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  • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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  • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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  • C09J183/04—Polysiloxanes
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  • H01L23/28—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection
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• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
  • H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
  • H10H20/80—Constructional details
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  • H10H20/852—Encapsulations
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  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
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  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/80—Siloxanes having aromatic substituents, e.g. phenyl side groups
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2203/00—Applications
  • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
  • C08L2203/206—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in coating or encapsulating of electronic parts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/40—Additives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a curable organopolysiloxane composition, a
• the present invention relates to a curable organopolysiloxane composition with excellent toughness, flexibility, and resistance to light and heat, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) encapsulant and a semiconductor device of superior reliability.
• a LED package is generally composed of a chip, an adhesive, an encapsulant, a phosphor, and a heat radiation material.
• the encapsulant basically serves to protect a LED device, and allows light to pass through the LED device and emit light outside the device.
• curable silicone compositions and curable epoxy compositions have been used.
• the silicone compositions curable by the hydrosilylation reaction which gives optically clear silicone products, have been mainly used for good properties such as resistance to heat, moisture, and light.
• LED encapsulant Furthermore, contaminants in air may penetrate the LED encapsulant, which reduces efficiency and can affect the integrity of the semiconductor materials contained therein. It may reduce brightness of the LED.
• US 7,527.871 discloses a curable organopolysiloxane composition
• a curable organopolysiloxane composition comprising (A) a linear organopolysiloxane having at least two alkenyl groups and at least one aryl group, (B) a branched organopolysiloxane, having at least one alkenyl group and aryl group, (C) a linear organopolysiloxane, with terminal Si-H, containing at least one aryl group, and (D) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst.
• US 8,258,502 teaches a composition comprising (I) an alkenyl-functional phenyl- containing polyorganosiloxane, (II) a hydrogendiorganosiloxy-terminated oligo- diphenylsiloxane, and (III) a hydrosilylation catalyst.
• US 9,306,133 also discloses a curing silicone resin composition for an optical semiconductor device, comprising: (A) an aryl group and an alkenyl group-containing organopolysiloxane; (B) organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two hydrosilyl groups (SiH groups) per molecule and also having an aryl group, in a constituent unit having an amount that a molar ratio of the hydrosilyl group in the component (B) with respect to the alkenyl group in the component (A) (SiH group/alkenyl group) is 0.70 to 1.00; and (C) a hydrosilylation catalyst.
• the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention comprises:
• each R 5 can be the same or different and is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, wherein at least one of R 5 per molecule is an alkenyl group, with the proviso that the ratio between alkenyl groups and silicon atoms is from 0.3 to 3 (as determined by 29 Si NMR spectroscopy),
• f, g, h, and i are independently 0 or positive, and
• the weight average molecular weight Mw of the siloxane is less than 1 ,000 g/mol (as measured by SEC, THF as solvent, in a concentration of 5 mg/mL, RI detector against polystyrene as standard).
• the LED encapsulant of the present invention comprises the above- described curable organopolysiloxane composition.
• the semiconductor device of the present invention comprises semiconductor elements that are coated with a cured product of the above-described curable organopolysiloxane composition.
• the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention cures to a cured product that exhibits excellent toughness and flexibility.
• composition of the present invention cures to a cured product that shows stability against sulfur, low weight change, low hardness change, and low discoloration at high temperature.
• a LED silicone encapsulant with a stability to light generated from the LED chip and heat generated in operation is provided.
• the product provides lower transmittance to steam and oxygen than conventional silicone, which is helpful for reduction of discoloration of substrate of LED package due to sulfur transfer.
• FIGs. 1 and 2 represent a graph showing a result of toughness test.
• FIG. 3 represents a result of sulfur resistance test.
• FIG. 4 represents a result of thermal stability test at 200 °C.
• FIGs. 5 and 6 represent a change of hardness and weight at 200 °C .
