WO2017192064A1 - Moule (variantes) et procédé (variantes) de remplissage de moules au moyen d'un stylo 3d - Google Patents

Moule (variantes) et procédé (variantes) de remplissage de moules au moyen d'un stylo 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017192064A1
WO2017192064A1 PCT/RU2017/000288 RU2017000288W WO2017192064A1 WO 2017192064 A1 WO2017192064 A1 WO 2017192064A1 RU 2017000288 W RU2017000288 W RU 2017000288W WO 2017192064 A1 WO2017192064 A1 WO 2017192064A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filling
forming element
nozzle
handle
pen
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2017/000288
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Алексей Владимирович ЛЫСЕНКО
Original Assignee
Алексей Владимирович ЛЫСЕНКО
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Алексей Владимирович ЛЫСЕНКО filed Critical Алексей Владимирович ЛЫСЕНКО
Publication of WO2017192064A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017192064A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K11/00—Filling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K8/00—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls
    • B43K8/14—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with coreless tubular writing-points

Definitions

  • the group of inventions relates to the field of application of tools for the additive production of plastic parts, in particular hand-held devices for three-dimensional drawing or drawing (also known as ZO-pens) and can be used in the manufacture of small parts, for example, elements of mechanical joints of parts.
  • Additive manufacturing hand tools are mainly used for single-dimensional manufacturing of three-dimensional parts from thermoplastic materials. Parts are manufactured by manually adjusting the extrusion of molten material from the spinneret assembly (nozzle) of the tool onto the surface of the part and its subsequent rejection by cooling. In some devices, instead of thermoplastic materials, fluid materials that cure under the influence of ultraviolet radiation are used. ZO-pens do not provide accurate repeatability of the result and therefore are used mainly for creativity. When creating with their help designs containing moving elements, problems arise associated with the need for precise mating of parts made by hand.
  • precision manufacturing of parts is by casting the filler into elastic molds made of silicone or another elastomer.
  • the advantage of flexible injection molds is the ability to extract complex castings through holes whose size in the free state is smaller than the size of the part to be removed. This feature allows you to use fewer parts of the form, up to one part in some cases.
  • two-component fluid mixtures are used, silicones and polyurethanes that do not require injection molding.
  • Thermoplastics are not molded into elastic molds due to the high pressures and temperatures of this process that cause the deformation of the mold.
  • the design features of the ZO-handle and extrudable material do not allow to implement known methods of manufacturing parts using elastic forms.
  • the plastic used does not have sufficient fluidity for self-distribution in the mold.
  • the inventive group of inventions aims to develop a number of forms as a tool for quick and accurate manufacturing of parts, as well as methods for filling them, which can improve accuracy in the manual manufacture of small elements of mechanical joints.
  • the technical result achieved using the group of inventions consists in the manufacture of small parts, for example, elements of mechanical joints using a mold, with the help of a ZO-handle.
  • - contains at least one forming element
  • - and the depth of the forming element cannot significantly exceed the nozzle length of the ZO-handle, and the volume of the forming element and its dimensions should not exceed the size of the maximum volume of plastic in which the handle can create pressure that causes expansion of this volume, the hole through which the forming element is filled has such a size and shape that it can be blocked by the nozzle of the ZO-handle.
  • the forming element can be made in the form of a sphere, while the hole for filling the form has a size less than the diameter of the sphere.
  • the forming element can be made in the form of a prism or cylinder, for example, in the form of an axis as a cylinder with a small base area.
  • the mold is made of an optically transparent elastomer, for example silicone, and may further comprise at least one embossed element for cleaning the nozzle of the ZO handle.
  • the nozzle of the tool is sent to the forming element, while blocking the hole in it,
  • an element can be formed from the thread to extract the part from the mold, for which they increase the additional length of the thread, which can be subsequently removed (for example, cut off), or they attach a finished part to the still plastic in the form that is not frozen, with which the formed element will be combined during operation.
  • a form for layer-by-layer filling with the help of a ZO-handle characterized in that:
  • the forming element may take the form of a corridor of constant width with vertical walls, as well as a closed loop.
  • the mold is made of an optically transparent elastomer, for example silicone, and may further comprise at least one embossed element for cleaning the nozzle of the ZO handle.
  • a form for layer-by-layer filling with the help of a ZO-handle characterized in that:
  • the forming element has a shape that is functionally equivalent to the shape of the manufactured parts, but additionally contains a partition located so that
  • the distance between the opposite walls is less than the size of the maximum volume of plastic in which the handle can create pressure, causing the expansion of this volume.
  • the mold is made of an optically transparent elastomer, for example silicone, and may further comprise at least one embossed element for cleaning the nozzle of the ST handle.
  • the nozzle of the tool is directed to the bottom of the forming element and fill the bottom layer by moving the tool along the perimeter of the horizontal section,
  • the plastic of the first layer is fixed between the walls of the forming element, after which the layers are gradually built up by moving the handle along the path filling the layer, - and for forming the walls of the part, the nozzle is successively approached to each wall point at a distance not exceeding the size of the maximum volume of plastic, in where the handle can create pressure that causes the expansion of such a volume,
  • an element can be formed from the thread to extract the part from the mold, for which they increase the additional length of the thread, which can be subsequently removed (for example, cut off), or attach the finished part to the still plastic in the mold, with which the formed element will be combined during operation.
  • the essence of the group of inventions is illustrated by figures, each of which shows the manufactured part and the process of filling the forming element of the corresponding type in the context, in particular:
  • FIG. 1 is a simple directional filling of a forming element in the form of a sphere
  • FIG. 2 layer-by-layer filling of a forming element with a crescent section
  • FIG. 3 layer-by-layer filling of a thin-walled forming element with a closed loop
  • FIG. 4 filling the forming element in the form of a ball with an additional element - the central rod as an example of using a functionally equivalent form
  • FIG. 5 filling the forming element in the form of an axis with a latch-latch.
  • the following main elements are indicated: 1 - manufactured part, 2 - mold, 3 - forming element, 4 - nozzle (spinneret assembly) of ZO-handle (extruder, tool), 5 - extruded into the forming element 3 plastic, 6 - hole through which the forming element is filled 3, 7 - the partition of the functionally equivalent part 1, 8 - the width of the corridor (the distance between the inner walls of the forming element 3), 9 - an additional element for removing the part.
  • the inventive form 2 is made open and single-part from a heat-resistant elastic material (elastomer) and contain at least one forming element 3.
  • the mold 2 can be made of optically transparent material.
  • Form 2 may additionally contain a relief surface (relief element), allowing, for example, to clean the outer surface of the nozzle 4 from excess molten plastic 5, which may interfere with further work.
  • a relief surface relief element
  • the configuration of the forming element 3 and the method of filling it depends on the dimensions of the manufactured part 1, as well as the characteristics of the ST handle used and the source material (plastic 5).
  • the parameters that determine the configuration of the forming element 3 the following can be distinguished: the temperature of the plastic 5 during extrusion, the feed speed of plastic 5, the shape and size of the outlet nozzle 4 of the ZO-handle and the corresponding pressure at the inlet of the plastic 5.
