WO2018000895A1 - 一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片 - Google Patents

一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018000895A1
WO2018000895A1 PCT/CN2017/080333 CN2017080333W WO2018000895A1 WO 2018000895 A1 WO2018000895 A1 WO 2018000895A1 CN 2017080333 W CN2017080333 W CN 2017080333W WO 2018000895 A1 WO2018000895 A1 WO 2018000895A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
brake pad
heat insulating
hole
rivet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/080333
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈剑锋
杨昌坤
赵翔
肖凯
郑聃
李光宇
冯华
刘晓华
王岩
刘志伟
韩龙杰
李学强
肖震
杨鸿博
Original Assignee
北京北摩高科摩擦材料股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京北摩高科摩擦材料股份有限公司 filed Critical 北京北摩高科摩擦材料股份有限公司
Priority to US15/761,511 priority Critical patent/US10731721B2/en
Priority to JP2018501990A priority patent/JP6535411B2/ja
Priority to EP17818892.6A priority patent/EP3361117B1/en
Priority to CN201780002553.2A priority patent/CN109073016B/zh
Publication of WO2018000895A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018000895A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04Attachment of linings
    • F16D69/0408Attachment of linings specially adapted for plane linings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04Attachment of linings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/78Features relating to cooling
    • F16D65/84Features relating to cooling for disc brakes
    • F16D65/847Features relating to cooling for disc brakes with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61HBRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H5/00Applications or arrangements of brakes with substantially radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/78Features relating to cooling
    • F16D2065/785Heat insulation or reflection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D2069/005Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces having a layered structure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D2069/005Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces having a layered structure
    • F16D2069/006Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces having a layered structure comprising a heat-insulating layer
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04Attachment of linings
    • F16D2069/0425Attachment methods or devices
    • F16D2069/0433Connecting elements not integral with the braking member, e.g. bolts, rivets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F16D2200/0008Ferro
    • F16D2200/0021Steel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F16D2200/0026Non-ferro
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0061Joining
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0061Joining
    • F16D2250/0069Adhesive bonding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/02Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of trains, and in particular to an elastic adjusting brake pad for trains.
  • the friction braking structure of the train converts kinetic energy into heat energy by friction and is radiated into the air.
  • Disc brake systems are currently used in trains with higher speeds.
  • the disc brake is further divided into a disc brake and a disc brake.
  • the disc brake directly uses the outside of the wheel as a brake disc, and the disc brake is to mount the brake disc on the axle.
  • Both of the above disc brake structures are provided with brake pads distributed on both sides of the brake disc.
  • the brake disc When the train is running, the brake disc is integrated with the wheel or shaft of the vehicle. As the axle rotates at a high speed, the brake pad is relatively stationary.
  • the hydraulic cylinder transmits pressure to the brake pad, thereby pressing Tightening the brake disc generates a braking torque to achieve braking.
  • train brake pads are mainly divided into two categories: integral and split.
  • the integral type is to connect the friction material with the brake slab to form an integral brake piece; and the split type is to sinter the friction material and the steel back into a friction block, and then form a split type by connecting the structure of the slab with a spring, a spring, a riveting, and the like.
  • the integral brake pad has the characteristics of simple structure and process, and the split type brake pad has the characteristics of disassembly and assembly, convenient use and maintenance, etc.
  • the split type brake pad can also have the function of adjusting the gap by appropriate design to make the brake The surface of the brake friction material and the surface of the brake disc are better engaged at the time of braking to improve the braking efficiency.
  • a brake pad for a train although the brake shoe and the brake block are also movably connected, and the brake pad can adjust the friction material friction surface and the brake disk by using a disc spring.
  • the contact area of the surface improves the braking efficiency, but the defect is that the machining accuracy of the parts is high; although the surface contact area of each friction block and the brake disc can be adjusted separately, after using for a period of time, different brake blocks The frictional area between them becomes different, and even the respective adjustments do not ensure that the friction areas of all the brake pads are uniform or coordinated, so that the service life of the entire brake pad is shortened and the braking efficiency is affected.
  • the present invention provides a resilient adjusting brake pad for a train which can ensure a friction area at all times, improve braking efficiency, and prolong service life.
  • a resilient adjusting brake pad for a train comprising a brake bobbin provided with 18 fourth through holes, the brake bobbin being a semi-annular plate-like structure, the half
  • the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the annular plate-like structure are respectively provided with connecting portions bent toward the center line direction of the semi-annular plate-like structure, and the side surface of the connecting portion is provided with an opening toward the semi-annular plate-like structure a semi-circular groove in the center line direction
  • the two ends of the ram skeleton are arc-shaped structures, a central portion of the arc-shaped structure is provided with a first through hole, and an inner ring portion of the arc-shaped structure is provided a second through hole, wherein the middle portion of the ram skeleton is provided with two square third through holes
  • the brake ram further includes a brake block assembly and a helical compression spring;
  • the brake block assembly includes a brake a block, a rivet, a
  • a disc spring and a rivet sleeve are provided;
  • the fourth through hole is a stepped counterbore, and the stepped counterbore is formed by providing a secondary counterbore in the main counterbore;
  • the rivet sleeve is inserted in the brake block assembly Extending in the fourth through hole and in the main counterbore,
  • the spiral compression spring is sleeved on the outer side of the rivet sleeve, and one end of the rivet sleeve is provided with a card slot that is engaged with the circlip, and one end of the spiral compression spring abuts against the step where the secondary counterbore is located, and One end abuts against the lower end surface of the circlip; a plurality of anti-rotation pins are disposed between the static steel back and the brake frame.
  • the anti-rotation pin is disposed in the rotation preventing pin hole, and the rotation preventing pin hole is composed of a positioning hole on the back of the static steel and a blind hole corresponding to the positioning hole on the skeleton of the shutter.
  • the positioning holes on the back of the static steel are several, and the positioning holes are evenly distributed around the center of the steel back of the static sheet; in the brake block assembly, the positioning holes are located in the disc spring Outside of the circumference.
  • the friction block and the static steel back are mutually corresponding pentagons, one of the pentagons has a convex curved surface, and the other four sides are flat.
  • the outer end surface of the friction block is provided with a grinding grain.
  • the wear-increasing pattern of the outer end surface of the friction block is radially distributed around the center of the friction block.
  • friction block and the static steel back are bonded together by sintering to form a brake pad.
  • the side length of the friction block is smaller than the side length of the static steel back.
  • the friction block is made of a metal-based powder material.
  • the metal-based powder material is a copper-based powder metallurgy material.
