WO2018024144A1 - Synergistic fungicidal composition - Google Patents

Synergistic fungicidal composition Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018024144A1
WO2018024144A1 PCT/CN2017/094623 CN2017094623W WO2018024144A1 WO 2018024144 A1 WO2018024144 A1 WO 2018024144A1 CN 2017094623 W CN2017094623 W CN 2017094623W WO 2018024144 A1 WO2018024144 A1 WO 2018024144A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
boscalid
component
crystalline modification
anhydrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/094623
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
James Timothy BRISTOW
Original Assignee
Jiangsu Rotam Chemistry Co., Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Jiangsu Rotam Chemistry Co., Ltd filed Critical Jiangsu Rotam Chemistry Co., Ltd
Priority to BR112017022486A priority Critical patent/BR112017022486A2/en
Priority to CN201780045709.5A priority patent/CN109561688A/en
Publication of WO2018024144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018024144A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
    • C07D213/82—Amides; Imides in position 3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising two or more fungicidally active components.
  • the composition may be used for preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and plant parts.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and plant parts comprising applying to the plants, plant parts, or their locus a combination of the aforementioned active components, including (1) preparing the synergistic fungicidal composition; and (2) applying the synergistic fungicidal composition on the plants or plant parts or on a locus.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a combination of the aforementioned active components and the synergistic fungicidal composition in the treatment and/or prevention of fungal infestations in plants.
  • the crystalline modification I of the anhydrate of boscalid is, however, hard to mill in water. As a result, it is not a simple task to directly formulate the crystalline modification I into formulations which require grinding/milling processes.
  • Such formulations where the boscalid material is required to be ground and/or milled are, for example, granules, encapsulated granules, tablets, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, water-dispersible powders, including water-dispersible powders for seed treatment, dust formulations, and formulations in which the active compound is present in a dispersed form, such as, for example suspension concentrates, oil-based suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, and suspension concentrates for seed treatment.
  • Triazoles are a class of systemic fungicides that enter the plant and spread from the site of application to untreated or newly grown area, uprooting existing fungi or protecting the plant from future attacks.
  • the mechanism of action of the triazole fungicides is due to their ability to interfere with the biosynthesis of biosteroids or to inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol.
  • Ergosterol is needed for membrane structure and function and is essential for the development of functional cell walls by fungi.
  • the application of triazoles results in abnormal fungal growth and eventually death.
  • Fungicidally active triazoles are known in the art.
  • Examples of fungicidally active triazoles are azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, amitrol, bitertanol, climbazo
  • Strobilurin fungicides are a well-known class of fungicides with a broad spectrum of disease control.
  • the strobilurin fungicides are extracted from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus. They have a suppressive effect on other fungi, reducing competition for nutrients. In particular, they inhibit electron transfer between cytochrome b and cytochrome C1 at the ubiquinol oxidising site in mitochondria, disrupting the metabolism and preventing growth of the target fungi.
  • strobilurins are fluoxastrobin, mandestrobin, azoxystrobin, bifujunzhi, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, famoxadone and fenamidone.
  • the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition for preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and plant parts, the composition comprising components:
  • the present invention also provides in a further aspect a method for preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and/or plant parts, the method comprising applying to the plants, plant parts and/or their locus the components:
  • the present invention provides the use in the prevention and/or treatment of fungal infestations in plants and/or plant parts the components:
  • the method and use of the present invention employ a synergistic composition of the present invention.
  • Plant refers to all plant and plant populations such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants.
  • Plant parts refers to all parts and organs of plants, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes.
  • Harvested materials, and vegetative and generative propagation materials for example, cuttings, tubers, meristem tissue, rhizomes, offsets, seeds, single and multiple plant cells and any other plant tissues, are also included.
  • Locus refers to the place on which the plants are growing, the place at which the plant propagation materials of the plants are sown or the place at which the plant propagation materials of the plants will be sown.
  • At least one designates a number of the respective compounds or components of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more, preferably 1, 2, or 3.
  • the components (A) and (B) may be applied to the locus before and/or after the plants and/or plant propagation materials have been planted or sown at the locus.
  • the crystalline modification II of boscalid as used herein refers to the crystalline modification of the anhydrate disclosed in US 2006/0154825, the content of which is incorporated herein by way of reference.
  • US 2006/0154825 describes that the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid may be prepared by a process comprising:
  • a, b, c edge lengths of the unit cell
  • Z number of molecules in the unit cell.
  • the present invention employs a fungicidally active triazole.
  • Any suitable fungicidally active triazole may be employed.
  • the triazole is preferably one or more selected from azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole
  • the present invention employs a fungicidally active strobilurin.
  • the strobilurin may used in place of or in addition to the triazole fungicide. Any suitable fungicidally active strobulurin may be employed.
  • the strobilurin is preferably one or more selected from fluoxastrobin, mandestrobin, azoxystrobin, bifujunzhi, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, famoxadone and fenamidone.
  • a particularly preferred strobilurin is picoxystrobin.
  • the synergistic fungicidal composition, method and use of the present invention are suitable for treating and protecting a wide range of plants.
  • the present invention is of significant advantage in treating and protecting plants of a range of crops.
  • Crops which may be treated include cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops; fruit, such as pome fruit, stone fruit and soft fruit, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, pistachios, almonds, cherries, and berries, for example vines, strawberries, bushberries, caneberries, raspberries and blackberries; leguminous plants, such as beans, lentils, peas and soybeans; oil plants, such as oilseed rape, mustard and sunflowers; cucurbitaceae, such as cantaloupe, marrows, cucumbers, melons, pumpkin, squash and watermelon; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit and mandarins; and vegetables,
  • compositions, method and use of the present invention can be used in the agricultural sector and related fields of use for preventing and/or treating fungal infestations caused by a wide range of pathogens, for example:
  • Botrytis Sclerotinia, for example Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Alternaria, for example Alternaria brassicae; Phoma, for example Phoma lingam; Septoria for example Septoria nodorum and Septoria tritici; Erysiphe, for example Erysiphe graminis; Puccinia, for example Puccinia stiiformis, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia hordei, Puccinia avenae, Puccinia triticina and Puccinia graminis; Fusarium, for example Fusarium pseudograminearum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium roseum; Cladosporium; Rhynchosporium, for example Rhynchosporium secalis; Pyrenophora, for example Pyrenophora teres; Cylindr
  • the present invention is particularly advantageous in the control of Septoria tritici; Puccinia sp., for example Puccinia asparagi, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia horiana, Puccinia mariae-wilsoniae, Puccinia poarum, Puccinia psidii, Puccinia recondite, Puccinia sessilis, Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia triticina; Pyrenophora teres; Stagonosporopsis andigena; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Plasmopara viticola; and Botrytis cinerea, more particularly Septoria tritici, Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis var.
