WO2018002997A1 - 生成物の製造方法及び製造装置 - Google Patents
生成物の製造方法及び製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018002997A1 WO2018002997A1 PCT/JP2016/069052 JP2016069052W WO2018002997A1 WO 2018002997 A1 WO2018002997 A1 WO 2018002997A1 JP 2016069052 W JP2016069052 W JP 2016069052W WO 2018002997 A1 WO2018002997 A1 WO 2018002997A1
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- Prior art keywords
- product
- liquid
- raw material
- washing
- producing
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008155 medical solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012261 overproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020083 shōchū Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
- B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
- C10L2290/148—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/32—Molding or moulds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/50—Screws or pistons for moving along solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/545—Washing, scrubbing, stripping, scavenging for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a product manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus.
- plant wastes such as (a) waste vegetables due to overproduction, vegetable scraps, cut vegetable scraps, okara, roadside tree cuttings, thinned wood, sawdust, wheat straw, rice straw, rice husks and other crops and crops Processed product residue, (b) Beverage residue such as shochu squeezed rice cake, sake squeezed rice cake, fruit sake squeezed rice cake, soy sauce squeezed rice cake, tea leaves, fruit juice squeezed rice cake, (c) after squeezing palm oil from palm fruit Residues such as EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch) have been disposed of by methods such as drying, incineration, and landfill.
- EFB Empty Fruit Bunch
- an object of the present invention is to provide a product manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing a product from plant waste materials in a short time.
- One aspect according to the present invention is a method for producing a product by hydrolyzing a raw material containing plant waste and producing a product, wherein the raw material is hydrolyzed with steam. Including a treatment step, a washing step for washing the hydrolyzed raw material with a washing liquid, and a separation step for separating the washed raw material into a solid content and a liquid content, the solid content or the liquid content At least one of the products is the product.
- the separation step and the washing step may be repeated a plurality of times by returning to the washing step.
- the cleaning liquid in the cleaning step may be water.
- a drying step of drying the solid content may be included.
- a molding step of pelletizing the solid content may be included.
- biomass fuel may be produced from the solid content.
- liquid fertilizer may be produced from the liquid component.
- Another aspect according to the present invention is a product manufacturing apparatus for producing a product by hydrolyzing a raw material containing plant waste, and hydrolyzing the raw material with steam.
- This method for producing a product hydrolyzes a raw material containing plant waste to produce a product, and includes a hydrolysis treatment step, a washing step, and a solid-liquid separation step.
- the plant waste that is, the raw material is produced as EFB
- at least one of biomass fuel and liquid fertilizer is produced as a product.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be corn, banana, or the like.
- EFB is a residue after extracting palm oil from the palm palm fruit, it is cheap and can be obtained in large quantities.
- EFB When producing a product as it is in an oil mill, EFB may remain in the shape after oil extraction, but when transported to another place, etc., if necessary, it is about 100 mm to 10 mm or less by crushing means. It may be crushed to the size.
- EFB (Raw material input process) EFB is put into a processing container of a hydrolysis processing apparatus. At this time, the moisture adjusting material may be added simultaneously with the EFB.
- an adsorbing material capable of adsorbing the harmful heavy metal ions eluted by the hydrolysis treatment as well as water absorption may be used.
- the adsorbent may be an inorganic adsorbent, but is preferably an organic adsorbent.
- the EFB When EFB is charged into the processing container, the EFB may be stirred by rotating the stirring means in the processing container.
- the stirring means may be operated continuously or intermittently, but the rotation direction may be controlled by a timer so as to repeat forward rotation and reverse rotation every predetermined time.
- the polymer such as cellulose is reduced in molecular weight by hydrolyzing EFB. That is, plant fibers (plant cell walls and cell membranes) become brittle or destroyed. In addition, elements such as potassium, chlorine and chlorine in plant cells are eluted in the liquid.
- the EFB may be stirred by rotating the stirring means as in the raw material charging step.
- the stirring means may be operated continuously or intermittently, but the rotation direction may be controlled by a timer so as to repeat forward rotation and reverse rotation every predetermined time.
- the EFB hydrolyzed by the hydrolyzing device is simply removed from the liquid by a simple filter such as a metal mesh and discharged from the processing container. Note that the EFB may contain some moisture.