  • a resilient adjusting brake pad for a train comprising a brake disc skeleton, wherein the brake disc skeleton is a semi-annular plate-like structure, and an inner side surface and an outer side surface of the semi-annular plate-shaped structure are respectively provided to the half a connecting portion bent in a center line direction of the annular plate-like structure, wherein a side central position of the connecting portion is provided with a semi-circular groove opening toward a center line of the semi-annular plate-like structure, and two of the brake frame
  • the end portion is an arc-shaped structure, the central portion of the arc-shaped structure is provided with a first through hole, the inner ring portion of the arc-shaped structure is provided with a second through hole, and the middle portion of the brake plate frame is provided with a third through hole a hole, characterized in that it further comprises a heat insulating structure, wherein:
  • the heat insulating structure includes a brake pad, a disc spring, and the brake pad and the disc spring a heat insulating gasket and a gasket, wherein the gasket is provided with a boss integral with the gasket on a side facing the disc spring, the inner diameter of the boss being greater than or equal to the disc spring
  • the outer diameter, the height value of the boss is smaller than the first thickness, and is greater than the thickness variation
  • the first thickness refers to the thickness of the disc spring when the maximum compression amount
  • the thickness variation is A difference between the first thickness and the second thickness, the second thickness being the thickness of the disc spring when it is uncompressed.
  • the insulating gasket includes a first insulating gasket and a second insulating gasket, the first insulating gasket being between the disc spring and the gasket, and the second insulating gasket is at Between the brake pad and the gasket.
  • first insulating gasket matches the shape of the disc spring
  • second insulating gasket matches the shape of the brake pad
  • first heat insulating gasket has the same shape as the disc spring
  • second heat insulating gasket has the same shape as the brake pad
  • the heat insulating gasket and the gasket are made of a material having a heat conduction coefficient smaller than a threshold.
  • first anti-rotation pin is connected between the ram skeleton and the shims
  • second anti-rotation pin is connected between the shims and the brake block, and the shims are coupled
  • the position of the first anti-rotation pin is different from the position of the spacer in which the second anti-rotation pin is coupled.
  • the heat insulating structure further includes a rivet and a rivet sleeve; the brake block is provided with a mounting hole for mounting the rivet;
  • a tail portion of the rivet is sequentially sleeved from the brake block, and the gasket, the heat insulating gasket, the disc spring and the rivet sleeve are sequentially sleeved; or the tail portion of the rivet is from the After the brake block is worn out, the heat insulating gasket, the gasket, the disc spring and the rivet sleeve are sequentially sleeved.
  • the brake block includes a friction block and a static steel back that are fixed together, and a plurality of rotation preventing pins are disposed between the static steel back and the brake frame.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation structure is less than a thermal conductivity of a material used for each component included in the thermal insulation structure.
  • the invention adopts the cooperation design of the spiral compression spring and the stepped counterbore, so that under the action of the spring force, the brake block assembly is pressed against the disc spring, and the disc spring is pressed against the back surface of the brake steel.
  • the 18 brake block assemblies have a spring tension, so that even if the parts have machining errors, the brake block assembly is in a tensioned state, there is no free state, which reduces the machining accuracy requirements of the parts and reduces the production. Cost; another significant improvement is that the surface of the 18 friction blocks can be ensured at all times, which is beneficial to ensure the friction area and improve the braking efficiency;
  • the matching design of the spiral compression spring and the butterfly spring causes the disc spring to receive a pre-tightening pressure. Through the check, the appropriate pre-tightening force can significantly improve the fatigue life of the disc spring;
  • the invention adopts a combined design between various structures, such as a modular design of a brake block and a brake block assembly, after the brake block assembly is assembled, the rivet sleeve is passed through the fourth through hole, and at the same time A non-rotating pin is placed between the blind back of the brake shoe and the steel back of the stator, and then the spiral compression spring is inserted into the circlip, and the circlip is inserted into the slot of the rivet sleeve, so that the circlip is passed through the circlip
  • the brake block assembly, the spiral compression spring and the brake steel back are connected to each other, which significantly speeds up the assembly efficiency of the entire structure, and greatly improves the work efficiency during disassembly, replacement and maintenance during use. It is especially important for trains that have high requirements for maintenance time.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective structural view of a resilient adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the elastic adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a rear elevational view of the elastic adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a rear elevational view of the brake shoe skeleton of the elastic adjusting brake pad for train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a front view of the static steel back in the elastic adjusting brake pad for train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a front elevational view of the friction block of the elastic adjusting brake pad for train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a front elevational view showing the structure of the static steel back and the friction block installed in the elastic adjusting brake pad for train according to the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line G-G of Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of a gasket in a resilient adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view showing the structure of the elastic adjusting brake pad for train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a front elevational view of the elastic adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 is a rear elevational view of the elastic adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 16;
  • Figure 20 is a rear elevational view of the brake shoe skeleton of the elastic adjusting brake pad for train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 20;
  • Figure 22 is a front elevational view of the static steel back of the elastic adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 22;
  • Figure 24 is a front elevational view of the friction block in the elastic adjusting brake pad for train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Figure 24;
  • Figure 26 is a front elevational view showing the installation of the static steel back and the friction block in the elastic adjusting brake pad for train according to the present invention
  • Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F of Figure 26;
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic view of the elastic adjusting brake pad for a train including a first heat insulating gasket and a second heat insulating gasket;
  • 29 is a schematic view showing a double-stop pin structure in a resilient adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view showing the heat insulating structure of the elastic adjusting brake pad for train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic view of the elastic adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 32 is a partial schematic view showing the elastic adjusting brake pad for a train according to the present invention.
  • the markings of the various components in the schematic view of the brake pad 100 can be as follows:
  • a brake-type brake pad for a train includes a brake shoe frame 1 provided with 18 fourth through holes 18, and the brake shoe frame 1 has a semi-annular plate-like structure.
  • the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the semi-annular plate-like structure are respectively provided with connecting portions 17 bent toward the center line direction of the semi-annular plate-like structure, and the side surface of the connecting portion 17 is provided with an opening to the half a semicircular groove 8 in the direction of the center line of the annular plate-like structure, the two ends of the shutter frame 1 are arc-shaped structures 12, and a central portion of the arc-shaped structure 12 is provided with a first through hole 11
  • the inner ring portion of the arc-shaped structure 12 is provided with a second through hole 13
  • the middle portion of the shutter frame 1 is provided with two square third through holes 14
  • the brake pad is further included
  • a brake block assembly and a helical compression spring 6 are included; the brake block assembly includes a brake block 16, a rivet 4,
  • the spiral compression spring 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the rivet sleeve 3 , and one end of the rivet sleeve 3 is provided with an elastic block a slot of the ring 2 is engaged, one end of the spiral compression spring 6 abuts against the step where the secondary counterbore 20 is located, and the other end abuts against the lower end surface of the circlip 2; 7 and a plurality of anti-rotation pins 9 are arranged between the brake shoe frame 1.
