WO2018033684A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un additif de lubrifiance pour carburant a faible teneur en soufre - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'un additif de lubrifiance pour carburant a faible teneur en soufre Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018033684A1 WO2018033684A1 PCT/FR2017/052236 FR2017052236W WO2018033684A1 WO 2018033684 A1 WO2018033684 A1 WO 2018033684A1 FR 2017052236 W FR2017052236 W FR 2017052236W WO 2018033684 A1 WO2018033684 A1 WO 2018033684A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/02—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils
- C11C1/025—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils by saponification and release of fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/08—Refining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/02—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with glycerol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
- C10L2200/0484—Vegetable or animal oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/547—Filtration for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
- Y02T50/678—Aviation using fuels of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a lubricant additive for an internal combustion engine fuel, particularly for low sulfur fuel.
- This additive is derived, especially directly from the esterification of acid oils.
- acid oils are especially derived from the acidification of a neutralization paste obtained by a refining process, preferably a chemical refining process, in particular a saponification process, of one or more oils selected from one of vegetable oil and / or animal oil.
- the invention also relates to the use of esterified acid oils as described above as a lubricant additive, especially for low sulfur fuel.
- the lubricant additive obtained by the process according to the invention is more particularly intended for fuels for an internal combustion engine having a low sulfur content, for example less than 500 ppm (weight).
- fatty acids as lubricity additives.
- the fatty acids used are produced by fractionation of vegetable or animal oils.
- Tall Oil Fatty Acids or Tall Oil Fatty Acids are known to have good lubricity properties in low sulfur gas oils (WO9804656). These fatty acids have a strong acid number. The gain on improving the lubricity is important at low dosages.
- Mono- and di-glycerides are esters produced from the reaction between fatty acids and glycerol. They have a very low acid number: we speak of neutral lubricity. However, improving the lubricity is not always immediate at low dosage, which may require the use of larger amounts of additives, thereby increasing the cost of treatment.
- Neutralization pastes are by-products of refining, including chemical refining, crude oils (vegetable or animal). They are generally obtained, especially directly, by saponification of these oils. They thus contain the saponifiable species present in the fatty substances after their extraction. Their acidification makes it possible to obtain a mixture of fatty acids, esters and triglycerides called "acid oil”. Acidic oils are thus mixtures of active ingredients at low cost. The applicant proposes to use esterified acid oils as a fuel lubricity additive for an internal combustion engine.
- a first object of the invention thus relates to a method of manufacturing a lubricant additive for an internal combustion engine fuel comprising:
- the lubricant additive obtained by the manufacturing method according to the invention is thus derived solely from biomass.
- the lubricant additive according to the invention allows a significant improvement in the lubricating nature of a fuel even in small quantities.
- the invention thus also relates to a lubricant additive obtained by the process according to the invention.
- the esterification step b) can be carried out in the presence of polyhydric, cyclic or acyclic alcohol.
- polyhydric alcohol is meant an alcohol containing several hydroxyl groups (-OH).
- the polyhydric alcohol used comprises at least three hydroxyl groups.
- esterification step b) can be carried out in the presence of acyclic polyhydric alcohol, preferably glycerol.
- an esterified acidic oil or a mixture of esterified acid oils, as a fuel lubricity additive for an internal combustion engine.
- This esterification can be performed as described above with reference to step b).
- the lubricant additive according to the invention is obtained by esterification of acid oil resulting from an acidification process of at least one neutralization paste.
- This neutralization paste is obtained, especially directly, by a refining process of at least one oil selected from a vegetable and animal oil.
- This refining process is preferably a chemical refining process, in particular a process for the saponification of one or more vegetable and animal oils.
- the lubricant additive according to the invention is thus an esterified acidic oil or a mixture of esterified acid oils.
- the lubricant additive is a neutral lubricant additive.
- neutral lubricating additive is meant an additive having a low acid number, preferably less than or equal to 5 mgKOH / g, more preferably less than or equal to 1 mgKOH / g.
- Esterified acid oils are used as a fuel lubricant additive for internal combustion engines, particularly low sulfur fuels, particularly fuels having a sulfur content of less than 500 ppm (weight).
- the fuel compositions including gas oils which may optionally contain biofuels (biodiesel), comprising such acid oils have improved lubricity properties.
