WO2018041173A1 - Guide d'ondes à faibles pertes sans fuite ayant un mode rapide au niveau de la surface magnétique d'un film mince magnéto-optique associé et étant flexible de manière unidirectionnelle selon n'importe quel angle - Google Patents

Guide d'ondes à faibles pertes sans fuite ayant un mode rapide au niveau de la surface magnétique d'un film mince magnéto-optique associé et étant flexible de manière unidirectionnelle selon n'importe quel angle Download PDF

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WO2018041173A1
WO2018041173A1 PCT/CN2017/099810 CN2017099810W WO2018041173A1 WO 2018041173 A1 WO2018041173 A1 WO 2018041173A1 CN 2017099810 W CN2017099810 W CN 2017099810W WO 2018041173 A1 WO2018041173 A1 WO 2018041173A1
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magneto
optical
waveguide
thin film
magnetic surface
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PCT/CN2017/099810
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Chinese (zh)
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郑耀贤
欧阳征标
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深圳大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magneto-optical material, a surface wave and a photodiode, in particular to a non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary bending waveguide.
  • a curved waveguide is an optical device used as a conversion optical path, which occupies an important position in an optical waveguide device. Bending in the optical waveguide is necessary due to the change in the direction of beam propagation in the optical waveguide, the displacement of the beam transmission axis, and the need to reduce the volume of the device. The bending of the waveguide causes a change in the optical characteristic distribution of the waveguide material in the direction of light transmission, so that the curved waveguide has a high loss.
  • the field of turning waveguides has been extensively studied, and the curved turning type curved waveguide is the main content of this research. But even for this type of waveguide, the bending loss and transition loss that are present still severely restrict the transmission efficiency. In addition, structural defects and the like can also cause other losses to the waveguide.
  • Photodiodes and isolators are optics that only allow light to travel in one direction and are used to prevent unwanted light feedback.
  • the main component of conventional photodiodes and isolators is the Faraday rotator, which applies the Faraday effect (magneto-optical effect) as its working principle.
  • Conventional Faraday isolators consist of a polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an analyzer. This device is complex in structure and is commonly used in free-space optical systems.
  • integrated optical devices such as fiber optics or waveguides are non-polarization-maintaining systems that cause loss of polarization angle and are therefore not suitable for use with pull-up isolators.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable single-single structure with simple and effective structure, low loss, high optical transmission efficiency, small volume and easy integration. Fly to any bend.
  • the leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional arbitrary bending waveguide comprises a light input end 1, a light output end 2, a magneto-optical film 3, a background medium 4, and two absorbing layers 5, 6 and a bias magnetic field;
  • the port 1 of the unidirectional turning waveguide is an optical input end, and the port 2 is a light output end;
  • the magneto-optical film 3 is disposed in a background medium; and the magneto-optical film 3 is magnetized
  • the magneto-optical film 3 and the background medium 4 are curved at an arbitrary angle; the magneto-optical film 3 is provided with a bias magnetic field, and the direction is controllable;
  • the curved portion of the magneto-optical film 3 is a ring shape;
  • the magneto-optical material and the surface of the background medium 4 are magnetic surface fast waves.
  • the interface between the magneto-optical material and the background medium 4 constitutes an optical waveguide.
  • the magneto-optical film 3 and the background medium 4 are connected to the light input end and the light output end by an arbitrary angle curved shape.
  • the magneto-optical film 3 and the background medium 4 structure waveguide are straight waveguides.
  • the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth element-doped garnets and rare earth-transition metal alloy films.
  • the background medium 4 is a common dielectric material or air.
  • the arbitrary angle curved shape is a 30 degree turn shape, a 45 degree turn shape, a 60 degree turn shape, a 90 degree turn shape, a 120 degree turn shape, a 135 degree turn shape, 150 degrees. Turn shape, 180 degree turn shape.
  • the absorbing layers 5, 6 are the same or different absorbing materials; the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy Resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethyleneimine.
  • the absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy Resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethyleneimine.
  • the absorbing layers 5, 6 are each at a distance of 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength from the surface of the flat waveguide; the thickness of the absorbing layers 5, 6 are each not less than 1/4 wavelength.