  • the rotation preventing pin 9 is disposed in the rotation preventing pin hole, and the rotation preventing pin hole is composed of a positioning hole on the static steel back 7 and a blind hole corresponding to the positioning hole on the shutter frame 1.
  • the positioning holes on the static steel back 7 are several, and the positioning holes are evenly distributed around the center of the static steel back 7; in the brake block assembly, the positioning holes are located in the disc spring 5 Outside of the circumference.
  • the friction block 10 and the static steel back 7 are mutually corresponding pentagons, one of the pentagons has a convex curved surface, and the other four sides are flat.
  • the outer end surface of the friction block 10 is provided with a grinding grain.
  • the wear-increasing pattern of the outer end surface of the friction block 10 is radially distributed around the center of the friction block 10.
  • the friction block 10 and the stationary steel back 7 are bonded together by sintering to form the brake pad 16.
  • the side length of the friction block 10 is smaller than the side length of the static steel back 7.
  • the friction block 10 is made of a metal-based powder material.
  • the metal-based powder material is a copper-based powder metallurgy material.
  • Elastically adjustable brake pad 100 In order to ensure the reliability of the disc spring, it can maintain sufficient strength and elasticity during the life cycle of the brake pad, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the elastic adjustment function of the brake pad, and the present invention proposes another train. Elastically adjustable brake pad 100.
  • the elastic adjusting brake pad 100 for the train comprises a brake disc skeleton 1, and the brake disc skeleton 1 a semi-annular plate-like structure, the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the semi-annular plate-like structure are respectively provided with a connecting portion 20 bent toward the center line direction of the semi-annular plate-like structure, and the side center of the connecting portion 20
  • the position is provided with a semi-circular groove 13 opening toward the center line of the semi-annular plate-like structure, and the two ends of the shutter frame 1 are arc-shaped structures 15, and the center portion of the arc-shaped structure 15 is provided
  • a second through hole 16 is defined in an inner ring portion of the curved structure 15
  • a third through hole 17 is defined in an intermediate portion of the brake frame 1 , which is characterized in that the heat insulating structure is further included 23, where:
  • the heat insulating structure 23 includes a brake block 19, a disc spring 5, and a heat insulating gasket 24, a gasket 8 between the brake block 19 and the disc spring 5, that is, a heat insulating structure 23 is a multilayer structure including a brake pad 19, a disc spring 5, a heat insulating gasket 24, and a gasket 8.
  • the spacer 8 is provided with a boss 25 integral with the spacer 8 on a side facing the disc spring 5, the inner diameter of the boss 25 being greater than or equal to the outside of the disc spring 5 a diameter, the height value of the boss 25 is smaller than a first thickness, and is greater than a thickness variation, the first thickness being a thickness when the disc spring 5 is at a maximum compression amount, and the thickness variation is A difference between the first thickness and the second thickness, the second thickness being the thickness of the disc spring 5 when it is uncompressed.
  • the boss 25 can protect the disc spring 5 from falling off due to damage, and the boss 25 can be understood with reference to FIG.
  • an air film can be formed between adjacent members in the heat insulating structure 23, and the heat on the friction surface during braking can be effectively prevented from being transmitted to the side of the disc spring 5.
  • FIG. 15 to FIG. 27 are schematic diagrams showing the elastic adjusting brake pad 100 for trains and some components thereof in the embodiment of the present invention, and the elastic adjustment system for trains proposed by the present invention is provided.
  • the flap 100 and its components can be understood with reference to Figures 15-27.
  • the heat insulating gasket 24 may include a gasket or a plurality of gaskets. When only one gasket is included, the heat insulating gasket may be located between the gasket 8 and the brake block 19, or may be located in the gasket. Between 8 and the disc spring 5, it is not specifically limited herein.
  • the heat insulating gasket 24 includes a first heat insulating gasket 6 and a second insulating gasket 9, the first insulating gasket 6 being between the disc spring 5 and the gasket 8, the second insulating gasket 9 being in the brake pad 19 and the mat Between slices 8.
  • the first heat insulating gasket 6 is matched with the shape of the disc spring 5, and the second heat insulating gasket 9 matches the shape of the brake block 19.
  • the first heat insulating gasket 6 has the same shape as the disc spring 5
  • the second heat insulating gasket 9 has the same shape as the brake block 19, as shown in the figure. 28 is shown.
  • the heat insulating gasket 24 and the gasket 8 are optionally made of a material having a heat conduction coefficient smaller than a threshold.
  • the heat insulating structure 23 has the heat insulating gasket 24 and the gasket 8 added to the previous brake block assembly, if a rotation preventing pin is used, the length of the rotation preventing pin is increased, and thus, the length The increased anti-rotation pin is subjected to a large torque, which is easy to cause the rotation of the anti-rotation pin, resulting in the failure of the elastic adjustment structure.
  • the present invention uses a double anti-rotation pin instead of the length. The increased stop pin, in this way, since the length of the double stop pin does not increase, it is possible to avoid increasing the torque when the turn pin is stressed.
  • the friction block 12 in order to prevent the brake block 19 from being pressed and collided during the operation, the friction block 12 is damaged or detached, and the brake pad 100 adopts a double stop pin.
  • the shutter frame 1 and the spacer 8 are connected by a first rotation preventing pin 7, and a second rotation preventing pin 10 is adopted between the spacer 8 and the brake block 19.
  • the position in the spacer 8 in which the first rotation preventing pin 7 is coupled is different from the position in the spacer 8 in which the second rotation preventing pin 10 is coupled.
  • the double stop pin used in the embodiment of the present invention can also avoid misalignment of the components in the heat insulating structure 23 and the heat insulating structure 23 before assembly of the shutter frame 1, affecting the installation and floating functions.
  • the heat insulating structure 23 further includes a rivet 4 and a rivet sleeve 3; the brake block 19 is provided with a mounting hole for mounting the rivet 4;
  • the tail portion of the rivet 4 is sequentially sleeved from the brake block 19, and the gasket 8, the heat insulating gasket 24, the disc spring 5 and the rivet sleeve 3 are sequentially sleeved; or After the tail portion of the rivet 4 is passed out from the brake block 19, the heat insulating gasket 24, the gasket 8, the disc spring 5 and the rivet sleeve 3 are sequentially sleeved.
  • the anti-rotation pin may be disposed on the circle larger than the outer diameter of the disc spring 5 with the rivet 4 as the center, and the double-stop pin structure adopts the two-point fixing principle, so that It is avoided that the components in the heat insulating structure 23 are rotated at a large angle with the rivet 4 as an axis.