  • Puccinia sp. for example Puccinia asparagi, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia horiana, Puccinia mariae-wilsoniae
  • the crystalline modification II of boscalid may be present in the synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention in any suitable amount, and is generally present in an amount of from about 1%to about 80%by weight of the composition, preferably from about 1%to about 60%by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 1%to about 50%, still more preferably from about 1%to about 40%, more preferably still from about 1%to about 30%, especially from about 1%to about 20%, more especially from about 1%to about 10%by weight of the composition.
  • the one or more triazole fungicides may be present in the synergistic fungicidal composition in any suitable amount, and are generally present in an amount of from about 1%to about 80%by weight of the composition, preferably from about 1%to about 60%by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 1%to about 50%, still more preferably from about 1 %to about 40%, more preferably still from about 1%to about 30%, especially from about 1%to about 20%, more especially from about 1%to about 10%by weight of the composition.
  • the one or more strobilurin fungicides may be present in the synergistic fungicidal composition in any suitable amount, and are generally present in an amount of from about 1%to about 80%by weight of the composition, preferably from about 1%to about 60%by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 1%to about 50%, still more preferably from about 1%to about 40%, more preferably still from about 1%to about 30%, especially from about 1%to about 20%, more especially from about 1%to about 10%by weight of the composition.
  • the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid and triazoles and/or strobilurin fungicides may be employed in any suitable weight ratio that provides the synergistic effect referred to above.
  • the weight ratio of the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid to the total amount of the triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides is preferably in the range of from about 25: 1 to about 1: 25, about 20:1 to about 1: 20, or about 15: 1 to about 1: 15, more preferably from about 10: 1 to about 1:10, from about 9: 1 to about 1: 9, from about 8: 1 to about 1: 8, from about 7: 1 to about 1: 7, still more preferably from about 6: 1 to about 1: 6, from about 5: 1 to about 1: 5, from about 4: 1 to about 1: 4, or about 3: 1 to about 1: 3, or from about 2: 1 to about 1: 2.
  • compositions, method and use of the present invention employ the crystalline modification II of boscalid in combination with one or more triazoles and/or one or more strobilurin fungicides.
  • the crystalline modification II of boscalid is employed with both a triazole and a strobilurin.
  • the crystalline modification II of boscalid is employed with either one or more triazoles or one or more strobilurin fungicides.
  • compositions, method and use of the present invention employ the following combinations of components:
  • compositions of the present invention may be produced in conventional manner and provided in any suitable formulation, for example by mixing the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid with the one or more triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides, together with one or more auxiliaries appropriate for the type of formulation.
  • auxiliaries which may be comprised in the composition of the invention are all customary formulation adjuvants or components, such as one or more extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adherents and inert fillers.
  • auxiliaries are known in the art and are commercially available. Their use in the formulation of the compositions of the present invention will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.
  • Formulation types suitable for the compositions of the present invention include water-soluble concentrates (SL) , emulsifiable concentrates (EC) , emulsions (EW) , micro-emulsions (ME) , suspension concentrates (SC) , oil-based suspension concentrates (OD) , flowable suspensions (FS) , water-dispersible granules (WG) , water-soluble granules (SG) , water-dispersible powders (WP) , water soluble powders (SP) , granules (GR) , encapsulated granules (CG) , fine granules (FG) , macrogranules (GG) , aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE) , capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG) .
  • the composition is formulated as a suspension concentrate (SC) , a water-dispersible powder (WP) or as water-dispersible powder (
  • the fungicidal composition may comprise one or more inert fillers.
  • inert fillers are known in the art and available commercially. Suitable fillers include, for example, natural ground minerals, such as kaolins, aluminas, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, or synthetic ground minerals, such as highly dispersed silicic acid, aluminum oxide, silicates, and calcium phosphates and calcium hydrogen phosphates.
  • Suitable inert fillers for granules include, for example, crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, and dolomite, or synthetic granules of inorganic and organic ground materials, as well as granules of organic material, such as sawdust, coconut husks, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks.
  • the fungicidal compositions of the present invention optionally include one or more surfactants, which are preferably non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic in nature, and surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties, depending on the nature of the active compound to be formulated.
  • surfactants are known in the art and are commercially available.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants can be both so-called water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds.
  • Soaps which may be used in the composition are the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acid (C 10 -C 22 ) , for example the sodium or potassium salt of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures.
  • the surfactant can be an emulsifier, dispersant or wetting agent of ionic or nonionic type.
  • Examples which may be used are salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenylsulphonic or naphthalenesulphonic acids, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols, especially alkylphenols, sulphosuccinic ester salts, taurine derivatives, especially alkyltaurates, or phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated phenols or alcohols.
  • the presence of at least one surfactant is generally required when the active compound and/or the inert carrier and/or auxiliary/adjuvant are insoluble in water and the vehicle for the final application of the composition is water.
  • the fungicidal compositions of the present invention optionally further comprise one or more polymeric stabilizers.
  • the suitable polymeric stabilizers that may be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins, polyacrylates, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethanes or polyamides. Suitable stabilizers are known in the art and commercially available.
  • surfactants and polymeric stabilizers mentioned above are generally believed to impart stability to the composition, in turn allowing the composition to be formulated, stored, transported and applied.
  • Suitable anti-foam agents include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Suitable anti-foam agents are known in the art and are available commercially. Particularly preferred antifoam agents are mixtures of polydimethylsiloxanes and perfluroalkylphosphonic acids, such as the silicone anti-foam agents available from GE or Compton.
