of plastic shopping bags made of general plastics, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc.; use of plastic shopping bags It brings convenience to customers and also brings a lot of plastic garbage to the natural environment. Because such plastic bags are difficult to degrade in the natural environment, they generate a lot of white pollution in the natural environment, destroy the soil, pollute the water quality, and give nature. The ecology causes serious harm.
  • One type is a disposable biodegradable shopping bag produced from biodegradable raw materials, such as PLA, PBS, PBAT, etc.
  • Such shopping bags can be biodegraded in the natural environment, thereby avoiding pollution and harm to the natural environment, but Due to the high manufacturing cost, such raw materials are generally more than three times more expensive than ordinary plastics, so the scope of use is therefore difficult to widely promote due to price constraints, and biodegradation in the natural environment also takes a certain amount of time.
  • the invention aims at developing some kind of environmentally-friendly shopping bags which are not only biodegradable but also water-soluble, in view of some defects and deficiencies of the above common shopping bags.
  • polyvinyl alcohol As a water-soluble polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used in viscose fiber, adhesives, coatings and other fields. At the same time, polyvinyl alcohol is biodegradable, and its biological oxygen consumption and chemical oxygen consumption in water are extremely low, which does not pollute and destroy water quality; it dissolves into the soil not only does not pollute and destroy the soil, but also improves the soil. And water retention, making it an environmentally friendly material and being valued. However, due to its poor thermoplastic processing properties, it is rarely used as a thermoplastic processing and forming.
  • the invention prepares the shopping bag of the invention by the thermoplastic resin (PVA) effective plasticizing, internal and external processing lubrication and the like, so that the polyvinyl alcohol is effectively processed by thermoplastic processing, not only has the thermoplastic processing formability, the invention
  • the prepared shopping bag is also biodegradable and water-soluble, and can be visually disappeared in the case of water after use, thereby achieving "visible degradation" and realizing effective protection to the environment.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of existing products and products in use, and to provide a method for preparing a biodegradable shopping bag with water solubility, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
  • a water-soluble shopping bag in parts by weight, comprising the following components:
  • Film anti-blocking agent 0.5 ⁇ 3.0.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a partially alcoholic polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of 300 to 2400 and an alcoholysis degree of 88%, specifically including the grades of PVA-0388, PVA-0588, and PVA-1788. More than one powder raw material of PVA-2088, PVA-2288 and PVA-2488.
  • the polyol is a water soluble polyol comprising one of glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and mannitol.
  • the polyol ether is a water-soluble polyol ether, including one of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, and ethylene glycol methyl ether.
  • the fatty acid amine or fatty acid alcohol amine refers to a water soluble fatty acid amine or fatty acid alcohol amine, including one of ethylene diamine, diethanol amine and triethanol amine.
  • the polysaccharide and its derivative refer to an alkyl glycoside (APG) synthesized from a renewable resource natural fatty alcohol and glucose, which is an internationally recognized and preferred "green raw material", which not only has Higher surface activity, better ecological safety and compatibility, mild, non-toxic, non-irritating, and biodegradable; the polysaccharide and its derivatives include one of AGP0810, AGP1214, AGP0814, AGP0816 and AGP1216. Kind.
  • APG alkyl glycoside
  • the internal lubrication processing aid refers to polyethylene oxide (PEO).
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • PEO-8 polyvinyl alcohol
  • PEO-10 polyvinyl alcohol
  • the external lubricant refers to a saturated fatty acid or a saturated fatty alcohol having a carbon chain of 12-18;
  • the saturated fatty acid includes dodecanoic acid, myristic acid (myristic acid), palmitic acid One of (palmitic acid) and octadecanoic acid (stearic acid);
  • the fatty alcohols include dodecyl alcohol, tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol), cetyl alcohol (palmitol), and stearyl alcohol (hard One of the fatty alcohols.
  • the film smoothing opening agent refers to an alkyl fatty acid, an alkyl fatty acid salt or an alkyl fatty acid amide.