  • the brake block 19 includes a friction block 12 and a static steel back 11 which are fixed together, and a plurality of between the static steel back 11 and the brake frame 1 are provided. Stop resale.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation structure 23 is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the material used by each component included in the thermal insulation structure 23.
  • one or more fourth through holes 21 may be disposed on the shutter frame 1.
  • 18 fourth through holes 21 are provided.
  • 18 is a specific example, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • FIGS. 31 and 32 a specific schematic diagram of the elastic adjusting brake pad 100 for a train is also shown, as shown in FIGS. 31 and 32.
  • the elastic adjustment brake pad 100 for trains proposed in the embodiments of the present invention can be assembled as follows:
  • Step 1 Pass the rivet 4 through the center hole of the brake block 19;
  • Step 2 passing the rivet 4 through the central hole of the second insulating gasket 9;
  • Step 3 placing the second anti-rotation pin 10 into the positioning holes of the second insulating gasket 9 and the brake block 19;
  • Step 4 insert the rivet 4 through the center hole of the gasket 8, and insert the second rotation preventing pin 10 into the positioning blind hole of the gasket 8 (the positioning blind hole is located in the side of the gasket 8 where the boss is not provided);
  • Step 5 passing the rivet 4 through the center hole of the first heat insulating gasket 6;
  • Step 6 Pass the rivet 4 through the center hole of the disc spring 5;
  • the convex surface of the disc spring 5 is in contact with the first heat insulating gasket 6.
  • Step 7 the rivet sleeve 3 is placed on the rivet 4, and riveted to form an integrated thermal insulation structure 23;
  • Step 8 insert the first rotation preventing pin 7 into the rotation preventing pin hole of the shutter frame 1;
  • Step 9 passing the rivet sleeve 3 through the fourth through hole 21 of the brake slab 1 and inserting the first rotation preventing pin 7 into the positioning blind hole of the spacer 8;
  • Step 10 The brake bobbin 1 has one side of the connecting portion 20, and the circlip 2 is fitted into the annular groove of the rivet sleeve 3.
  • step 9 and 10 may be repeatedly performed to complete the assembly of the entire brake pad 100.
  • step 1-10 is an example of assembling the brake pad 100. In practical applications, other modes may also be included, which are not specifically limited herein.
  • the pre-tightening force is mainly applied by the helical compression spring to avoid excessive looseness of the brake block assembly on the brake shoe frame 1 after assembly, and to prevent some components in the brake block assembly from being damaged by shock and vibration for a long time.
  • the above defects can be solved to some extent by the spiral compression spring, but also bring some other defects, such as:
  • the spiral compression spring is not used in the elastic adjustment brake pad 100 for trains proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, and the self-elasticity of the disc spring 5 is used to achieve the pre-tightening. purpose.
  • the elastic adjusting brake pad 100 for trains proposed in the embodiments of the present invention includes the following main structures:
  • Elastic adjustment structure a structure assembled from one or more insulation structures and a brake slab;
  • Insulation structure a structure in which a multilayer air film is formed by superposition of a gasket, a brake pad, and a heat insulating gasket;
