WO2017188401A1 - 反応容器及び生化学分析方法 - Google Patents
反応容器及び生化学分析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017188401A1 WO2017188401A1 PCT/JP2017/016828 JP2017016828W WO2017188401A1 WO 2017188401 A1 WO2017188401 A1 WO 2017188401A1 JP 2017016828 W JP2017016828 W JP 2017016828W WO 2017188401 A1 WO2017188401 A1 WO 2017188401A1
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
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- B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
- B01L3/5085—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
- B01L3/50853—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates with covers or lids
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reaction vessel and a biochemical analysis method.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-089362 for which it applied to Japan on April 27, 2016, and uses the content here.
- EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
- EGFR-TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- Digital PCR technology divides a mixture of a PCR reagent and a nucleic acid into a large number of microdroplets, and performs PCR amplification using the nucleic acid to be detected as a template from the nucleic acids in the mixture.
- the signal such as fluorescence by PCR amplification from the microdroplet containing the template nucleic acid, and determining the ratio of the microdroplet in which the signal was detected out of the total number of microdroplets, the nucleic acid in the sample This is one of the digital analysis techniques for quantifying
- Digital analysis technology requires a sealed container that seals the fluorescent beads that emit light in combination with the mixture and microdroplets so that they can be read by a microscope.
- this sealed container in order to distinguish each fluorescent bead and droplet individually, the minute holes that fit the beads are evenly arranged on the bottom surface of the container, and pouring is performed so that the beads fit in each hole. Sealing is performed.
- a mixture of a PCR reaction reagent and a nucleic acid is diluted so that the number of nucleic acids serving as a template present in one microdroplet is zero or one.
- the volume of each microdroplet is preferably small.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a microarray-like reaction vessel formed so that the volume of each well is 6 nl (nanoliter).
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a microarray in which a number of wells having a depth of 3 ⁇ m and a diameter of 5 ⁇ m are formed in a flow channel flows the sample through the flow channel and introduces the sample into each well, and then surplus in the flow channel.
- a method of introducing a sample into each well by extruding a reagent with a sealing liquid is disclosed.
- a microarray reaction vessel having a flow path can be manufactured by welding a plurality of resin members.
- a reaction state in a reaction container may be observed using visible light or fluorescence, and the reaction container may be required to have light transmittance.
- a laser transmission welding method is known in which a resin member having light permeability and a resin member having light absorption properties are laser-welded.
- the light transmittance as a whole is low, and bright field observation using visible light is performed. Another problem is that the field of view becomes dark.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and a reaction container capable of obtaining sufficient brightness in bright field observation while a resin having optical transparency is welded with high accuracy and the same
- An object of the present invention is to provide a biochemical analysis method using the above.
- the reaction vessel according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a transparent base material having a plurality of recesses opening in the first surface, and the first surface inside the region including the plurality of recesses in the first surface.
- An infrared-absorbing cover member that is welded to the base material outside the region so that a gap is left between the cover member and the cover member in a visible light wavelength range. At least a part of the range of light can be transmitted.
- the cover member may have a light transmittance of 25% or more in a range of 480 nm to 570 nm in the visible light wavelength range.
- the infrared absorption rate on the first surface side of the cover member may be highest in a direction perpendicular to the first surface.
- reaction container of the aspect may further include a detection electrode disposed in the recess so as to be in contact with the liquid accommodated in the recess.
- the reaction container according to the first aspect includes a plurality of the regions on the first surface, and the outer periphery of each of the plurality of regions is the cover member so that the plurality of regions become a plurality of reaction compartments independent of each other. It may be welded to.
- the cover member may have a total light transmittance of 0.01 to 60%.
- the biochemical analysis method according to the second aspect of the present invention is the biochemical analysis method using the reaction container according to the first aspect, wherein the sample diluted so that one detection target substance enters the concave portion A liquid feeding step for feeding liquid into the gap between the substrate and the cover member, a sealing step for feeding an oily sealing liquid into the gap and sealing a plurality of recesses individually, and the sealing After the stopping step, a first observation step of performing bright field observation on the sample in the recess using the partial range of light, and after the sealing step, the sample in the recess A second observation step of irradiating the excitation light through and observing fluorescence emitted from the sample in response to the excitation light.
- the biochemical analysis method according to the second aspect may further include a reaction step of performing a signal amplification reaction in the recess after the sealing step and before the second observation step.