• the present invention provides a curable organopolysiloxane composition comprising:
• each R 5 can be the same or different and is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, wherein at least one of R 5 per molecule is an alkenyl group, with the proviso that the ratio between alkenyl groups and silicon atoms is from 0.3 to 1 ,
• f, g, h, and i are independently 0 or positive, and
• the weight average molecular weight Mw of the siloxane is less than 1,000 g/mol.
• Component (A) which is the major component of the composition according to the present composition, is used to impart strength to the cured product obtained by curing the composition.
• Component (A) represents a branched organopolysiloxane having at least one silicon-bonded alkenyl group and at least one silicon-bonded aryl group per molecule, and having siloxane units represented by the general formula: RS1O3/ 2 where R is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group.
• alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, methallyl, butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl group, preferably vinyl and allyl group, particularly preferred vinyl group.
• examples of the aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, indenyl, benzophenyl, fluorenyl, xanthenyl, anthronyl; aryloxyaryl groups such as o- or p-phenoxyphenyl; alkaryl groups such as 0-, m-, p-tolyl, xylyl and ethylphenyl; aralkyl groups such as benzyl, a- and ⁇ -phenylethyl.
• the aryl group is phenyl group.
• examples of silicon-bonded organic groups of component (A) other than the alkenyl and aryl groups include substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups, examples of which include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and other alkyl groups; and halogenated alkyl groups such as chloromethyl, 3-chloropropyl, and 3,3,3 -trifluoropropyl, with methyl being particularly preferable.
• R is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group.
• Substituents of hydrocarbon groups may include the above-mentioned alkyl groups, the above- mentioned alkenyl groups, the above-mentioned aryl groups, the above-mentioned aralkyl groups, and the above-mentioned halogenated alkyl groups, particularly preferably the above-mentioned alkyl groups and the above-mentioned aryl groups.
• component (A) an organopolysiloxane represented by the average unit formula:
• each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 can be the same or different and is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon
• R ⁇ R or R J per molecule is an alkenyl group and at least one of R', R 2 or R 3 per molecule is an aryl group.
• the monovalent hydrocarbon group may be more specifically exemplified by the above-mentioned alkyl groups, the above-mentioned alkenyl groups, the above- mentioned aryl groups, the above-mentioned aralkyl groups, and the above-mentioned halogenated alkyl groups.
• Preferably 0.1 to 40 mol%, more preferably 5 to 25 mol%, of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 per molecule is the above-mentioned alkenyl groups. This is due to the fact that when the content of the alkenyl groups is below the lower limit or exceeds the upper limit of the above-mentioned range, its reactivity with component (A) tends to decrease.
• R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 should be the above-mentioned aryl groups, and, in particular, in siloxane units represented by the general formula R 2 Si0 3/2 , it is even more preferable that not less than 30 mol % of R 2 should be represented by the above-mentioned aryl groups, with R 2 other than the alkenyl and aryl groups being preferably represented by methyl groups.
• X is a hydrogen atom or alkyl group, a is 0 or a positive number, b is 0 or a positive number, c is a positive number, d is 0 or a positive number, e is 0 or a positive number, b/c is a number between 0 and 10, a/c is a number between 0 and 0.5, d/(a+b+c+d) is a number between 0 and 0.3, and e/(a+b+c+d) is a number between 0 and 0.4.
• component (A) an organopolysiloxane with the average unit formula:
• R is a Cj to C 12 alkyl group
• R is a C 6 to C 20 aryl group or C 7 to C 20 aralkyl group
• R 3 is C 2 to C 12 alkenyl group
• a is 0 or a positive number
• b is 0 or a positive number
• c is a positive number.
• component (A) when converted to standard polystyrene, its weight average molecular weight (Mw) should preferably be in the range of from 500 g/mol to 10,000 g/mol, and, especially preferably, in the range of from 700 g/mol to 7,000 g/mol, more preferably in the range from 1,000 g/mol to 5,000 g/mol, particularly from 1,500 to 3,000 g/mol.