  • Anti-rotation structure The structure that fixes the relative position between the heat-insulating structure and the brake block by the double-stop pin, and at the same time makes the small-angle rotation between the heat-insulating structure and the brake frame.
  • the elastic adjusting brake pad 100 for trains proposed in the embodiment of the invention has the following functional features:

Abstract

一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,包括设置有第四通孔(18)的闸片骨架(1),制动块组件和螺旋压缩弹簧(6);制动块组件包括制动块(16)、铆钉(4)、碟形弹簧(5)和铆钉套(3),制动块(16)包括固装在一起的摩擦块(10)和静片钢背(7),铆钉(4)从制动块(16)穿出后依次套设有碟形弹簧(5)和铆钉套(3);第四通孔(18)为阶梯沉孔,制动块组件中的铆钉(4)套穿设于第四通孔(18)中伸出,螺旋压缩弹簧(6)套设于铆钉套(3)的外侧,铆钉套(3)的一端外侧设有与弹性挡圈(2)卡接的卡槽,螺旋压缩弹簧(6)的一端抵贴于次级沉孔(20)所在的台阶上,另一端抵贴于弹性挡圈(2)的下端面;静片钢背(7)和闸片骨架(1)之间设有若干个止转销(9)。该制动闸片具有自动调节刹车间隙、时刻保证摩擦面积、提高刹车效率、延长使用寿命、加工成本低的优点。

Description

一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片 技术领域
本发明涉及列车技术领域,具体涉及一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片。
背景技术
现有技术中,列车的摩擦制动结构是通过摩擦把动能转化为热能,并散发到空气中。目前在时速较高的列车中均采用盘形制动系统。盘形制动又分为轮盘式制动和轴盘式制动,轮盘制动是直接利用车轮外部作为制动盘,轴盘制动是将制动盘安装在车轴上。上述两种盘形制动结构都采用制动闸片分布在制动盘的两侧。列车运行时,制动盘与车辆的轮盘或轴盘连成一体随着轮轴高速旋转,制动闸片相对静止,当列车需要制动时,由液压油缸将压力传到闸片,从而压紧制动盘产生制动力矩以达成制动。
目前,列车制动闸片主要分为整体式和分体式两大类。整体式是将摩擦材料与闸片骨架连接形成整体闸片;而分体式是将摩擦材料与钢背烧结制成摩擦块,再通过卡簧、弹簧、铆接等结构与闸片骨架连接形成分体式闸片。整体式闸片具有结构和工艺简单的特点,分体式闸片则具有拆装和使用维护方便等特点,同时分体式闸片还可以通过适当的设计,使其具有调节间隙的功能,使制动闸片摩擦材料表面与制动盘表面在刹车时更好地接合,提高刹车效率。
有文献提供一种带调整器的列车制动闸片结构,闸片各部件采用弹性接触、浮动式连接。摩擦块与闸片骨架通过卡簧连接,其间加装调整器,摩擦块钢背与调整器均采用球弧形结构以利于调整摩擦面。该结构摩擦块摩擦到寿后,可以只更换摩擦块,其他零件可以重复使用,具有闸片维修 和摩擦块更换方便的特点。其缺点是球弧形结构的摩擦块钢背和调整器需要采用铸造加工,增加外协加工成本,且不便于摩擦材料的烧结。
有文献提供一种用于列车的制动闸片,虽然其闸片骨架和制动块也是活动连接,并且该制动闸片通过采用碟形弹簧,能够调节摩擦块摩擦材料表面与制动盘表面的接触面积,提高刹车效率,但其缺陷是对零件的加工精度要求高;虽然每个摩擦块与制动盘的表面接触面积能够分别调节,但在使用一段时间后,不同的制动块之间的摩擦面积则变得不同,即使分别调节也不能保证所有的制动块的摩擦面积一致或协调,使得整个制动闸片的使用寿命缩短,并且影响刹车效率。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺陷,本发明提供一种能够时刻保证摩擦面积、提高刹车效率、延长使用寿命的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片。
本发明解决问题的技术方案是:一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,包括设置有18个第四通孔的闸片骨架,所述闸片骨架为半环形板状结构,所述半环形板状结构的内侧面和外侧面上分别设有向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向弯折的连接部,所述连接部的侧面中心位置设有开口向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向的半圆形凹槽,所述闸片骨架的两个端部为弧形结构,所述弧形结构的中心部位设有第一通孔,所述弧形结构的内环部位设有第二通孔,所述闸片骨架中间部位设有2个方形的第三通孔,所述制动闸片还包括制动块组件和螺旋压缩弹簧;所述制动块组件包括制动块、铆钉、碟形弹簧和铆钉套,所述制动块包括固装在一起的摩擦块和静片钢背,所述制动块的中间设有用于安装铆钉的安装孔,所述铆钉的尾部从制动块的静片钢背所在的一面穿出后依次套设有碟形弹簧和铆钉套;所述第四通孔为阶梯沉孔,所述阶梯沉孔通过在主沉孔中设置次级沉孔形成;所述制动块组件中的铆钉套穿设于第四通孔且在主沉孔中伸出,所述 螺旋压缩弹簧套设于铆钉套的外侧,所述铆钉套的一端外侧设有与弹性挡圈卡接的卡槽,所述螺旋压缩弹簧的一端抵贴于次级沉孔所在的台阶上,另一端抵贴于所述弹性挡圈的下端面;所述静片钢背和闸片骨架之间设有若干个止转销。
进一步地,所述止转销设于止转销孔中,所述止转销孔由静片钢背上的定位孔和闸片骨架上与所述定位孔相对应的盲孔组成。
进一步地,所述静片钢背上的定位孔为若干个,若干个所述定位孔均匀分布在静片钢背的中心的周围;在制动块组件中,所述定位孔位于碟形弹簧的圆周外侧。
进一步地,所述摩擦块和静片钢背为相互对应的五边形体,所述五边形体中有1个侧面为凸弧面,其余4个侧面均为平面。
进一步地,所述摩擦块的外侧端面设有增磨纹。
进一步地,所述摩擦块的外侧端面的增磨纹以摩擦块的中心为中心呈辐射状分布。
进一步地,所述摩擦块和静片钢背通过烧结粘合在一起形成制动块。
进一步地,所述摩擦块的边长比静片钢背的边长小。
进一步地,所述摩擦块由金属基粉末材料制成。
进一步地,所述金属基粉末材料为铜基粉末冶金材料。
一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,包括闸片骨架,所述闸片骨架为半环形板状结构,所述半环形板状结构的内侧面和外侧面上分别设有向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向弯折的连接部,所述连接部的侧面中心位置设有开口向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向的半圆形凹槽,所述闸片骨架的两个端部为弧形结构,所述弧形结构的中心部位设有第一通孔,所述弧形结构的内环部位设有第二通孔,所述闸片骨架中间部位设有第三通孔,其特征在于,还包括隔热结构,其中:
所述隔热结构包括制动块、碟形弹簧和处于所述制动块和所述碟形弹簧 之间的隔热垫圈、垫片,所述垫片在朝向所述碟形弹簧的一面上设置有与所述垫片一体的凸台,所述凸台的内径大于或者等于所述碟形弹簧的外径,所述凸台的高度值小于第一厚度,且大于厚度变化量,所述第一厚度是指所述碟形弹簧处于最大压缩量时的厚度,所述厚度变化量为所述第一厚度和第二厚度之间的差值,所述第二厚度是指所述碟形弹簧处于未压缩时的厚度。
进一步地,所述隔热垫圈包括第一隔热垫圈和第二隔热垫圈,所述第一隔热垫圈处于所述碟形弹簧和所述垫片之间,所述第二隔热垫圈处于所述制动块和所述垫片之间。
进一步地,所述第一隔热垫圈与所述碟形弹簧的形状相匹配,所述第二隔热垫圈与所述制动块的形状相匹配。