- the EFB before the hydrolysis treatment contains 32 g / Kg (3.24% DM) of potassium, but about 80% is eluted in the liquid by this hydrolysis treatment. That is, the EFB after the hydrolysis treatment contains only 7 g / Kg (0.7% DM) of potassium.
- the cleaning liquid may be water such as factory water or tap water, and it is preferable to use 5 times or more, preferably 10 to 20 times the volume of EFB.
- the temperature of the cleaning liquid may be from room temperature to about 60 ° C. The cleaning time is appropriately changed according to the amount of treatment, but about 15 to 30 minutes is sufficient.
- the washed EFB is sent to a solid-liquid separator and separated (dehydrated) into a solid content and a liquid content.
- a solid-liquid separation device such as a screw conveyor type (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-153790) is used that pushes and squeezes (dehydrates) the liquid from the solid EFB. Since it is a screw conveyor type
- the solid content (EFB) after this separation step contains only 4 g / Kg (0.4% DM) to 2 g / Kg (0.2% DM) or less of potassium.
- EFB solid content
- 14 g / Kg (1.42% DM) potassium is contained in the solid content (EFB). It has been confirmed by experiments that it is included.
- the process may be returned to the washing step, and the separation step and the washing step may be repeated a plurality of times, for example, twice or three times.
- the drying temperature is about 120 ° C to 200 ° C. In some cases, the molding step described below is performed first, and then this drying step is performed.
- the dried solid content is formed into pellets by a flat die type pelletizer for pelletizing the material.
- This pelletized solid contains only 3 g / Kg (0.3% DM) to 1 g / Kg (0.1% DM) or less of potassium.
- the calorific value of this pellet is about 4300 Kcal (18.0 MJ) / Kg to about 4500 Kcal (18.8 MJ) / Kg
- the calorific value of a general biomass fuel is 4000 Kcal (16.7 MJ) / Kg to 4200 Kcal ( Since it is about 17.5 MJ) / Kg, the calorific value is also improved.
- the method for producing a product according to the embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a product by hydrolyzing a raw material containing plant waste, and hydrolyzing the raw material with steam.
- the product manufacturing apparatus hydrolyzes a raw material containing plant waste to produce a product, and hydrolyzes the raw material with steam.
- the process is returned to the cleaning process, and the separation process and the cleaning process are repeated a plurality of times. This ensures that the product can be washed. Moreover, since potassium in a solid substance elutes into a washing
- the cleaning liquid in the cleaning process is water.
- a drying process for drying the solid content is included.
- a molding step for pelletizing the solid content is included. Thereby, handling, such as transportation of solid content, becomes easy.
- biomass fuel is manufactured from solid content.
- solid content hardly contains potassium, it can be used as a fuel.
- liquid fertilizer is produced from the liquid component.
- a liquid content contains many potassium, it can also be used as a liquid fertilizer as it is, and may be used also as one raw material of the component of a liquid fertilizer.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この生成物の製造方法は、植物性廃棄物を含む原料を加水分解処理し、生成物を製造するものであり、加水分解処理工程と、洗浄工程と、固液分離工程と、を含んでいる。ここでは、植物性廃棄物すなわち原料をEFBとして、バイオマス燃料及び液体肥料の少なくとも一方を生成物として製造するが、これに限られず、トウモロコシ、バナナなどでもよい。ただし、EFBは、パームヤシの実からパーム油を搾油した後の残渣であるため、安価であり、多量に入手可能である。
搾油工場でそのまま、生成物を製造する場合、EFBは、搾油後の形状のままでもよいが、他の場所に輸送して行う場合などは、必要に応じて、破砕手段で100mmから10mm以下程度の大きさに破砕されてもよい。
EFBは、加水分解処理装置の処理容器に投入される。このとき、EFBとともに水分調整材が、同時に投入されてもよい。水分調整材としては、吸水性とともに、加水分解処理で溶出させた有害重金属イオンなどを吸着可能な吸着材を使用してもよい。吸着材は、無機系吸着材でもよいが、有機系吸着材が好ましい。
処理容器が密閉状態にされると、蒸気源から蒸気が処理容器の内部に供給され、処理容器の内部が所定の圧力及び温度に加圧及び昇温される。このときの処理容器の内部圧力は、1.8MPaから3.0MPa程度であり、内部温度は180℃から230℃程度である。
処理容器の内部が所定の圧力及び温度に維持されると、EFBは、植物性の有機物であるため、加水分解処理され始める。蒸気の供給開始から所定の時間、例えば30分が経過すると、原料の加水分解処理がほぼ完了するため、蒸気の供給を停止し、加水分解処理を終了する。この加水分解処理工程により、EFBは加水分解処理される。なお、加水分解処理の時間は、処理量などに応じて適宜変更されるが、30分から2時間程度で十分である。
加水分解処理工程の終了後は、30分から60分を掛けて、処理容器の内部の圧力が常圧(0.1MPa)程度まで解放される。
加水分解処理装置で加水分解処理されたEFBは、金属メッシュなどの簡易フィルタで、液体分が簡易除去され、処理容器から排出される。なお、EFBは、多少の水分を含んでいてもよい。このとき、加水分解処理前のEFBには、32g/Kg(3.24%DM)のカリウムが含まれているが、この加水分解処理により、80%程度が液体分中に溶出する。つまり、加水分解処後のEFBには、7g/Kg(0.7%DM)のカリウムしか含まれていない。
一方、排出されたEFBは、洗浄装置に投入され、洗浄液に浸漬されて洗浄される。洗浄液は、工場用水又は水道水などの水でよく、EFBの体積の5倍以上、好ましく10倍から20倍を用いるとよい。洗浄液の温度は、常温から60℃程度であればよい。洗浄時間は、処理量などに応じて適宜変更されるが、15分から30分程度で十分である。
洗浄されたEFBは、固液分離装置に送られ、固形分と液体分とに分離(脱水)される。ここでは、簡易フィルタでなく、固形分であるEFBから液体分を押し絞る(脱水する)、スクリューコンベア型などの固液分離装置(例えば、特開2012-153790号公報参照。)が用いられる。スクリューコンベア型であると、連続的に固液分離を行うことができるため、生産性が良好となる。
分離された固形分は、若干水分を含んでいるため、乾燥装置で乾燥される。乾燥温度は、120℃から200℃程度である。なお、場合によっては、次に説明する成形工程を先に行い、その後に、この乾燥工程を行うこともある。
乾燥された固形分は、材料をペレット化するフラットダイ型のペレタイザーなどによりペレットに成形される。このペレット化された固形分には、3g/Kg(0.3%DM)から1g/Kg(0.1%DM)以下のカリウムしか含まれていない。また、このペレットの発熱量は、4300Kcal(18.0MJ)/Kgから4500Kcal(18.8MJ)/Kg程度であり、一般的なバイオマス燃料の発熱量が4000Kcal(16.7MJ)/Kgから4200Kcal(17.5MJ)/Kg程度であるから、発熱量も向上している。
また、本発明の実施形態に係る生成物の製造装置は、植物性廃棄物を含む原料を加水分解処理し、生成物を製造するものであって、原料を蒸気により加水分解処理する加水分解処理装置と、加水分解処理された原料を洗浄液で洗浄する洗浄装置と、洗浄された原料を固形分と液体分とに分離する固液分離装置と、を備えるものである。
Claims (8)
- 植物性廃棄物を含む原料を加水分解処理し、生成物を製造する生成物の製造方法であって、
前記原料を蒸気により加水分解処理する加水分解処理工程と、
加水分解処理された前記原料を洗浄液で洗浄する洗浄工程と、
洗浄された前記原料を固形分と液体分とに分離する固液分離工程と、を含み、
前記固形分又は前記液体分の少なくとも一方を前記生成物とする
ことを特徴とする生成物の製造方法。 - 前記分離工程の後、前記洗浄工程に戻し、前記分離工程及び前記洗浄工程を複数回繰り返す
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の生成物の製造方法。 - 前記洗浄工程の前記洗浄液は、水である
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の生成物の製造方法。 - 前記固形分を乾燥する乾燥工程を、含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の生成物の製造方法。 - 前記固形分をペレット化する成形工程を、含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の生成物の製造方法。 - 前記固形分から、バイオマス燃料を製造する
ことを特徴とする請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の生成物の製造方法。 - 前記液体分から、液体肥料を製造する
ことを特徴とする請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の生成物の製造方法。 - 植物性廃棄物を含む原料を加水分解処理し、生成物を製造する生成物の製造装置であって、
前記原料を蒸気により加水分解処理する加水分解処理装置と、
加水分解処理された前記原料を洗浄液で洗浄する洗浄装置と、
洗浄された前記原料を固形分と液体分とに分離する固液分離装置と、を備える
ことを特徴とする生成物の製造装置。
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