  • most existing models of ZE-handles do not have the ability to adjust these parameters.
  • a relative indicator which can be determined for a particular WE handle or group of tools with similar characteristics.
  • Such an indicator is the maximum volume (size) of plastic 5 (Vmax), in which the handle can create pressure, causing the expansion of this volume.
  • Vmax can be defined as the maximum diameter of the ball, which can be made with a handle and a simple mold 2, which is a spherical forming element 3 with a hole 6 for filling, overlapped by the nozzle 4 of the handle (for example, see Fig. 1).
  • the pre-extracted after filling will, as a rule, have a smaller diameter or a poor surface quality caused by insufficient pressure of the plastic 5 in the region of the walls of the mold 2.
  • the forming element 3 can be effectively filled by the method of simple directional filling due to the pressure created inside.
  • the pressure can only be created in a closed volume, therefore, the hole 6 through which the extrusion is carried out must be of such shape and size that it can be blocked by the nozzle 4 of the 3-handle.
  • the forming element 3 is larger than Vmax, the extrudable plastic 5, which does not have sufficient fluidity for self-distribution along the bottom within the walls of the mold 2, forms a volume viscous cooling material.
  • Plastic 5 does not acquire the shape specified by the walls, starting to push the nozzle 4 of the handle outward, since it is not able to create enough pressure inside such a volume of plastic 5 to expand it further. In addition, the resulting volume of plastic 5 sticks to the nozzle 4 of the handle and moves after it inside the mold 2, preventing the extrusion from continuing.
  • the method of simple directional filling can mainly be used for the following types of forming elements 3: spheres (for example, see Fig. 1), the diameter of which does not substantially exceed Vmax, filled through the hole 6 less than the diameter of the sphere,
  • the depth of the forming element 3 should not be significantly greater than the length of the spinneret assembly protruding from the body of the 3-handle (nozzle 4) for directed effective extrusion of the plastic 5 into the forming element 3. Otherwise, the volume of material and pressure necessary for the distribution of plastic 5 cannot be created between the walls and taking them to a given shape.
  • the filling is carried out in layers.
  • Layered filling here characterizes mainly the basic principle - bottom-up filling.
  • the extrudable material (molten plastic 5) has good adhesion to the material of the previous layer, but extremely poor adhesion, for example, to the silicone of which form 2 is made. With simple filling under pressure, this the fact does not play such a significant role, as with layer-by-layer filling. Low adhesion makes it easy to remove part 1 from mold 2, but can create difficulties when filling the outer part of part 1 adjacent to the walls of the forming element 3.
  • the forming element 3 should have such a size and shape that at any point of the lower layer in at least one direction, the distance between the opposite walls of the forming element 3 was less than the size Vmax.
  • the volume of plastic 5, expanding will be fixed under the action of pressure created by the handle between the walls of the forming element 3, taking the shape of the bottom at the extrusion point. This allows you to move the nozzle 4 of the handle along the bottom, gradually creating the first layer.
  • a functionally equivalent form 2 can be created (for example, see Fig. 4) containing an auxiliary element 7 (jumper 7, partition 7), which reduces the distance between the walls of the forming element 3 and thereby allows layer by layer filling.
  • the nozzle 4 is successively brought closer to each point of the wall at a distance not exceeding Vmax so that the plastic 5 is evenly distributed along the walls, repeating their shape.
  • forms 2 for which the layer-by-layer filling method can be applied, are forms 2 (for example, see Fig. 3), which basically have a closed loop and form a simple geometric figure (circle, rectangle). That is, the forming element 3 has the shape of a corridor of constant width 8 with vertical walls, the distance between which obeys a common criterion for this type of form 2 - no more than Vmax.
  • Such forms 2 can be used for the manufacture of various kinds of thin-walled parts 1.
  • the nozzle 4 of the tool extends the elastic walls of the forming element 3, extrudes into the main part of the forming element 3, and molding occurs due to the narrowing of the walls of the forming element 3 after passing through the nozzle 4.
  • Some complex forming elements 3 can be formed from two or more relatively deep elements connected by jumpers with less depth. If parts 1 of this kind must withstand strong mechanical loads (for example, a hinge cup, a latch), then the dimensions of part 1 are preferable that when filling its individual parts in form 2, the plastic 5 of the filled part did not have time to cool down so that it reduces its connection with other parts.
  • the filling of the claimed forms 2 can be carried out as follows. With simple directional filling, the nozzle 4 of the tool is directed into the forming element 3, while blocking the hole 6 in it and extruded. Plastic 5 under the pressure created in the forming element 3, takes the form of its inner surface.
  • the nozzle 4 of the tool is directed to the bottom of the forming element 3 and the lower layer is filled. To do this, the tool is moved along the perimeter of the horizontal section of the forming element 3. Plastic 5 is thus fixed between the walls of the forming element 3, which allows further gradual build-up of layers by moving the nozzle 4 of the handle along the path filling the layer. To form the walls of the part 1 of the required shape, the nozzle 4 is sequentially brought closer to each point of the wall at a distance not exceeding the size Vmax.
  • the elastic material of mold 2 allows you to remove part 1 after cooling the plastic 5. To do this, after completing the filling of mold 2, an additional length 9 of the thread is increased (additional element 9) and after cooling of the plastic 5, it is used to remove the part 1. Such additional element 9 can subsequently be easily deleted, for example, cut off.
  • Example 1 (Fig. 4). It is necessary to make a ball with a diameter of 6 mm for a ball joint, which can be used, for example, when modeling joints of constructor elements imitating a human figure. The diameter of the ball significantly exceeds Vmax, therefore, it cannot be formed by the method of simple directional filling.
  • the optimal solution in this situation is the implementation in the forming element 3 of the auxiliary vertical rod (partition 7), which will allow you to create part 1, functionally equivalent to the original.
  • the first layer of plastic 5 is extruded, which is fixed between the walls of the forming element 3 and the vertical rod (partition 7), and then the layer-by-layer volume growth is continued.
  • a mating finished part is attached to it or an additional element 9 is formed, extending the thread to the required length.
  • Part 1 is removed after solidification of the plastic 5 due to the elastic stretching of the inlet 6 of the forming element 3.
  • Example 2 (Fig. 2).
  • the reciprocal part for the ball joint (see example 1) is the cup of the hinge - a part of a rather complex shape, which also cannot be formed by simple extrusion of plastic 5 into mold 2.
  • Each horizontal section of this mold 2 resembles a thin crescent.
  • the forming element 3 will be in the form of a corridor of constant width 8 with vertical walls as a special case of form 2, which can be effectively filled in layers.
  • Form 2 is filled by layer-by-layer building up of plastic 5 until it is completely filled.
  • Removing parts 1 produce as described in example 1.
  • Example 3 (Fig. 5).
  • the following example illustrates the method of filling the forming element 3 with the sequential filling of its individual cavities.
  • Part 1 to be manufactured the axis with a latch on the end, is similar to the axes used in LEGO constructors and can be used to fix rotating structural parts.
  • the latch is implemented using an extension and a longitudinal cut on the end of the axis to give the part the necessary elasticity properties.
  • the part has a small volume, its complex shape (the presence of narrow pockets) does not allow it to be formed qualitatively by simple filling.
  • the pressure of the plastic 5 will not be enough for its distribution in the cavities corresponding to the bifurcated axis ends.
  • the nozzle 4 is first introduced into the first cavity, and after filling it into the second.
  • the elasticity of the septum between the cavities plays an important role. After filling both cavities from above, they are connected with plastic 5 and molding is completed similarly to the previous examples.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

Le groupe d'inventions concerne des moules et des procédés de leur remplissage lors de la fabrication de petites pièces au moyen d'un stylo 3D. Les moules sont ouverts est constitués d'une seule pièce d'élastomère à résistance thermique et comprennent au moins un élément moulé, la profondeur de l'élément moulé ne dépassant pas la longueur de la buse du stylo 3D. Dans le moule de remplissage le volume et les dimensions de l'élément moulé ne dépassent pas les dimensions du volume maximal du plastique dans lequel le style peut créer une pression provoquant la dilatation de ce volume (Vmax) et l'orifice via lequel se fait le remplissage est recouvert par la buse du stylo 3D. On remplit le moule par un procédé de remplissage dirigé dans lequel : la buse du stylo est dirigé dans l'élément moulé de manière à recouvrir l'orifice dans celui-ci, on effectue une extrusion du plastique et on retire la pièce refroidie de la forme. L'élément moulé a une forme qui est choisie de telle sorte que dans n'importe quel point de la couche inférieure dans au moins une direction la distance entre les parois opposées est inférieure à la dimension Vmax. Dans un autre mode de réalisation le moule pour remplissage couche-à-couche est recouvert par la buse du stylo 3D et l'élément moulé contient un moule à équivalent fonctionnel et comprend en outre une cloison disposée de sorte que dans n'importe quel point de la couche inférieure au moins dans une direction la distance entre les parois opposées soit inférieure à la dimension Vmax. Lors du remplissage couche-à-couche la buse est dirigée vers le fond de l'élément moulé et on effectue le remplissage de la couche inférieure en fixant le plastique. Au fur et à mesure on fait croitre les couches, et pour former les parois de la pièce la buse est rapprochée en séquence de chaque point de la paroi à une distance égale ou inférieure à la dimension Vmax.. On extrait ensuite du moule la pièce refroidie.
PCT/RU2017/000288 2016-05-05 2017-05-04 Moule (variantes) et procédé (variantes) de remplissage de moules au moyen d'un stylo 3d WO2017192064A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2016117469 2016-05-05
RU2016117469A RU2016117469A (ru) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 Форма (варианты) и способ (варианты) заполнения форм с помощью 3d-ручки

