WO2018201882A1

WO2018201882A1 - Fungicidal composition and use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2018201882A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/083144
Authority: WO
Inventors: James Timothy Bristow
Original assignee: Jiangsu Rotam Chemistry Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2017-05-04
Filing date: 2018-04-16
Publication date: 2018-11-08
Also published as: GB201707082D0; BR102017022433A8; BR102017022433A2; GB2562080B; GB2562080A; CN110519989A; AR111377A1

Abstract

A fungicidal composition is provided, the composition comprising a carboxamide fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a triazole fungicide. The composition exhibits synergy in the treatment and/or control of a range of fungal infestations. A method for the control of fungicidal infestation of plants, comprises applying to the plants, to one or more parts thereof, or to the locus thereof a carboxamide fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a triazole fungicide.

Description

[Title established by the ISA under Rule 37.2] FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION AND USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to a synergistic fungicidal composition, in particular a composition comprising three active components which exhibit synergy when combined. The present invention further relates to the use of such a combination of active ingredients in preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and plant parts, as well as a method of preventing and/or treating fungal infestations in plants and plant parts.

Pathogens including fungi are a major source of crop diseases. A fungicide is a chemical agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi or fungal-like organisms. Therefore, fungicides are very important tools for protecting crops from fungal infestation. Fungal infestations often cause significant economic impact on the yield and quality of crops. Therefore, it is desirable to develop fungicides with a high level of efficacy. It would also be useful to develop fungicidal compositions that exhibit a high level of activity in controlling or preventing fungal infestations using a minimum amount of fungicidal active ingredients, as such compositions exhibit a reduced adverse environmental impact.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that a combination of a carboxamide fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a triazole fungicide exhibits a synergistic activity, compared with the activity of the same fungicidal components used individually.

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a fungicidal composition comprising a carboxamide fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a triazole fungicide.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method for the control of fungicidal infestation of plants, the method comprising applying to the plants, to one or more parts thereof, such as leaves or seeds, or to the locus thereof a carboxamide fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a triazole fungicide. The method includes applying the fungicidal components as hereinbefore defined to the plants, plant parts or the locus thereof either before and/or after infestation by a fungus.

In a still further aspect, the present invention provides the use of a carboxamide fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a triazole fungicide in the control of a fungal infestation of plants or plant parts.

As used in the present specification, the term “comprising” means including the indicated elements but not excluding other elements also being present.

"Plant" as used herein, refers to all plant and plant populations such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants.

"Plant parts" as used herein, refers to all parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. Harvested materials, and vegetative and generative propagation materials, for example, cutting, tubers, meristem tissue, rhizomes, offsets, seeds, single and multiple plant cells and any other plant tissues, are also included.

The word “surrounding” or “locus” refers to the place on which the plants are growing, the place on which the plant propagation materials of the plants are sown or the place on which the plant propagation materials of the plants will be sown.

Some fungicidal active ingredients are more effective when applied in combination than the sum of the effects of individual application, this effect being referred to as “synergism. ” “Synergism” is an interaction of two or more factors such that the effect when combined is greater than the predicted effect based on the response to each factor applied separately. Surprisingly, it has been found that the three aforementioned fungicidal components when combined or used together exhibit synergy in terms of the activity to control a fungicidal infestation, including preventing, reducing or eliminating a fungicidal infestation.

The synergistic effects of the fungicide combination forming the basis of the present invention provide a number of advantages over the use of each component individually. In particular, the rates of application of each component can be markedly reduced, when used in combination, while maintaining a high level of fungicidal efficacy. This reduction of the application rates of the active ingredients in turn is more environmentally friendly. In addition, and more importantly, the ability to reduce the amount of active ingredients applied, while still achieving the desired level of fungicidal activity, serves to reduce or prevent the development of resistance in the target fungi to the active ingredients.

The three fungicidally active ingredients used in this invention are independently known in the art for their effects on plant growth. They are all disclosed in The Pesticides Manual, Twelfth Edition, 2000, published by The British Crop Protection Council. Many of these compounds are also commercially available.

The present invention employs a carboxamide fungicide. Suitable carboxamide compounds for use in the present invention are known in the art and many are commercially available. Suitable carboxamide compounds having fungicidal activity include the phenyl-benzamides, such as benodanil, flutolanil and mepronil; the thiophene amides, such as isofetamid; the pyridinyl-alkyl-benzamides, such as fluopyram; the furan-carboxamides, such as fenfuram; the oxathin-carboxamides, such as carboxin and oxycarboxin; the thiazole carboxamides, such as thifluzamide; the pyrazole carboxamides, such as benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad and sedaxane; and the pyridine-carboxamides, such as boscalid.

The pyridine carboxamides have been found to be particularly effective in the present invention. Boscalid is a particularly preferred carboxamide for use in the present invention.

The present invention further employs a strobilurin fungicide. Suitable strobilurin fungicidally active compounds are known in the art and a number are commercially available. Suitable strobilurin compounds having fungicidal activity include the strobilurin fungicides, such as fluoxastrobin and mandestrobin; the methoxyacrylate strobilurin fungicides, such as azoxystrobin, bifujunzhi, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi, picoxystrobin and pyraoxystrobin; the methoxycarbanilate strobilurin fungicides, such as pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin and triclopyricarb; the methoxyiminoacetamide strobilurin fungicides, such as dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin and orysastrobin; and the methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin fungicides, such as kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin.

Preferred strobilurin fungicides are the methoxyacrylate strobilurin fungicides and the methoxycarbanilate strobilurin fungicides. Picoxystrobin is a particularly preferred methoxyacrylate strobilurin fungicide. Pyraclostrobin is a particularly preferred methoxycarbanilate strobilurin fungicide.

The present invention further employs a triazole fungicide. Suitable triazole fungicidally active compounds are known in the art and many are commercially available. Suitable triazole compounds having fungicidal activity include amisulbrom, bitertanol, fluotrimazole, triazbutil, and the conazole triazoles, such as azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, huanjunzuo, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole and uniconazole-P.

Preferred triazole fungicides for use in the present invention are the conazole triazoles. Prothioconazole is a particularly preferred triazole for use in the present invention.

In one particularly preferred embodiment, the present invention employs a combination of boscalid, picoxystrobin and/or pyraclostrobin, and prothioconazole.

In the composition of the present invention, the carboxamide compound is preferably present in an amount of from 2 to 35%by weight, more preferably from 3 to 30%, still more preferably from 4 to 25%by weight. From 5 to 24%by weight of carboxamide in the composition is particularly preferred.

In the composition of the present invention, the strobilurin compound is preferably present in an amount of from 2 to 35%by weight, more preferably from 5 to 30%, still more preferably from 4 to 25%by weight. From 7 to 21%by weight of strobilurin compound in the composition is particularly preferred.

In the composition of the present invention, the triazole compound is preferably present in an amount of from 2 to 45%by weight, more preferably from 3 to 40%, still more preferably from 4 to 35%by weight. From 6 to 30%by weight of triazole compound in the composition is particularly preferred.