  • the alkyl fatty acid comprises stearic acid.
  • the alkyl fatty acid salt comprises monostearate or sodium oleate
  • the monobasic stearate comprises sodium stearate and potassium stearate.
  • alkyl fatty acid amides include one of stearamide, oleic acid amide, and erucamide.
  • the film anti-blocking agent refers to an ultrafine inorganic powder of 5000-8000 mesh, including one of talc, light calcium carbonate, white carbon and titanium white powder.
  • the method for preparing a water-soluble shopping bag comprising the steps of: mixing the components in the parts by weight, mixing, extruding and granulating through a twin-screw extruder, and then blowing through a thermoplastic extrusion.
  • the film machine is blown into a film and then prepared into a water-soluble shopping bag of various types and specifications by a bag making machine.
  • the mixing is carried out in a high-speed mixer, stirring at a low speed of 200 r / min for 3 to 5 min; then stirring at a high speed of 1000 r / min for 20 min, controlling the material temperature does not exceed 60 ° C; finally shifting to a low speed of 200 r / min and cooling below 30 ° C Discharge, spare.
  • the temperature of the extrusion granulation is: 120 ° C / 140 ° C / 150 ° C / 160 ° C / 170 ° C / 180 ° C / 180 ° C / 180 ° C / 180 ° C / 180 ° C / 180 ° C.
  • the temperature of the blown film formation is: 140 ° C / 160 ° C / 180 ° C / 185 ° C / 185 ° C / 180 ° C.
  • the water-soluble film obtained by the blow film formation has a thickness of 10 to 80 ⁇ m.
  • the various types of water-soluble shopping bags include hem pockets or hem pockets without pockets, and the resulting water-soluble shopping bags are transparent, translucent or opaque bags, and can be prepared into various Kind of color.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
  • the water-soluble shopping bag of the present invention is biodegradable and has high load-bearing capacity and cold water solubility;
  • the water-soluble shopping bag of the invention has low biological oxygen consumption and chemical oxygen consumption in the natural environment, and does not pollute and harm the soil and water source after being dissolved into the soil and the water source;
  • the water-soluble shopping bag of the present invention does not cause white pollution after use
  • the shopping bag of the present invention has a wide range of raw materials, and most of the materials used are renewable resources as the basic raw materials, which are cheaper than other shopping bags which can be completely biodegradable raw materials, and are suitable for use in a waterless environment. In the environment of water, it quickly disappears.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the shape of a water-soluble shopping made according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic view showing the shape of a water-soluble shopping bag prepared by the present invention.
  • 2b is a schematic view showing the shape of a water-soluble shopping bag prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 3a is a schematic view showing the shape of a water-soluble shopping bag prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 3b is a schematic view showing the shape of the water-soluble shopping bag prepared by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic view showing the shape of a water-soluble shopping bag prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 4b is a schematic view showing the shape of the water-soluble shopping bag produced by the present invention.
  • the water-soluble shopping bag of the present example can have various shapes, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b, Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b, Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b.
  • a water-soluble shopping bag consists of the following components in parts by weight:
  • Talc powder (5000 mesh) 0.5;
  • the above components are accurately metered and added to a high-speed mixer, mixed at a low speed of 200r/min for 3min; then a high-speed 1000r/min agitation is started, high-speed agitation is maintained for 20min, the temperature of the control material does not exceed 60°C; and then the temperature is lowered to a low speed of 200r/min. Discharge to room temperature, spare;
  • the raw material is blown into a film by an extrusion blown film machine, and the blown film temperature is controlled to be: 140 ° C / 160 ° C / 180 ° C / 185 ° C / 185 ° C / 180 ° C;
  • a vest bag (Fig. 1) having a width of 30 cm and a height of 45 cm and a thickness of 35 ⁇ m was prepared by a bag making machine.
  • the vest bag was the largest in a waterless environment.
  • the load-bearing capacity is 8KG; the complete dissolution time in cold water at normal temperature (23 ° C) is 3 min.