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017192064A1 true WO2017192064A1 (fr) 2017-11-09

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PCT/RU2017/000288 WO2017192064A1 (fr) 2016-05-05 2017-05-04 Moule (variantes) et procédé (variantes) de remplissage de moules au moyen d'un stylo 3d

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WO (1) WO2017192064A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2995159A (en) * 1957-12-23 1961-08-08 United Shoe Machinery Corp Portable plastic injection devices
WO2014039378A1 (fr) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-13 Aprecia Pharmaceuticals Company Système d'impression tridimensionnelle et ensemble équipement
US20140154347A1 (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-05 Wobble Works LLC Hand-held three-dimensional drawing device
RU156685U1 (ru) * 2015-04-08 2015-11-10 Константин Дмитриевич Клочков Пусковое устройство для пирожидкостных аэрозольных баллонов, малоимпульсных боеприпасов и пневмопатронов

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2995159A (en) * 1957-12-23 1961-08-08 United Shoe Machinery Corp Portable plastic injection devices
WO2014039378A1 (fr) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-13 Aprecia Pharmaceuticals Company Système d'impression tridimensionnelle et ensemble équipement
US20140154347A1 (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-05 Wobble Works LLC Hand-held three-dimensional drawing device
RU156685U1 (ru) * 2015-04-08 2015-11-10 Константин Дмитриевич Клочков Пусковое устройство для пирожидкостных аэрозольных баллонов, малоимпульсных боеприпасов и пневмопатронов

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