The carboxamide compound, the strobilurin compound and the triazole compound may be present in the composition or used in the present invention in any weight ratio that provides the aforementioned synergistic effect. Preferably, the carboxamide compound, the strobilurin compound and the triazole compound are employed in a weight ratio of from 0.5 to 3.0 carboxamide : from 0.5 to 4.0 strobilurin : from 0.5 to 3.5 triazole, more preferably from 0.75 to 2.5 carboxamide : from 0.75 to 3.5 strobilurin : 0.85 to 3.0 triazole, still more preferably from 1 to 2 carboxamide : from 1 to 2.8 strobilurin : 1.2 to 2.5 triazole. Particularly preferred weight ratios of the carboxamide compound, the strobilurin compound and the triazole compound are described in the specific examples set out below.

The compositions of the present invention may be produced in conventional manner and provided in any suitable formulation, for example by mixing the carboxamide compound with the strobilurin compound and the triazole compound, together with one or more auxiliaries appropriate for the type of formulation. Suitable auxiliaries which may be comprised in the composition of the invention are all customary formulation adjuvants or components, such as one or more extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adherents and inert fillers. Such auxiliaries are known in the art and are commercially available. Their use in the formulation of the compositions of the present invention will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.

Formulation types suitable for the compositions of the present invention include water-soluble concentrates (SL) , emulsifiable concentrates (EC) , emulsions (EW) , micro-emulsions (ME) , suspension concentrates (SC) , oil-based suspension concentrates (OD) , flowable suspensions (FS) , water-dispersible granules (WG) , water-soluble granules (SG) , wettable powders (WP) , water soluble powders (SP) , granules (GR) , encapsulated granules (CG) , fine granules (FG) , macrogranules (GG) , aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE) , capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG) . The following paragraphs will describe the exemplary formulations of the fungicide composition including water-dispersible granules (WG) , aqueous suspension concentrates (SC) , emulsifiable concentrates (EC) , wettable powders (WP) , and emulsion, oil in water (EW) .

The fungicidal composition may comprise one or more inert fillers. Such inert fillers are known in the art and available commercially. Suitable fillers include, for example, natural ground minerals, such as kaolins, aluminas, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, or synthetic ground minerals, such as highly dispersed silicic acid, aluminum oxide, silicates, and calcium phosphates and calcium hydrogen phosphates. Suitable inert fillers for granules include, for example, crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, and dolomite, or synthetic granules of inorganic and organic ground materials, as well as granules of organic material, such as sawdust, coconut husks, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks.

The fungicidal compositions of the present invention optionally include one or more surfactants, which are preferably non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic in nature, and surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties, depending on the nature of the active compound to be formulated. Suitable surfactants are known in the art and are commercially available.

The surfactant can be an emulsifier, dispersant or wetting agent of ionic or nonionic type. Examples which may be used are salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenylsulphonic or naphthalenesulphonic acids, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols, especially alkylphenols, sulphosuccinic ester salts, taurine derivatives, especially alkyltaurates, or phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated phenols or alcohols. The presence of at least one surfactant is generally required when the active compound and/or the inert carrier and/or auxiliary/adjuvant are insoluble in water and the vehicle for the final application of the composition is water.

Examples of suitable surfactants are polyoxyethylated (POE) sorbitan esters, such as POE (20) , sorbitan trioleate and polyoxyethylated (POE) sorbitol esters, such as POE (40) , sorbitol hexaoleate. POE (20) sorbitan trioleate is commercially available under the tradenames ATLAS G1086 and CIRRASOL G1086 marketed by UniqEMA. Combinations of a POE sorbitan ester with a POE sorbitol ester allow the HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) value of the surfactant to be optimized, so as to obtain the highest quality emulsion (smallest suspended droplets) when the composition is added to water. Higher quality of emulsions typically leads to optimal fungicidal performance.

Suitable anionic surfactants can be both so-called water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds. Soaps which may be used in the composition are the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acid (C ₁₀-C ₂₂) , for example the sodium or potassium salt of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures.

The amount of surfactant present in the composition will depend upon such factors as the type of formulation employed.

The fungicidal compositions of the present invention optionally further comprise one or more polymeric stabilizers. The suitable polymeric stabilizers that may be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins, polyacrylates, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethanes or polyamides. Suitable stabilizers are known in the art and commercially available.

The surfactants and polymeric stabilizers mentioned above are generally believed to impart stability to the composition, in turn allowing the composition to be formulated, stored, transported and applied.

Suitable anti-foam agents include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Suitable anti-foam agents are known in the art and are available commercially. Particularly preferred anti-foam agents are mixtures of polydimethylsiloxanes and perfluroalkylphosphonic acids, such as the silicone anti-foam agents available from GE or Compton.

Suitable organic solvents that may be used in the compositions may be selected from all customary organic solvents, which thoroughly dissolve one or more of the active compounds employed. Again, suitable organic solvents for the active compounds in the compositions of the present invention are known in the art. The following may be mentioned as being preferred: N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-octyl pyrrolidone, cyclohexyl-1-pyrrolidone; or a mixture of paraffinic, isoparaffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as SOLVESSO ^TM200. Suitable solvents are commercially available.

Suitable preservatives include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions of this type and again are well known in the art. Suitable preservatives that may be mentioned include tolylfluanid, such as

(available commercially from Bayer AG) , and benzisothiazolinone, such as

(available commercially from Bayer AG) .

Suitable antioxidants are all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions, as is known in the art. Preference is given to butylated hydroxytoluene.

Suitable thickeners include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Suitable thickeners include, for example xanthan gum, PVOH, cellulose and its derivatives, clay hydrated silicates, magnesium aluminum silicates or a mixture thereof. Again, such thickeners are known in the art and available commercially.

The fungicidal composition of the present invention may further comprise one or more solid adherents. Such adherents are known in the art and are available commercially. They include organic adhesives, including tackifiers, such as celluloses or substituted celluloses, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules, or lattices, and inorganic adhesives, such as gypsum, silica, or cement.

In addition, depending upon the formulation, the composition according to the invention may also comprise water.

The rates of application (use) of the carboxamide, strobilurin and triazole components in the compositions, method and use of the present invention may vary, for example, according to such factors as type of use, soil type, season, climate, soil ecology, type of plants, but are such that the one or more carboxamide compounds, the one or more strobilurin compounds and the one or more triazole compounds are applied in an effective amount to provide the desired action. The application rate of the composition for a given set of conditions can readily be determined by conducting trials.

