WO2018014706A1 - 光充储换一体站及其配电方法 - Google Patents

光充储换一体站及其配电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018014706A1
WO2018014706A1 PCT/CN2017/090522 CN2017090522W WO2018014706A1 WO 2018014706 A1 WO2018014706 A1 WO 2018014706A1 CN 2017090522 W CN2017090522 W CN 2017090522W WO 2018014706 A1 WO2018014706 A1 WO 2018014706A1
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Prior art keywords
charging
power
energy
energy storage
storage battery
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PCT/CN2017/090522
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈炯
张建兴
沈斐
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蔚来汽车有限公司
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Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to US16/319,403 priority Critical patent/US20190263282A1/en
Priority to EP17830340.0A priority patent/EP3490095A1/en
Publication of WO2018014706A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018014706A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/221—General power management systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/248—UPS systems or standby or emergency generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle charging and replacing, and particularly relates to an optical charging and replacing integrated station and a power distribution method thereof.
  • the mainstream solution on the market today is an electric vehicle charging and replacing station that uses a charging mode and a power-changing mode.
  • the AC is equipped with an AC slow-fill pile or a DC fast-filled pile or directly replaces the exhausted battery with a fully charged battery pack. group.
  • there are charging and replacing power stations that use photovoltaic power generation and technologies such as grid connection and battery energy storage have also been widely used in charging and replacing power stations.
  • these technologies only open up a certain part of the energy storage and flow process, such as photovoltaic power generation to achieve solar to electrical energy conversion, AC charging piles to achieve the transmission of electrical energy from the power grid to electric vehicles.
  • the present invention combines the energy storage battery, the photovoltaic input, the peak-to-valley characteristics of the power grid, and the charging and replacing power demand of the electric vehicle user, taps the potential of the equipment, and energizes the power to realize the optimal configuration of the electric energy in time and space. .
  • the optical charging and replacing station includes a photovoltaic system, a power distribution system, a charging and discharging system, an energy storage battery, and a control system, wherein the photovoltaic system is configured to convert solar energy into first electrical energy, and pass the first electrical energy through the Transmitting and discharging system to the energy storage battery or fast charging plug, or transmitting the first electrical energy to the power grid or slow charging plug through the power distribution system; the power distribution system is configured to receive a second from the power grid And transmitting the second electrical energy to the slow charging plug or to the energy storage battery through the charging and discharging system; the charging and discharging system is configured to receive the first electrical energy and the first electrical energy The second electrical energy transmitted by the power distribution system, and transmitting the first electrical energy and the second electrical energy to the storage The battery and the fast charging plug; the energy storage
  • the photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic panel assembly and an inverter that converts solar energy into the first electrical energy, and the first electrical energy is converted by the inverter into After the alternating current flows to the power distribution system, the power distribution system receives the first electrical energy and transmits it to the electrical grid.
  • the charging and discharging system includes a DC-DC module and a bidirectional charging and discharging machine, and the first electric energy sent by the photovoltaic system passes through the DC-DC module.
  • the optical charging and replacing station further includes a power changing system for replacing a battery of the electric vehicle.
  • the power changing system includes a battery rack, a power exchange platform, and a power changing robot, wherein the battery rack is used for placing the energy storage battery; The electric vehicle is parked; the power changing robot is used to replace the battery of the electric vehicle and is capable of transporting the battery between the power exchange platform and the battery rack.
  • the control system includes a central control system, a monitoring system, a communication network interface, and a human-machine interaction interface, and the central control system is configured to charge and store the optical storage.
  • the station performs centralized control; the monitoring system is configured to monitor an operating state of the photovoltaic system, the power distribution system, the charging and discharging system, the energy storage battery, and the power exchange system; And connecting the photovoltaic system, the power distribution system, the charging and discharging system, the energy storage battery, and the power exchange system; the human-machine interaction interface is used by a user and the control system Information exchange.