• Component (A) is preferably present in an amount that equals or is greater than 70 %, more preferably 70 to 90 % by weight, particularly preferred, 75 to 85 % by weight, based on the sum of the amount of components (A) and (B).
• the composition of the present invention comprises 60 to 75 wt.%, more preferably 70 to 75 wt.%, of Component (A), based on the total weight of the composition.
• Component (B) is the curing agent of the present composition.
• Component (B) is a linear organopolysiloxane with both terminal ends of the molecular chain blocked by silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms having at least one silicon- bonded aryl group per molecule.
• aryl groups of component (B) are the same as those described above. Phenyl group is especially preferable.
• examples of silicon-bonded organic groups of component (B) other than the aryl groups include substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups with the exception of alkenyl groups, such as the above-described alkyl groups, the above-described aralkyl groups, and the above-described halogenated alkyl groups, with methyl being particularly preferable.
• the content of the silicon-bonded aryl groups among all the silicon-bonded organic groups in component (B) should preferably be not less than 15 mol % and, particularly preferably, not less than 30 mol%.
• the viscosity of component (B) at 25 °C it is preferably in the range of from 1 to 1 ,000 mPa-s, and, especially preferably, in the range of from 2 to 500 mPa-s.
• component (B) is preferable as component (B).
• each R 4 can be the same or different and is independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group with the exception of alkenyl groups.
• Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon groups of R 4 include the above- mentioned alkyl groups, the above-mentioned aryl groups, and the above-mentioned halogenated alkyl groups.
• At least one R 4 per molecule must be one of the above-mentioned aryl groups, preferably, phenyl.
• n in the formula above is an integer of 0 or more, preferably, an integer in the range of from 0 to 20, and, especially preferably, an integer in the range of from 0 to 10. This is due to the fact that when the value of n exceeds the upper limit of the above-mentioned range, the toughness of the resultant composition, or the adhesive properties of the cured product, tend to deteriorate. It is most preferable that n is 1 to 4, particularly, 1 , that is, the component (B) represents trisiloxane.
• Component (B) is preferably present in an amount of 1 to 30 % by weight, more preferably 10 to 30 % by weight, particularly prefered, 15 to 25 % by weight, based on the sum of the amount of components (A) and (B). It is preferable that the molar ratio of Si-H groups in component (B)/ alkenyl groups, for example, vinyl groups, in component (A) is 1 to 1.2 to reduce the reactive residual silicone hydride.
• the composition of the present invention comprises 18 to 25 wt.%, more preferably 20 to 22 wt.%, of Component (B), based on the total weight of the composition.
• Component (C) is a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst.
• the hydrosilylation reaction catalyst of component (C) is used to promote the reaction of the alkenyl groups of component (A) with the silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms of component (B).
• component (C) examples include platinum catalysts, rhodium catalysts, and palladium catalysts. Platinum catalysts are preferable because of their ability to significantly stimulate the cure of the present composition. Examples of the platinum catalysts include platinum micropowder, chloroplatinic acid, alcohol solutions of chloroplatinic acid, platinum/alkenylsiloxane complexes, platinum/olefin complexes, and platinum/carbonyl complexes, preferably, platinum/alkenylsiloxane complexes.
• alkenylsiloxanes examples include l,3-divinyl-l ,l,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, l,3,5,7-tetramethyl-l,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, alkenylsiloxanes obtained by substituting groups such as ethyl, phenyl etc. for some of the methyl groups of the above-mentioned alkenylsiloxanes, and alkenylsiloxanes obtained by substituting groups such as allyl, hexenyl, etc. for the vinyl groups of the above-mentioned alkenylsiloxanes.