The application rate of the total amount of the one or more carboxamide compounds, the one or more strobilurin compounds and the one or more triazole compounds typically lies in the range of from about 50 to about 1500 gram per hectare (g/ha) , preferably from 100 to 1000 g/ha. In general, beneficial results will be obtained when employing from about 40 to about 500 g/ha, preferably about 50 to about 300 g/ha, of the carboxamide compound; from about 50 to about 300 g/ha, preferably from about 70 to about 250 g/ha, of the strobilurin compounds; and from about 50 to 500 g/ha, preferably about 60 to about 350 g/ha of the triazole compound. When employed as the carboxamide compound, boscalid is preferably applied at a rate of from 50 to 240 g/ha. When employed as the strobilurin fungicide, picoxystrobin is preferably applied at a rate of from 70 to 200 g/ha and pyraclostrobin is preferably applied at a rate of from 70 to 200 g/ha. When prothioconazole is employed as the triazole compound, it is preferably applied at a rate of from 60 to 300 g/ha.

Using such formulations as described above, either straight (that is undiluted) or diluted with a suitable solvent, especially water, plants, plant parts and/or their locus can be treated and protected against fungal infestations by spraying, pouring or immersing. Generally, it is preferred that the formulations can be diluted with water before application. The compositions and formulations can be applied using the methods known in the art. Methods include coating, spraying, dipping, soaking, injection, irrigation, and the like.

The active components can be applied to the plants, plant parts and/or their locus where control is desired simultaneously and/or in succession, preferably at short intervals, for example on the same day. The active components may be applied to the plant, one or more parts thereof (such as leaves or seeds) , and/or their locus in any order. Each component may be applied just once or a plurality of times. Preferably, each of the components is applied a plurality of times, in particular from 2 to 5 times. The active fungicidal components may be applied in any order to the target plants, plant material or plant parts, or the locus.

The active components may be applied in any suitable form, as described above. Typically, the active components will be applied as formulations, that is compositions comprising one or more of the active components together with further carriers, surfactants or other application-promoting adjuvants customarily employed in formulation technology, as discussed above.

In the event the active components are applied simultaneously in the present invention, they may be applied as a composition containing the fungicially active components, in which case the components can be obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together (known as a tank-mix, ready-to-apply, spray broth, or slurry) , optionally with other pesticides, or the components can be obtained as a single formulation mixture source (known as a pre-mix, concentrate, formulated compound (or product) ) , and optionally mixed together with other pesticides, in particular as a composition of the present invention.

The composition, method and use of the present invention may be used to prevent and/or control fungal infestations in a range of plants.

The fungicidal components may be applied to the plants in any stage of growth, including the plant propagation material, such as seeds, to the plant locus pre-emergence (that is the period before the emergence of the plants from the soil) , to the plant locus or plants post-emergence (that is after emergence of the plants from the soil) or two or more of these stages. In one embodiment, the fungicidal components are applied to plants during both the pre-emergence stage and the post-emergence stage, that is, the stage between the emergence of a seedling and the maturity of the plant) . In one embodiment, the pre-emergence application includes seed treatment. In one preferred embodiment, the fungicidal components are applied directly on the foliage (or leaves) of a plant.

The composition and method according to the present invention is suitable for treatment of a wide range of plants. Plants that may be treated using the present invention include cereals, for example wheats, barleys, ryes, oats, corns, rice, sorghums, triticales and related crops; beets, for example sugar beets and fodder beets; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits and soft fruits, for example apples, grapes, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, citrus fruit, for example oranges, lemons, grapefruit and mandarins; berries, for example strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; leguminous plants, for example beans, lentils, peas, soybeans, and peanuts; oil plants, for example rapes, canolas, mustards, and sunflowers; cucurbitaceae, for example marrows, cucumbers, and melons; vegetables, for example spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika and bud vegetables such as garlic, leeks and onion; ornamentals, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens, for example conifers, as well as sugarcane.

The present invention is particularly effective and useful in the treatment of leguminous plants, fruit, cereals and cucurbitaceae. The present invention is very advantageous when used to treat soybeans, grapes, wheats and cucumbers.

Fungal infestations that may be prevented and/or treated using the presenting invention include those of Allantophomopsis spp., Alternaria spp., Anisogramma spp., Ascochyta spp., Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium spp., Bipolaris spp., Blumeriella spp., Botryosphaeria spp., Botrytis spp., Cercospora spp., Cladosporium spp., Cochilobolus spp., Coleophoma spp., Colletotrichum spp., Corynespora spp., Diaporthe spp., Didymella spp., Elsinoe spp., Erysiphe spp., Exserohikum spp., Fusarium spp., Fusicoccum spp., Gibberella spp., Glomerella spp., Guignardia spp., Gymnosporangium spp., Helminthosporium spp., Kabatiella spp., Leptosphaeria spp., Microsphaera spp., Monilinia spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Oculimacula spp., Oidium spp., Penicillium spp., Peronospora spp., Phakopsora spp., Phomopsis spp., Phyllosticta spp., Physalospora spp., Physoderma spp., Phytophthora spp., Plasmopara spp., Podosphaera spp., Pseudocercospora spp., Pseudoperonospora spp., Puccinia spp., Pyrenophora spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhynchosporium spp., Sclerotinia spp., Septoria spp., Septosphaeria spp., Sphaerotheca spp., Stagonospora spp., Stemphylium spp., Thekopsora spp., Tranzschelia spp., Uncinula spp., Uromyces spp., Valdensinia spp., Venturia spp., Wilsonomyces spp., and Zygophiala spp.

In particular, fungal infestations that may be prevented and/or treated using the present invention are those of Allantophomopsis cytisporea, Allantophomopsis lycopodina, Alternaria cucumerina, Alternaria mali, Alternaria porri, Anisogramma anomala, Aureobasidium zeae, Bipolaris maydis, Blumeriella jaapii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botryosphaeria obtuse, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora arachidicola, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora citrulina, Cercospora kikuchii, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora sorghi, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Cladosporium carpophilum, Cladosporium caryigenum, Cochilobolus sativus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Coleophoma empetri, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum graminicola, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Colletotrichum truncatum, Corynespora cassiicola, Diaporthe phaseolum, Didymella bryoniae, Elsinoe ampelina, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici, Exserohikum turcicum, Fusicoccum putrefaciens, Glomerella cingulate, Guignardia bidwellii, Gymnosporangium clavipes, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, Kabatiella zeae, Leptosphaeria biglobosa, Leptosphaeria maculans, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia laxa, Mycosphaerella angulate, Mycosphaerella fragariae, Mycosphaerella pomi, Oculimacula acuformis, Oculimacula yallundae, Peronospora destructor, Peronospora manshurica, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phomopsis vaccinia, Phomopsis viticola, Phyllosticta maydis, Phyllosticta vaccinia, Physalospora vaccinia, Physoderma maydis, Phytophthora nicotianae, Plasmopara viticola, Podosphaera leucotricha, Pseudocercospora vitis, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Pseudoperonospora humuli, Puccina sorghi, Puccinia arachidis, Puccinia coronata, Puccinia polyspora, Puccinia recondata, Puccinia sorghi, Pyrenophora teres, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhynchosporium secalis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Septoria glycines, Septoria tritici, Septosphaeria turcica, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Sphaerotheca humuli, Sphaerotheca macularis, Stagonosora nodorum, Stemphylium vesicarium, Thekopsora minima, Tranzschelia discolor, Uncinula necator, Valdensinia heterodoxa, Venturia inaequalis, Venturia pirina, Wilsonomyces carpophilus and Zygophiala jamaicensis.