  • the charging and discharging system further includes a charging and discharging rack and an electrical control system located in the charging and discharging rack.
  • the optical charging and replacing station further includes a charging container for accommodating the power distribution system, the charging and discharging system, the energy storage battery, and a storage station.
  • a battery rack for an energy storage battery and the control system.
  • the invention also provides a power distribution method for the above optical charging and replacing integrated station.
  • the photovoltaic system when the photovoltaic system is operable: if the electricity price of the power grid is at a low level, the first electrical energy sent by the photovoltaic system is performed on the energy storage battery through the DC-DC module Charging or directly charging the electric vehicle by means of the fast charging plug; if the electricity price of the power grid is at a high level, the first electric energy sent by the photovoltaic system is sent to the power grid or the slow charging plug through the power distribution system .
  • the power distribution system when the photovoltaic system is not suitable for operation: if the electricity price of the power grid is at a low level and/or the power exchange demand is large, the power distribution system transmits the second power sent by the power grid Sending to the energy storage battery to the slow charging plug or through the charging and discharging system; if the electricity price of the power grid is at a high level and/or the power replacement demand is small, the power distribution system receives the energy storage battery The third electrical energy transmitted by the two-way charge and discharge machine is transmitted to the electrical grid.
  • the optical charging and storage integrated station of the invention integrates the photovoltaic power generation system, the power distribution system, the charging and discharging system, the energy storage battery and the power exchange system reasonably, and the control system performs unified coordination, and the various systems are rationally configured and Dispatching to achieve reasonable configuration and flexible switching of electrical energy between photovoltaic systems, power grids, energy storage batteries and electric vehicles. Further, in order to respond to the economic adjustment means of the peak-to-valley difference of the grid, the peaking and valley filling can be realized by the power consumption strategy of the photovoltaic system and the energy storage battery.
  • the integrated optical storage and storage station not only has the functions of power exchange, fast charge and slow charge, but also can obtain power from the photovoltaic system and the power grid, and at the same time can feedback the energy of the energy storage battery and the photovoltaic system to the power grid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an optical charging and replacing integrated station of the present invention.
  • the charging and replacing power station that provides electric energy supply for electric vehicles
  • there are charging and replacing power stations that use photovoltaic systems to generate electricity AC charging piles that use direct power supply from the power grid, and DC charging.
  • the electric piles also have energy storage through the battery, which is fed back to the grid during the peak period of the standby power.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problem of how the energy can be optimally allocated in time and space, and to realize the rational distribution and scheduling of electric energy between the photovoltaic system, the power grid system, the energy storage system and the electric vehicle. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the optical charging and storage integrated station includes a photovoltaic system, a power distribution system, a charging and discharging system, an energy storage battery, and a control system.
  • the photovoltaic system is configured to convert solar energy into a first electrical energy, and send the first electrical energy to the energy storage battery or a fast charging plug through the charging and discharging system, or pass the first electrical energy through the matching
  • the electrical system is sent to the grid or to a slow charging plug
  • the power distribution system is configured to receive second electrical energy from the electrical grid and transmit the second electrical energy to the slow charging plug or to the energy storage through the charging and discharging system a battery
  • a charge and discharge system configured to receive the first electrical energy transmitted by the photovoltaic system and the second electrical energy transmitted by the electrical distribution system, and transmit the first electrical energy and the second electrical energy to the An energy storage battery and the fast charge plug
  • the energy storage battery is configured to receive and store the first electrical energy and the second electrical energy sent by the charging and discharging system
  • the control system is configured
  • the photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic panel assembly and an inverter, and the power distribution system is connected to the power grid through a transformer (see “electric energy flow” in the upper left corner of FIG. 1), and the charging and discharging system includes a DC-DC module and a two-way charging and discharging machine.
  • a charging and discharging rack for placing a two-way charge and discharge machine and an electrical control system located in the charging and discharging rack.