- an acidic oil containing fatty acids is provided.
- acid oil is meant either an oil from a single vegetable or animal oil, or a mixture of two or more of these oils.
- the acidic oil provided in step a) is derived from the refining of one or more oils chosen from a vegetable oil and an animal oil.
- this neutralization paste is derived from refining, including chemical refining, one or more oils selected from a vegetable oil and an animal oil. More particularly, the neutralization paste is preferably derived, especially directly from a saponification process of one or more oils.
- An acidic oil can be defined as base-neutralized fatty acid compositions and then acidified.
- the fatty acids advantageously come from the saponification of a vegetable and / or animal oil, such that, without being limiting, a sunflower oil, soya, rapeseed, palm, coconut, peanut, olive, a fish oil, and typically comprising, for the most part, saturated or unsaturated C 16 -C 18 carbon chains, of which, for example, C 18 unsaturated carbon chains are preferred.
- Vegetable oils usually include palmitic, oleic, linoleic acid and other acids in smaller amounts.
- the base neutralized fatty acid compositions are typically neutralization pastes.
- an acidic oil contains from 20 to 70% by weight of fatty acids. The remainder is composed mainly of mono-, di- and triglycerides, generally essentially triglycerides. Note also the presence of some impurities in a content less than or equal to 0.5% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 0.1% by weight. These impurities are metal salts, for example sulphates, phosphates, etc.
- tall oil is not an acidic oil because it comes from the saponification not of a vegetable or animal oil but of the saponification of an alkaline solution of solid organic matter (wood chips, in particular of conifers). Thus tall oil contains resins whereas an acid oil does not contain any.
- the acidic oil provided in step a) is derived solely from one or more vegetable oils.
- the acidic oil provided in step a) may comprise a water content of less than or equal to 3 wt%.
- the acidic oil supplied in step a) may comprise a water content less than or equal to 1% by weight, or even less than or equal to 0.8% by weight, in particular from 0.1% to 0.7% by weight. in feet.
- Step a) of supplying an acidic oil may advantageously comprise:
- the organic phase recovered in step a2) constitutes an acidic oil.
- Such an acidic oil generally has a water content of less than or equal to 3% by weight.
- the neutralization paste treated in step a1) may be a mixture of neutralization pastes obtained from the refining of different oils or may be a neutralization paste resulting from the refining of a single oil.
- the refining of the neutralization paste (s) is a chemical refining.
- Such neutralization pastes come, in particular directly from the saponification of a vegetable oil and / or an animal oil.
- this saponification is carried out by adding a base, usually sodium hydroxide, and eliminates the free fatty acids present in the oil, which are found in the soapstock. form of alkaline salts of fatty acids.
- the vegetable and / or animal oil may undergo a degumming or degumming operation to eliminate phospholipids, lecithins, sugar complexes and other impurities.
- the separation of the oil and the neutralization paste resulting from the saponification can be carried out by centrifugation.
- the neutralization pastes thus essentially comprise base neutralized fatty acids. They typically comprise from 20 to 70% by weight of fatty acids.
- the neutralization pastes may contain, depending on their origin and the quality of the saponification, phospholipids or mono-, di- or tri-glycerides not reacting.
- the fatty acids have carbon chains C12-C24, preferably C16-C20 or better C16-C18.
- a neutralization paste is therefore a product derived from biomass. Advantages associated with such neutralization pastes reside, on the one hand, in their low cost of implementation, and, on the other hand, in the absence of undesirable toxic substances, such as pesticides, aflatoxins, heavy metals, precursors of dioxins and furans, PCBs and nitrites.
- the extraction step (a1) of the process according to the invention has the function of extracting the fatty acids contained in the neutralization paste. This extraction is carried out in an acidic medium under conditions that are effective for forming an aqueous phase and an organic phase comprising the fatty acids initially contained in the neutralization paste.
- This organic phase comprising the fatty acids is generally called “acid oil” or “neutralizing oil”.
- the acid used to extract the fatty acids present in the neutralization paste in the form of salts is generally an inorganic acid, such as, for example, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or hydrochloric acid.
- Sulfuric acid is however preferred because it allows better extraction of fatty acids at a favorable economic cost.