• l,3-divinyl-l,l,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane is particularly preferable because of the excellent stability of the platinum/alkenylsiloxane complex. Also, due to the improvement in the stability of the complex that their addition may bring, it is desirable to add l ,3-divinyl-l,l,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, 1 ,3-diallyl-l , 1 ,3,3- tetramethyldisiloxane, 1 ,3 -divinyl- 1,3 -dimethyl- 1 ,3-diphenyldisiloxane, 1 ,3-divinyl- 1 , 1 ,3,3-tetraphenyldisiloxane, 1 ,3,5,7-tetramethyl-l ,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane and other alkenylsiloxanes and organosiloxane
• component (C) is preferably present in an amount resulting in a platinum content of 0.05 to 100 ppm (parts per million) by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 10 ppm by weight, particularly preferred 0.1 to 5 ppm by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the total of components (A) and (B).
• component (C) when the content of component (C) is below the lower limit of the above-mentioned range, the present composition tends to fail to completely cure, and, on the other hand, when it exceeds the upper limit of the above-mentioned range, problems may arise in terms imparting various colors to the resultant cured product.
• Component (D) is an additive, which is a low molecular weight siloxane having at least one silicon-bonded alkenyl group per molecule, represented by the average formula
• each R 5 can be the same or different and is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, wherein at least one of R 5 per molecule is an alkenyl group, with the proviso that the ratio between alkenyl groups and silicon atoms is from 0.3 to 1,
• f, g, h, and i are independently 0 or positive, and
• the weight average molecular weight Mw of the siloxane is less than 1 ,000 g/mol, preferably less than 800 g/mol, more preferably less than 500 g/mol.
• component (D) is selected from the group consisting of D a eny 4 , M alkenyl 4 Q, M alkenyl 6 Q 2 , M alkenyl 3 T.
• the alkenyl group is vinyl.
• Particularly preferred as component (D) are cyclotetrasiloxane D Vl 4, and M Vl 4Q, especially D Vl 4 .
• component (D) serves to react with an unreacted site (Si-H), thereby protecting additional reaction of the unreacted site due to heat or light.
• color change and mechanical strength change to high temperature may be remarkably reduced.
• composition according to prior art which has no component (D)
• materials often show an increase in hardness after curing during storage at high temperature, which can be attributed to a post-curing reaction of remaining reactive sites and/or show a weight loss by evaporation of low molecular weight species that did not crosslink into the polymer network. Due to the change in hardness and weight loss, the materials were not stable under operating conditions.
• a reaction of component (D) with unreacted site (Si-H) leads to better stability such as less change in hardness, low weight loss, and discoloration, at high temperature.
• Component (D) also gives a filling effect, which makes it possible to lower gas and vapor transmission.
• the encapsulant further comprising component (D) provides stablity to sulfur and such effect is expected to be obtained from the filing effect. As a result, an LED package with excellent reliability may be obtained.
• Component (D) is both reactive and small enough to react with residual silicone hydride. At the same time, component (D) crosslinks into the siloxane network and thus does not increase the proportion of volatile components in the cured material.
• Component (D) is preferably used in an amount of at most 10 parts by weight, more preferably at most 7 parts by weight, and even more preferably at most 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the total of components (A) and (B). If component (D) is included in higher amounts, compatibility with the other components would be lower and thus, transmittance would be lower.
• component (D) is used in an amount of at least 1 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the total of components (A) and (B). The amount of the component (D) may be adequately selected in consideration of the specific formulation and the feature.
• the composition of the present invention comprises 1 to 5 wt.%, more preferably 2 to 4 wt.%, of Component (D), based on the total weight of the composition.
• the curable silicone composition of the present invention may not comprise as flexibilizing units, a linear organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon-bonded alkenyl groups and at least one silicon-bonded aryl group per molecule. It is assumed that since bulky branched organopolysiloxane such as component (A) is used as resin instead of a linear organopolysiloxane, the present curable silicone composition provides excellent hardness and toughness. That is, bulky branched organopolysiloxane is directly connected to unreacted Si-H site.