  • a water-soluble shopping bag consists of the following components in parts by weight:
  • the above components are accurately metered and added to a high-speed mixer, mixed at a low speed of 200r/min for 5min; then a high-speed 1000r/min agitation is started, high-speed agitation is maintained for 20min, the controlled material temperature does not exceed 60°C; and then converted to a low speed of 200r/min. Cooling at 28 ° C discharge, spare;
  • the raw material after the above extrusion granulation is blown into a film by an extrusion blown film machine, and the blown film temperature is controlled to be 140 ° C / 160 ° C / 180 ° C / 185 ° C / 185 ° C / 180 ° C.
  • a flat pocket having a width of 40 cm and a height of 60 cm and a thickness of 45 ⁇ m (Fig. 2a) was prepared by a bag making machine, and the flat pocket was in a waterless environment.
  • the maximum load-bearing capacity is 12KG; the complete dissolution time in cold water at room temperature (23 ° C) is 5 min.
  • a water-soluble shopping bag consists of the following components in parts by weight:
  • the above components are accurately metered and added to a high-speed mixer. Mixing at a low speed of 200r/min for 4min; then starting a high-speed 1000r/min agitation, maintaining high-speed agitation for 20min, controlling the material temperature not to exceed 60°C; and then shifting to a low-speed 200r/min cooling. Discharge to room temperature, spare;
  • the raw material after the above extrusion granulation is blown into a film by an extrusion blown film machine, and the blown film temperature is controlled to be 140 ° C / 160 ° C / 180 ° C / 185 ° C / 185 ° C / 180 ° C.
  • a bag having a width of 20 cm and a height of 30 cm (3.0 cm) and a flat pocket of 10 ⁇ m in thickness (Fig. 3a) are prepared by a bag making machine, and the flat pocket is maximum in a waterless environment.
  • the load-bearing capacity is 2KG; the complete dissolution time in cold water at normal temperature (23 ° C) is 1 min.
  • a water-soluble shopping bag consists of the following components in parts by weight:
  • the above components are accurately metered and added to the high-speed mixer, mixed at low speed 200r/min for 5min; then start high-speed 1000r/min stirring, maintain high-speed stirring for 20min, control the material temperature does not exceed 60 °C; then switch to low speed 200r/min cooling Discharge to room temperature, spare;