- the extraction is generally carried out under heating, at a temperature generally between 70 and 100 ° C (inclusive), preferably between 80 and 90 ° C (inclusive).
- an acidic pH is preferably maintained during the reaction time, for example a pH of less than or equal to 6, preferably less than or equal to 4.
- the reaction time is chosen to allow extraction of all the fatty acids. It is for example from 1 hour to 24 hours, depending on the geometry of the reactor, the nature and the composition of the charge to be treated.
- the extraction is preferably carried out with stirring.
- step a1) of the aqueous phase is separated off.
- the acidic oil is isolated.
- This separation can be carried out by distillation, decantation or even centrifugation. This step can be implemented by any appropriate device known and commercially available.
- this separation is carried out by decantation, followed by removal of the aqueous phase. Decantation depends on the difference in density of the liquids and their viscosity, parameters which can be modified in a manner known to those skilled in the art to promote separation if necessary.
- the esterification step b) is carried out under conditions that are effective for converting at least a portion of the fatty acids present in the acid oil into esters.
- At least 50% by weight of the fatty acids are esterified, preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight.
- all of the fatty acids can be converted into esters, it being understood that non-esterified fatty acids may nevertheless remain in the form of traces.
- the esterification reaction is well known to those skilled in the art and consists of a condensation of a carboxylic acid group -COOH and an alcohol -OH group. Those skilled in the art can adapt the reaction conditions to obtain a more or less complete esterification of an acidic oil.
- the esterification can be carried out in the presence of one or more alcohols.
- the alcohol is preferably selected from polyhydric alcohols.
- the alcohol is preferably chosen from polyhydric, cyclic or acyclic alcohols comprising at least three hydroxyl groups.
- cyclic a polyhydric alcohol comprising at least one ring.
- This cycle is advantageously a ring with 5 or 6 atoms, of which possibly an oxygen atom.
- polyhydric alcohols containing at least three hydroxyl groups are those having from 3 to 10, preferably from 3 to 6, more preferably from 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydric alcohols used in the present invention comprise from 2 to 90, preferably from 2 to 30, more preferably from 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- glycerol diglycerol, sorbitol.
- a cyclic polyhydric alcohol mention may be made of sorbitan.
- step b) is carried out in the presence of an acyclic polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol.
- an acyclic polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol.
- the esterification is carried out so as to obtain at least 40% by weight, preferably from 40 to 55% by weight of monoesters, for example monoglycerides when the esterification is carried out with glycerol.
- the proportion of monoesters is less than
- the proportion of monoesters may be 40 to 70% by weight, 40 to 80% by weight or 40 to 55% by weight.
- the esterification is carried out according to any known method so as to obtain at most 10%, preferably at most 8%, more preferably at most 5% by weight of triesters , for example triglycerides when the esterification is carried out with glycerol.
- triesters for example triglycerides when the esterification is carried out with glycerol.
- Each of these proportions of triesters can be obtained for a proportion of monoesters of at least 40% by weight, especially less than 70% by weight or 80% by weight, or for a proportion of monoesters of 40 to 70% by weight, from 40 to 80% by weight or from 40 to 55% by weight.
- the lubricating additive has an iodine number measured according to ASTM D5768, between 10 and 250 gl2 / 100g (inclusive), preferably between 50 and 200 gl2 / 100g (inclusive). ) and more preferably between 80 and
- the lubricant additive may have an iodine value in one of these ranges. values for each of the proportions of monoesters or triesters mentioned above taken alone or in combination.
- the lubricating additive has a pour point measured according to ASTM D97, less than or equal to 0 ° C, preferably less than or equal to -6 ° C and more preferably less than or equal to - 12 ° C.
- the lubricant additive may have a pour point in one of these ranges of values for each of the proportions of monoesters or triesters mentioned above taken alone or in combination.
- the lubricity additive may further comprise an iodine number in one of the ranges previously given, in particular for each of the proportions of monoesters or triesters mentioned above taken alone or in combination.
- the esterification step b) is carried out in the presence of glycerol.
- the acidic oil supplied in step a) may undergo one or more treatment steps chosen from centrifugation, filtration and precipitation. This or these treatment steps may advantageously be carried out on an acidic oil obtained in step a2) previously described.