  • Suitable organic solvents that may be used in the compositions may be selected from all customary organic solvents, which thoroughly dissolve one or more of the active compounds employed. Again, suitable organic solvents for the active compounds in the compositions of the present invention are known in the art. The following may be mentioned as being preferred: N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-octyl pyrrolidone, cyclohexyl-1-pyrrolidone; or a mixture of paraffinic, isoparaffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as SOLVESSO TM 200. Suitable solvents are commercially available.
  • Suitable preservatives include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions of this type and again are well known in the art. Suitable examples that may be mentioned include (from Bayer AG) and (from Bayer AG) .
  • Suitable antioxidants are all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions, as is known in the art. Preference is given to butylated hydroxytoluene.
  • Suitable thickeners include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Suitable thickeners include, for example xanthan gum, PVOH, cellulose and its derivatives, clay hydrated silicates, magnesium aluminum silicates or a mixture thereof. Again, such thickeners are known in the art and available commercially.
  • the fungicidal composition of the present invention may further comprise one or more solid adherents.
  • adherents are known in the art and are available commercially. They include organic adhesives, including tackifiers, such as celluloses or substituted celluloses, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules, or lattices, and inorganic adhesives, such as gypsum, silica, or cement.
  • composition according to the invention may also comprise water.
  • compositions of the present invention may be applied in any suitable form, such as in spray form, for example, employing appropriate dilutions.
  • the rates of application (use) of the components (A) and (B) in the compositions, method and use of the present invention may vary, for example, according to such factors as type of use, soil type, season, climate, soil ecology, type of plants, but are such that the crystalline modification II of boscalid and the one or more triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides are applied in an effective amount to provide the desired action.
  • the application rate of the composition for a given set of conditions can readily be determined by conducting trials.
  • the application rate of the total amount of the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid and the one or more triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides typically lies in the range of from about 50 to about 1500 gram per hectare (g/ha) .
  • satisfactory results will be obtained when employing from about 80 to about 1000 g/ha, for examlpe about 50 to about 400 gram per hectare, preferably from about 100 to about 250 g/ha, of the crystalline modification II of boscalid and from about 1 to about 800 g/ha, preferably from about 10 to about 400 g/ha, of the one or more triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides.
  • compositions and formulations can be applied using the methods known in the art. Methods include coating, spraying, dipping, soaking, injection, irrigation, and the like.
  • Components (A) and (B) can be applied to the plants, plant parts and/or their locus where control is desired simultaneously and/or in succession, preferably at short intervals, for example on the same day.
  • the components (A) and (B) may be applied to the plant, one or more parts thereof (such as leaves or seeds) , and/or their locus in any order.
  • Each component may be applied just once or a plurality of times.
  • each of the components (A) and (B) is applied a plurality of times, in particular from 2 to 5 times.
  • compositions (A) and (B) may be applied in any suitable form, as described above.
  • the active components will be applied as formulations, that is compositions comprising one or more of the active components together with further carriers, surfactants or other application-promoting adjuvants customarily employed in formulation technology, as discussed above.
  • components (A) and (B) are applied simultaneously in the present invention, they may be applied as a composition containing components (A) and (B) , in which case components (A) and (B) can be obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together (known as a tank-mix, ready-to-apply, spray broth, or slurry) , optionally with other pesticides, or components (A) and (B) can be obtained as a single formulation mixture source (known as a pre-mix, concentrate, formulated compound (or product) ) , and optionally mixed together with other pesticides, in particular as a composition of the present invention.
  • a separate formulation source known as a tank-mix, ready-to-apply, spray broth, or slurry
  • components (A) and (B) can be obtained as a single formulation mixture source (known as a pre-mix, concentrate, formulated compound (or product) ) , and optionally mixed together with other pesticides, in particular as a composition of the present invention.
  • compositions according to the invention are distinguished by the fact that they are especially well tolerated by plants and are environmentally friendly.
  • composition according to the invention is especially advantageous for the treatment of plants.
  • Examples 1 to 10 and 15 to 18 are comparative examples.
  • Examples 11 to 14 and 19 to 22 are examples of compositions of the present invention.
  • the finely ground active ingredients were intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution could be obtained by dilution with water.
  • Adjuvants included 10%Propylene glycol, 1%Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, 2%Sodium lignosulfonate, 2%Carboxymethylcellulose, 1%Silicone oil (in the form of a 75%emulsion in water) , 0.2%Xanthan gum, 0.2%NIPACIDE BIT 20, Water (Balance to 1L) .
  • the expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated by the so called “Colby equation” (see S.R. Colby, “Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations” , Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22) :
  • A the activity percentage of compound A when active compound A is empolyed at an application rate of m g/ha;
  • E the percentage of estimated activity when compounds A and B are empolyed together at an application rate of m g/ha and n g/ha;
  • Young wheat plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Septoria tritici, and incubated at 20°C and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
  • the compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 14 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants.
  • the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15°C and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
  • the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid.
  • the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
  • Young wheat plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Puccinia triticina, and incubated at 20°C and 100 %relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
  • the compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants.
  • the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15°C and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
  • Young barley plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Puccinia graminis, and incubated at 20°C and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
  • the compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants.
  • the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15°C and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
  • Young wheat plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Puccinia striiformis, and incubated at 20°C and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
  • the compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 14 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants.
  • the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15°C and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
  • the results are set out in Table 5 below.
  • the severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
  • the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid.
  • the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
  • Young barley plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Pyrenophora teres, and incubated at 20°C and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
  • the compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 14 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants.
  • the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15°C and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
  • the results are set out in Table 6 below.
  • the severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
  • Young oilseed rape plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Stagonosporopsis andigena, and incubated at 20°C and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
  • the compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants.
  • the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15°C and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
  • the results are set out in Table 7 below.
  • the severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
  • Young oilseed rape plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and incubated at 20°C and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
  • the compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants.
  • the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15°C and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
  • the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid.
  • the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
  • Young vine plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Plasmopara viticola, and incubated at 20°C and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
  • the compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants.
  • the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15°C and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
  • Young vine plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Botrytis cinerea, and incubated at 20°C and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours.
  • the compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 14 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants.
  • the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15°C and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
  • the results are set out in Table 10 below.
  • the severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
  • the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid.
  • the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.