  • the first electrical energy is converted into alternating current by the inverter and then flows to the power distribution system, and the power distribution system receives the first electrical energy and can transmit the same to the power grid; on the other hand, the photovoltaic panel component converts the solar energy into the first electrical energy. Then, charge the energy storage battery directly through the DC-DC module, or directly charge the electric vehicle with the quick charge plug.
  • the power distribution system first receives the second power from the power grid.
  • the second electrical energy can be directly charged to the electric vehicle by means of a slow charging plug; on the other hand, the second electrical energy received by the power distribution system from the power grid is sent to the energy storage battery through the two-way charging and discharging machine.
  • the energy storage battery is used for storing the first electric energy and the second electric energy.
  • the energy storage battery can also send the stored third electric energy to the stored electric energy through the bidirectional charging and discharging machine. Distribution System.
  • the optical charge storage and replacement station further includes a power change system for replacing the battery of the electric vehicle.
  • the power changing system includes a battery rack and a change Electric platform and changing robot.
  • the battery rack is used for placing the energy storage battery (the energy storage battery shown in FIG. 1 is placed on the battery rack);
  • the power exchange platform is used for parking the electric vehicle;
  • the power exchange robot is used to replace the battery of the electric vehicle and can be changed Transport the battery between the platform and the battery holder.
  • the electric vehicle needs to be changed, the electric vehicle is first parked on the power exchange platform, and the power-changing robot removes the low-power battery of the electric vehicle and transports it to the battery rack, and then removes the fully-charged battery from the battery rack. Change the electric vehicle to the power exchange platform.
  • the optical charging and storage integrated station further includes a control system for controlling the operating states of the photovoltaic system, the power distribution system, the charging and discharging system, and the energy storage battery.
  • the control system includes a central control system, a monitoring system, a communication network interface, and a human-computer interaction interface.
  • the central control system is used for centralized control of the optical charging and storage integration station, and the management personnel allocates and dispatches the electric energy between the photovoltaic system, the power grid and the energy storage battery through the central control system;
  • the monitoring system is used for monitoring the photovoltaic system, The operating status of the power distribution system, charge and discharge system, energy storage battery and power exchange system, the management personnel can monitor the equipment by installing cameras, sensors, alarm devices, etc. in the station, and notify the management personnel when the equipment in the station is abnormal.
  • communication network interface is used to connect the communication between photovoltaic system, power distribution system, charge and discharge system, energy storage battery and power exchange system;
  • human-computer interaction interface is used for user and control system to exchange information, through human-computer interaction The interface can perform unified operation and management on each system in the optical charging and storage integration station.
  • the present invention centrally places the power distribution system, the charging and discharging system, the energy storage battery, and the battery rack and the control system for storing the energy storage battery in the charging container, and at the same time Make it easier for managers to manage.
  • an air conditioner and a warm air are also disposed in the charging container to adjust the temperature of each device in the container at any time.
  • the present invention also provides a power distribution method performed by using the optical charge storage and replacement station, as follows:
  • the photovoltaic system is able to work: If the electricity price of the grid is at a low level, the first electric energy sent by the photovoltaic system charges the energy storage battery through the DC-DC module or directly charges the electric vehicle with the fast charge plug; if the electricity price of the power grid is at In the high position, the first electrical energy sent by the photovoltaic system is sent to the grid or the slow charging plug through the power distribution system.
  • the power distribution system sends the second power sent by the power grid to the slow charging plug or to the energy storage through the charging and discharging system. Battery; if the electricity price of the grid is high The bit and/or the need for power change is small, and the power distribution system receives the third power transmitted by the energy storage battery via the two-way charge and discharge machine and transmits it to the power grid.
  • the optical charging and storage integrated station of the present invention integrates photovoltaic power generation system, power distribution system, charging and discharging system, energy storage battery and power exchange system reasonably, and realizes photovoltaic system, power grid and energy storage battery.