• the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention may further comprise a crosslinking agent, which is generally used in this field.
• the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention may further comprise a curing inhibitor, a catalyst, and a phosphor, which are generally used in this field.
• the present composition may also contain silica, glass, quartz, cristobalit, alumina, zinc oxide and other inorganic fillers; micropowders of organic resins such as polymethacrylate resin; heat-stabilizers, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, solvents, etc. as optional components, so long as this does not impair the purpose of this invention.
• organic resins such as polymethacrylate resin
• heat-stabilizers, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, solvents, etc. as optional components, so long as this does not impair the purpose of this invention.
• compositions described above may be prepared by mixing the components generally used in this art, for example, by mixing all the components at ambient temperature.
• An LED encapsulant of the present invention comprises the curable organopolysiloxane composition as described above.
• Encapsulation for light emitting devices in the present invention is well known to the art and may be used in the present invention. For example, casting, dispensing, molding may be used.
• semiconductor elements are coated with a cured product of the curable organopolysiloxane composition as described above.
• Such semiconductor elements are exemplified by semiconductor elements used in diodes, transistors, thyristors, solid-state image pickup elements, monolithic ICs and in hydride ICs.
• semiconductor elements are light- emitting elements.
• Examples of such semiconductor devices included diodes, light-emitting diodes, transistors, thyristors, photocouplers, CCDs, monolithic IICs, hybrid ICs, LSIs, and VLSIs. Examples
• Solvent C 6 D 6 99,8%d/CCl 4 1 : 1 v/v with 1 % w/w Cr(acac) 3 as reagent for relaxation
• Sample concentration ca. 2 g / 1.5 mL solvent in 10 mm NMR tube
• Viscosity data is measured with a rheometer model MCR302 manufactured by the company Anton Paar, D-Ostfildern, according to DIN EN ISO 3219 in rotation with a cone-plate measurement system. Measurements were performed in a range where the samples behavior is newtonian. Viscosity data are given for a temperature of 25 °C and an ambient pressure of 1013 mbar.
• Ethanol was distilled at 40 °C under vacuum and 1 L ethylacetate and 50 g sodium chloride were added. The aqueous phase was removed and the organic phase was washed three times with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried with magnesium sulfate and was filtrated with press filter equipment. After removal of the solvent in vacuum, 470 g of a colorless, highly viscous product were obtained. Weight average molecular weight Mw is 2,546 g/mol, The results of 29 Si NMR are ViMe 2 SiOi 2 : 16.6 %, Me 2 Si0 2/2 : 9.7 %, Ph(OR)Si0 2 2 : 12. 8 % and PhSi0 3/2 : 60.9 %.
• curable organopolysiloxane compositions according to examples 2 to 4 were prepared in the same manner in example 1 except that components A and B were used in an amount as shown in following table 1.
• curable organopolysiloxane compositions according to examples 5 to 10 were prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that component D was used in an amount as shown in following table 2.
• the curable organopolysiloxane composition according to comparative example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that component D was not used as shown in following table 2. [Table 2]
• the composition according to example 1 shows high elongation and good tensile strength when compared with the composition according to comparative example 1. It reveals that the composition according to example 1 is tougher and more flexible than the composition according to comparative example 1.
• the composition according to example 1 shows good sulfur resistance when compared with the composition according to comparative example 1 ,
• thermal stability test was conducted. Specimens of cured silicone are prepared and stored at 200 °C. Transmittance and yellow index of the specimens is measured before and after exposure to high temperature. The result is shown in the Fig. 4.
• the composition according to example 1 shows no color change at 200 °C, whereas the composition according to comparative example 1 shows color change.
• thermo stability test was conducted in the same manner as in experimental example 5. The result is shown in the Fig, 5.
• the composition according to example 1 shows almost no change of hardness and weight at 200 °C, whereas the composition according to comparative example 1 shows increase of hardness and weight.

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