进一步地,所述第一隔热垫圈与所述碟形弹簧的形状相同,所述第二隔热垫圈与所述制动块的形状相同。
进一步地,所述隔热垫圈和所述垫片采用热传导系数小于阈值的材质。
进一步地,所述闸片骨架和所述垫片之间采用第一止转销连接,所述垫片和所述制动块之间采用第二止转销连接,所述垫片中耦合所述第一止转销的位置和所述垫片中耦合所述第二止转销的位置不同。
进一步地,所述隔热结构还包括铆钉和铆钉套;所述制动块上设有用于安装所述铆钉的安装孔;
所述铆钉的尾部从所述制动块穿出后依次套设有所述垫片、所述隔热垫圈、所述碟形弹簧和所述铆钉套;或者,所述铆钉的尾部从所述制动块穿出后依次套设有所述隔热垫圈、所述垫片、所述碟形弹簧和所述铆钉套。
进一步地,所述制动块包括固装在一起的摩擦块和静片钢背,所述静片钢背和闸片骨架之间设有若干个止转销。
进一步地,所述隔热结构的热传导系数小于所述隔热结构包括的每一个部件所采用的材质的热传导系数。
本发明的有益效果为:
1.本发明通过采用螺旋压缩弹簧和阶梯沉孔的配合设计,使得在弹簧弹力的作用下,使制动块组件压紧碟形弹簧,碟形弹簧贴紧闸片钢背表面。这样使18个制动块组件都有一个弹簧拉力作用,这样即便零件有加工误差,制动块组件也是处于被拉紧的状态,没有自由状态,降低了对零件的加工精度要求,降低了生产成本;另外一个显著的进步是:能随时保证18个摩擦块的表面平齐,有利于保证摩擦面积,提高刹车效率;
2.螺旋压缩弹簧和蝶形弹簧的配合设计,使碟形弹簧受到一个预紧压力,通过校核,适当的预紧力能明显提高碟形弹簧的疲劳寿命;
3.螺旋压缩弹簧、蝶形弹簧和弹性挡圈等其它结构的设计,使得本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片具有自动调节刹车间隙、增强摩擦效果、安装维护方便、加工成本低的优点;
4.本发明通过各个结构之间的组合设计,比如制动块、制动块组件的模块化设计,在制动块组件装配完成后,将铆钉套穿设于第四通孔,并同时在闸片钢背盲孔和静片钢背之间要放入止转销,然后套入螺旋压缩弹簧,套入弹性挡圈,将弹性挡圈嵌入铆钉套的卡槽中,这样通过弹性挡圈就将制动块组件、螺旋压缩弹簧和闸片钢背连接起来,显著加快了整个结构的装配效率,并且在使用的过程中,在拆卸、更换、维护时也大大提高了工作效率,此效果对于对维护时间有高度要求的列车尤其重要。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片的立体结构示意图;
图2为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片的主视图;
图3为沿图2中A-A线的剖视图;
图4为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片的后视图;
图5为沿图4中B-B线的剖视图;
图6为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中闸片骨架的后视图;
图7是沿图6中C-C线的剖视图;
图8为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中静片钢背主视图;
图9为沿图8中E-E线的剖视图;
图10为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中摩擦块主视图;
图11为沿图10中F-F线的剖视图;
图12为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中静片钢背和摩擦块安装的结构主视图;
图13为沿图12中G-G线的剖视图;
图14为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中垫片的示意图;
图15为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片的立体结构示意图;
图16为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片的主视图;
图17为沿图16中A-A线剖视图;
图18为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片的后视图;
图19为沿图16中B-B线剖视图;
图20为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中闸片骨架的后视图;
图21为沿图20中C-C线的剖视图;
图22为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中静片钢背的主视图;
图23为沿图22中D-D线的剖视图;
图24为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中摩擦块的主视图;
图25为沿图24中E-E线的剖视图;
图26为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中静片钢背和摩擦块的安装的结构主视图;
图27为沿图26中F-F线剖视图;
图28为本发明包括第一隔热垫圈和第二隔热垫圈的所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片的示意图;
图29为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中的双止转销结构的示意图;
图30为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片中隔热结构的示意图;
图31为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片的示意图;
图32为本发明所述列车用弹性调节式制动闸片的局部的示意图;
图1-13对应的方案使用的标记如下:
1-闸片骨架,2-弹性挡圈,3-铆钉套,4-铆钉,5-碟形弹簧,6-螺旋压缩弹簧,7-静片钢背,8-半圆形凹槽,9-止转销,10-摩擦块,11-第一通孔,12-弧形结构,13-第二通孔,14-第三通孔,15-止转销孔,16-制动块,17-连接部,18-第四通孔,19-主沉孔,20-次级沉孔。
图14-32对应的方案使用的标记如下:
该制动闸片100的示意图中的各个部件的标记可以如下:
1-闸片骨架,2-弹性挡圈,3-铆钉套,4-铆钉,5-碟形弹簧,6-第一隔热垫圈,7-第一止转销,8-垫片,9-第二隔热垫圈,10-第二止转销,11-静片钢背,12-摩擦块,13-半圆形凹槽,14-第一通孔,15-弧形结构,16-第二通孔,17-第三通孔,18-止转销孔,19-制动块,20-连接部,21-第四通孔,22-沉孔,隔热结构23,隔热垫圈24,凸台25。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1-13所示,一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,包括设置有18个第四通孔18的闸片骨架1,所述闸片骨架1为半环形板状结构,所述半环形板状结构的内侧面和外侧面上分别设有向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向弯折的连接部17,所述连接部17的侧面中心位置设有开口向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向的半圆形凹槽8,所述闸片骨架1的两个端部为弧形结构12,所述弧形结构12的中心部位设有第一通孔11,所述弧形结构12的内环部位设有第二通孔13,所述闸片骨架1中间部位设有2个方形的第三通孔14,所述制动闸片还包 括制动块组件和螺旋压缩弹簧6;所述制动块组件包括制动块16、铆钉4、碟形弹簧5和铆钉套3,所述制动块16包括固装在一起的摩擦块10和静片钢背7,所述制动块16的中间设有用于安装铆钉4的安装孔,所述铆钉4的尾部从制动块16的静片钢背7所在的一面穿出后依次套设有碟形弹簧5和铆钉套3;所述第四通孔18为阶梯沉孔,所述阶梯沉孔通过在主沉孔19中设置次级沉孔20形成;所述制动块组件中的铆钉套3穿设于第四通孔18且在主沉孔19中伸出,所述螺旋压缩弹簧6套设于铆钉套3的外侧,所述铆钉套3的一端外侧设有与弹性挡圈2卡接的卡槽,所述螺旋压缩弹簧6的一端抵贴于次级沉孔20所在的台阶上,另一端抵贴于所述弹性挡圈2的下端面;所述静片钢背7和闸片骨架1之间设有若干个止转销9。