- the signal amplification reaction may be an enzyme reaction.
- the enzyme reaction may be an isothermal reaction.
- the enzyme reaction may be an invader reaction.
- the sample may contain DNA, RNA, miRNA, mRNA, or protein to be analyzed, and a specific labeling substance for the analyzed object.
- the analyte may include a nucleic acid
- the specific labeling substance includes at least one of a nucleic acid, enzyme, particle, antibody, and liposome different from the analyte.
- the particles include polymer beads, magnetic beads, fluorescent beads, fluorescently labeled magnetic beads, silica beads, and metal colloids.
- the sealing liquid may contain at least one of fluorine oil and silicon oil.
- the light-transmitting resin is welded with high accuracy, and sufficient brightness in bright field observation can be obtained.
- the biochemical analysis method according to the aspect of the present invention bright field observation and fluorescence observation can be performed using the reaction container.
- Example 2 It is a photograph which shows the fluorescence observation result using the reaction container of the structure corresponding to the case where the cover member is light-impermeable in the experiment example regarding the light transmittance of the cover member in the reaction container which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
- Example 2 it is a photograph which shows the result of having performed bright field observation and fluorescence observation with respect to the some reaction container which has a cover member from which the transmittance
- FIG. 1 is an overview of the reaction vessel 1 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the reaction vessel 1 of the present embodiment.
- the reaction vessel 1 of this embodiment includes a base material 2 and a cover member 4.
- the base material 2 is formed from a light transmissive resin.
- the substrate 2 of the present embodiment is substantially transparent.
- the substrate 2 has a plurality of recesses 3.
- the concave portion 3 of the base material 2 is open to the surface of the base material 2 (first surface 2a).
- the shape, size, and arrangement of the recess 3 are not particularly limited. In the present embodiment, a plurality of recesses 3 of the same shape and the same size that can accommodate a certain amount of sample used in biochemical analysis performed using the reaction vessel 1 are formed in the substrate 2.
- the microbead When microbeads are used in the biochemical analysis performed using the reaction vessel 1, the microbead has a shape and size that can accommodate one microbead and accommodates a certain amount of sample including the microbead. A possible recess 3 of the same shape and size is formed in the substrate 2.
- the recesses 3 that can accommodate microbeads having a diameter of 2 ⁇ m or more and a diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less and that have a volume of about 15 ⁇ l are triangular or tetragonal when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first surface 2a Are formed on the base material 2 so as to be aligned.
- the diameter of the recess 3 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m
- the depth of the recess 3 is, for example, 3 ⁇ m.
- the region including the plurality of recesses 3 is a region filled with one kind of sample to be analyzed in biochemical analysis. Inside this region, a gap (flow path) S is opened between the base material 2 and the cover member 4.
- the cover member 4 is welded to the base material 2.
- a spacer portion 5 for defining the size of the gap S inside the region of the base material 2 is disposed so as to surround this region.
- the spacer part 5 is a part of the cover member 4, and is formed from resin.
- the spacer portion 5 is provided so as to protrude from the outer peripheral edge portion on the lower surface of the cover member 4 toward the base material 2.
- the spacer portion 5 is welded to the base material 2 by a laser transmission welding method.
- An opening 4 a for injecting a sample or the like into the gap between the cover member 4 and the base material 2 is formed in the cover member 4. That is, the base material 2 and the cover member 4 are welded to each other via the spacer portion 5, and a region surrounded by the base material 2, the cover member 4, and the spacer portion 5 becomes a flow path (gap) S.
- the cover member 4 has infrared absorptivity.
- the cover member 4 is formed from a thermoplastic resin containing an additive for enhancing infrared absorption.
- the cover member 4 can transmit light in at least a part of the visible light wavelength range.
- the total light transmittance of the cover member 4 is lower than the total light transmittance of the substrate 2 and is high enough to ensure the brightness required for bright field observation.
- the cover member 4 may have a transmittance in the infrared region lower than a transmittance in the visible light region.
- the cover member 4 is opaque to infrared rays, and may have transparency that is substantially transparent with respect to visible light.
- the surface which contacts the base material 2 among the cover members 4 has a low infrared reflectance.
- the cover member 4 has a substantially uniform light transmittance throughout.
- the cover member 4 is formed from a thermoplastic resin including a cycloolefin polymer (COP) or an acrylic resin.