Abstract

A fungicidal composition exhibiting a synergistic effect is provided, the composition comprising as a component (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N-(4'chloro[1,1'biphenyl]-2-yl) (boscalid), and as a component (B) at least one triazole fungicide and/or at least one strobilurin fungicide. There is also provided the use of component (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N-(4'chloro[1,1'biphenyl]-2-yl) (boscalid), and component (B) at least one triazole fungicide and/or at least one strobilurin fungicide for preventing or treating fungal infestations of plants, plant parts or a locus. Still further, there is provided a method for controlling harmful fungi comprising applying to plants, plant parts or their locus as component (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N-(4'chloro[1,1'biphenyl]-2-yl) (boscalid), and as component (B) at least one triazole fungicide and/or at least one strobilurin fungicide.

Description

A SYNERGISTIC FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority to GB Patent Application No. 1613455.3, titled “A SYNERGISTIC FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION” , filed with GB Intellectual Property Office on August 4, 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD
The present invention relates to a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising two or more fungicidally active components. The composition may be used for preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and plant parts. The present invention also relates to a method of preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and plant parts comprising applying to the plants, plant parts, or their locus a combination of the aforementioned active components, including (1) preparing the synergistic fungicidal composition； and (2) applying the synergistic fungicidal composition on the plants or plant parts or on a locus. The present invention also relates to the use of a combination of the aforementioned active components and the synergistic fungicidal composition in the treatment and/or prevention of fungal infestations in plants.
BACKGROUND
The compound, 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N- (4’ chloro [1, 1’ biphenyl] -2-yl) , having the common name boscalid, has been firstly described in US 5,330,995. The crystalline modification I of the anhydrate of boscalid, having a melting point from 144 to 145℃, is known. This crystalline modification is discussed in US 7,501,384.
The crystalline modification I of the anhydrate of boscalid is, however, hard to mill in water. As a result, it is not a simple task to directly formulate the crystalline modification I into formulations which require grinding/milling processes. Such formulations where the boscalid material is required to be ground and/or milled are, for example, granules, encapsulated granules, tablets, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, water-dispersible powders, including water-dispersible powders for seed treatment, dust  formulations, and formulations in which the active compound is present in a dispersed form, such as, for example suspension concentrates, oil-based suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, and suspension concentrates for seed treatment. Hydration of the crystalline modification I of boscalid is needed prior to formulating the material into a suspension concentrate (SC) . As suggested in US 7,501,384, the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid is more suitable for making formulations which require grinding/milling processes.
Experience with the single active straight formulation fungicides worldwide indicates that there is a high risk of development of resistance amongst the target pathogens. Resistance has been reported worldwide in an increasing number of fungal pathogens of field crops, fruit, vegetable, and so on. Employing a mixture of different class of fungicides can reduce selection pressure towards resistance.
Triazoles are a class of systemic fungicides that enter the plant and spread from the site of application to untreated or newly grown area, uprooting existing fungi or protecting the plant from future attacks. The mechanism of action of the triazole fungicides is due to their ability to interfere with the biosynthesis of biosteroids or to inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol. Ergosterol is needed for membrane structure and function and is essential for the development of functional cell walls by fungi. The application of triazoles results in abnormal fungal growth and eventually death.
Fungicidally active triazoles are known in the art. Examples of fungicidally active triazoles are azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, amitrol, bitertanol, climbazole, clotrimazole, fluotrimazole, paclobutrazol, triazbutil and 1- (4-fluorophenyl) -2- (1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-1-yl) ethanone.
Strobilurin fungicides are a well-known class of fungicides with a broad spectrum of disease control. The strobilurin fungicides are extracted from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus. They have a suppressive effect on other fungi, reducing competition for nutrients. In particular, they inhibit electron transfer between cytochrome b and cytochrome C1 at the  ubiquinol oxidising site in mitochondria, disrupting the metabolism and preventing growth of the target fungi. Examples of strobilurins are fluoxastrobin, mandestrobin, azoxystrobin, bifujunzhi, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, famoxadone and fenamidone.
We surprisingly found that by combining the crystalline modification II of the anhdyrate of boscalid with one or more triazole and/or strobilurin fungicides an increased, synergistic fungicidal activity was achieved.
SUMMARY
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition for preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and plant parts, the composition comprising components:
(A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N- (4’ chloro [1, 1’ biphenyl] -2-yl) (boscalid) ； and
(B) at least one triazole fungicide and/or at least one strobilurin fungicide.
The present invention also provides in a further aspect a method for preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and/or plant parts, the method comprising applying to the plants, plant parts and/or their locus the components:
(A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N- (4’ chloro [1, 1’ biphenyl] -2-yl) (boscalid) ； and
(B) at least one triazole fungicide and/or at least one strobilurin fungicide.
In a still further aspect, the present invention provides the use in the prevention and/or treatment of fungal infestations in plants and/or plant parts the components:
(A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N- (4’ chloro [1, 1’ biphenyl] -2-yl) (boscalid) ； and
(B) at least one triazole fungicide and/or at least one strobilurin fungicide.
In one preferred embodiment, the method and use of the present invention employ a synergistic composition of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
"Plant" as used herein, refers to all plant and plant populations such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants.
"Plant parts" as used herein, refers to all parts and organs of plants, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. Harvested materials, and vegetative and generative propagation materials, for example, cuttings, tubers, meristem tissue, rhizomes, offsets, seeds, single and multiple plant cells and any other plant tissues, are also included.
“Locus” as used herein, refers to the place on which the plants are growing, the place at which the plant propagation materials of the plants are sown or the place at which the plant propagation materials of the plants will be sown.
“At least one” designates a number of the respective compounds or components of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more, preferably 1, 2, or 3.
In the method and use of the present invention, the components (A) and (B) may be applied to the locus before and/or after the plants and/or plant propagation materials have been planted or sown at the locus.
The crystalline modification II of boscalid as used herein, refers to the crystalline modification of the anhydrate disclosed in US 2006/0154825, the content of which is incorporated herein by way of reference. US 2006/0154825 describes that the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid may be prepared by a process comprising:
a) dissolving the anhydrate of the crystalline modification I of boscalid in a polar organic solvent or an aromatic hydrocarbon； and
b) precipitation of the anhydrate of the crystalline modification II of boscalid by cooling the solvent.