By way of example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of berries: Alternaria leaf spot and fruit rot caused by Alternaria spp., anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. or Elsinoe spp., Botrytis gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, leaf spot and blotch caused by Mycosphaerella spp., or Septoria spp., Monilinia blight and mummy berry caused by Monilinia spp., Phomopsis leaf spot, twig blight and fruit rot caused by Phomopsis spp., powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca spp., Microsphaera spp., or Oidium spp., spur blight caused by Didymella spp., or Phoma spp., leaf rust caused by Thekopsora minima or Valdensinia, leaf spot in blueberry caused by Valdensinia heterodoxa, and fruit rot in low growing berry (except strawberry) caused by Coleophoma empetri, Glomerella cingulata, Phyllosticta vaccinii, Physalospora vaccinii, Allantophomopsis lycopodina, Allantophomopsis cytisporea, Fusicoccum putrefaciens, Penicillium spp., Phomopsis vaccinii, Colletotrichum acutatum, or Colletotrichum coccodes.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of bulb vegetables: Botrytis leaf blight caused by Botrytis spp., Botrytis neck rot caused by Botrytis spp., purple blotch and leaf blight caused by Alternaria porri, Stemphylium leaf blight and stalk rot caused by Stemphylium vesicarium, and downy mildew caused by Peronospora destructor.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of carrots: Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp., Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora spp., powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe spp., and southern root rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of cucurbit vegetables: downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria cucumerina, Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora citrulina, Gummy stem blight caused by Didymella bryoniae, powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea or Erysiphe cichoracearum, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare, and Fusarium wilt and Fusarium blight caused by Fusarium spp.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of grapes: angular leaf spot caused by Mycosphaerella angulate, anthracnose caused by Elsinoe ampelina, black rot caused by Guignardia bidwellii, downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola, leaf blight caused by Pseudocercospora vitis, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot caused by Phomopsis viticola, powdery mildew caused by Uncinula necator, ripe rot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, summer bunch rot (sour rot) caused by Cladosporium spp. or Aspergillus spp., and Botrytis gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of hops: downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli, and powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum, Sphaerotheca humuli, Sphaerotheca macularis or Sphaerotheca spp.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of pistachios: Alternaria late blight caused by Alternaria spp., Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by Botrytis cinerea, and panicle and shoot blight caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of pome fruits: Alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria mali, apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis, bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum spp., black rot/frogeye leaf spot caused by Botryosphaeria obtuse, blue mold caused by Penicillium spp., brooks spot caused by Mycosphaerella pomi, flyspeck caused by Zygophiala jamaicensis, gray mold caused by Botrytis spp., pear scab caused by Venturia pirina, powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera leucotricha, sooty blotch, white rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, Cedar apple rust caused by Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, and quince rust caused by Gymnosporangium clavipes.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of stone fruits: Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp., anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp., blossom blight caused by Monilinia spp., brown rot caused by Monilinia spp., leaf spot caused by Blumeriella jaapii, powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca spp., Podosphaera spp., ripe fruit rot caused by Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia laxa, Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus spp., rust caused by Tranzschelia discolor, scab caused by Cladosporium carpophilum, and shothole caused by Wilsonomyces carpophilus.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of tree nuts: Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp., anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp., blossom blight caused by Monilinia spp., eastern filbert blight caused by Anisogramma anomala, leaf rust caused by Tranzschelia discolor, scab caused by Cladosporium carpophilum, or C. caryigenum, green fruit rot caused by Botrytis cinerea, and shothole caused by Wilsonomyces carpophilus.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of barleys: black point caused by Alternaria spp. or Helminthosporium spp., powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. Tritici, leaf and glume blotch caused by Stagonospora spp., or Septoria spp., rusts caused by Puccinia spp., spot blotch caused by Cochilobolus sativus, tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Fusarium Head Blight and scab caused by Fusaiuim spp., net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres, scald caused by Rhynchosporium secalis, and eyespot caused by Oculimacula yallundae or Oculimacula acuformis.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of wheat: black point caused by Alternaria spp. or Helminthosporium spp., powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. Tritici, leaf and glume blotch caused by Stagonospora spp., or Septoria spp., rusts caused by Puccinia spp., spot blotch caused by Cochilobolus sativus, tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Fusarium Head Blight and scab caused by Fusaruim spp., glume blotch caused by Stagonosora nodorum, speckled leaf blotch caused by Septoria tritici, and leaf rust caused by Puccinia recondata.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of oats: black point caused by Alternaria spp. or Helminthosporium spp., powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. Tritici, leaf and glume blotch caused by Stagonospora spp., or Septoria spp., rusts caused by Puccinia spp., spot blotch caused by Cochilobolus sativus, tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, crown Rust caused by Puccinia coronate and Eyespot caused by Oculimacula acuformis.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of sorghum: anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum graminicola, grey leafspot caused by Cercospora sorghi, and rust caused by Puccina sorghi.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of ryes or triticales: black point caused by Alternaria spp. or Helminthosporium spp., powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. Tritici, leaf and glume blotch caused by Stagonospora spp., or Septoria spp., rusts caused by Puccinia spp., spot blotch caused by Cochilobolus sativus, tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Fusarium Head Blight or scab caused by Fusaruim spp., and rust caused by Puccinia spp.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of pearl millets, proso millets, or teosintes: Fusarium Head Blight or scab caused by Fusaruim spp., and rust caused by Puccinia spp.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of corns: anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rot caused by Colletotrichum graminicola, eye spot caused by Aureobasidium zeae, Kabatiella zeae, gray leaf spot caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis, leaf spots caused by Alternaria spp., northern corn leaf blight caused by Septosphaeria turcica or Exserohikum turcicum, northern corn leaf spot caused by Cochliobolus carbonum, Physoderma brown spot caused by Physoderma maydis, common rust caused by Puccinia sorghi, southern rust caused by Puccinia polyspora, southern corn leaf blight caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus or Bipolaris maydis, yellow leaf blight caused by Phyllosticta maydis, Fusarium and Gibberella ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. or Gibberella spp., eyespot caused by Kabatiella zeae or Aureobasidium zeae, and stalk rot caused by Fusarium spp., Gibberella spp. or Colletotrichum spp.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of canolas: Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, alternaria blackspot, leaf and stem spot caused by Alternaria spp., and blackleg caused by Leptosphaeria maculans or L. biglobosa.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of legume vegetables: Alternaria blight and leafspot caused by Alternaria spp., anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp., Ascochyta blight and leafspot caused by Ascochyta spp., Cercospora leafspot caused by Cercospora spp., downy mildew caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, Mycosphaerella blight caused by Mycosphaerella spp., powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe spp., rust caused by Uromyces spp. or Phakopsora spps, Septoria blotch caused by Septoria spp., and Sclerotinia rot and white mold caused by Sclerotinia spp.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of soybeans: aerial web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp., brown spot caused by Septoria glycines, Cercospora blight and leaf spot and purple seed stain caused by Cercospora kikuchii, downy mildew caused by Peronospora manshurica, frogeye leafspot caused by Cercospora sojina, pod and stem blight caused by Diaporthe phaseolum, powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe spp., rust caused by Puccinia spp. or Phakospora spp., target spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola, Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, and frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina.