- the light transmittance in the cover member 4 may have a gradient in the thickness direction of the cover member 4.
- the cover member 4 may have low light transmittance on the base material 2 side and high light transmittance on the side opposite to the base material 2.
- the first surface 2 a side of the substrate 2 has the highest infrared absorption rate.
- the total light transmittance of the cover member 4 is preferably 0.01 to 60%, more preferably 0.1 to 60%, and even more preferably 25 to 50%.
- the total light transmittance of the cover member 4 is 0.01% or more, the light can be seen well from the opposite side of the cover member.
- the total light transmittance of the cover member 4 is 0.1% or more, the exposure time can be reduced during observation with a microscope.
- the total light transmittance of the cover member 4 is 60% or less, the mold does not collapse and good laser welding can be performed.
- the total light transmittance of the cover member 4 is 25% or more, sufficient brightness in bright field observation can be obtained.
- the total light transmittance of the cover member 4 is 50% or less, the autofluorescence of the cover member at the time of observation with a microscope can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 For the production of the reaction vessel 1 of the present embodiment, a resin-made first plate-like member 2 ⁇ / b> A that becomes the material of the base material 2 and a resin-made second plate-like member 4 ⁇ / b> A that becomes the material of the cover member 4 are prepared. (See FIG. 1).
- the first plate member 2A and the second plate member 4A are processed.
- a plurality of recesses 3 are formed on one surface in the plate thickness direction.
- minute holes having a diameter of 5 ⁇ m, for example, in a 10 mm square region are formed in a lattice pattern on one surface in the thickness direction of the resin plate 2b that is the material of the first plate-like member 2A.
- the first plate-like member 2A is made of, for example, a substantially transparent thermoplastic resin formed with CYTOP (registered trademark), and can be considered practically transparent at least in the visible light and infrared light regions. It has the light transmittance of. Further, the first plate-like member may be integrally formed with resin. Examples of the material of the first plate member made of resin include cycloolefin polymer, cycloolefin copolymer, silicon, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate, fluororesin, and amorphous fluororesin. In addition, these materials shown as an example of a 1st plate-shaped member are an example to the last, and the material of a 1st plate-shaped member is not restricted to these.
- the second plate-like member 4A is molded so as to have the spacer portion 5 on the surface directed to the first plate-like member 2A side during assembly.
- the second plate-like member 4A is formed by molding a thermoplastic resin fluid mixed with additives so that the total light transmittance is 25% or more and 50% or less using a molding die. 5 is formed into a plate shape.
- the second plate-like member 4A is formed with an opening 4a for injecting a sample or the like.
- the surface directed to the first plate-like member 2A side is subjected to a surface treatment for improving water repellency.
- a water-repellent coating agent is applied to the surface of the molded second plate-like member 4A that faces the first plate-like member 2A to form a coating agent layer.
- the surface on the side where the recess 3 is opened in the first plate-like member 2A (this surface is the first surface 2a of the substrate 2 and The first plate-like member 2A and the second plate-like member 4A are overlapped so that the spacer portion 5 of the second plate-like member 4A comes into contact. Furthermore, in a state where the first plate-like member 2A and the second plate-like member 4A are overlapped as described above, a laser L (see FIG. 1) having a long wavelength (for example, a wavelength of 800 nm or more) of near infrared rays or more is used.
- the first plate-like member 2A is transmitted and irradiated to the spacer portion 5 of the second plate-like member 4A.
- a solid laser for example, YAG laser
- a semiconductor laser laser diode
- the usable laser wavelength may be, for example, in the range of 800 nm to 1000 nm.
- the laser irradiated to the spacer portion 5 is hardly absorbed by the first plate-like member 2A and is absorbed by the spacer portion 5, so that the spacer portion 5 is heated.
- the first plate-like member 2 ⁇ / b> A and the second plate-like member 4 ⁇ / b> A are welded at the spacer portion 5.
- the first plate member 2 ⁇ / b> A serves as the base material 2 of the reaction vessel 1
- the second plate member 4 ⁇ / b> A serves as the cover member 4 of the reaction vessel 1.
- the base material 2 and the cover member 4 are welded by the laser transmission welding method, precise and reliable welding is possible, and between the base material 2 and the cover member 4 is possible.
- the injected sample is difficult to leak.
- the reaction vessel 1 of the present embodiment the reproducibility of biochemical analysis using the reaction vessel 1 is excellent.