  • Reasonable configuration and flexible switching of electrical energy with electric vehicles and the ability to respond to the economic adjustment of grid peak-to-valley difference, using photovoltaic power generation and energy storage batteries to achieve peak shaving.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种光充储换一体站及其配电方法，属于电动汽车充换电技术领域，解决了现有充换电站中的能量存储和流动过程比较单一的问题。该光充储换一体站包括光伏系统、配电系统、充放电系统、储能电池以及控制系统。通过合理地利用和分配光伏系统产生的第一电能、配电系统接收的电网的第二电能、储能电池自身的第三电能和电动汽车的补电需求，实现光伏系统、电网、储能电池和电动汽车之间电能的灵活切换。进一步，为了响应电网峰谷差价的经济调节手段，可以通过光伏系统和储能电池实现削峰填谷。

Description

光充储换一体站及其配电方法 技术领域
本发明属于电动汽车充换电技术领域，具体涉及一种光充储换一体站及其配电方法。
背景技术
随着电动汽车的推广，如何及时有效地为电量不足的电动汽车提供电能补给已成为厂商和车主都非常关注的问题。当前市场上的主流解决方案是采用充电模式和换电模式的电动汽车充换电站，在停车位配置AC慢充桩或者DC快充桩或者直接用充满电的电池组更换能量已耗尽的电池组。此外，还有利用光伏发电的充换电站，而且并网、电池储能等技术也已经广泛应用在充换电站中。然而，这些技术都只打通了能量存储和流动过程中的某一环节，比如光伏发电实现了太阳能到电能的转换，交流充电桩实现了电能从电网到电动汽车的传输等。
因此，为了解决上述问题，本发明结合储能电池、光伏输入、电网的峰谷特性以及电动汽车用户的充换电需求，挖掘设备潜力，打通电能流通，实现电能在时间和空间上的优化配置。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有充换电站中的能量存储和流动过程单一的问题，本发明提供了一种光充储换一体站。该光充储换一体站包括光伏系统、配电系统、充放电系统、储能电池以及控制系统，所述光伏系统用于将太阳能转化成第一电能，并将所述第一电能通过所述充放电系统发送到所述储能电池或快充插头，或者将所述第一电能通过所述配电系统发送到电网或慢充插头；所述配电系统用于从所述电网接收第二电能并将所述第二电能发送到所述慢充插头或通过所述充放电系统发送到所述储能电池；所述充放电系统用于接收所述光伏系统发送的所述第一电能和所述配电系统发送的所述第二电能，并将所述第一电能和所述第二电能发送给所述储 能电池和所述快充插头；所述储能电池用于接收所述充放电系统发送的所述第一电能和所述第二电能并进行存储；所述控制系统用于控制所述光伏系统、所述配电系统、所述充放电系统和所述储能电池的运行状态。
在上述光充储换一体站的优选实施方式中，所述光伏系统包括将太阳能转化为所述第一电能的光伏板组件和逆变器，所述第一电能经所述逆变器转换为交流电后流向所述配电系统，所述配电系统接收所述第一电能并将其发送给所述电网。
在上述光充储换一体站的优选实施方式中，所述充放电系统包括DC-DC模块和双向充放电机，所述光伏系统发送的所述第一电能通过所述DC-DC模块对所述储能电池进行充电或者借助所述快充插头对电动汽车直接充电；所述双向充放电机用于将所述配电系统发送的所述第二电能发送给所述储能电池或者将来自所述储能电池的第三电能发送给所述配电系统。
在上述光充储换一体站的优选实施方式中，所述光充储换一体站还包括换电系统，所述换电系统用于对电动汽车的电池进行更换。
在上述光充储换一体站的优选实施方式中，所述换电系统包括电池架、换电平台和换电机器人，所述电池架用于放置所述储能电池；所述换电平台用于停放电动汽车；所述换电机器人用于更换电动汽车的电池并且能够在所述换电平台和所述电池架之间运送电池。
在上述光充储换一体站的优选实施方式中，所述控制系统包括中控系统、监控系统、通信网络接口和人机交互界面，所述中控系统用于对所述光充储换一体站进行集中控制；所述监控系统用于监控所述光伏系统、所述配电系统、所述充放电系统、所述储能电池和所述换电系统的运行状态；所述通信网络接口用于连接所述光伏系统、所述配电系统、所述充放电系统、所述储能电池和所述换电系统之间的通信；所述人机交互界面用于用户与所述控制系统进行信息交互。
在上述光充储换一体站的优选实施方式中，所述充放电系统还包括充放电机架以及位于所述充放电机架内的电气控制系统。
在上述光充储换一体站的优选实施方式中，所述光充储换一体站还包括充电集装箱，用于容纳所述配电系统、所述充放电系统、所述储能电池和放置所述储能电池的电池架以及所述控制系统。
本发明还提供了一种用于上述光充储换一体站的配电方法。在该方法中，当所述光伏系统能够工作时：如果所述电网的电价处于低位，则由所述光伏系统发送的所述第一电能通过所述DC-DC模块对所述储能电池进行充电或者借助所述快充插头对电动汽车直接充电；如果所述电网的电价处于高位，则所述光伏系统发送的所述第一电能通过所述配电系统发送到所述电网或慢充插头。
在上述配电方法中，当所述光伏系统不适宜工作时：如果所述电网的电价处于低位并且/或者换电需求较大，则所述配电系统将所述电网发送的第二电能发送到所述慢充插头或通过所述充放电系统发送到所述储能电池；如果所述电网的电价处于高位并且/或者换电需求较小，则所述配电系统接收所述储能电池经所述双向充放电机发送的第三电能并将其发送给所述电网。
本发明的光充储换一体站将光伏发电系统、配电系统、充放电系统、储能电池以及换电系统合理地整合到一起，由控制系统进行统一协调，通过对各个系统进行合理配置和调度，实现光伏系统、电网、储能电池和电动汽车之间的电能的合理配置和灵活切换。进一步，为了响应电网峰谷差价的经济调节手段，可以通过光伏系统和储能电池的用电策略实现削峰填谷。整合后的光充储一体站不但具有换电、快充和慢充的功能，还能够从光伏系统和电网获得电能，同时又能够将储能电池以及光伏系统的电能反馈给电网。
附图说明
图1是本发明的光充储换一体站的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
目前，为电动汽车提供电能补给的充换电站中，有采用光伏系统发电的充换电站、有采用电网直接供电的交流充电桩和直流充 电桩，也有通过电池储能，以备用电高峰期时回馈给电网。本发明的目的在于解决能源如何在时间和空间上的优化配置，实现电能在光伏系统、电网系统、储能系统以及电动汽车之间的合理分配和调度的问题。具体而言，如图1所示，本发明提供的光充储换一体站包括光伏系统、配电系统、充放电系统、储能电池以及控制系统。其中，光伏系统用于将太阳能转化成第一电能，并将所述第一电能通过所述充放电系统发送到所述储能电池或快充插头，或者将所述第一电能通过所述配电系统发送到电网或慢充插头；配电系统用于从所述电网接收第二电能并将所述第二电能发送到所述慢充插头或通过所述充放电系统发送到所述储能电池；充放电系统用于接收所述光伏系统发送的所述第一电能和所述配电系统发送的所述第二电能，并将所述第一电能和所述第二电能发送给所述储能电池和所述快充插头；储能电池用于接收所述充放电系统发送的所述第一电能和所述第二电能并进行存储；控制系统用于控制所述光伏系统、所述配电系统、所述充放电系统和所述储能电池的运行状态。接下来结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。
继续参照图1，光伏系统包括光伏板组件和逆变器，配电系统通过变压器与电网连接(见图1左上角的“电能流动”)，充放电系统包括DC-DC模块、双向充放电机、用于放置双向充放电机的充放电机架以及位于充放电机架内的电气控制系统。光伏系统工作时，首先通过光伏板组件将太阳能转化为第一电能。一方面，该第一电能经逆变器转换为交流电后流向配电系统，配电系统接收该第一电能后将其能发送给电网；另一方面，光伏板组件将太阳能转化为第一电能后，直接通过DC-DC模块对储能电池进行充电，或者借助快充插头对电动汽车直接充电。配电系统工作时，首先配电系统从电网接收第二电能。一方面，该第二电能可以借助慢充插头对电动汽车直接充电；另一方面，配电系统将从电网接收的第二电能通过双向充放电机发送给储能电池。需要说明的是，储能电池用于存储第一电能和第二电能，在适当的情况下，比如用电高峰期，储能电池还可以通过双向充放电机将其存储的第三电能发送给配电系统。
继续参照图1，光充储换一体站还包括换电系统，其用于对电动汽车的电池进行更换。具体而言，该换电系统包括电池架、换 电平台和换电机器人。其中，电池架用于放置储能电池(图1所示的储能电池放置于电池架上)；换电平台用于停放电动汽车；换电机器人用于更换电动汽车的电池并且能够在换电平台和电池架之间运送电池。当电动汽车需要换电时，首先将电动汽车停放在换电平台上，换电机器人将电动汽车的低电量电池卸下后运送到电池架上，然后从电池架上取下满电量的电池运送到换电平台对电动汽车进行换电。
继续参照图1，光充储换一体站还包括控制系统，其用于控制光伏系统、配电系统、充放电系统和储能电池的运行状态。具体而言，该控制系统包括中控系统、监控系统、通信网络接口和人机交互界面。其中，中控系统用于对光充储换一体站进行集中控制，管理人员通过中控系统对光伏系统、电网和储能电池之间的电能进行分配和调度；监控系统用于监控光伏系统、配电系统、充放电系统、储能电池和换电系统的运行状态，管理人员可以通过在站内安装摄像头、传感器、警报装置等监控设备实施监控，当站内的设备出现异常时能够及时通知管理人员进行维修；通信网络接口用于连接光伏系统、配电系统、充放电系统、储能电池和换电系统之间的通信；人机交互界面用于用户与控制系统进行信息交互，通过人机交互界面能够对光充储换一体站内的各个系统进行统一操作和管理。
进一步，为了使整个光充储换一体站更集约化，本发明将配电系统、充放电系统、储能电池和放置储能电池的电池架以及控制系统集中放置在充电集装箱内，同时还能使管理人员更为方便地进行管理。并且，在该充电集装箱内还设置有空调及暖通，以便随时调节集装箱内各个设备的温度。
为了响应电网峰谷差价的经济调节手段，合理利用光伏发电和储能电池削峰填谷，本发明还提供了一种利用该光充储换一体站执行的配电方法，具体如下：当所述光伏系统能够工作时：如果电网的电价处于低位，则由光伏系统发送的第一电能通过DC-DC模块对储能电池进行充电或者借助快充插头对电动汽车直接充电；如果电网的电价处于高位，则光伏系统发送的第一电能通过配电系统发送到电网或慢充插头。当所述光伏系统不适宜工作时：如果电网的电价处于低位并且/或者换电需求较大，则配电系统将电网发送的第二电能发送到慢充插头或通过充放电系统发送到储能电池；如果电网的电价处于高 位并且/或者换电需求较小，则配电系统接收储能电池经双向充放电机发送的第三电能并将其发送给电网。
综上所述，本发明的光充储换一体站将光伏发电系统、配电系统、充放电系统、储能电池以及换电系统合理的整合到一起，实现了光伏系统、电网、储能电池和电动汽车之间的电能的合理配置和灵活切换，并且能够响应电网峰谷差价的经济调节手段，利用光伏发电和储能电池实现削峰填谷。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光充储换一体站，其特征在于，所述光充储换一体站包括光伏系统、配电系统、充放电系统、储能电池以及控制系统，
    所述光伏系统用于将太阳能转化成第一电能，并将所述第一电能通过所述充放电系统发送到所述储能电池或快充插头，或者将所述第一电能通过所述配电系统发送到电网或慢充插头；
    所述配电系统用于从所述电网接收第二电能并将所述第二电能发送到所述慢充插头或通过所述充放电系统发送到所述储能电池；
    所述充放电系统用于接收所述光伏系统发送的所述第一电能和所述配电系统发送的所述第二电能，并将所述第一电能和所述第二电能发送给所述储能电池和所述快充插头；
    所述储能电池用于接收所述充放电系统发送的所述第一电能和所述第二电能并进行存储；
    所述控制系统用于控制所述光伏系统、所述配电系统、所述充放电系统和所述储能电池的运行状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光充储换一体站，其特征在于，所述光伏系统包括将太阳能转化为所述第一电能的光伏板组件和逆变器，所述第一电能经所述逆变器转换为交流电后流向所述配电系统，所述配电系统接收所述第一电能并将其发送给所述电网。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光充储换一体站，其特征在于，所述充放电系统包括DC-DC模块和双向充放电机，所述光伏系统发送的所述第一电能通过所述DC-DC模块对所述储能电池进行充电或者借助所述快充插头对电动汽车直接充电；所述双向充放电机用于将所述配电系统发送的所述第二电能发送给所述储能电池或者将来自所述储能电池的第三电能发送给所述配电系统。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的光充储换一体站，其特征在于，所述光充储换一体站还包括换电系统，所述换电系统用于对电动汽车的电池进行更换。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光充储换一体站，其特征在于，所述换电系统包括电池架、换电平台和换电机器人，
    所述电池架用于放置所述储能电池；
    所述换电平台用于停放电动汽车；
    所述换电机器人用于更换电动汽车的电池并且能够在所述换电平台和所述电池架之间运送电池。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光充储换一体站，其特征在于，所述控制系统包括中控系统、监控系统、通信网络接口和人机交互界面，
    所述中控系统用于对所述光充储换一体站进行集中控制；
    所述监控系统用于监控所述光伏系统、所述配电系统、所述充放电系统、所述储能电池和所述换电系统的运行状态；
    所述通信网络接口用于连接所述光伏系统、所述配电系统、所述充放电系统、所述储能电池和所述换电系统之间的通信；
    所述人机交互界面用于用户与所述控制系统进行信息交互。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光充储换一体站，其特征在于，所述充放电系统还包括充放电机架以及位于所述充放电机架内的电气控制系统。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的光充储换一体站，其特征在于，所述光充储换一体站还包括充电集装箱，用于容纳所述配电系统、所述充放电系统、所述储能电池和放置所述储能电池的电池架以及所述控制系统。
  9. 一种用于权利要求1至8中任一项所述的光充储换一体站的配电方法，其特征在于，当所述光伏系统能够工作时：
    如果所述电网的电价处于低位，则由所述光伏系统发送的所述第一电能通过所述DC-DC模块对所述储能电池进行充电或者借助所述快充插头对电动汽车直接充电；
    如果所述电网的电价处于高位，则所述光伏系统发送的所述第一 电能通过所述配电系统发送到所述电网或慢充插头。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的配电方法，其特征在于，当所述光伏系统不适宜工作时：
    如果所述电网的电价处于低位并且/或者换电需求较大，则所述配电系统将所述电网发送的第二电能发送到所述慢充插头或通过所述充放电系统发送到所述储能电池；
    如果所述电网的电价处于高位并且/或者换电需求较小，则所述配电系统接收所述储能电池经所述双向充放电机发送的第三电能并将其发送给所述电网。
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