- a treatment step in particular by centrifugation, can be carried out under conditions that are effective for obtaining an acidic oil having a water content of less than or equal to 1% by weight, or even less than or equal to 0.8% by weight, in particular from 0.1% to 0.7% by weight.
- the centrifugation can also allow the removal of some of the solid residues in suspension.
- the centrifugation step has the advantage of simplified implementation, avoiding resorting to complex chemical separation methods, such as distillation, which can be restrictive in terms of unwanted precautions and corrosion, and expensive.
- the centrifugation step may advantageously be a triphasic centrifugation.
- the centrifugation step can itself be a combination of steps, in particular comprising a first step of two-phase centrifugation, which separates the sludge suspended matter, coupled to a second triphasic centrifugation step, which separates the organic phase, the purified aqueous phase and the residual suspended solids from the first centrifugation.
- This step can be implemented by any appropriate device known and commercially available.
- the centrifugation can be implemented with speeds of 4000 - 6000 rpm.
- the duration of the centrifugation depends on the nature of the species to be separated, their partition coefficient, the difference in density between the aqueous phase, the oily organic phase and the particles, the particle size, the surface tension of the particles. species to be separated, temperature, centrifugation rate.
- the separation time (called residence time) is therefore adapted case by case by those skilled in the art by conventional means of measurement and control.
- the filtration can be carried out by means of a filter press, or a filter cartridge, or a filter membrane or be an ultra filtration, nano filtration or reverse osmosis filtration.
- the filtration may in particular be carried out using at least one passage through a cellulose filter.
- a cellulose filter can improve the efficiency of filtration by avoiding clogging.
- the treatment may comprise a succession of filtrations by means of decreasing mesh filters to reach the final target, for example from 200 ⁇ up to 25 ⁇ .
- the last filtration step is then performed by means of a filter having a filtration threshold of 10 to 25 ⁇ .
- the filtrations can be carried out by means of a first filter of 100 to 50 ⁇ and a second filter of 10 to 25 ⁇ .
- the precipitation step may advantageously be carried out under conditions that are effective for precipitating the sulphates that may be present in the acidic oil.
- These sulphates may come from the saponification of the oil and / or the acid extraction of the fatty acids.
- the precipitation of sulphates seems to be associated with the precipitation of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and possibly alkali metals other than sodium, which has the effect of reducing the ash content of the sulphate. product.
- the conditions for carrying out the precipitation will be determined by those skilled in the art by conventional means depending on the species to be precipitated.
- the precipitation of the sulphates can in particular be carried out by adding Ca 2+ ions, for example in the form of CaC (calcium chloride).
- One or more treatment steps selected from centrifugation, filtration and precipitation can thus reduce the acid content of the oil in water, ash, sulfur, calcium, phosphorus and sodium.
- the choice and the number of these sub-steps can be easily determined by those skilled in the art by controlling the contents of these elements.
- the previously described manufacturing method provides a lubricity additive which may advantageously be added to a fuel composition for an internal combustion engine to improve lubricity.
- the esterified acid oils obtained by the process according to the invention can be used as a fuel lubricity additive for an internal combustion engine.
- the invention thus makes it possible to produce a fuel composition for an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel fuel, having a sulfur content of less than 500 ppm by weight and comprising a lubricant additive according to the invention.
- the content of the fuel composition in the lubricant additive is preferably sufficient for the fuel composition to have a lubricating power of less than or equal to 500 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 4 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 400 ⁇ m, more preferably less than or equal to equal to 300 ⁇ under the conditions of the HFRR test ("High Frequency Reciprocating Rig") as described in the article SAE 932692 by JW H AD LE Y of the University of Liverpool.
- HFRR test High Frequency Reciprocating Rig
- the content of the lubricant additive fuel composition is also preferably less than or equal to 1000 ppm (by weight), preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm by weight, preferably between 10 and 400 ppm by weight (inclusive), plus preferably between 10 and 250ppm by weight (inclusive).
- the fuel composition may comprise at least one fuel chosen from gas oils, diesel fuels containing biodiesel, gasolines, biofuels, jet fuels, preferably gas oils and diesel fuels containing biodiesel.