- the substrate 2 is substantially transparent and the total light transmittance of the cover member 4 is 25% or more, sufficient brightness in bright field observation can be obtained.
- the resin having optical transparency is welded with high accuracy, and sufficient brightness in bright field observation can be obtained.
- the total light transmittance (optical density) of the cover member 4 can be measured using a known measurement method. It is also possible to estimate the transmittance of light having a long wavelength equal to or greater than near infrared rays from the visible light transmittance. For example, when the cover member is formed by COP, if the visible light transmittance is 92%, the transmittance of light having a long wavelength equal to or greater than near infrared light is 90%.
- the reaction container 1 of the present embodiment can be used for performing a signal amplification reaction on a sample, observing the signal, and measuring the concentration of the analyte in the sample.
- a sample diluted so that one molecule of the detection target substance enters the recess 3 of the reaction vessel 1 is fed from the opening 4a of the cover member 4 to the gap between the base member 2 and the cover member 4 ( Liquid feeding step).
- the sample to be fed in the liquid feeding step contains DNA, RNA, miRNA, mRNA, or protein to be analyzed.
- the sample also contains a detection reagent for the analyte.
- Detection reagents include enzymes and buffer substances.
- the enzyme contained in the reagent corresponds to the content of the biochemical reaction in order to perform a biochemical reaction such as an enzymatic reaction with respect to the template nucleic acid related to the analysis target. Selected.
- the biochemical reaction with respect to the template nucleic acid is, for example, a reaction in which signal amplification occurs under conditions where the template nucleic acid is present.
- a reagent is selected according to the method which can detect a nucleic acid, for example. Specifically, reagents used in the Invader (registered trademark) method, the LAMP method (registered trademark), the TaqMan (registered trademark) method, the fluorescent probe method, and other methods are included in the reagent of this embodiment.
- the sample fed into the gap between the substrate 2 and the cover member 4 in the liquid feeding process is accommodated in the plurality of recesses 3.
- the oil-based sealing liquid is fed into the gap between the base member 2 and the cover member 4 from the opening 4a of the cover member 4 to individually seal the plurality of recesses 3 (sealing process).
- the sealing liquid is one of fluorine-based oil and silicon-based oil, or a mixture thereof.
- the sealing liquid replaces the sample that is not accommodated in the recess 3 among the samples that are fed into the gap between the base material 2 and the cover member 4 in the liquid feeding step. Thereby, the sealing liquid seals the plurality of recesses 3 individually, and the recesses 3 become independent reaction spaces.
- a predetermined biochemical reaction is performed in the recess 3 (reaction process).
- a signal amplification reaction is performed in the recess 3. That is, the signal is amplified by the reaction step to a level at which the signal can be observed so that the signal derived from the specific labeling substance is detected in the recess 3.
- the signal include fluorescence, color development, potential change, pH change and the like.
- a fluorescent signal is amplified.
- the signal amplification reaction is, for example, an enzyme reaction.
- the signal amplification reaction is an isothermal reaction in which the reaction vessel 1 is maintained for a predetermined time under a constant temperature condition in which a desired enzyme activity is obtained in a state where a sample containing an enzyme for signal amplification is accommodated in the recess 3. It is.
- an invader reaction can be used as the signal amplification reaction.
- the sample in the recess 3 contains an invader reaction reagent and a template nucleic acid.
- the fluorescent substance is liberated from the quenching substance when both the analyte and the specific labeling substance are accommodated in the recess 3 by an enzymatic reaction by an isothermal reaction. To emit a predetermined fluorescence signal corresponding to the excitation light.
- the signal amplified by the signal amplification reaction in the reaction step is observed.
- first observation step in order to identify the recess 3 in which the specific labeling substance is accommodated, the presence or absence of microbeads in the recess 3 is observed.
- first observation step bright field observation using white light irradiated in a direction perpendicular to the first surface 2a in the reaction vessel 1 is performed. Since the shadow of the microbead is observed if the microbead exists in the recess 3, it is possible to specify the bead in which the microbead is accommodated in the recess 3 formed on the substrate 2. .
- the presence or absence of a signal amplified by the above reaction step when the specific labeling substance and the analyte are present in the recess 3 is observed (second observation step).
- the second observation step for example, when the above-described invader reaction is performed, the excitation light corresponding to the fluorescent material is irradiated from the base material 2 side to the cover member 4 side, through the base material 2 and into the recess 3.