所述止转销9设于止转销孔中,所述止转销孔由静片钢背7上的定位孔和闸片骨架1上与所述定位孔相对应的盲孔组成。
所述静片钢背7上的定位孔为若干个,若干个所述定位孔均匀分布在静片钢背7的中心的周围;在制动块组件中,所述定位孔位于碟形弹簧5的圆周外侧。
所述摩擦块10和静片钢背7为相互对应的五边形体,所述五边形体中有1个侧面为凸弧面,其余4个侧面均为平面。
所述摩擦块10的外侧端面设有增磨纹。
所述摩擦块10的外侧端面的增磨纹以摩擦块10的中心为中心呈辐射状分布。
所述摩擦块10和静片钢背7通过烧结粘合在一起形成制动块16。
所述摩擦块10的边长比静片钢背7的边长小。
所述摩擦块10由金属基粉末材料制成。所述金属基粉末材料为铜基粉末冶金材料。
为了保证碟形弹簧的可靠性,使其在制动闸片寿命周期内能够保持足够的强度与弹性,进而保证制动闸片的弹性调节功能的有效性,本发明提出了另外一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片100。
该列车用弹性调节式制动闸片100包括闸片骨架1,所述闸片骨架1 为半环形板状结构,所述半环形板状结构的内侧面和外侧面上分别设有向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向弯折的连接部20,所述连接部20的侧面中心位置设有开口向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向的半圆形凹槽13,所述闸片骨架1的两个端部为弧形结构15,所述弧形结构15的中心部位设有第一通孔14,所述弧形结构15的内环部位设有第二通孔16,所述闸片骨架1中间部位设有第三通孔17,其特征在于,还包括隔热结构23,其中:
所述隔热结构23包括制动块19、碟形弹簧5和处于所述制动块19和所述碟形弹簧5之间的隔热垫圈24、垫片8,也就是说,隔热结构23是一个包括制动块19、碟形弹簧5、隔热垫圈24和垫片8的多层结构。
其中,所述垫片8在朝向所述碟形弹簧5的一面上设置有与所述垫片8一体的凸台25,所述凸台25的内径大于或者等于所述碟形弹簧5的外径,所述凸台25的高度值小于第一厚度,且大于厚度变化量,所述第一厚度是指所述碟形弹簧5处于最大压缩量时的厚度,所述厚度变化量为所述第一厚度和第二厚度之间的差值,所述第二厚度是指所述碟形弹簧5处于未压缩时的厚度。这样,此凸台25可以对碟形弹簧5起到保护作用,防止碟形弹簧5因为破坏而脱落,凸台25可以参阅图14进行理解。
本发明实施例中,隔热结构23中的相邻部件之间可以形成空气膜,可以有效阻止刹车时摩擦面上的热量向碟形弹簧5一侧传导。
本发明实施例中,图15-图27给出了本发明实施例中提出的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片100及其中的部分部件的示意图,本发明所提出的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片100及其中的部件可以参考图15-图27进行理解。
本发明实施例中,隔热垫圈24可以包括一个垫圈也可以包括多个垫圈,当仅包括一个垫圈时,该隔热垫圈可以位于垫片8和制动块19之间,也可以位于垫片8和碟形弹簧5之间,在此不做具体限定。
本发明实施例中,可选地,所述隔热垫圈24包括第一隔热垫圈6和 第二隔热垫圈9,所述第一隔热垫圈6处于所述碟形弹簧5和所述垫片8之间,所述第二隔热垫圈9处于所述制动块19和所述垫片8之间。
本发明实施例中,可选地,所述第一隔热垫圈6与所述碟形弹簧5的形状相匹配,所述第二隔热垫圈9与所述制动块19的形状相匹配。
本发明实施例中,可选地,所述第一隔热垫圈6与所述碟形弹簧5的形状相同,所述第二隔热垫圈9与所述制动块19的形状相同,如图28所示。
本发明实施例中,为了阻碍热量的传导,可选地,所述隔热垫圈24和所述垫片8采用热传导系数小于阈值的材质。
本发明实施例中,由于隔热结构23相比之前的制动块组件增加了隔热垫圈24和垫片8,如果采用一个止转销的话,该止转销的长度会增加,这样,长度增加的止转销所受转矩较大,容易造成该止转销弯曲,导致弹性调节结构受阻失效,为了避免长度增加的止转销带来的缺陷,本发明采用双止转销来取代长度增加的止转销,这样,由于双止转销的长度不会增加,因此,可以避免增加止转销受力时的转矩。
也就是说,本发明实施例中,为了防止制动块19在工作过程中发生转动而产生相互挤压、碰撞,进而造成摩擦块12损坏或者脱落,制动闸片100采用双止转销。
参阅图29所示,所述闸片骨架1和所述垫片8之间采用第一止转销7连接,所述垫片8和所述制动块19之间采用第二止转销10连接,所述垫片8中耦合所述第一止转销7的位置和所述垫片8中耦合所述第二止转销10的位置不同。
也就是说,在闸片骨架1和垫片8之间,以及垫片8和制动块19之间分别采用不同的止转销定位,第二止转销10可以阻止隔热结构23中的各个部件发生相对转动,第一止转销7可以阻止隔热结构23相对于闸片骨架1发生相对转动。
同时,本发明实施例中采用的双止转销的这种方式还可以避免隔热结构23和闸片骨架1组装前隔热结构23中的各个组件发生错位,影响安装和浮动功能。
参阅图30所示,提出一种组装后的隔热结构23。
本发明实施例中,可选地,所述隔热结构23还包括铆钉4和铆钉套3;所述制动块19上设有用于安装所述铆钉4的安装孔;
所述铆钉4的尾部从所述制动块19穿出后依次套设有所述垫片8、所述隔热垫圈24、所述碟形弹簧5和所述铆钉套3;或者,所述铆钉4的尾部从所述制动块19穿出后依次套设有所述隔热垫圈24、所述垫片8、所述碟形弹簧5和所述铆钉套3。
本发明实施例中,可选地,可以在以铆钉4为中心,以大于碟形弹簧5外径的圆上设置止转销,由于双止转销结构是采用两点固定原理,这样,可以避免隔热结构23中的部件以铆钉4为轴发生大角度转动。
本发明实施例中,可选地,所述制动块19包括固装在一起的摩擦块12和静片钢背11,所述静片钢背11和闸片骨架1之间设有若干个止转销。
本发明实施例中,可选地,所述隔热结构23的热传导系数小于所述隔热结构23包括的每一个部件所采用的材质的热传导系数。
本发明实施例中,闸片骨架1上可以设置一个或者多个第四通孔21,例如,设置了18个第四通孔21,当然,18是一个具体示例,在此不做具体限定。
为了便于对本方案进行理解,本发明实施例中,还给出了一种具体的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片100的示意图,如图31、32所示。
可选地,本发明实施例中所提出的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片100可以采用如下方式进行组装:
步骤1:将铆钉4穿过制动块19的中心孔;
步骤2:将铆钉4再穿过第二隔热垫圈9的中心孔;
步骤3:将第二止转销10放入第二隔热垫圈9和制动块19的定位孔;
步骤4:将铆钉4穿过垫片8的中心孔,将第二止转销10插入垫片8的定位盲孔中(定位盲孔位于垫片8未设置凸台的一面中);
由于第二止转销10位于隔热结构23的内部,因此,从外部无法观察到。
步骤5:将铆钉4穿过第一隔热垫圈6的中心孔;
步骤6:将铆钉4穿过碟形弹簧5的中心孔;
其中,碟形弹簧5的凸面与第一隔热垫圈6相接触。
步骤7:将铆钉套3套在铆钉4上,并进行铆接,形成一体的隔热结构23;
步骤8:将第一止转销7插入闸片骨架1的止转销孔;
步骤9:将铆钉套3穿过闸片骨架1的第四通孔21,将第一止转销7插入垫片8的定位盲孔中;
步骤10:将闸片骨架1有连接部20的一侧,将弹性挡圈2装入铆钉套3的环形槽中。
如果制动闸片100上有多个第四通孔21,要完成整个制动闸片100的组装的话,重复执行步骤9、10即可。当然,步骤1-10是组装制动闸片100的一种示例,在实际应用中,还可以包括其他方式,在此不做具体限定。
在有些方案中,主要是通过螺旋压缩弹簧给予装配预紧力,来避免装配后制动块组件在闸片骨架1上过于松动,防止制动块组件中有些部件长期受到冲击震动而造成损坏。虽然通过螺旋压缩弹簧可以在一定程度上解决上述缺陷,但是同时也带来一些其他缺陷,例如:
1)对螺旋压缩弹簧的尺寸精度及其性能要求较高,制造困难;