  • the raw material after the above extrusion granulation is blown into a film by an extrusion blown film machine, and the blown film temperature is controlled to be 140 ° C / 160 ° C / 180 ° C / 185 ° C / 185 ° C / 180 ° C.
  • a flat bag having a width of 45 cm, a height of 60 cm and a thickness of 80 ⁇ m is prepared by a bag making machine (Fig. 4a), and the flat bag has a maximum bearing capacity of 15 KG in a waterless environment; The complete dissolution time of the lower (23 ° C) in cold water was 10 min.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种水溶性购物袋及其制备方法。该水溶性购物袋由以下组分按如下重量份数组成：聚乙烯醇100；复合增塑剂8～20；多糖类衍生物10～30；加工助剂1～5；薄膜爽滑开口剂0.1～0.5；薄膜防粘连剂0.5～3.0。该制备方法包括如下步骤：将所述组分按所述重量份数混合，混合后经双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，再经热塑性挤出吹膜机吹塑成膜，而后由制袋机制备成各种类型和规格的水溶性购物袋。这种水溶性购物袋具有较高的承重力和冷水可溶性，适合在无水的环境下使用，使用后遇水即可"消失"而不产生污染。

Description

一种水溶性购物袋及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及环保购物袋，具体涉及一种具有冷水可溶性的环保购物袋及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前在商业商场中使用的购物袋，一类是以通用塑料为原料生产的塑料购物袋，如聚乙烯(PE)，聚丙烯(PP)，聚氯乙烯(PVC)等；塑料购物袋的使用给客户带来方便的同时也给自然环境带来了大量塑料垃圾，由于此类塑料袋在自然环境中难降解，所以在自然环境中产生大量的白色污染，破坏土壤，污染水源水质，给自然生态造成严重危害。一类是以可生物降解原料生产的一次性可生物降解购物袋，如PLA，PBS，PBAT等，此类购物袋在自然环境中可以生物降解，从而可以避免对自然环境造成污染和危害，但此类原料由于制造成本较高，售价一般都比普通塑料贵3倍以上，因此使用范围也因此受到价格制约难以广泛推广使用，而且在自然环境中的生物降解也需要一定的时间。本发明针对以上常用购物袋存在的一些缺陷和不足，开发一种不但具有生物可降解性，同时还具有水可溶性的环保购物袋。
聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为一种水溶性的高分子，被广泛应用于粘胶纤维，粘合剂，涂料等领域。同时，聚乙烯醇具有生物可降解性，而且在水中的生物耗氧和化学耗氧极低，不对水质造成污染和破坏；溶入到土壤中不但不对土壤造成污染和破坏，而且对土壤具有改良和保水作用，使其成为一种具有环境友好型材料而被重视。但由于其热塑性加工性能极差，所以很少被当成热塑性塑料加工和成型使用。
本发明通过对聚乙烯醇(PVA)有效增塑，内外加工润滑等技术，使聚乙烯醇有效的通过热塑性加工成型而制备出本发明的购物袋，不仅使其具有热塑性加工成型性，本发明制备的购物袋同时具有可生物降解性，还具有水可溶性，使用后在遇水的情况下便可产生视觉消失，实现“可看得见的降解”，实现对环境的有效保护。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有产品及产品在使用中存在的不足，提供一种具有水可溶性的生物降解购物袋的制备方法，具体技术方案如下。
一种水溶性购物袋，以重量份数计，包括如下组分：
聚乙烯醇(PVA)      100
复合增塑剂         8～20
多糖及其衍生物     10～30
加工助剂           1～5
薄膜爽滑开口剂     0.1～0.5
薄膜防粘连剂       0.5～3.0。
进一步优化的，所述聚乙烯醇(PVA)为部分醇解的聚乙烯醇，聚合度为300～2400，醇解度为88％，具体包括牌号为PVA-0388、PVA-0588、PVA-1788、PVA-2088、PVA-2288和PVA-2488中的一种以上粉末原料。
进一步优化的，所述复合增塑剂包括多元醇、多元醇醚和脂肪酸胺或脂肪醇胺，复合增塑剂按质量比为多元醇∶多元醇醚∶脂肪酸胺或脂肪醇胺＝6∶3∶1组成。