- the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent material contained in the sample is observed from the substrate 2 side. Since the substrate 2 is substantially transparent, fluorescence observation can be performed with the same sensitivity as that of the known reaction vessel 1 used for fluorescence observation.
- the experimental reaction vessel 10 manufactured in this experimental example is substantially transparent as a whole.
- observation was performed by attaching either a light-transmitting colored film or a light-impermeable black film to the experimental reaction vessel 10.
- each of the above films was attached to a plate-like member corresponding to the cover member 4.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing a bright field observation result using a reaction container having a configuration corresponding to the case where the cover member is transparent in the experimental example regarding the light transmittance of the cover member in the reaction container of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a result of fluorescence observation using a reaction container having a configuration corresponding to a case where the cover member is transparent in an experimental example relating to light transmittance of the cover member in the reaction container of the present invention.
- an image can be obtained by bright field observation, and an image can also be obtained by fluorescence observation. It was.
- FIG. 5 is a result of bright field observation using a reaction container having a structure corresponding to the case where the cover member is colored so as to have light transmission in the experimental example relating to the light transmission of the cover member in the reaction container of the present invention. It is a photograph which shows.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of fluorescence observation using a reaction container having a structure corresponding to the case where the cover member is colored with light transmission in an experimental example related to the light transmission of the cover member in the reaction container of the present invention. It is a photograph shown. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, even in the case of an experimental reaction vessel 10 with a light-transmitting colored film attached, an image can be obtained by bright field observation and an image can also be obtained by fluorescence observation. I was able to.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph showing bright field observation results using a reaction container having a structure corresponding to the case where the cover member is light-impermeable in the experimental example regarding the light transmittance of the cover member in the reaction container of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph showing a fluorescence observation result using a reaction container having a configuration corresponding to the case where the cover member is non-light-transmitting in the experimental example regarding the light transmittance of the cover member in the reaction container of the present invention.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 in the case of the experimental reaction vessel 10 to which a light-impermeable black film was attached, an image could not be obtained by bright field observation. On the other hand, in this case, an image could be obtained by fluorescence observation.
- the reaction container of the above embodiment may further include a detection electrode (not shown) disposed in the recess so as to be able to contact the liquid accommodated in the recess.
- This detection electrode can be connected to a measuring instrument through a wiring (not shown), and can be used for pH measurement and other electrochemical measurements.
- the reaction vessel of the above embodiment may have a plurality of regions on the first surface including a plurality of recesses.
- the plurality of regions become a plurality of reaction compartments independent of each other. That is, different samples can be supplied to a plurality of reaction compartments so that one type of sample corresponds to one region serving as one reaction compartment.
- the plurality of regions are surrounded by the spacer portion, and the spacer portion is welded to the cover member, so that a biochemical analysis can be performed without mixing the sample.
- analysis conditions temperature, reaction time, etc.
- the cover member may have a light transmittance in a part of the visible light wavelength range higher than a light transmittance in another range of the visible light wavelength range.
- the cover member may have a light transmittance of 25% or more in the range of 480 nm to 570 nm in the visible light wavelength range.
- green fluorescence or the like can be observed well.
- Example 1 of the present invention is shown below.
- the laser transmission welding method after pressing a transmitting material that transmits a laser beam having a specific wavelength and an absorbing material that absorbs the laser light from both sides, the laser beam is transmitted from the transmitting material side.
- the absorbent material is dissolved by being applied to the interface between the material and the absorbent material.
- the absorbent material is dissolved, and heat is also transmitted from the absorbent material to the permeable material, and the permeable material is heated by exceeding the melting temperature of the permeable material, thereby dissolving the permeable material.
- the cover member functioning as an absorbent when the reaction vessel is manufactured using the laser transmission welding method can be reliably welded to the substrate by the laser transmission welding method, and the biochemical reaction using the reaction vessel Shows a specific example for enabling fluorescence observation by fluorescence transmitted through the cover member.
- the material of the base material in this example is cycloolefin polymer (COP) (thickness is 1 mm).
- a cover member was prepared using polystyrene (black), PMMA (YL-500P-Y1 YAG (semi-transparent), manufactured by Sigma Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a material for the cover member in this example.
- These materials are materials with low absorptance of the YAG laser.
- ML-2030B manufactured by Amada Miyachi Co., