WO2018040759A1 - 电池箱锁紧装置以及包括该电池箱锁紧装置的电池箱 - Google Patents

电池箱锁紧装置以及包括该电池箱锁紧装置的电池箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018040759A1
WO2018040759A1 PCT/CN2017/092882 CN2017092882W WO2018040759A1 WO 2018040759 A1 WO2018040759 A1 WO 2018040759A1 CN 2017092882 W CN2017092882 W CN 2017092882W WO 2018040759 A1 WO2018040759 A1 WO 2018040759A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flange
locking device
fastener
battery case
battery box
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/092882
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郝战铎
Original Assignee
上海蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 上海蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP17845062.3A priority Critical patent/EP3508367A1/en
Priority to JP2019511874A priority patent/JP6821794B2/ja
Publication of WO2018040759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018040759A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to battery installation and replacement of an electric vehicle, and in particular to a battery box locking device and a battery box including the battery box locking device.
  • Battery replacement for electric vehicles is a useful complement to battery charging. Replacing the battery enables rapid replenishment of the vehicle's energy, making the electric vehicle replenish energy as easily as a fuel truck refueling, but only with the "tank".
  • the battery replacement mode makes it easier to achieve “peak clipping” of the grid, which can also help improve equipment utilization efficiency and reduce the ultimate load on the grid. In addition, this also facilitates battery maintenance and extends battery life, and has high application value in specific fields such as public transportation, rental, and logistics.
  • Electric vehicles that use battery replacement mode to replenish energy many of which install the power battery in the vehicle chassis, so that the battery is separated from the occupants, which not only improves the utilization space of the vehicle, but also fully ensures the safety of the driver and passenger. At the same time, it also reduces the center of gravity of the vehicle and improves the handling performance of the vehicle. Therefore, the chassis type battery installation and replacement technology is called the direction of the development of battery-replaceable electric vehicle technology.
  • the power battery is the only source of power for pure electric vehicles. Because of its heavy weight, manual replacement is labor-intensive and risky when replacing batteries. Most of them are replaced by automated equipment. After the battery box is installed, the battery box needs to be locked and fixed. The firmer the battery box is installed, the higher the safety. However, when the battery is replaced, the battery box is unlocked, so the installation and removal of the battery box is as simple and quick as possible. Therefore, the locking device directly determines the safety and reliability of the battery case when it is in use and the convenience in replacement.
  • the existing quick-change battery box is flexibly fixed between the locking device and the vehicle, and the battery box has a certain amplitude vibration relative to the vehicle body during the running of the vehicle, and the battery box is partially deformed and the vehicle battery suspension point is deformed after long-term use.
  • the local wear of the locking device, the arc ablation of the electrical connector, etc. seriously endanger the driving safety of the vehicle.
  • the existing locking device for the in-vehicle quick-change electric battery box cannot solve the above problem. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a battery box that is safe, reliable, and easy to replace, and that can prevent the battery box from being loosened during long-term vibration of the vehicle body. Locking device.
  • the present invention is directed to solving the problem of the prior art that the battery case cannot be safely and reliably installed, replaced quickly and conveniently, and the battery case cannot be well protected during use of the vehicle body for long-term vibration.
  • the present invention provides a battery case locking device, characterized in that the battery case locking device includes a mounting case fixed to the battery case, and fastening through the mounting case a flange partially received in the mounting housing, a pressing member housed in the mounting housing, and a loosening member disposed between the mounting housing and the flange, the method a flange disposed through the wall of the mounting housing and rotatable relative to the mounting housing, the fastener being disposed through the flange and not rotatable relative to the flange but capable of The flange is axially slidable, and the fastener is capable of connecting the mounting housing to the vehicle body of the electric vehicle together with the battery case, in a state where the fastener is not operated, the pressure The tension member is capable of pressing the
  • the mounting housing includes an upper case and a lower case, the upper case and the lower case being coupled to each other and thus forming an intermediate cavity therebetween
  • the flange portion is received in the intermediate cavity, the pressing member is completely received in the intermediate cavity, and one end of the pressing member is in a state where the fastener is not operated
  • the flange is pressed into contact with an inner wall of the lower casing, and the other end of the pressing member is pressed against an inner wall of the upper casing.
  • the anti-loose member includes a spiked protrusion disposed on the flange and a linen limit plate disposed on an inner wall of the lower case, or
  • the anti-loose member includes a linen limit disk disposed on the flange and a spiked protrusion disposed on an inner wall of the lower case.
  • the fastener is a bolt and includes a first end, a second end, and a shoulder connected between the first end and the second end, a first end of the fastener extends through a first through hole in the upper housing, and a second end of the fastener extends through a second through hole in the lower housing, the One end is provided with a thread for threading into a nut on the vehicle body, the shoulder being located in the intermediate cavity and arranged to rest against the flange in a state in which the fastener is not operated .
  • the flange includes an integrally disposed lateral annular portion and a vertical annular portion, and a center of the lateral annular portion is provided with a third through hole having a non-circular cross section
  • the third through hole communicates with a center hole of the vertical annular portion, and the vertical annular portion passes through the second through hole on the lower case.
  • the second end of the fastener has a non-circular cross section that matches the third through hole and is inserted through the third through hole and the The central bore of the vertical annular portion is such that the fastener and the flange are not rotatable relative to each other.
  • the sides of the upper case and the lower case are respectively provided with the same number and corresponding positions of the connecting holes so as to be able to pass the connection by bolts or rivets.
  • a hole connects the upper case and the lower case together.
  • the end surface of the second end of the fastener is provided with a non-circular disassembly groove.
  • the pressing member is a spring.
  • a battery case comprising the battery case locking device of any one of the above aspects.
  • fasteners are operated include not only the tightening or unscrewing of the fasteners, but also the action of the flange being lifted by the disassembly tool.
  • the battery box locking device of the present invention can safely and reliably install the battery box and quickly and conveniently replace the battery box due to the combination structure of the above-mentioned spike protrusion and the linen limit disc.
  • the battery box connector in the week It is fixed upwards, so that it can effectively prevent the battery box from loosening during the long-term vibration of the vehicle body.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a battery case locking device according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a first use state of the battery case locking device according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a second use state of the battery case locking device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a third use state of the battery case locking device according to the present invention.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed connections, for example, or It is a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the battery case locking device 3 includes a mounting housing 31, a bolt 32, a flange 33, and a spring 34.
  • the flange 33 is arranged to be rotatable about the axis of the bolt 32 but is slidable relative to the bolt 32 along the axis of the bolt 32.
  • one end of the bolt 32 (the lower end of the bolt 32 in FIG. 1) may be disposed to have a non-circular cross section (for example, a hexagonal cross section), and the same position is provided at the center of the lateral annular portion of the flange 33.
  • a hole having a shape and a slightly larger size can achieve the above object when the non-circular cross-sectional end of the bolt 32 is inserted into the non-circular cross-sectional face of the lateral annular portion of the flange 33.
  • the spring 34 can press the flange 33 into press-contact with the inner wall of the mounting housing 31.
  • the face of the flange 33 and the mounting housing 31 in contact with each other may have a large coefficient of friction so that the mutual frictional force is large when the two are in compression contact with each other, so that they cannot slide relative to each other.
  • the contact surface of the flange 33 and the mounting housing 31 is provided with a "spiky burlap disc assembly".
  • the "spiky burlap disc assembly” includes a spiked protrusion 315 and a linen limit disc 314 which is extruded from hemp fibers and then fixed by a metal hoop, and the spiked metal object is easy to be Press in and puncture will automatically close after puncture.
  • the contact surface of the flange 33 may be provided with a spike protrusion 315, and the contact surface of the mounting housing 31 may be provided with a linen limit disc 314; or the contact surface of the flange 33 may be provided with a linen limit disc 314.
  • the contact surface of the lower case portion is provided with a spike protrusion 315.
  • the mounting housing 31 is fixed to the battery case 2, and the bolt 32 can screw the mounting housing 31 together with the battery case 2 into the nut 11 on the body 1 of the electric vehicle.
  • the bolt 32 is provided with an external thread (as shown in the drawings) and the mounting base is provided with an internal thread (not shown in the drawings) that matches the external thread
  • the battery box locking device 3 can also be provided with an internal thread on the bolt 32 (not shown in the drawings) and having an external thread (not shown in the drawings) matching the internal thread on the mounting base.
  • the support frame 12 shown in FIG. 2 may be an electric vehicle body or a component mounted on the electric vehicle body for mounting the battery case.
  • the mounting housing 31 includes an upper housing 311 and a lower housing 312, and the upper housing 311 and the lower housing 312 are riveted together by rivets 313 on the sides, and An intermediate cavity is thus formed between the two, the transverse annular portion of the flange 33 being received within the intermediate cavity, the spring 34 being completely received within the intermediate cavity.
  • One end of the spring 34 presses the flange 33 into press contact with the inner wall of the lower casing 312, and the other end of the spring 34 is pressed against the inner wall of the upper casing 311.
  • “clamp contact” means that two members are in contact with each other and pressure is applied to each other.
  • the bolt 32 includes a first end, a second end, and a shoulder coupled between the first end and the second end.
  • a bolt 32 extends through the intermediate cavity, a first end of the bolt 32 extending through a through hole in the upper housing 311 and exposing a portion, a vertical annular portion of the flange 33 and a second end of the bolt 32 received therein extending
  • a through hole is formed through the lower casing 312 and a portion is exposed downward.
  • the first end (upper end) of the bolt 32 is provided with a thread for screwing to a nut 11 on the vehicle body 1, and the second end (lower end) of the bolt 32 is provided to have a non-circular cross section and inserted into the vertical of the flange It is made into a matching non-circular through hole in the annular portion such that the bolt 32 and the flange 33 cannot rotate relative to each other, but can slide axially in the axial direction of the bolt 32.
  • the end face of the second end of the bolt 32 is provided with a non-circular disassembly groove, such as an inner hexagonal dismounting groove.
  • the disassembly tool 4 has a convex portion matching the non-circular disassembly groove, the convex portion is inserted into the dismounting groove and rotates the bolt 32 so that the bolt 32 rotates as it rotates Mounted to or removed from the nut 11.
  • the shoulder of the bolt 32 is located in the intermediate cavity and rests on the lateral annular portion of the flange 33.
  • at least a portion of the "bearing shoulder" is sized larger than the first end and the second end of the bolt 32 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the bolt 32, and is also larger than the upper end of the bolt 32.
  • the through hole of the housing 311 and the through hole through which the second end of the bolt 32 on the lateral annular portion of the flange 33 passes can thereby limit the degree of axial movement of the bolt 32. That is, the "shoulder shoulder" does not move out of the intermediate cavity in the up and down direction.
  • the upper housing 311 of the mounting housing 31 is coupled to the battery case 2, and the lower housing 312 is in compression contact with the lateral annular portion of the flange 33.
  • the upper housing 311 includes an upper wall and a side wall
  • the lower housing 312 includes a lower wall and a side wall.
  • the upper casing 311 is provided with an upper casing through hole and the lower casing 312 is provided with a lower casing through hole on the lower wall thereof.
  • a first end of the bolt 32 extends through the upper casing through hole, and a vertical annular portion of the flange 33 and a second end of the bolt 32 received therein extend through the lower casing through hole, and the flange 33 A vertical annular portion is rotatable in the lower casing through hole.
  • the upper casing 311 and the lower casing 312 are respectively provided with a number of connection holes of the same number and corresponding positions on their side walls.
  • the upper housing 311 and the lower housing 312 may be coupled together by bolts or rivets 313 through the connecting holes.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first use state of the battery case locking device 3 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the vehicle body 1 is provided with a support frame 12 and a nut 11 mounted on the support frame 12.
  • the locking device 3 has just started to approach the vehicle body 1, and the detaching tool 4 has not yet been inserted into the lower end of the bolt 32.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a cross-sectional view of a second use state of the battery case locking device 3 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the detaching tool 4 is inserted into the non-circular detaching groove of the second end of the bolt 32 and rotates and pushes the bolt 32 and the flange 33 upward, so that the spring 34 is pressed upward.
  • the shape of the disassembly tool 4 needs to be set such that it can simultaneously lift the flange 33 when it is operated on the bolt 32.
  • the flange 33 is separated from the contact surface of the lower casing 312 of the mounting housing 31 and forms a gap, and the spike protrusion 315 is pulled out from the linen stopper 314.
  • the flange 33 and thus the bolt 32 can be rotated relative to the mounting housing 31 in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, and the bolt 32 and the nut 11 can be screwed so that the battery case 2 can be locked and mounted to the vehicle.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a third use state of the battery case locking device according to the present invention.
  • the battery case 2 is locked, the disassembly tool 4 is removed, and the flange 33 is moved downward by the pressure of the spring 34, between the mounting housing 31 and the flange 33.
  • the gap disappears, and the spike protrusion 315 on the lower surface of the lateral annular portion of the flange 33 re-inserted into the tab stop plate 314 on the inner wall of the lower casing 312, so that the bolt 32 and the flange 33 cannot be mounted relative to each other.
  • the housing 31 is rotated.
  • the invention also provides a battery box that is locked using at least one locking device 3 according to the invention.
  • the battery case includes a through hole for the bolt 32 to pass through.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池箱锁紧装置（3）及包括电池箱锁紧装置（3）的电池箱（2），其中的电池箱锁紧装置（3）包括安装壳体（31）、螺栓（32）、法兰（33）、弹簧（34）和防松动构件（314,315），法兰（33）不能围绕螺栓（32）的轴线方向旋转但是能沿轴向滑动，弹簧（34）能够压迫法兰（33），使法兰（33）上的尖刺突起（315）与安装壳体（31）上的麻质限位盘（314）接合，从而使法兰（33）与螺栓（32）不能相对于安装壳体（31）旋转，螺栓（32）能够将安装壳体（31）连接到电动车的车体（1）上。锁紧装置能够对电池箱进行安全可靠的安装和快速便利的更换并且实现了对电池箱的刚性固定，从而能够在行驶过程中防止电池箱松动。

Description

电池箱锁紧装置以及包括该电池箱锁紧装置的电池箱 技术领域
本发明涉及电动车辆的电池安装和更换，具体提供一种电池箱锁紧装置及包括该电池箱锁紧装置的电池箱。
背景技术
我国是一个石油资源相对紧缺的国家，每年需要进口大量原油和成品油。随着汽车保有量的急剧增加，国内燃油供应压力极大。大规模推广电动车辆，既关系到国家石油安全和能源安全，又可以减少汽车对进口石油的依赖。因此，发展电动车辆是保障汽车工业可持续发展的重要战略选择。
电动车辆的电池更换是对电池充电的有益补充。更换电池能实现车辆能量的快速补给，使得电动车辆补充能量如同燃油车加油那样便捷，只不过每次是连同“油箱”一起更换。采用电池更换模式更容易实现电网的“削峰填谷”，也能够有助于提高设备利用效率和降低电网极限负荷。此外，这样还便于电池维护和延长电池寿命，在公交、出租、物流等特定领域具有很高的推广应用价值。
采用电池更换模式来补充能量的电动车辆，很多都将动力电池安装在车辆底盘的方式，使电池与驾乘人员隔开，既提高了车辆的利用空间，又能充分保障驾乘人员的安全，同时也降低了车辆的重心，提升了车辆的操控性能。因此底盘式电池安装及更换技术称为更换电池式电动车辆技术发展的方向。
动力电池是纯电动车辆动力的唯一来源，由于其重量比较重，更换电池时手动更换劳动强度大且有一定的风险，因此大都采用自动化设备来进行更换。在将电池箱安装完毕之后需要对电池箱进行锁紧固定，电池箱安装得越牢固安全性就越高。但在更换电池时又要对电池箱进行解锁，因此电池箱的安装和拆卸越简易快捷越好。因此，锁紧装置直接决定了电池箱在车载时的安全性和可靠性以及在更换时的便捷性。
现有的快速更换电池箱通过锁紧装置与车辆之间实现柔性固定，在车辆行驶过程中电池箱相对于车身会有一定幅度的振动，长期使用会出现电池箱局部变形、车身电池悬挂点变形、锁紧装置局部磨损、电连接器拉弧烧蚀等不良现象，严重危及车辆行驶安全。现有的车载快速更换电电池箱的锁紧装置不能解决上述问题，因此，本领域需要一种既安全可靠又便于更换，还能够在车身长期振动的使用过程中对电池箱防止松动的电池箱锁紧装置。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决现有技术中电池箱不能安全可靠地安装和快速便利地更换以及不能在车身长期振动的使用过程中对电池箱进行很好地保护的问题。为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述电池箱锁紧装置包括固定到所述电池箱的安装壳体、穿过所述安装壳体的紧固件、部分容纳在所述安装壳体中的法兰、容纳在所述安装壳体中的压紧件以及设置在所述安装壳体与所述法兰之间的防松动构件，所述法兰设置成穿过所述安装壳体的壁并且能相对于所述安装壳体旋转，所述紧固件设置成穿过所述法兰，不能相对于所述法兰旋转但是能够沿着所述法兰轴向滑动，所述紧固件能够将所述安装壳体与所述电池箱一起连接到电动汽车的车体上，在所述紧固件未被操作的状态下，所述压紧件能够压迫所述法兰，使其抵靠到所述安装壳体的内壁上，此时所述防松动构件阻止所述法兰与所述安装壳体相对于彼此旋转。
在上述电池箱锁紧装置的优选实施方式中，所述安装壳体包括上壳体和下壳体，所述上壳体和下壳体彼此连接到一起并因此在它们之间形成中间空腔，所述法兰部分容纳在所述中间空腔内，所述压紧件完全容纳在所述中间空腔内，在所述紧固件未被操作的状态下，所述压紧件的一端压紧所述法兰，使其与所述下壳体的内壁接触，所述压紧件的另一端压紧抵靠所述上壳体的内壁。
在上述电池箱锁紧装置的优选实施方式中，所述防松动构件包括设置在所述法兰上的尖刺状突起和设置在所述下壳体的内壁上的麻质限位盘，或者所述防松动构件包括设置在所述法兰上的麻质限位盘和设置在所述下壳体的内壁上的尖刺状突起。
在上述电池箱锁紧装置的优选实施方式中，所述紧固件是螺栓并且包括第一端、第二端以及连接在所述第一端与所述第二端之间的轴肩，所述紧固件的第一端延伸穿过所述上壳体上的第一通孔，所述紧固件的第二端延伸穿过所述下壳体上的第二通孔，所述第一端设置有螺纹以便螺纹连接到车体上的螺母中，所述轴肩位于所述中间空腔内并且设置成在所述紧固件未被操作的状态下搭靠在所述法兰上。
在上述电池箱锁紧装置的优选实施方式中，所述法兰包括一体设置的横向环形部分和竖向环形部分，所述横向环形部分的中央设置有具有非圆形横截面的第三通孔，所述第三通孔与所述竖向环形部分的中心孔连通，所述竖向环形部分穿过所述下壳体上的第二通孔。
在上述电池箱锁紧装置的优选实施方式中，所述紧固件的第二端具有与所述第三通孔匹配的非圆形横截面并且插入穿过所述第三通孔和所述竖向环形部分的中心孔，使得所述紧固件与所述法兰不能相对于彼此旋转。
在上述电池箱锁紧装置的优选实施方式中，所述上壳体和所述下壳体的侧面分别设置有数量相同并且位置相对应的连接孔，以便能够用螺栓或铆钉穿过所述连接孔来将所述上壳体与所述下壳体连接到一起。
在上述电池箱锁紧装置的优选实施方式中，所述紧固件的第二端的端面上设置有非圆形拆装槽。
在上述电池箱锁紧装置的优选实施方式中，所述压紧件是弹簧。
根据发明的另一个方面，提供一种电池箱，所述电池箱包括上述技术方案中任一项所述的电池箱锁紧装置。
需要指出的是，上述“紧固件未被操作的状态”是指紧固件没有被拆装工具拧紧或拧松的状态。相反，由于本发明的特殊结构，“紧固件被操作”不仅包括紧固件被拧紧或拧松，而且还包括法兰被拆装工具顶升的动作。
本领域技术人员容易理解的是，由于具有上述尖刺突起与麻质限位盘的组合结构，本发明的电池箱锁紧装置能够对电池箱进行安全可靠的安装和快速便利的更换，并且实现了对电池箱连接件在周 向上的固定，从而能够在车身长期振动的使用过程中有效地防止电池箱松动。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的电池箱锁紧装置的结构剖视图；
图2为根据本发明的电池箱锁紧装置的第一使用状态剖视图；
图3为根据本发明的电池箱锁紧装置的第二使用状态剖视图；以及
图4为根据本发明的电池箱锁紧装置的第三使用状态剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，虽然附图中按照特定比例绘制了各个构件，但是这仅仅是示例性的，本领域技术人员可以根据需要对特定构件的尺寸和比例作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
图1为根据本发明的电池箱锁紧装置3的具体实施例的结构示意图。电池箱锁紧装置3包括安装壳体31、螺栓32、法兰33和弹簧34。法兰33设置成不能围绕螺栓32的轴线旋转但是可以沿螺栓32的轴线相对于所述螺栓32滑动。具体地，可以将螺栓32的一端(图1中螺栓32的下端)设置成具有非圆形横截面(例如六边形横截面)，并且在法兰33的横向环形部分的中央位置设置具有相同形状并且尺寸稍大一些的孔，当螺栓32的非圆形横截面端插入到法兰33的横向环形部分的非圆形横截面孔中时，便可以实现上述目的。弹簧34能够压迫法兰33使其与安装壳体31的内壁压紧接触。法兰33与安装壳体31彼此接触的面可以具有较大的摩擦系数以便在两者相互压紧接触时相互的摩擦力较大，从而不能相对于彼此滑动。然而，在优选实施方式中，法兰33和安装壳体31的接触面设置有“尖刺麻质盘组件”。具体地，所述“尖刺麻质盘组件”包括尖刺突起315和麻质限位盘314，麻质限位盘314由麻纤维挤压成型，然后用金属箍固定，尖刺状金属物易于压入，拔出后刺孔会自动闭合。更具体地，法兰33的接触面可设置有尖刺突起315，安装壳体31的接触面可设置有麻质限位盘314；或者法兰33的接触面设置有麻质限位盘314，下壳部分的接触面设置有尖刺突起315。这样一来，当法兰33与安装壳体31压紧接触时，尖刺突起315扎入麻质限位盘314中，使法兰33不能相对于安装壳体31转动，从而螺栓32也无法相对于安装壳体31转动，因此避免了锁紧的电池箱2出现松动。
接下来参阅图2，安装壳体31固定到电池箱2上，螺栓32能够将安装壳体31连同电池箱2一起螺纹连接到电动汽车的车体1上的螺母11中。虽然在一个具体实施方式中螺栓32上设置有外螺纹(如附图所示)并且安装基部设置有与所述外螺纹相匹配的内螺纹(附图中未示出)，但是根据本发明的电池箱锁紧装置3还可以设置成螺栓32上具有内螺纹(附图中未示出)并且安装基部上具有与所述内螺纹相匹配的外螺纹(附图中未示出)。应当指出的是，图2中所示的支撑架12可以是电动车辆本体也可以是安装在电动车辆本体上的用于安装电池箱的零部件。
在优选实施方式中，安装壳体31包括上壳体311和下壳体312，上壳体311与下壳体312在侧面通过铆钉313铆接到一起，并 因此在二者之间形成中间空腔，法兰33的横向环形部分容纳在该中间空腔内，弹簧34完全容纳在所述中间空腔内。弹簧34的一端压紧法兰33使其与下壳体312的内壁压紧接触，弹簧34的另一端压紧接触上壳体311的内壁。在本发明中，“压紧接触”是指两个部件相互接触并且给彼此施加有压力。
在优选实施方式中，螺栓32包括第一端、第二端以及连接在第一端与第二端之间的轴肩。螺栓32贯穿所述中间空腔，螺栓32的第一端延伸穿过上壳体311上的通孔并且露出一部分，法兰33的竖向环形部分以及容纳在其中的螺栓32的第二端延伸穿过下壳体312上的通孔并且向下露出一部分。螺栓32的第一端(上端)设置有螺纹以便螺纹连接到车体1上的螺母11，螺栓32的第二端(下端)设置成具有非圆形横截面并且插入到所述法兰的竖向环形部分中的匹配的非圆形通孔之中，从而使得螺栓32与法兰33不能相对于彼此旋转，但是可以沿螺栓32的轴线方向轴向滑动。在优选实施方式中，螺栓32的第二端的端面上设置有非圆形拆装槽-例如内六角形拆装槽。拆装工具4具有与所述非圆形拆装槽相匹配的凸出部分，所述凸出部分插入所述拆装槽并且使所述螺栓32旋转，以便使螺栓32随着旋转而将其安装到螺母11或者从螺母11中拆卸下来。所述螺栓32的轴肩位于所述中间空腔内并且搭靠在法兰33的横向环形部分上。在本发明中，所述“轴肩”的至少一部分在垂直于螺栓32的轴线的方向上尺寸大于螺栓32的第一端和第二端，并且也大于螺栓32的第一端穿过的上壳体311的通孔以及法兰33的横向环形部分上的螺栓32的第二端穿过的通孔，从而可以限制螺栓32的轴向移动程度。也就是说，所述“轴肩”不会沿上下方向移动出所述中间空腔。
优选地，安装壳体31的上壳体311连接到电池箱2，下壳体312与法兰33的横向环形部分相互压紧接触。上壳体311包括上壁和侧壁，并且下壳体312包括下壁和侧壁。如前面提及的，上壳体311在其上壁上设置上壳通孔并且下壳体312的在其下壁上设置有下壳通孔。螺栓32的第一端延伸穿过所述上壳通孔，并且法兰33的竖向环形部分以及其中容纳的螺栓32的第二端延伸穿过所述下壳通孔，并且法兰33的竖向环形部分能够在所述下壳通孔中旋转。上壳体311和下壳体312在它们侧壁上分别设置有数量相同并且位置相对应的连接孔。 可以用螺栓或铆钉313穿过这些连接孔来将上壳体311与下壳体312连接到一起。
继续参阅图2，图2为根据本发明的电池箱锁紧装置3的第一使用状态剖视图。如图2所示，车体1上设置有支撑架12和安装在支撑架12上的螺母11。在图2所示的状态中，锁紧装置3刚开始靠近车体1，拆装工具4还没有插入螺栓32的下端。
接下来参阅图3，图3为根据本发明的电池箱锁紧装置3的第二使用状态剖视图。在图3所示的状态中，拆装工具4插入螺栓32第二端的非圆形拆卸槽中并且转动和向上推动螺栓32与法兰33，使得弹簧34被向上挤压。关于此点，需要指出的是，拆装工具4的形状需要设置成，当其对螺栓32进行操作时可以同时顶升法兰33。相应地，法兰33与安装壳体31的下壳体312的接触面分开并且形成一定间隙，尖刺突起315从麻质限位盘314中拔出。这样一来，法兰33并且因此螺栓32就可以相对于安装壳体31沿着图中箭头所示的方向旋转，螺栓32与螺母11可以螺纹连接，从而能够将电池箱2锁紧安装到车体1上。当然，如果操作者使用拆卸工具插入螺栓32第二端的端部的非圆形拆卸槽中并且向上推动螺栓32，随后反向转动螺栓32就可以解除螺栓32与螺母11之间的螺纹连接，从而可以从车体1上拆下电池箱2。