- the fuel composition may comprise at least one fuel selected from middle distillates having a boiling point of between 100 and 500 ° C., preferably 140 to 400 ° C.
- middle distillates may, for example, be selected from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydro-treated distillates, distillates obtained from catalytic cracking and / or hydrocracking of vacuum distillates. , distillates resulting from ARDS (by atmospheric residue desulphurisation) and / or visbreaking conversion processes, distillates from the valuation of Fischer Tropsch cuts, distillates resulting from BTL conversion (acronym for biomass to liquid) plant and / or animal biomass and / or mixtures thereof.
- ARDS by atmospheric residue desulphurisation
- BTL conversion acronym for biomass to liquid
- Fuels may also contain distillates from more complex refining operations than those derived from the direct distillation of hydrocarbons.
- the distillates may, for example, be derived from cracking, hydrocracking and / or catalytic cracking processes and visbreaking processes.
- Fuels may also contain new sources of distillates, which may include:
- oils and / or their esters preferably fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or fatty acid ethyl esters (EEAG), in particular vegetable oil methyl esters (VOMEs) or ethyl esters of vegetable oils (EEHV), hydro-treated and / or hydrocracked and / or hydrodeoxygenated vegetable oils and / or animal oils (HDO).
- FAME fatty acid methyl esters
- EEAG fatty acid ethyl esters
- VOMEs vegetable oil methyl esters
- EHV ethyl esters of vegetable oils
- the fuel composition may comprise only new distillate sources or be composed of a mixture with conventional petroleum distillates as a diesel fuel base.
- These new distillate sources generally comprise long paraffinic chains greater than or equal to 10 carbon atoms and preferably from 14 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the sulfur content of the fuel composition according to the invention is less than 500 ppm, preferably less than
- the lubricity additive obtained by the manufacturing method according to the invention, described above can be used alone or in admixture with one or more additives to improve the lubricity of a fuel composition.
- the lubricity additive obtained by the process according to the invention can be used in the fuel composition in combination with one or more additional additives.
- additional additives may be chosen from dispersants / detergents, carrier oils, metal deactivators, metal passivators, antioxidants, colorants, antistatic additives, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, labels, thermal stabilizers, emulsifiers, antistatic additives, friction reducing agents, surfactants, cetane improvers, antitrouble agents, conductivity enhancing additives, deodorants and mixtures thereof.
- procetane additives such as, for example, alkyl nitrates
- WO2012 / 004300 e) cloud point additives.
- cloud point additives examples are given in EP0071513, EP0100248, FR2528051, FR2528051, FR2528423, EPI 12195, EP0172758, EP0271385, EP0291367;
- polyfunctional cold operability additives chosen in particular from the group consisting of olefin and alkenyl nitrate polymers as described in EP0573490;
- CFI cold-weatherability and filterability additives
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate
- EDP ethylene / vinylpropionate copolymers
- metal passivators such as triazoles, alkylated benzotriazoles and alkylated tolutriazoles
- DMD disalicylidene propane diamine
- acid neutralizers such as cyclic alkyl amines.
- a fuel composition can thus be obtained by a process comprising:
- step (2) a step of adding to the (x) fuel (s) provided in step (1) at least one lubricity additive obtained by the process according to the invention.
- the method may optionally include a step of adding at least one additional additive of the type described above.
- the lubricity of an internal combustion engine fuel composition can thus be improved by a process comprising a step in which at least one lubricant additive obtained by the manufacturing method according to the invention is added to a fuel composition.
- Cx y, fatty acid having x carbon atoms and unsaturations (carbon-carbon double bonds).
- HFRR High Frequency Reciprocating Rig
- the test consists in imposing jointly with a steel ball in contact with a stationary metal plate, a pressure corresponding to a weight of 200 g and a reciprocating displacement of 1 mm at a frequency of 50 Hz.
- the ball in motion is lubricated by the test composition.
- the temperature is maintained at 60 ° C for the duration of the test, that is to say 75min.
- the lubricating power is expressed by the average value of the diameters of the wear impression of the ball on the plate. The smaller the wear diameter, the better the lubricity. Generally a wear diameter less than or equal to 460 ⁇ ⁇ 63 ⁇ is required for a diesel-type fuel.