  • the bias magnetic field is generated by a current direction controllable electromagnet or a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet can rotate;
  • the direction controllable corner waveguide unidirectional corner waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical material thin film waveguide; the working mode of the one-way curved waveguide For the TE mode.
  • the invention is suitable for large-scale optical path integration and has wide application prospects. Compared with the prior art, it has the following positive effects.
  • the structure is simple and easy to implement.
  • Magnetic surface waves have immune characteristics to structural defects, have ultra-low loss and ultra-high transmission efficiency, and are widely used in the design of various optical waveguides.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional arbitrary bend waveguide.
  • optical input port 1 optical output port 2 magneto-optical film 3 background medium 4 first absorbing layer 5 second absorbing layer 6 bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) bias magnetic field (Li)
  • the thickness of the magneto-optical film w The distance between the absorbing layer and the waveguide w 1 The radius of the inner arc of the ring r The radius of the outer arc of the ring r+w
  • FIG. 2 is a first working principle diagram of a non-leakage magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary corner waveguide conduction.
  • Fig. 3 is a second working principle diagram of the non-leakage magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary corner waveguide conduction.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing a first embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the unidirectional arbitrary-bending waveguide of the magneto-optical film as a function of the frequency of the light wave.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing a second embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the magneto-optical film unidirectional arbitrary-bending waveguide as a function of the light-wave frequency.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the magneto-optical film unidirectional arbitrary-bending waveguide as a function of the light-wave frequency.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing a fourth embodiment of the forward-reverse transmission efficiency of the magneto-optical film unidirectional arbitrary bending waveguide as a function of the optical frequency.
  • the leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional arbitrary bending waveguide of the present invention comprises an optical input end 1, a light output end 2, a magneto-optical film 3, a background medium 4, and a first An absorber layer 5, a second absorber layer 6 and a bias magnetic field H 0 ,
  • the working mode of the unidirectional cornering waveguide is TE mode
  • the unidirectional cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical material film waveguide, a magneto-optical film" and a background medium 4
  • the interface is a region where the light energy is mainly concentrated, the magneto-optical film 3 is disposed in the background medium 4, and the magneto-optical film 3 is a magneto-optical material, that is, a magneto-optical material film
  • the magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth elements doped a material such as a garnet and a rare earth-transition metal alloy film;
  • the film of magneto-optical material 3 And the background medium 4 is curved at any angle, and the shape bent at any angle is a circular arc shape (arc-shaped turning type curved waveguide), and the arbitrary bending angle may be an angle between 0 degrees and 180 degrees, and the bending angle of the unidirectional turning waveguide Can also be used: 0 degrees to 180 degrees The angle between; for example: 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, 150 degrees and 180 degrees.
  • Figure 1 (a) one-way turning angle is 30 degrees
  • Figure 1 (b) single The turning angle is 45 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (c) is 60 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (d) is 90 degrees
  • the one-way turning angle of Figure 1 (e) is 120 degrees.
  • Fig. 1(f) has a one-way turning angle of 135 degrees
  • Fig. 1 (g) has a one-way turning angle of 150 degrees
  • Fig. 1 (h) has a one-way turning angle of 180 degrees.
  • the length of the curved portion depends on the turning angle.
  • the turning angle when the turning angle is 45 degrees, it is one-eighth of a ring; when the turning angle is 90 degrees, it is a quarter ring; when the turning angle is 180 degrees, it is a half ring, etc. Etc., etc. Since the device structure of the present invention satisfies the symmetry conservation, that is, its corresponding mirror structure can also work effectively, the structures of both of Figures 1(d) and (i) are mirror-symmetrical and have the same operational characteristics.
  • the surfaces of the magneto-optical material 3 and the background medium 4 are magnetic surface fast waves, and the magneto-optical material film 3 and the background medium 4 are structured as a flat waveguide structure, and the interface between the magneto-optical material 3 and the background medium 4 is formed.
  • the waveguide, the optical waveguide transmits optical signals unidirectionally, and functions as a photodiode or an isolator;
  • the magneto-optical material film 3 and the background medium 4 are connected to the optical input port 1 and the optical output port 2 by any angle bending;
  • the background medium 4 is made of a common dielectric material.