更进一步优化的，所述多元醇为水溶性的多元醇，包括甘油、乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、山梨醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和甘露醇中的一种。
更进一步优化的，所述多元醇醚为水溶性的多元醇醚，包括乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇丁醚和乙二醇甲醚中的一种。
更进一步优化的，所述脂肪酸胺或脂肪酸醇胺是指水溶性的脂肪酸胺或脂肪酸醇胺，包括乙二胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺中的一种。
进一步优化的，所述多糖及其衍生物是指由可再生资源天然脂肪醇和葡萄糖合成的烷基糖苷类物质(APG)，这是一种被国际公认和首选的“绿色环保原料”，不但具有较高的表面活性，更具有良好的生态安全和相容性，且温和、无毒、无刺激、易生物降解；所述多糖及其衍生物包括AGP0810、AGP1214、AGP0814、AGP0816和AGP1216中的一种。
进一步优化的，所述加工助剂是指在聚乙烯醇进行热塑性加工中帮助聚乙烯醇热塑性成型的加工助剂，主要包括内润滑和外润滑加工助剂；加工助剂按质量比为内润滑剂∶外润滑剂＝8∶2组成。
更进一步优化的，所述内润滑加工助剂是指聚氧化乙烯(PEO)，聚氧化乙烯(PEO)不但是一种水溶性高分子，同时还具有优异热塑性加工性能，且与聚乙烯醇(PVA)具有相容性；所述内润滑加工剂包括PEO-3、PEO-6、PEO-8、PEO-10和PEO-15中的一种。
更进一步优化的，所述外部润滑剂是指碳链为12-18的饱和脂肪酸或饱和脂肪醇；所述饱和脂肪酸包括十二烷酸、十四烷酸(肉豆蔻酸)、十六烷酸(棕榈酸)和十八烷酸(硬脂酸)中的一种；所述脂肪醇包括十二醇、十四醇(肉豆蔻醇)、十六醇(棕榈醇)和十八醇(硬脂醇)中的一种。
进一步优化的，所述薄膜爽滑开口剂是指烷基脂肪酸、烷基脂肪酸盐或烷基脂肪酰胺类。
更进一步优化的，所述烷基脂肪酸包括硬脂酸。
更进一步优化的，所述烷基脂肪酸盐包括硬脂酸一价盐或油酸钠，所述硬脂酸一价盐包括硬脂酸钠和硬脂酸钾。
更进一步优化的，所述烷基脂肪酰胺类包括硬脂酰胺、油酸酰胺和芥酸酰胺中的一种。
进一步优化的，所述薄膜防粘连剂是指5000-8000目的超细无机粉体，包括滑石粉、轻质碳酸钙、白炭黑和钛白粉中的一种。
以上任一项所述水溶性购物袋的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将所述组分按所述重量份数混合，混合后经双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，再经热塑性挤出吹膜机吹塑成膜，而后由制袋机制备成各种类型和规格的水溶性购物袋。
进一步优化的，所述混合是在高速搅拌机中，低速200r/min进行搅拌3～5min；再高速1000r/min搅拌20min，控制料温不超过60℃；最后转变到低速200r/min降温30℃以下出料，备用。
进一步优化的，所述挤出造粒的温度为：120℃/140℃/150℃/160℃/170℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃。
进一步优化的，所述吹塑成膜的温度为：140℃/160℃/180℃/185℃/185℃/180℃。
进一步优化的，所述吹塑成膜得到的水溶性薄膜的厚度为10～80μm。
进一步优化的，所述各种类型的水溶性购物袋，包括插边或不插边的背心袋和平口袋，制得的水溶性购物袋为透明、半透明或不透明的袋子，且可制备成各种颜色。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和技术效果：
(1)本发明的水溶性购物袋具有生物降解性，具有较高的承重力和冷水可溶性；
(2)本发明的水溶性购物袋在自然环境中具有较低的生物耗氧和化学耗氧，溶入土壤和水源后，不对土壤和水源产生污染和危害；
(3)本发明的水溶性购物袋使用后不产生白色污染；
(4)本发明购物袋的原料来源广泛，大部分使用的是可再生资源为基础原料的材料，比其他可完全生物降解原料生产的购物袋便宜，适合于在无水环境下使用，使用后在遇水的环境下很快“消失”。
附图说明
图1为本发明制得的水溶性购物的形状示意图；
图2a为本发明制得的水溶性购物袋的形状示意图；
图2b为本发明制得的水溶性购物袋的形状示意图；
图3a为本发明制得的水溶性购物袋的形状示意图；
图3b为本发明制得的水溶性购物袋的形状示意图；
图4a为本发明制得的水溶性购物袋的形状示意图；
图4b为本发明制得的水溶性购物袋的形状示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步的具体详细描述，但本发明的实施和保护范围不限于此。
本实例的水溶性购物袋可以有多种具有不同的形状，如图1、图2a、图2b、图3a、图3b、图4a、图4b所示。
实施例1
一种水溶性购物袋按重量份数计，由以下组分组成：
聚乙烯醇(PVA-1788)         60
聚乙烯醇(PVA-0588)         40
甘油                       4.8
乙二醇丁醚                 2.4
二乙醇胺                   0.8
烷基糖苷物(AGP0816)        30
PEO-10                     0.8