US 2006/0154825 describes the crystalline modification II of boscalid as having the following properties:
Molecular weight [g/mol] :      342
Melting point [℃] (DSC) :      147.2
Heat of fusion [J/g] (DSC) :    106
Density [g/cm3] :               1.457
Characteristic IR bands [cm-1] : 868, 917, 1675
The cell parameters from the crystallographic investigations of the crystalline modification II of boscalid using a single crystal diffractometer from Siemens are given in US 2006/0154825 as follows:
Class:                 Monoclinic
Space group:           P21/c 
a:                     1162.5 (6) pm
b:                     1134.2 (4) pm
c:                     1283.2 (5) pm
α:                    90°
β:                    114.52 (4) °
γ:                    90°
Volume:                1.5390 nm-3
Z:                     4
Density (calculated) : 1.481 mg/m-3
R1, wR2:                0.0489； 0.1264
The parameters indicated above have the following meanings:
a, b, c ＝ edge lengths of the unit cell；
α, β, γ ＝ corresponding angles； and
Z ＝ number of molecules in the unit cell.
As indicated above, the present invention employs a fungicidally active triazole. Any suitable fungicidally active triazole may be employed. The triazole is preferably one or more selected from azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole,  fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, amitrol, bitertanol, climbazole, clotrimazole, fluotrimazole, paclobutrazol, triazbutil and 1- (4-fluorophenyl) -2- (1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-1-yl) ethanone. Particularly preferred triazoles are prothioconazole, cyproconazole and metconazole.
As also indicated above, the present invention employs a fungicidally active strobilurin. The strobilurin may used in place of or in addition to the triazole fungicide. Any suitable fungicidally active strobulurin may be employed. The strobilurin is preferably one or more selected from fluoxastrobin, mandestrobin, azoxystrobin, bifujunzhi, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, famoxadone and fenamidone. A particularly preferred strobilurin is picoxystrobin.
The synergistic fungicidal composition, method and use of the present invention are suitable for treating and protecting a wide range of plants. In particular, the present invention is of significant advantage in treating and protecting plants of a range of crops. Crops which may be treated include cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops； fruit, such as pome fruit, stone fruit and soft fruit, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, pistachios, almonds, cherries, and berries, for example vines, strawberries, bushberries, caneberries, raspberries and blackberries； leguminous plants, such as beans, lentils, peas and soybeans； oil plants, such as oilseed rape, mustard and sunflowers； cucurbitaceae, such as cantaloupe, marrows, cucumbers, melons, pumpkin, squash and watermelon； citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit and mandarins； and vegetables, such as spinach, lettuces, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika, garlic and leeks； coffee； sugarcane； hops； and tree nuts； as well as ornamentals, such as flowers, for example rose, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens, for example conifers. The composition, method and use of the present invention are particularly advantageous when applied to cereals, fruits and oil plants, more preferably wheat, barley, vine and oilseed rape.
The compositions, method and use of the present invention can be used in the  agricultural sector and related fields of use for preventing and/or treating fungal infestations caused by a wide range of pathogens, for example:
Botrytis, Sclerotinia, for example Sclerotinia sclerotiorum； Alternaria, for example Alternaria brassicae； Phoma, for example Phoma lingam； Septoria for example Septoria nodorum and Septoria tritici； Erysiphe, for example Erysiphe graminis； Puccinia, for example Puccinia stiiformis, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia hordei, Puccinia avenae, Puccinia triticina and Puccinia graminis； Fusarium, for example Fusarium pseudograminearum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium roseum； Cladosporium； Rhynchosporium, for example Rhynchosporium secalis； Pyrenophora, for example Pyrenophora teres； Cylindrosporium； Tapesia, for example Tapesia yallundae and Tapesia acuformis； Ramulispora, for example Ramulispora herpotrichoides and Ramulispora acuformis； Leptosphaeria； and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides.
The present invention is particularly advantageous in the control of Septoria tritici； Puccinia sp., for example Puccinia asparagi, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia horiana, Puccinia mariae-wilsoniae, Puccinia poarum, Puccinia psidii, Puccinia recondite, Puccinia sessilis, Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia triticina； Pyrenophora teres； Stagonosporopsis andigena； Sclerotinia sclerotiorum； Plasmopara viticola； and Botrytis cinerea, more particularly Septoria tritici, Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis on wheat； Puccinia graminis, Pyrenophora teres on barley； Stagonosporopsis andigena, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on oilseed rape； and plasmopara viticola, botrytis cinerea on vines.
The crystalline modification II of boscalid may be present in the synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention in any suitable amount, and is generally present in an amount of from about 1％to about 80％by weight of the composition, preferably from about 1％to about 60％by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 1％to about 50％, still more preferably from about 1％to about 40％, more preferably still from about 1％to about 30％, especially from about 1％to about 20％, more especially from about 1％to about 10％by weight of the composition.
The one or more triazole fungicides may be present in the synergistic fungicidal composition in any suitable amount, and are generally present in an amount of from about 1％to about 80％by weight of the composition, preferably from about 1％to about 60％by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 1％to about 50％, still more  preferably from about 1 ％to about 40％, more preferably still from about 1％to about 30％, especially from about 1％to about 20％, more especially from about 1％to about 10％by weight of the composition.
The one or more strobilurin fungicides may be present in the synergistic fungicidal composition in any suitable amount, and are generally present in an amount of from about 1％to about 80％by weight of the composition, preferably from about 1％to about 60％by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 1％to about 50％, still more preferably from about 1％to about 40％, more preferably still from about 1％to about 30％, especially from about 1％to about 20％, more especially from about 1％to about 10％by weight of the composition.
The crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid and triazoles and/or strobilurin fungicides may be employed in any suitable weight ratio that provides the synergistic effect referred to above. In particular, the weight ratio of the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid to the total amount of the triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides is preferably in the range of from about 25: 1 to about 1: 25, about 20:1 to about 1: 20, or about 15: 1 to about 1: 15, more preferably from about 10: 1 to about 1:10, from about 9: 1 to about 1: 9, from about 8: 1 to about 1: 8, from about 7: 1 to about 1: 7, still more preferably from about 6: 1 to about 1: 6, from about 5: 1 to about 1: 5, from about 4: 1 to about 1: 4, or about 3: 1 to about 1: 3, or from about 2: 1 to about 1: 2.