2)对次级沉孔的加工精度要求较高;
3)装配时,由于弹性挡圈2的环宽较窄,并要起到卡环、防脱出的 作用,这就要求与螺旋压缩弹簧的接触面积有限,配合情况难以控制。
为了避免由于采用螺旋压缩弹簧而带来的缺陷,在本发明实施例中提出的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片100中没有采用螺旋压缩弹簧,采用碟形弹簧5的自身弹性达到预紧的目的。
本发明实施例中提出的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片100包括如下几个主要结构:
1)弹性调节结构:由一个或者多个隔热结构与闸片骨架组装而成的结构;
2)隔热结构:通过垫片、制动块、隔热垫圈之间的叠加形成多层空气膜的结构;
3)止转结构:通过双止转销固定隔热结构与制动块之间相对位置,同时使隔热结构与闸片骨架之间仅有小角度转动量的结构。
本发明实施例中提出的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片100具有如下几个功能特点:
1)具有自动弹性调节刹车间隙、保证摩擦材料表面与制动盘表面在刹车时能均匀接触,提高刹车效率;
2)刹车时有效降低摩擦表面热量向制动闸片方向的传导,减小闸片骨架及隔热结构各部件受温度的影响,提高部件可靠性,进而保证制动闸片寿命周期内的安全性;
3)保证刹车时隔热结构之间相对固定的位置,避免隔热结构的部件之间相互挤压、碰撞造成隔热结构的受损或摩擦材料脱落。
本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下,本领域技术人员可以想到的任何变形、改进、替换均落入本发明的范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,包括设置有18个第四通孔的闸片骨架,所述闸片骨架为半环形板状结构,所述半环形板状结构的内侧面和外侧面上分别设有向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向弯折的连接部,所述连接部的侧面中心位置设有开口向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向的半圆形凹槽,所述闸片骨架的两个端部为弧形结构,所述弧形结构的中心部位设有第一通孔,所述弧形结构的内环部位设有第二通孔,所述闸片骨架中间部位设有2个方形的第三通孔,其特征在于,所述制动闸片还包括制动块组件和螺旋压缩弹簧;所述制动块组件包括制动块、铆钉、碟形弹簧和铆钉套,所述制动块包括固装在一起的摩擦块和静片钢背,所述制动块的中间设有用于安装铆钉的安装孔,所述铆钉的尾部从制动块的静片钢背所在的一面穿出后依次套设有碟形弹簧和铆钉套;所述第四通孔为阶梯沉孔,所述阶梯沉孔通过在主沉孔中设置次级沉孔形成;所述制动块组件中的铆钉套穿设于第四通孔且在主沉孔中伸出,所述螺旋压缩弹簧套设于铆钉套的外侧,所述铆钉套的一端外侧设有与弹性挡圈卡接的卡槽,所述螺旋压缩弹簧的一端抵贴于次级沉孔所在的台阶上,另一端抵贴于所述弹性挡圈的下端面;所述静片钢背和闸片骨架之间设有若干个止转销。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述止转销设于止转销孔中,所述止转销孔由静片钢背上的定位孔和闸片骨架上与所述定位孔相对应的盲孔组成。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述静片钢背上的定位孔为若干个,若干个所述定位孔均匀分布在静片钢背的中心的周围;在制动块组件中,所述定位孔位于碟形弹簧的圆周外侧。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述摩擦块和静片钢背为相互对应的五边形体,所述五边形体中有1个侧 面为凸弧面,其余4个侧面均为平面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述摩擦块的外侧端面设有增磨纹。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述摩擦块的外侧端面的增磨纹以摩擦块的中心为中心呈辐射状分布。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述摩擦块和静片钢背通过烧结粘合在一起形成制动块。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述摩擦块的边长比静片钢背的边长小。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述摩擦块由金属基粉末材料制成。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述金属基粉末材料为铜基粉末冶金材料。
  11. 一种列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,包括闸片骨架,所述闸片骨架为半环形板状结构,所述半环形板状结构的内侧面和外侧面上分别设有向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向弯折的连接部,所述连接部的侧面中心位置设有开口向所述半环形板状结构中心线方向的半圆形凹槽,所述闸片骨架的两个端部为弧形结构,所述弧形结构的中心部位设有第一通孔,所述弧形结构的内环部位设有第二通孔,所述闸片骨架中间部位设有第三通孔,其特征在于,还包括隔热结构,其中:
    所述隔热结构包括制动块、碟形弹簧和处于所述制动块和所述碟形弹簧之间的隔热垫圈、垫片,所述垫片在朝向所述碟形弹簧的一面上设置有与所述垫片一体的凸台,所述凸台的内径大于或者等于所述碟形弹簧的外径,所述凸台的高度值小于第一厚度,且大于厚度变化量,所述第一厚度是指所述碟形弹簧处于最大压缩量时的厚度,所述厚度变化量为所述第一厚度和第二厚度之间的差值,所述第二厚度是指所述碟形弹簧处于未压缩时的厚度。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述隔热垫圈包括第一隔热垫圈和第二隔热垫圈,所述第一隔热垫圈处于所述碟形弹簧和所述垫片之间,所述第二隔热垫圈处于所述制动块和所述垫片之间。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述第一隔热垫圈与所述碟形弹簧的形状相匹配,所述第二隔热垫圈与所述制动块的形状相匹配。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述第一隔热垫圈与所述碟形弹簧的形状相同,所述第二隔热垫圈与所述制动块的形状相同。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述隔热垫圈和所述垫片采用热传导系数小于阈值的材质。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述闸片骨架和所述垫片之间采用第一止转销连接,所述垫片和所述制动块之间采用第二止转销连接,所述垫片中耦合所述第一止转销的位置和所述垫片中耦合所述第二止转销的位置不同。
  17. 根据权利要求11所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述隔热结构还包括铆钉和铆钉套;所述制动块上设有用于安装所述铆钉的安装孔;
    所述铆钉的尾部从所述制动块穿出后依次套设有所述垫片、所述隔热垫圈、所述碟形弹簧和所述铆钉套;或者,所述铆钉的尾部从所述制动块穿出后依次套设有所述隔热垫圈、所述垫片、所述碟形弹簧和所述铆钉套。
  18. 根据权利要求11-17任一项所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于,所述制动块包括固装在一起的摩擦块和静片钢背,所述静片钢背和闸片骨架之间设有若干个止转销。
  19. 根据权利要求11所述的列车用弹性调节式制动闸片,其特征在于, 所述隔热结构的热传导系数小于所述隔热结构包括的每一个部件所采用的材质的热传导系数。
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