十六醇                     0.2
硬脂酸钠                   0.1
滑石粉(5000目)             0.5；
上述组分准确计量后加入到高速搅拌机中，在低速200r/min进行混合3min；然后启动高速1000r/min搅拌，保持高速搅拌20min，控制料温不超过60℃；而后转变到低速200r/min降温至室温出料，备用；
经高速搅拌混合后的上述原料进入双螺杆挤出造粒，挤出造粒的温度控制：
120℃/140℃/150℃/160℃/170℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃；
经上述挤出造粒后的原料，再经挤出吹膜机吹塑成膜，吹膜温度控制为：140℃/160℃/180℃/185℃/185℃/180℃；
经热塑性挤出吹塑成膜后再经制袋机制备成尺寸为宽30cm、高45cm的插边(7.5cm)、厚度35μm的背心袋(图1)，此背心袋在无水环境下最大承重力为8KG；常温下(23℃)在冷水中的完全溶解时间为3min。
实施例2
一种水溶性购物袋按重量份数计，由以下组分组成：
聚乙烯醇(PVA-2088)         100
乙二醇                      12
乙二醇甲醚                  6
三乙醇胺                    2
烷基糖苷物(AGP1214)         10
PEO-6                       4
十四烷酸                    1
油酸钠                      0.5
钛白粉(8000目)              3；
上述组分准确计量后加入到高速搅拌机中，在低速下200r/min进行混合5min；然后启动高速1000r/min搅拌，保持高速搅拌20min，控制料温不超过60℃；而后转变到低速200r/min降温28℃出料，备用；
经高速搅拌混合后的上述原料进入双螺杆挤出造粒，挤出造粒的温度控制为：
120℃/140℃/150℃/160℃/170℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃。
经上述挤出造粒后的原料，再经挤出吹膜机吹塑成膜，吹膜温度控制为：140℃/160℃/180℃/185℃/185℃/180℃。
经热塑性挤出吹塑成膜后，再经制袋机制备成尺寸为宽40cm、高60cm的插边(6.0cm)、厚度45μm的平口袋(图2a)，此平口袋在无水环境下最大承重力为12KG；常温下(23℃)在冷水中的完全溶解时间为5min。
实施例3
一种水溶性购物袋按重量份数计，由以下组分组成：
聚乙烯醇(PVA-2488)          50
聚乙烯醇(PVA-0388)          50
三羟甲基丙烷                6
乙二醇甲醚                  3
乙二胺                      1
烷基糖苷物(AGP0810)         20
PEO-6                       2.4
十八醇                      0.6
硬脂酰胺                    0.3
白炭黑(6000目)              1；
上述组分准确计量后加入到高速搅拌机中，在低速200r/min进行混合4min；然后启动高速1000r/min搅拌，保持高速搅拌20min，控制料温不超过60℃；而后转变到低速200r/min降温至室温出料，备用；
经高速搅拌混合后的上述原料进入双螺杆挤出造粒，挤出造粒的温度控制为：
120℃/140℃/150℃/160℃/170℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃。
经上述挤出造粒后的原料，再经挤出吹膜机吹塑成膜，吹膜温度控制为：140℃/160℃/180℃/185℃/185℃/180℃。
经热塑性挤出吹塑成膜后再经制袋机制备成尺寸为宽20cm、高30cm的插边(3.0cm)、厚度10μm的平口袋(图3a)，此平口袋在无水环境下最大承重力为2KG；常温下(23℃)在冷水中的完全溶解时间为1min。
实施例4
一种水溶性购物袋按重量份数计，由以下组分组成：
聚乙烯醇(PVA-1788)         80
聚乙烯醇(PVA-0388)         20
甘油                       9
乙二醇单乙醚               4.5
三乙醇胺                    1.5
烷基糖苷物(AGP1216)         15
PEO-8                       3.2
十六醇                      0.8
芥酸酰胺                    0.2
白炭黑(7000目)              2；
上述组分准确计量后加入到高速搅拌机中，在低速200r/min进行混合5min；然后启动高速1000r/min搅拌，保持高速搅拌20min，控制料温不超过60℃；而后转变到低速200r/min降温至室温出料，备用；
经高速搅拌混合后的上述原料进入双螺杆挤出造粒，挤出造粒的温度控制为：
120℃/140℃/150℃/160℃/170℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃。