As noted above, the compositions, method and use of the present invention employ the crystalline modification II of boscalid in combination with one or more triazoles and/or one or more strobilurin fungicides. In some embodiments, the crystalline modification II of boscalid is employed with both a triazole and a strobilurin. In more preferred embodiments, the crystalline modification II of boscalid is employed with either one or more triazoles or one or more strobilurin fungicides.
In some preferred embodiments, the compositions, method and use of the present invention employ the following combinations of components:
(A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) cyproconazole；
(A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B)  metconazole；
(A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) prothioconazole； and
(A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) picoxystrobin.
The compositions of the present invention may be produced in conventional manner and provided in any suitable formulation, for example by mixing the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid with the one or more triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides, together with one or more auxiliaries appropriate for the type of formulation. Suitable auxiliaries which may be comprised in the composition of the invention are all customary formulation adjuvants or components, such as one or more extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adherents and inert fillers. Such auxiliaries are known in the art and are commercially available. Their use in the formulation of the compositions of the present invention will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.
Formulation types suitable for the compositions of the present invention include water-soluble concentrates (SL) , emulsifiable concentrates (EC) , emulsions (EW) , micro-emulsions (ME) , suspension concentrates (SC) , oil-based suspension concentrates (OD) , flowable suspensions (FS) , water-dispersible granules (WG) , water-soluble granules (SG) , water-dispersible powders (WP) , water soluble powders (SP) , granules (GR) , encapsulated granules (CG) , fine granules (FG) , macrogranules (GG) , aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE) , capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG) . Preferably, the composition is formulated as a suspension concentrate (SC) , a water-dispersible powder (WP) or as water-dispersible granules (WG) . A most preferred type of formulation is suspension concentrates (SC) .
The fungicidal composition may comprise one or more inert fillers. Such inert fillers are known in the art and available commercially. Suitable fillers include, for example, natural ground minerals, such as kaolins, aluminas, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, or synthetic ground minerals, such as highly dispersed silicic acid, aluminum oxide, silicates, and calcium phosphates and calcium hydrogen phosphates. Suitable inert fillers for granules include, for example, crushed and fractionated natural  minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, and dolomite, or synthetic granules of inorganic and organic ground materials, as well as granules of organic material, such as sawdust, coconut husks, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks.
The fungicidal compositions of the present invention optionally include one or more surfactants, which are preferably non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic in nature, and surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties, depending on the nature of the active compound to be formulated. Suitable surfactants are known in the art and are commercially available. Suitable anionic surfactants can be both so-called water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds. Soaps which may be used in the composition are the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acid (C10-C22) , for example the sodium or potassium salt of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures. The surfactant can be an emulsifier, dispersant or wetting agent of ionic or nonionic type. Examples which may be used are salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenylsulphonic or naphthalenesulphonic acids, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols, especially alkylphenols, sulphosuccinic ester salts, taurine derivatives, especially alkyltaurates, or phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated phenols or alcohols. The presence of at least one surfactant is generally required when the active compound and/or the inert carrier and/or auxiliary/adjuvant are insoluble in water and the vehicle for the final application of the composition is water.
The fungicidal compositions of the present invention optionally further comprise one or more polymeric stabilizers. The suitable polymeric stabilizers that may be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins, polyacrylates, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethanes or polyamides. Suitable stabilizers are known in the art and commercially available.
The surfactants and polymeric stabilizers mentioned above are generally believed to impart stability to the composition, in turn allowing the composition to be formulated, stored, transported and applied.
Suitable anti-foam agents include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Suitable anti-foam agents are known in the art and are  available commercially. Particularly preferred antifoam agents are mixtures of polydimethylsiloxanes and perfluroalkylphosphonic acids, such as the silicone anti-foam agents available from GE or Compton.
Suitable organic solvents that may be used in the compositions may be selected from all customary organic solvents, which thoroughly dissolve one or more of the active compounds employed. Again, suitable organic solvents for the active compounds in the compositions of the present invention are known in the art. The following may be mentioned as being preferred: N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-octyl pyrrolidone, cyclohexyl-1-pyrrolidone； or a mixture of paraffinic, isoparaffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as SOLVESSOTM200. Suitable solvents are commercially available.
Suitable preservatives include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions of this type and again are well known in the art. Suitable examples that may be mentioned include
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000001
(from Bayer AG) and 
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000002
(from Bayer AG) .
Suitable antioxidants are all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions, as is known in the art. Preference is given to butylated hydroxytoluene.
Suitable thickeners include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Suitable thickeners include, for example xanthan gum, PVOH, cellulose and its derivatives, clay hydrated silicates, magnesium aluminum silicates or a mixture thereof. Again, such thickeners are known in the art and available commercially.
The fungicidal composition of the present invention may further comprise one or more solid adherents. Such adherents are known in the art and are available commercially. They include organic adhesives, including tackifiers, such as celluloses or substituted celluloses, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules, or lattices, and inorganic adhesives, such as gypsum, silica, or cement.
In addition, depending upon the formulation, the composition according to the invention may also comprise water.
The formulated components (A) and (B) , including the compositions of the present invention, may be applied in any suitable form, such as in spray form, for example,  employing appropriate dilutions.
The rates of application (use) of the components (A) and (B) in the compositions, method and use of the present invention may vary, for example, according to such factors as type of use, soil type, season, climate, soil ecology, type of plants, but are such that the crystalline modification II of boscalid and the one or more triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides are applied in an effective amount to provide the desired action. The application rate of the composition for a given set of conditions can readily be determined by conducting trials.
The application rate of the total amount of the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid and the one or more triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides typically lies in the range of from about 50 to about 1500 gram per hectare (g/ha) . In general, satisfactory results will be obtained when employing from about 80 to about 1000 g/ha, for examlpe about 50 to about 400 gram per hectare, preferably from about 100 to about 250 g/ha, of the crystalline modification II of boscalid and from about 1 to about 800 g/ha, preferably from about 10 to about 400 g/ha, of the one or more triazole fungicides and/or strobilurin fungicides.
Using such formulations, either straight (that is undiluted) or diluted with a suitable solvent, especially water, plants, plant parts and/or their locus can be treated and protected against fungal infestations by spraying, pouring or immersing. Generally, it is preferred that the formulations can be diluted with water before application. The compositions and formulations can be applied using the methods known in the art. Methods include coating, spraying, dipping, soaking, injection, irrigation, and the like.
Components (A) and (B) can be applied to the plants, plant parts and/or their locus where control is desired simultaneously and/or in succession, preferably at short intervals, for example on the same day. The components (A) and (B) may be applied to the plant, one or more parts thereof (such as leaves or seeds) , and/or their locus in any order. Each component may be applied just once or a plurality of times. Preferably, each of the components (A) and (B) is applied a plurality of times, in particular from 2 to 5 times.
Components (A) and (B) may be applied in any suitable form, as described above. Typically, the active components will be applied as formulations, that is compositions comprising one or more of the active components together with further carriers, surfactants or  other application-promoting adjuvants customarily employed in formulation technology, as discussed above.
In the event, components (A) and (B) are applied simultaneously in the present invention, they may be applied as a composition containing components (A) and (B) , in which case components (A) and (B) can be obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together (known as a tank-mix, ready-to-apply, spray broth, or slurry) , optionally with other pesticides, or components (A) and (B) can be obtained as a single formulation mixture source (known as a pre-mix, concentrate, formulated compound (or product) ) , and optionally mixed together with other pesticides, in particular as a composition of the present invention.
The compositions according to the invention are distinguished by the fact that they are especially well tolerated by plants and are environmentally friendly.
Each composition according to the invention is especially advantageous for the treatment of plants.
The present invention will be further described, for illustration purposes only, by way of the following examples.
In the following examples, percentages are weight percentage, unless otherwise indicated.
FORMULATION EXAMPLES
The formulations of Examples 1 to 22 were prepared having the composition summarized in Table 1 below.
Examples 1 to 10 and 15 to 18 are comparative examples. Examples 11 to 14 and 19 to 22 are examples of compositions of the present invention.
The finely ground active ingredients were intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution could be obtained by dilution with water. Adjuvants included 10％Propylene glycol, 1％Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, 2％Sodium lignosulfonate, 2％Carboxymethylcellulose, 1％Silicone oil (in the form of a 75％emulsion in water) , 0.2％Xanthan gum, 0.2％NIPACIDE BIT 20, Water (Balance to 1L) .
Table 1
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000004
BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES
A synergistic effect exists with a combination of two active compounds when the activity of a composition comprising both active compounds is greater than the sum of the activities of the two active compounds applied individually. The expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated by the so called “Colby equation” (see S.R. Colby, “Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations” , Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22) :
whereby:
A ＝ the activity percentage of compound A when active compound A is empolyed at an application rate of m g/ha；
B ＝ the activity percentage of compound B when active compound B is empolyed at an application rate of n g/ha；
E ＝ the percentage of estimated activity when compounds A and B are empolyed together at an application rate of m g/ha and n g/ha；
then:
E ＝ A+B- (A×B/100) .
If the actual activity observed for the combination of compunds A and B is greater than that calculated, then the activity of the combination is superadditive. In other words, synergism is present.
Field Test 1 –Septoria tritici -Wheat
Young wheat plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Septoria tritici, and  incubated at 20℃ and 100％relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 14 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants. The treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15℃ and 80％relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
The results are set out in Table 2 below. The severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
Table 2
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000005
As can be seen from the results set out in Table 2, the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid. The combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
Field Test 2 –Puccinia triticina –Wheat
Young wheat plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Puccinia triticina, and incubated at 20℃ and 100 ％relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants. The treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15℃ and 80％relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
The results are set out in Table 3 below. The severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
Table 3
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000006
As can be seen from the results set out in Table 3, the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher  activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid. The combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
Field Test 3 –Puccinia graminis –Barley
Young barley plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Puccinia graminis, and incubated at 20℃ and 100％relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants. The treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15℃ and 80％relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
The results are set out in Table 4 below. The severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
Table 4
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000008
As can be seen from the results set out in Table 4, the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid. The combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
Field Test 4 -Puccinia striiformis –Wheat
Young wheat plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Puccinia striiformis, and incubated at 20℃ and 100％relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 14 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants. The treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15℃ and 80％relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
The results are set out in Table 5 below. The severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
Table 5
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000010
As can be seen from the results set out in Table 5, the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid. The combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
Field Test 5 -Pyrenophora teres -Barley
Young barley plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Pyrenophora teres, and incubated at 20℃ and 100％relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 14 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants. The treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15℃ and 80％relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
The results are set out in Table 6 below. The severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
Table 6
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000012
As can be seen from the results set out in Table 6, the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid. The combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
Field Test 6 -Stagonosporopsis andigena –Oilseed rape
Young oilseed rape plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Stagonosporopsis andigena, and incubated at 20℃ and 100％relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants. The treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15℃ and 80％relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
The results are set out in Table 7 below. The severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000014
As can be seen from the results set out in Table 7, the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid. The combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
Field Test 7 -Sclerotinia sclerotiorum -Oilseed rape
Young oilseed rape plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and incubated at 20℃ and 100％relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants. The treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15℃ and 80％relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
The results are set out in Table 8 below. The severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
Table 8
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000015
As can be seen from the results set out in Table 8, the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid. The combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
Field Test 8 -Plasmopara viticola –Vine
Young vine plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Plasmopara viticola, and incubated at 20℃ and 100％relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The compositions of each of Formulation Examples 1 to 6 and 15 to 22 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants. The treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15℃ and 80％relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
The results are set out in Table 9 below. The severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
Table 9
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000016
As can be seen from the results set out in Table 9, the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid. The combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
Field Test 9 -Botrytis cinerea -Vine
Young vine plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Botrytis cinerea, and incubated at 20℃ and 100％relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The compositions of  each of Formulation Examples 1 to 14 were diluted and then sprayed on the plants. The treated plants were held in a greenhouse at 15℃ and 80％relative atmospheric humidity for 15 days, after which, the severity of the fungal infestation of the plants was examined.
The results are set out in Table 10 below. The severity of the fungal infestation is indicated in terms of the percentage of the plant observed to be infested with the pathogen.
Table 10
Figure PCTCN2017094623-appb-000017
As can be seen from the results set out in Table 10, the combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a significantly higher activity in the treatment of the fungal infestation than the comparative compositions containing either a single active component and/or the crystalline modification I of boscalid. The combination of the crystalline modification II of boscalid with the triazole or strobilurin exhibited a synergistic effect.
All publications, patents and patent applications cited in this specification are herein  incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this invention that certain changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.

Claims (40)

  1. A fungicidal composition comprising as a component (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N- (4’chloro [1, 1’biphenyl] -2-yl) (boscalid) , and as a component (B) at least one triazole fungicide and/or at least one strobilurin fungicide.
  2. The fungicidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the one or more triazole fungicides are selected from prothioconazole, cyproconazole and metconazole.
  3. The fungicidal composition according to either of claims 1 or 2, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin.
  4. The composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises:
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) cyproconazole；
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) metconazole；
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) prothioconazole； or
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) picoxystrobin.
  5. The composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) in the composition is in the range of from 25: 1 to 1: 25.
  6. The composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein component (A) is present in the composition in an amount of from 1 to 50％by weight of the composition.
  7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein component (A) is present in the composition in an amount of from 1 to 20％by weight of the composition.
  8. The composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein component (B) comprises a triazole fungicide and the triazole is present in the composition in an amount of from 1 to 50％by weight of the composition.
  9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the triazole is present in the composition in an amount of from 1 to 20％by weight of the composition.
  10. The composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein component (B) comprises a strobilurin fungicide and the strobilurin is present in the composition in an amount of from 1 to 50％by weight of the composition.
  11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the strobilurin is present in the composition in an amount of from 1 to 20％by weight of the composition.
  12. The composition according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more auxiliaries.
  13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the one or more auxiliaries are selected from one or more extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adherents and inert fillers.
  14. The composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated as a water-soluble concentrate (SL) , an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) , an emulsion (EW) , a micro-emulsion (ME) , a suspension concentrate (SC) , an oil-based suspension concentrate (OD) , a flowable suspension (FS) , water-dispersible granules (WG) , water-soluble granules (SG) , a water-dispersible powder (WP) , a water soluble powder (SP) , granules (GR) , encapsulated granules (CG) , fine granules (FG) , macrogranules (GG) , an aqueous suspo-emulsion (SE) , a capsule suspension (CS) or microgranules (MG) .
  15. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the composition is formulated as a suspension concentrate (SC) , a water-dispersible powder (WP) or as water-dispersible granules (WG) .
  16. Use of component (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N- (4’chloro [1, 1’biphenyl] -2-yl) (boscalid) , and component (B) at least one triazole fungicide and/or at least one strobilurin fungicide for preventing or treating fungal infestations of plants, plant parts or a locus.
  17. The use according to claim 16, wherein the plant or plant parts are selected from cereals, fruit, leguminous plants, oil plants, cucurbitaceae, citrus fruit, vegetables, coffee, sugarcane, hops, tree nuts, and ornamentals.
  18. The use according to claim 17, wherein the plant or plant parts are selected from cereals, fruits and oil plants.
  19. The use according to claim 18, wherein the plant or plant parts are selected from wheat, barley, vine and oilseed rape.
  20. The use according to any of claims 16 to 19, wherein the fungal infestations are caused by Septoria tritici； Puccinia sp.； Pyrenophora teres； Stagonosporopsis andigena； Sclerotinia sclerotiorum； Plasmopara viticola； or Botrytis cinerea.
  21. The use according to any of claims 16 to 20, wherein the one or more triazole fungicides are selected from prothioconazole, cyproconazole and metconazole.
  22. The use according to any of claims 16 to 21, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin.
  23. The use according to any of claims 16 to 22, wherein the components employed comprise:
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) cyproconazole；
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) metconazole；
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) prothioconazole； or
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) picoxystrobin.
  24. The use according to any of claims 16 to 23, wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is in the range of from 25: 1 to 1: 25.
  25. The use according to any of claims 16 to 24, wherein the component (A) and component (B) are applied to the plants, plant parts or the locus simultaneously and/or successively.
  26. The use according to any of claims 16 to 25, wherein a composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 15 is employed.
  27. A method for controlling harmful fungi comprising applying to plants, plant parts or their locus as component (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of 3-pyridinecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N- (4’chloro [1, 1’biphenyl] -2-yl) (boscalid) , and as component (B) at least one triazole fungicide and/or at least one strobilurin fungicide.
  28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the plant or plant parts are selected from cereals, fruit, leguminous plants, oil plants, cucurbitaceae, citrus fruit, vegetables, coffee, sugarcane, hops, tree nuts, and ornamentals.
  29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the plant or plant parts are selected from cereals, fruits and oil plants.
  30. The use according to claim 29, wherein the plant or plant parts are selected from wheat, barley, vine and oilseed rape.
  31. The method according to any of claims 27 to 30, wherein the fungal infestations are caused by Septoria tritici； Puccinia sp.； Pyrenophora teres； Stagonosporopsis andigena； Sclerotinia sclerotiorum； Plasmopara viticola； or Botrytis cinerea.
  32. The method according to any of claims 27 to 31, wherein the one or more triazole fungicides are selected from prothioconazole, cyproconazole and metconazole.
  33. The method according to any of claims 27 to 32, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin.
  34. The method according to any of claims 27 to 32, wherein the components employed comprise:
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) cyproconazole；
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) metconazole；
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) prothioconazole； or
    (A) the crystalline modification II of the anhydrate of boscalid； and (B) picoxystrobin.
  35. The method according to any of claims 27 to 34, wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is in the range of from 25: 1 to 1: 25.
  36. The method according to any of claims 27 to 35, wherein the component (A) and component (B) are applied to the plants, plant parts or the locus simultaneously and/or successively.
  37. The method according to any of claims 27 to 36, wherein a composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 15 is employed.
  38. A synergistic fungicidal composition substantially as hereinbefore described.
  39. A method of treating and/or preventing a fungicidal infestation substantially as hereinbefore described.
  40. A use substantially as hereinbefore described for treating and/or preventing a fungicidal infestation.
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