By way of a further example, the present invention may advantageously be used to prevent and/or treat the following fungal infestations of peanuts: Rhizoctonia pod rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani, early leaf spot caused by Cercospora arachidicola, and leaf rust caused by Puccinia arachidis.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the plants being treated are selected from leguminous plants, fruits, cereals and cucurbitaceae.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the plants being treated are selected from soybean, grape, wheat and cucumber.

The composition, method and use of the present invention may be used to treat a range of different fungal infestations, as noted above. In one embodiment of the present invention, the fungal infestation is selected from soybean rust, Botrytis gray mold and powdery mildew.

Embodiments of the present invention will be further described, by way of illustration, in the following working examples.

In the following examples, percentages are weight percent, unless otherwise indicated.

EXAMPLES

A combination of two or more active compounds has synergistic effect when the efficacy of the combination of two or more active compounds is greater than the sum of the efficacy of each active compound when applied individually.

The expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated by the “Colby equation” (S.R. Colby, Weeds 15, 20-22, 1967) , as follows:

E = A+B - (A×B/100) I

where:

A = the percent efficacy of compound A when compound A is employed at a dose of m (gram per hectare, i.e. g/ha) ;

B = the percent efficacy of compound B when compound B is employed at a dose of n (g/ha) ;

E = the percent estimated efficacy when compounds A and B are employed together at a dose of m (g/ha) and n (g/ha) , respectively.

The expected activity for a given combination of three active compounds can be calculated by the “Colby equation” (S. R. Colby, Weeds 15, 20-22, 1967) , as follows:

E = (A+B+C) - (A×B+A×C+B×C) /100 + (A×B×C/10000) II

where:

A = the percent efficacy of compound A when compound A is employed at a dose of m (g/ha) ;

B = the percent efficacy of compound B when compound B is employed at a dose of n (g/ha)

C = the percent efficacy of compound C when compound C is employed at a dose of p (g/ha)

E = the percent estimated efficacy when compounds A and B and C are employed together at a dose of m (g/ha) , n (g/ha) and p (g/ha) , respectively.

The “expected efficacy” values in Tables 7 to 10 below are calculated based on the above-mentioned formula II.

Preparation of formulations

a) Water-dispersible granules (WG)

Water-dispersible granules (WG) were prepared by mixing finely ground active ingredients with auxiliaries (0.5%by weight

(sodium lauryl sulfate, Witco Inc., Greenwich) , 5%by weight

(sodium lignosulfonate, Westvaco Corp) , potassium carbonate (balance to 100%) ) under compressed air, then wetting, extruding and drying in an airflow drier to obtain water-dispersible granule.

Table 1 summarises an embodiment of a water-dispersible granule formulation of the present invention.

Table 1

b) Aqueous suspension concentrates (SC)

Aqueous suspension concentrates (SC) were prepared by mixing finely ground active ingredients with auxiliaries (10%by weight Propylene glycol, 5%by weight Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, 1%by weight Sodium lignosulfonate, 1%by weight Carboxymethylcellulose, 1%by weight Silicone oil (in the form of a 75%by weight emulsion in water) , 0.1%by weight Xanthan gum, 0.1%by weight NIPACIDE BIT 20, Water (balance to 100%by weight) ) .

Table 2 summarises an embodiment of an aqueous suspension concentrate of the present invention.

Table 2

Components	%by weight
Boscalid	7.5
Picoxystrobin	21
Prothioconazole	11.25
Propylene glycol	10
Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates	5
Sodium lignosulfonate	1
Carboxymethylcellulose	1
Silicone oil (in the form of a 75%emulsion in water)	1
Xanthan gum	0.1
NIPACIDE BIT 20	0.1
Water	balance to 100

c) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC)

Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) were prepared by mixing the active ingredients with auxiliaries (50g Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, 1g Silicone oil, 300g N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, SOLVESSO ^TM 200 (balance to 1kg) ) .

Table 3 summarises an embodiment of an emulsifiable concentrate of the present invention.

Table 3

Components	Weight (g)
Boscalid	50
Picoxystrobin	70
Prothioconazole	61.25
Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates	50
Silicone oil	1
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone	300
SOLVESSO ^TM 200	balance to 1000

d) Wettable powders (WP)

Wettable powders (WP) were prepared by mixing finely ground active ingredients with auxiliaries (50g Dispersogen 1494, kaolin (balance to 1000g) ) and then air milling by a jet mill grinder.

Table 4 summarises an embodiment of a wettable powder formulation of the present invention.

Table 4

e) Emulsion, oil in water (EW)

Emulsion, oil in water (EW) are prepared by mixing finely ground active ingredients with auxiliaries (200g SOLVESSO ^TM 200, 50g EL360 (ethoxylated soybean oil) , 30g 70B (calcium dodecylphenylsulfonate) and water (balance to 100%by weight) ) .

Table 5 summarises an embodiment of an emulsion, oil in water formulation of the present invention.

Table 5

Components	Weight (g)
Boscalid	75
Picoxystrobin	210
Prothioconazole	112.5
SOLVESSO ^TM 200	200
EL360 (ethoxylated soybean oil)	50
70B (calcium dodecylphenylsulfonate)	30
Water	balance to 1000

Different formulations were prepared according to the above methods with the amounts of active ingredients prothioconazole and/or boscalid and/or picoxystrobin and/or pyraclostrobin. Details of the formulations, indicated as Examples 1 to 32, are as shown in Table 6 below.

Table 6

WP = wettable powders; EC = emulsifiable concentrates; WG = water-dispersible granules; SC = aqueous suspension concentrates; EW= Emulsion, oil in water.

In Table 6, Examples 10, 11, 17, 18, 24, 25, 31 and 32 are examples of compositions of the present invention. The remaining examples are presented for the purposes of comparison.

Biological Examples

Study on soybean-soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi)

Soybean plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and incubated at conditions of 20℃ and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The plants were then sprayed with compositions prepared according to Examples 1 to 32 as set out in Table 6.

Thereafter, the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at conditions of 15℃ and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 10 days, after which the severity of the fungal infestation was assessed. The efficacy of the composition in treating the fungal infestation was then determined.

The results of the efficacy of the fungicidal compositions are set out in Table 7 below.

Table 7

The results in Table 7 show that the fungicidal compositions of the present invention comprising boscalid, picoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin and prothioconazole are far superior in efficacy in the treatment of soybean rust, when compared with the compositions employing just one or a combination of just two fungicidally active ingredients.

Furthermore, the results illustrate that the efficacy of the compositions of the present invention is higher than the expected efficacy based on the 3-component Colby equation II, demonstrating that the composition exhibits unexpected synergistic effects in treating and/or preventing soybean rust.

Study on Grape-Botrytis gray mold (Botrytis cinerea)

Grape plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Botrytis cinerea and incubated at conditions of 20℃ and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The plants were then were sprayed with compositions prepared according to Examples 1 to 32 set out above in Table 6.

After treatment, the plants were held in a greenhouse at conditions of 15℃ and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 10 days, following which the severity of the fungal infestation was assessed. The efficacy of the composition in treating the fungal infestation was then determined.

The results of the efficacy of the fungicidal compositions are set out in Table 8 below.

Table 8

The results in Table 8 show that the fungicidal compositions of the present invention comprising boscalid, picoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin and prothioconazole are far superior in efficacy in the treatment of Botrytis gray mold, when compared with the compositions employing just one or a combination of just two fungicidally active ingredients.

Furthermore, the results illustrate that the efficacy of the compositions of the present invention is higher than the expected efficacy based on the 3-component Colby equation II, demonstrating that the composition exhibits unexpected synergistic effects in treating and/or preventing Botrytis gray mold.

Example 4

Study on wheat -Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici)

Wheat plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici and incubated at conditions of 20℃ and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The plants were then sprayed with compositions prepared according to Examples 1 to 32 set out in Table 6 above.

Thereafter, the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at conditions of 15℃ and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 10 days, after which the severity of the fungal infestation was assessed. The results of the efficacy of the fungicidal compositions of the different formulations are set out in the Table 9 below.

Table 9

The results in Table 9 show that the fungicidal compositions comprising boscalid, picoxystrobin and/or pyraclostrobin and prothioconazole are far superior in efficacy in the treatment of powdery mildew, when compared with the compositions employing just one or a combination of just two fungicidally active ingredients.

Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the efficacy of the compositions of the present invention is higher than the expected efficacy based on the 3-component Colby equation, showing the three-way compositions exhibit unexpected synergistic effects in treating and/or preventing powdery mildew.

Study on Cucumber-Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea)

Cucumber plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Sphaerotheca fuliginea and incubated at conditions of 20℃ and 100%relative atmospheric humidity for 48 hours. The plants were then sprayed with compositions prepared according to Examples 1 to 32 set out above in Table 6.

Thereafter, the treated plants were held in a greenhouse at conditions of 15℃ and 80%relative atmospheric humidity for 10 days, after which the severity of the fungal infestation was assessed. The results of the efficacy of the fungicidal compositions of the different formulations are set out in the Table 10 below.

Table 10

The results in Table 10 show that the fungicidal compositions comprising boscalid, picoxystrobin and/or pyraclostrobin and prothioconazole are far superior in efficacy in the treatment of powdery mildew, when compared with the compositions employing just one or a combination of just two fungicidally active ingredients.

Further, the results illustrate that the efficacy of the compositions of the present invention is higher than the expected efficacy based on the 3-component Colby equation, showing the compositions exhibit unexpected synergistic effects in treating and/or preventing powdery mildew.

The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are thus fully described. Although the description referred to particular embodiments, it will be clear to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced with variations of these specific details. Hence, this invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

Claims

A fungicidal composition comprising a carboxamide fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a triazole fungicide.
The composition according to claim 1, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is a phenyl-benzamide, a thiophene amide, a pyridinyl-alkyl-benzamide, a furan-carboxamide, an oxathin-carboxamides, a thiazole carboxamide, a pyrazole carboxamide, or a pyridine-carboxamide.
The composition according to claim 2, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is selected from benodanil, flutolanil and mepronil; isofetamid; fluopyram; fenfuram; carboxin and oxycarboxin; thifluzamide; benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad and sedaxane; and boscalid.
The composition according to either of claims 1 or 2, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is a pyridine carboxamide.
The composition according to claim 4, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is boscalid.
The composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is a strobilurin, a methoxyacrylate strobilurin, a methoxycarbanilate strobilurin, a methoxyiminoacetamide strobilurin, or a methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin.
The composition according to claim 6, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is selected from fluoxastrobin and mandestrobin; azoxystrobin, bifujunzhi, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi, picoxystrobin and pyraoxystrobin; pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin and triclopyricarb; dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin and orysastrobin; kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin.
The composition according to either of claims 6 or 7, wherein the strobulurin fungicide is a methoxyacrylate strobilurin.
The composition according to claim 8, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin.
The composition according to either of claims 6 or 7, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is a methoxycarbanilate strobilurin.
The composition according to claim 10, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is pyraclostrobin.
The composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the triazole fungicide is selected from amisulbrom, bitertanol, fluotrimazole, triazbutil, and the conazole triazoles.
The composition according to claim 12, wherein the triazole fungicide is a conazole triazole.
The composition according to claim 13, wherein the triazole fungicide is a conazole triazole selected from azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, huanjunzuo, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole and uniconazole-P.
The composition according to claim 14, wherein the triazole fungicide is prothioconazole.
The composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is present in an amount of from 2 to 35%by weight.
The composition according to claim 16, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is present in an amount of from 4 to 25%by weight.
The composition according to claim 17, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is present in an amount of from 5 to 24%by weight.
The composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is present in an amount of from 2 to 35%by weight.
The composition according to claim 19, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is present in an amount of from 4 to 25%by weight.
The composition according to claim 20, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is present in an amount of from 7 to 21%by weight.
The composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the triazole fungicide is present in an amount of from 2 to 45%by weight.
The composition according to claim 22, wherein the triazole fungicide is present in an amount of from 4 to 35%by weight.
The composition according to claim 23, wherein the triazole fungicide is present in an amount of from 6 to 30%by weight.
The composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the carboxamide fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the triazole fungicide are employed in a weight ratio of from 0.5 to 3.0 carboxamide : from 0.5 to 4.0 strobilurin : from 0.5 to 3.5 triazole.
The composition according to claim 25, wherein the carboxamide fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the triazole fungicide are employed in a weight ratio of from 0.75 to 2.5 carboxamide : from 0.75 to 3.5 strobilurin : 0.85 to 3.0 triazole.
The composition according to claim 26, wherein the carboxamide fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the triazole fungicide are employed in a weight ratio of from 1 to 2 carboxamide : from 1 to 2.8 strobilurin : 1.2 to 2.5 triazole.
The composition according to any preceding claim, further comprising one or more auxiliaries selected from extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adherents and inert fillers.
The composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the composition is a water-soluble concentrate (SL) , an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) , an emulsion (EW) , a micro-emulsion (ME) , a suspension concentrate (SC) , an oil-based suspension concentrate (OD) , a flowable suspension (FS) , a water-dispersible granule (WG) , a water-soluble granule (SG) , a wettable powder (WP) , a water soluble powder (SP) , granules (GR) , encapsulated granules (CG) , fine granules (FG) , macrogranules (GG) , an aqueous suspo-emulsion (SE) , a capsule suspension (CS) or microgranules (MG) .
A method for the control of fungicidal infestation of plants, the method comprising applying to the plants, to one or more parts thereof, or to the locus thereof a carboxamide fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a triazole fungicide.
The method according to claim 30, wherein the carboxamide fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the triazole fungicide are employed in a weight ratio of from 0.5 to 3.0 carboxamide : from 0.5 to 4.0 strobilurin : from 0.5 to 3.5 triazole.
The method according to claim 31, wherein the carboxamide fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the triazole fungicide are employed in a weight ratio of from 0.75 to 2.5 carboxamide : from 0.75 to 3.5 strobilurin : 0.85 to 3.0 triazole.
The method according to claim 32, wherein the carboxamide fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the triazole fungicide are employed in a weight ratio of from 1 to 2 carboxamide : from 1 to 2.8 strobilurin : 1.2 to 2.5 triazole.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 33, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is a phenyl-benzamide, a thiophene amide, a pyridinyl-alkyl-benzamide, a furan-carboxamide, an oxathin-carboxamides, a thiazole carboxamide, a pyrazole carboxamide, or a pyridine-carboxamide.
The method according to claim 34, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is selected from benodanil, flutolanil and mepronil; isofetamid; fluopyram; fenfuram; carboxin and oxycarboxin; thifluzamide; benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad and sedaxane; and boscalid.
The method according to either of claims 34 or 35, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is a pyridine carboxamide.
The method according to claim 36, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is boscalid.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 37, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is a strobilurin, a methoxyacrylate strobilurin, a methoxycarbanilate strobilurin, a methoxyiminoacetamide strobilurin, or a methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin.
The method according to claim 38, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is selected from fluoxastrobin and mandestrobin; azoxystrobin, bifujunzhi, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi, picoxystrobin and pyraoxystrobin; pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin and triclopyricarb; dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin and orysastrobin; kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin.
The method according to either of claims 38 or 39, wherein the strobulurin fungicide is a methoxyacrylate strobilurin.
The method according to claim 40, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin.
The method according to either of claims 38 or 39, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is a methoxycarbanilate strobilurin.
The method according to claim 42, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is pyraclostrobin.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 43, wherein the triazole fungicide is selected from amisulbrom, bitertanol, fluotrimazole, triazbutil, and the conazole triazoles.
The method according to claim 44, wherein the triazole fungicide is a conazole triazole.
The method according to claim 45, wherein the triazole fungicide is a conazole triazole selected from azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, huanjunzuo, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole and uniconazole-P.
The method according to claim 46, wherein the triazole fungicide is prothioconazole.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 47, wherein the fungal infestation being controlled and/or treated comprises one or more of: Allantophomopsis spp., Alternaria spp., Anisogramma spp., Ascochyta spp., Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium spp., Bipolaris spp., Blumeriella spp., Botryosphaeria spp., Botrytis spp., Cercospora spp., Cladosporium spp., Cochilobolus spp., Coleophoma spp., Colletotrichum spp., Corynespora spp., Diaporthe spp., Didymella spp., Elsinoe spp., Erysiphe spp., Exserohikum spp., Fusarium spp., Fusicoccum spp., Gibberella spp., Glomerella spp., Guignardia spp., Gymnosporangium spp., Helminthosporium spp., Kabatiella spp., Leptosphaeria spp., Microsphaera spp., Monilinia spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Oculimacula spp., Oidium spp., Penicillium spp., Peronospora spp., Phakopsora spp., Phomopsis spp., Phyllosticta spp., Physalospora spp., Physoderma spp., Phytophthora spp., Plasmopara spp., Podosphaera spp., Pseudocercospora spp., Pseudoperonospora spp., Puccinia spp., Pyrenophora spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhynchosporium spp., Sclerotinia spp., Septoria spp., Septosphaeria spp., Sphaerotheca spp., Stagonospora spp., Stemphylium spp., Thekopsora spp., Tranzschelia spp., Uncinula spp., Uromyces spp., Valdensinia spp., Venturia spp., Wilsonomyces spp., and Zygophiala spp.