图4为根据本发明的电池箱锁紧装置的第三使用状态剖视图。在图4所示的状态中，电池箱2被锁紧，拆装工具4被撤掉，此时在弹簧34的压力作用下法兰33向下运动，安装壳体31与法兰33之间的间隙消失，法兰33的横向环形部分的下表面上的尖刺突起315重新扎入下壳体312的内壁上的麻质限位盘314，从而使螺栓32和法兰33无法相对于安装壳体31转动。本领域技术人员熟知的是，在电动车辆的使用过程中，如果电池箱2受到振动和应力而迫使夹紧安装它的螺纹连接有松动的趋势，那么螺栓32必定要相对于安装壳体31旋转。由于采用了本发明的结构，螺栓32与安装壳体31不能相对于彼此旋转。因此，对电池箱2的夹紧安装不会松动。
本发明还提供了一种电池箱，所述电池箱使用至少一个根据本发明的锁紧装置3进行锁紧。所述电池箱包括用于所述螺栓32穿过的通孔。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述电池箱锁紧装置包括固定到所述电池箱的安装壳体、穿过所述安装壳体的紧固件、部分容纳在所述安装壳体中的法兰、容纳在所述安装壳体中的压紧件以及设置在所述安装壳体与所述法兰之间的防松动构件，
    所述法兰设置成穿过所述安装壳体的壁并且能相对于所述安装壳体旋转，所述紧固件设置成穿过所述法兰，不能相对于所述法兰旋转但是能沿着所述法兰轴向滑动，
    所述紧固件能够将所述安装壳体与所述电池箱一起连接到电动汽车的车体上，
    在所述紧固件未被操作的状态下，所述压紧件能够压迫所述法兰，使其抵靠到所述安装壳体的内壁上，此时所述防松动构件阻止所述法兰与所述安装壳体相对于彼此旋转。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述安装壳体包括上壳体和下壳体，所述上壳体和下壳体彼此连接到一起并因此在它们之间形成中间空腔，所述法兰部分容纳在所述中间空腔内，所述压紧件完全容纳在所述中间空腔内，
    在所述紧固件未被操作的状态下，所述压紧件的一端压紧所述法兰，使其与所述下壳体的内壁接触，所述压紧件的另一端压紧抵靠所述上壳体的内壁。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述防松动构件包括设置在所述法兰上的尖刺状突起和设置在所述下壳体的内壁上的麻质限位盘，或者所述防松动构件包括设置在所述法兰上的麻质限位盘和设置在所述下壳体的内壁上的尖刺状突起。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述紧固件是螺栓并且包括第一端、第二端以及连接在所述第一端与所述第二端之间的轴肩，所述紧固件的第一端延伸穿过所述上壳体上的第一通孔，所述紧固件的第二端延伸穿过所述下壳体上的第二通孔，所述 第一端设置有螺纹以便螺纹连接到车体上的螺母中，所述轴肩位于所述中间空腔内并且设置成在所述紧固件未被操作的状态下搭靠在所述法兰上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述法兰包括一体设置的横向环形部分和竖向环形部分，所述横向环形部分的中央设置有具有非圆形横截面的第三通孔，所述第三通孔与所述竖向环形部分的中心孔连通，所述竖向环形部分穿过所述下壳体上的第二通孔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述紧固件的第二端具有与所述第三通孔匹配的非圆形横截面并且插入穿过所述第三通孔和所述竖向环形部分的中心孔，使得所述紧固件与所述法兰不能相对于彼此旋转。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述上壳体和所述下壳体的侧面分别设置有数量相同并且位置相对应的连接孔，以便能够用螺栓或铆钉穿过所述连接孔来将所述上壳体与所述下壳体连接到一起。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述紧固件的第二端的端面上设置有非圆形拆装槽。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池箱锁紧装置，其特征在于，所述压紧件是弹簧。
  10. 一种电池箱，其特征在于，所述电池箱包括权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池箱锁紧装置。
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