- the acidic oil is directly derived from an acidification process of at least one neutralization paste obtained by a method of refining (here a saponification) of one or more vegetable and / or animal oils.
- a neutralization paste has undergone the following treatment:
- This HA acid oil undergoes an esterification with glycerol so as to obtain at least 40% by weight of monoglycerides and less than 10% by weight of triglycerides. Is obtained an esterified oil called acid ester of HA and containing 49.2% by weight of monoglycerides, less than 10% by weight of triglycerides and an iodine value measured according to ASTM D5768 1 15 gI 2 / 100g.
- Table 2 summarizes the characteristics of two commonly used lubricant additives. Comparative Additive No. 1 is a mixture of fatty acid esters containing essentially mono- and di-glycerides. Comparative additive No. 2 is a mixture containing essentially free fatty acids.
- Comparative Additive No. 3 is a TOFA ester obtained by esterification of the comparative additive No. 2. The esterification is carried out under conditions similar to those used for the HA ester, namely with glycerol so as to obtain at least 40% by weight of monoglycerides and less than 10% by weight of triglycerides. Table 2: Characteristics of Comparative Additives Tested
- the values indicated correspond to the average of the results obtained, which are within a range of ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP17768487.5A EP3500655A1 (fr) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | Procede de fabrication d'un additif de lubrifiance pour carburant a faible teneur en soufre |
JP2019507791A JP2019528348A (ja) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | 低硫黄燃料用の潤滑添加剤の製造方法 |
US16/326,025 US20190177633A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | Method for manufacturing a lubricity additive for fuel having a low sulfur content |
CA3031593A CA3031593A1 (fr) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | Procede de fabrication d'un additif de lubrifiance pour carburant a faible teneur en soufre |
BR112019001643-0A BR112019001643A2 (pt) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | processo de fabricação de um aditivo de lubricidade para carburante com baixo teor em enxofre |
AU2017313344A AU2017313344A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | Method for manufacturing a lubricity additive for fuel having a low sulfur content |
CN201780049669.1A CN109563424A (zh) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | 用于具有低硫含量的燃料的润滑性添加剂的制造方法 |
KR1020197007585A KR20190038656A (ko) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | 저-황 연료용의 윤활 첨가제를 제조하기 위한 방법 |
SG11201900534QA SG11201900534QA (en) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | Process for manufacturing a lubricant additive for low-sulfur fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1657807A FR3055135B1 (fr) | 2016-08-18 | 2016-08-18 | Procede de fabrication d'un additif de lubrifiance pour carburant a faible teneur en soufre. |
FR1657807 | 2016-08-18 |
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WO2018033684A1 true WO2018033684A1 (fr) | 2018-02-22 |
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PCT/FR2017/052236 WO2018033684A1 (fr) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-16 | Procede de fabrication d'un additif de lubrifiance pour carburant a faible teneur en soufre |
Country Status (11)
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US (1) | US20190177633A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3500655A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2019528348A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20190038656A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN109563424A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2017313344A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112019001643A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3031593A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3055135B1 (fr) |
SG (1) | SG11201900534QA (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2018033684A1 (fr) |
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- 2016-08-18 FR FR1657807A patent/FR3055135B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-08-16 KR KR1020197007585A patent/KR20190038656A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-08-16 CA CA3031593A patent/CA3031593A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2017-08-16 AU AU2017313344A patent/AU2017313344A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-08-16 BR BR112019001643-0A patent/BR112019001643A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-08-16 US US16/326,025 patent/US20190177633A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-08-16 JP JP2019507791A patent/JP2019528348A/ja active Pending
- 2017-08-16 WO PCT/FR2017/052236 patent/WO2018033684A1/fr unknown
- 2017-08-16 SG SG11201900534QA patent/SG11201900534QA/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3500655A1 (fr) | 2019-06-26 |
BR112019001643A2 (pt) | 2019-05-07 |
SG11201900534QA (en) | 2019-03-28 |
CA3031593A1 (fr) | 2018-02-22 |
CN109563424A (zh) | 2019-04-02 |
FR3055135B1 (fr) | 2020-01-10 |
FR3055135A1 (fr) | 2018-02-23 |
US20190177633A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
AU2017313344A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
KR20190038656A (ko) | 2019-04-08 |
JP2019528348A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
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