The method according to claim 48, wherein the fungal infestation being controlled and/or treated comprises one or more of: Allantophomopsis cytisporea, Allantophomopsis lycopodina, Alternaria cucumerina, Alternaria mali, Alternaria porri, Anisogramma anomala, Aureobasidium zeae, Bipolaris maydis, Blumeriella jaapii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botryosphaeria obtuse, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora arachidicola, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora citrulina, Cercospora kikuchii, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora sorghi, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Cladosporium carpophilum, Cladosporium caryigenum, Cochilobolus sativus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Coleophoma empetri, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum graminicola, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Colletotrichum truncatum, Corynespora cassiicola, Diaporthe phaseolum, Didymella bryoniae, Elsinoe ampelina, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici, Exserohikum turcicum, Fusicoccum putrefaciens, Glomerella cingulate, Guignardia bidwellii, Gymnosporangium clavipes, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, Kabatiella zeae, Leptosphaeria biglobosa, Leptosphaeria maculans, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia laxa, Mycosphaerella angulate, Mycosphaerella fragariae, Mycosphaerella pomi, Oculimacula acuformis, Oculimacula yallundae, Peronospora destructor, Peronospora manshurica, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phomopsis vaccinia, Phomopsis viticola, Phyllosticta maydis, Phyllosticta vaccinia, Physalospora vaccinia, Physoderma maydis, Phytophthora nicotianae, Plasmopara viticola, Podosphaera leucotricha, Pseudocercospora vitis, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Pseudoperonospora humuli, Puccina sorghi, Puccinia arachidis, Puccinia coronata, Puccinia polyspora, Puccinia recondata, Puccinia sorghi, Pyrenophora teres, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhynchosporium secalis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Septoria glycines, Septoria tritici, Septosphaeria turcica, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Sphaerotheca humuli, Sphaerotheca macularis, Stagonosora nodorum, Stemphylium vesicarium, Thekopsora minima, Tranzschelia discolor, Uncinula necator, Valdensinia heterodoxa, Venturia inaequalis, Venturia pirina, Wilsonomyces carpophilus and Zygophiala jamaicensis.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 49, wherein the total amount of the one or more carboxamide fungicides, the one or more strobilurin fungicides and the one or more triazole fungicides applied lies in the range of from about 50 to about 1500 g/ha.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 50, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is applied in an amount of from 40 to 500 g/ha.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 51, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is applied in an amount of from 50 to 300 g/ha.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 52, wherein the triazole fungicide is applied in an amount of from 50 to 500 g/ha.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 53, wherein a composition according to any of claims 1 to 29 is employed.
The method according to any of claims 30 to 54, wherein the fungicide components are applied to the plants during both the pre-emergence state and the post-emergence stage.
The use of a carboxamide fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a triazole fungicide in the control of a fungal infestation of plants or plant parts.
The use according to claim 56, wherein the carboxamide fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the triazole fungicide are employed in a weight ratio of from 0.5 to 3.0 carboxamide : from 0.5 to 4.0 strobilurin : from 0.5 to 3.5 triazole.
The use according to claim 57, wherein the carboxamide fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the triazole fungicide are employed in a weight ratio of from 0.75 to 2.5 carboxamide : from 0.75 to 3.5 strobilurin : 0.85 to 3.0 triazole.
The use according to claim 58, wherein the carboxamide fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the triazole fungicide are employed in a weight ratio of from 1 to 2 carboxamide : from 1 to 2.8 strobilurin : 1.2 to 2.5 triazole.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 59, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is a phenyl-benzamide, a thiophene amide, a pyridinyl-alkyl-benzamide, a furan-carboxamide, an oxathin-carboxamides, a thiazole carboxamide, a pyrazole carboxamide, or a pyridine-carboxamide.
The use according to claim 60, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is selected from benodanil, flutolanil and mepronil; isofetamid; fluopyram; fenfuram; carboxin and oxycarboxin; thifluzamide; benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad and sedaxane; and boscalid.
The use according to either of claims 60 or 61, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is a pyridine carboxamide.
The use according to claim 62, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is boscalid.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 63, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is a strobilurin, a methoxyacrylate strobilurin, a methoxycarbanilate strobilurin, a methoxyiminoacetamide strobilurin, or a methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin.
The use according to claim 64, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is selected from fluoxastrobin and mandestrobin; azoxystrobin, bifujunzhi, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi, picoxystrobin and pyraoxystrobin; pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin and triclopyricarb; dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin and orysastrobin; kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin.
The use according to either of claims 64 or 65, wherein the strobulurin fungicide is a methoxyacrylate strobilurin.
The use according to claim 66, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin.
The use according to either of claims 66 or 67, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is a methoxycarbanilate strobilurin.
The use according to claim 68, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is pyraclostrobin.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 69, wherein the triazole fungicide is selected from amisulbrom, bitertanol, fluotrimazole, triazbutil, and the conazole triazoles.
The use according to claim 70, wherein the triazole fungicide is a conazole triazole.
The use according to claim 71, wherein the triazole fungicide is a conazole triazole selected from azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, huanjunzuo, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole and uniconazole-P.
The use according to claim 72, wherein the triazole fungicide is prothioconazole.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 73, wherein the fungal infestation being controlled and/or treated comprises one or more of: Allantophomopsis spp., Alternaria spp., Anisogramma spp., Ascochyta spp., Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium spp., Bipolaris spp., Blumeriella spp., Botryosphaeria spp., Botrytis spp., Cercospora spp., Cladosporium spp., Cochilobolus spp., Coleophoma spp., Colletotrichum spp., Corynespora spp., Diaporthe spp., Didymella spp., Elsinoe spp., Erysiphe spp., Exserohikum spp., Fusarium spp., Fusicoccum spp., Gibberella spp., Glomerella spp., Guignardia spp., Gymnosporangium spp., Helminthosporium spp., Kabatiella spp., Leptosphaeria spp., Microsphaera spp., Monilinia spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Oculimacula spp., Oidium spp., Penicillium spp., Peronospora spp., Phakopsora spp., Phomopsis spp., Phyllosticta spp., Physalospora spp., Physoderma spp., Phytophthora spp., Plasmopara spp., Podosphaera spp., Pseudocercospora spp., Pseudoperonospora spp., Puccinia spp., Pyrenophora spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhynchosporium spp., Sclerotinia spp., Septoria spp., Septosphaeria spp., Sphaerotheca spp., Stagonospora spp., Stemphylium spp., Thekopsora spp., Tranzschelia spp., Uncinula spp., Uromyces spp., Valdensinia spp., Venturia spp., Wilsonomyces spp., and Zygophiala spp.
The use according to claim 74, wherein the fungal infestation being controlled and/or treated comprises one or more of: Allantophomopsis cytisporea, Allantophomopsis lycopodina, Alternaria cucumerina, Alternaria mali, Alternaria porri, Anisogramma anomala, Aureobasidium zeae, Bipolaris maydis, Blumeriella jaapii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botryosphaeria obtuse, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora arachidicola, Cercospora beticola, Cercospora citrulina, Cercospora kikuchii, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora sorghi, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Cladosporium carpophilum, Cladosporium caryigenum, Cochilobolus sativus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Coleophoma empetri, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum graminicola, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Colletotrichum truncatum, Corynespora cassiicola, Diaporthe phaseolum, Didymella bryoniae, Elsinoe ampelina, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici, Exserohikum turcicum, Fusicoccum putrefaciens, Glomerella cingulate, Guignardia bidwellii, Gymnosporangium clavipes, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, Kabatiella zeae, Leptosphaeria biglobosa, Leptosphaeria maculans, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia laxa, Mycosphaerella angulate, Mycosphaerella fragariae, Mycosphaerella pomi, Oculimacula acuformis, Oculimacula yallundae, Peronospora destructor, Peronospora manshurica, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phomopsis vaccinia, Phomopsis viticola, Phyllosticta maydis, Phyllosticta vaccinia, Physalospora vaccinia, Physoderma maydis, Phytophthora nicotianae, Plasmopara viticola, Podosphaera leucotricha, Pseudocercospora vitis, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Pseudoperonospora humuli, Puccina sorghi, Puccinia arachidis, Puccinia coronata, Puccinia polyspora, Puccinia recondata, Puccinia sorghi, Pyrenophora teres, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhynchosporium secalis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Septoria glycines, Septoria tritici, Septosphaeria turcica, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Sphaerotheca humuli, Sphaerotheca macularis, Stagonosora nodorum, Stemphylium vesicarium, Thekopsora minima, Tranzschelia discolor, Uncinula necator, Valdensinia heterodoxa, Venturia inaequalis, Venturia pirina, Wilsonomyces carpophilus and Zygophiala jamaicensis.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 75, wherein the total amount of the one or more carboxamide fungicides, the one or more strobilurin fungicides and the one or more triazole fungicides applied lies in the range of from about 50 to about 1500 g/ha.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 76, wherein the carboxamide fungicide is applied in an amount of from 40 to 500 g/ha.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 77, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is applied in an amount of from 50 to 300 g/ha.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 78, wherein the triazole fungicide is applied in an amount of from 50 to 500 g/ha.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 79, wherein a composition according to any of claims 1 to 29 is employed.
The use according to any of claims 56 to 80, wherein the fungicide components are applied to the plants during both the pre-emergence state and the post-emergence stage.