  • the first absorbing layer 5, the second absorbing layer 6 absorbing layer is the same or different absorbing materials, and the absorbing material is polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite Thermoplastic material mixture, boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, fluoroelastomer, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyarylsulfone or poly Ethyleneimine; the distance between the first absorbing layer 5 and the second absorbing layer 6 respectively from the surface of the flat waveguide is 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength; the thickness of the first absorbing layer 5 and the second absorbing layer They are each not less than 1/4 wavelength.
  • a bias magnetic field is provided at the magneto-optical material film 3, that is, a bias magnetic field ⁇ H 0 (outer) and a bias magnetic field (in), and the direction is controllable, the applied magnetic field H 0 is generated by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction or by a rotatable permanent magnet, so that the direction of the current can be controlled to change the conduction direction of the waveguide, or by rotating a permanent magnet. change.
  • the port 1 of the direction-controlled unidirectional turning waveguide is an optical input port, and the port 2 is an optical output port;
  • the direction is controllable Port 2 to the cornering waveguide is an optical input port, and port 1 is an optical output port.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface is a phenomenon similar to the metal surface plasmon (SPP).
  • SPP metal surface plasmon
  • the magneto-optical material Under the action of the biased static magnetic field, the magneto-optical material has a magnetic permeability of tensor, and at the same time, its effective refractive index is negative in a certain optical band.
  • the surface of the magneto-optical material is capable of producing a guided wave and has a property of unidirectional propagation, which is called a surface acoustic wave (Surface Magnetically Polarized Wave, SMP).
  • the invention relates to a leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode controllable unidirectional arbitrary bending waveguide.
  • the device is based on the non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material, and the surface wave characteristic can be generated by combining the magneto-optical material-medium interface.
  • a single-conducting cornering waveguide with excellent performance has been developed and its conduction direction is controllable.
  • the magneto-optical material film is disposed in the background medium and combined with the two absorbing layers to make the magnetic surface fast wave generated by the uniform magneto-optical material-medium interface
  • the unidirectional bending transmission of light is performed, and the conduction direction of the waveguide is controlled by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction, and the turning angle is an arbitrary value, and the absorbing layer absorbs unnecessary waves and eliminates optical path interference.
  • the technical scheme of the invention is based on the optical non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material and the unique conductive surface wave characteristic of the magneto-optical material-medium interface to realize the design of the direction controllable curved waveguide.
  • the basic principles of this technical solution are as follows:
  • the magneto-optical material is a material having magnetic anisotropy, and the magnetic dipole inside the magneto-optical material is arranged in the same direction by the application of a static magnetic field, thereby generating a magnetic dipole moment.
  • the magnetic dipole moment will interact strongly with the optical signal, which in turn produces a non-reciprocal transmission of light.
  • the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material is under the action of a bias magnetic field H 0 oriented in the direction perpendicular to the vertical paper:
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
  • ⁇ is the gyromagnetic ratio
  • H 0 is the applied magnetic field
  • M s is the saturation magnetization
  • ⁇ is the operating frequency
  • ⁇ is the loss coefficient. If the direction of the biasing magnetic field is changed to the vertical paper facing direction, H 0 and M s will change the sign.
  • the magnetic surface wave generated by the magneto-optical material-medium interface can be solved according to the magnetic permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material and Maxwell's equations.
  • the electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the surface wave (which is a TE wave) at the interface should have the following form:
  • YIG yttrium iron garnet
  • the direction is vertical paper facing
  • the operating frequency f of the device is determined by the dielectric constants ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and permeability [ ⁇ 1 ], ⁇ 2 of the magneto-optical material and the medium.
  • the YIG material is depleted.
  • the coefficient ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 -4 and the turning angle is 90°.
  • the direction of the biasing magnetic field is the direction perpendicular to the paper, and the conduction direction of the curved waveguide is opposite.
  • the low-loss magneto-optical film of the device of the invention has a magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary bending waveguide which is arranged in a common dielectric material by a magneto-optical material, and its structural size and parameters, such as the inner arc radius r of the ring and the magneto-optical film
  • the thickness w can be flexibly selected according to the working wavelength and actual needs. Changing the size has no major impact on device performance.
  • yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, and the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet with a controllable current direction, and the size is 900 Oe, and the direction will be determined.
  • the operating frequency f of the device is determined by the dielectric constants ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and magnetic permeability [ ⁇ 1 ], ⁇ 2 of the magneto-optical material and the medium, YIG
  • the material loss coefficient ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 -4 .
  • the direction-controlled cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical film waveguide with a turning angle of 45°.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is 5.11 GHz to 7.38 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 28.446 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0664 dB.
  • the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is formed by a magneto-optical film waveguide having a turning angle of 90°.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is from 5.00 GHz to 7.40 GHz. Consider material damage in the operating frequency range The consuming and direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 31.993 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0163 dB.
  • the direction-controllable cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical film waveguide with a turning angle of 135°.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is 5.06 GHz to 7.40 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 27.447 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0490 dB.
  • the direction-controllable cornering waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical film waveguide with a turning angle of 180°.
  • the electromagnet current is controlled by the magneto-optical material to apply the magnetic field direction perpendicular to the paper facing outward, and the curved waveguide will be turned on from port 1 to port 2; on the contrary, the direction of the control magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper facing, and the curved waveguide will be from port 2 Turn on to port 1.
  • the forward and reverse transmissions have the same efficiency.
  • the operating frequency range of the directionally controllable cornering waveguide is from 5.00 GHz to 7.39 GHz. In the operating frequency range, considering the material loss, the direction-controlled cornering waveguide has a maximum forward-reverse transmission isolation of 35.752 dB and a forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0383 dB.
  • the transmission efficiency curve of the magneto-optical film magnetic surface fast mode unidirectional turning waveguide with different turning angles shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 can be transmitted by the magneto-optical film turning waveguide
  • the optical frequency range of the magnetic surface fast wave that is, the operating frequency range of the unidirectional turning waveguide. It can be seen from the results that the low-loss magneto-optical thin film magnetic surface fast-wave mode controlled unidirectional arbitrary curved waveguide of the present invention can work effectively.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un guide d'ondes à faibles pertes sans fuite ayant un mode rapide au niveau d'une surface magnétique d'un film mince magnéto-optique associé et étant flexible de manière unidirectionnelle selon n'importe quel angle, comprenant : une extrémité d'entrée de lumière (1) ; une extrémité de sortie de lumière (2) ; un film mince magnéto-optique (3) ; un milieu d'arrière-plan (4) ; deux couches d'absorption d'ondes (5, 6) ; et un champ magnétique de polarisation (H0). Le film mince magnéto-optique (3) est disposé dans le milieu d'arrière-plan (4). Le film mince magnéto-optique (3) est constitué d'un matériau magnéto-optique. Le film mince magnéto-optique (3) et le milieu d'arrière-plan (4) peuvent être courbés selon n'importe quel angle. Le champ magnétique de polarisation (H0) est disposé au niveau du film mince magnéto-optique (3), et son orientation peut être réglée. Le film mince magnéto-optique (3) présente une partie courbée en forme d'anneau. Une onde rapide de surface magnétique existe au niveau d'une surface entre le matériau magnéto-optique et le milieu d'arrière-plan (4). Le guide d'ondes à faible perte sans fuite ayant un mode rapide au niveau d'une surface magnétique d'un film mince magnéto-optique associé et étant flexible de manière unidirectionnelle selon n'importe quel angle présente une structure simple, une petite taille, de faibles pertes et une efficacité de transmission élevée, facilite l'intégration, convient à des circuits intégrés optiques à grande échelle, et peut largement s'appliquer à diverses conceptions de guide d'ondes optique.
PCT/CN2017/099810 2016-08-31 2017-08-31 Guide d'ondes à faibles pertes sans fuite ayant un mode rapide au niveau de la surface magnétique d'un film mince magnéto-optique associé et étant flexible de manière unidirectionnelle selon n'importe quel angle WO2018041173A1 (fr)

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CN106405729A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-15 欧阳征标 无泄漏低损型磁光薄膜磁表面快模任意角单向拐弯波导

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