经上述挤出造粒后的原料，再经挤出吹膜机吹塑成膜，吹膜温度控制为：140℃/160℃/180℃/185℃/185℃/180℃。
经热塑性挤出吹塑成膜后，再经制袋机制备成尺寸为宽45cm、高60cm、厚度80μm的平口袋(图4a)，此平口袋在无水环境下最大承重力为15KG；常温下(23℃)在冷水中的完全溶解时间为10min。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的技术人员应当理解，依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求的技术方案范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种水溶性购物袋，其特征在于，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：
    Figure PCTCN2017100434-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性购物袋，其特征在于：所述聚乙烯醇是指聚合度为300～2400、醇解度为88％的部分醇解的聚乙烯醇，具体包括牌号为PVA-0388、PVA-0588、PVA-1788、PVA-2088、PVA-2288和PVA-2488中的一种以上粉末原料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性购物袋，其特征在于：所述复合增塑剂包括多元醇、多元醇醚和脂肪酸胺或脂肪醇胺，复合增塑剂按质量比为多元醇：多元醇醚：脂肪酸胺或脂肪醇胺＝6:3:1组成。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种水溶性购物袋，其特征在于：所述多元醇为水溶性的多元醇，包括甘油、乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、山梨醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和甘露醇中的一种；所述多元醇醚为水溶性的多元醇醚，包括乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇丁醚和乙二醇甲醚中的一种；所述脂肪酸胺或脂肪酸醇胺是指水溶性的脂肪酸胺或脂肪酸醇胺，包括乙二胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺中的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性购物袋，其特征在于：所述多糖及其衍生物是指由可再生资源天然脂肪醇和葡萄糖合成的烷基糖苷类物质，包括AGP0810、AGP1214、AGP0814、AGP0816和AGP1216中的一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性购物袋，其特征在于，所述加工助剂主要包括内润滑和外润滑加工助剂；所述内润滑加工助剂是指聚氧化乙烯，包括PEO-3、PEO-6、PEO-8、PEO-10和PEO-15中的一种；所述外部润滑剂是指碳链为12-18的饱和脂肪酸或饱和脂肪醇，所述脂肪酸包括十二烷酸、十四烷酸、十六烷酸和十八烷酸中的一种，所述脂肪醇包括十二醇、十四醇、十六醇和十八醇中的一种；加工助剂按质量比例为内润滑剂：外润滑剂＝8：2组成。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性购物袋，其特征在于：所述薄膜爽滑开口剂为烷基脂肪酸、烷基脂肪酸盐或烷基脂肪酰胺类；所述烷基脂肪酸包括硬脂酸，所述烷基脂肪酸盐为油酸钠或包括硬脂酸钠和硬脂酸钾在内的硬脂酸一价盐，所述烷基脂肪酰胺类包括硬脂酰胺、油酸酰胺和芥酸酰胺中的一种；所述薄膜防粘连剂是指5000-8000目的超细无机粉体， 包括滑石粉、轻质碳酸钙、白炭黑和钛白粉中的一种。
  8. 制备权利要求1～7任一项所述的水溶性购物袋的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将所述组分按所述重量份数混合，混合后经双螺杆挤出机组挤出造粒，再经热塑性挤出吹膜机吹塑成膜，而后由制袋机制备成各种类型和规格的水溶性购物袋。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种水溶性购物袋的制备方法，其特征在于：所述混合是在高速搅拌机中，低速200r/min进行搅拌3～5min；再高速1000r/min搅拌20min，控制料温不超过60℃；最后转变到低速200r/min降温30℃下出料，备用。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种水溶性购物袋的制备方法，其特征在于，所述挤出造粒的温度为：120℃/140℃/150℃/160℃/170℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃/180℃；所述吹塑成膜的温度为：140℃/160℃/180℃/185℃/185℃/180℃，所述吹塑成膜得到的水溶性薄膜的厚度为10～80μm。
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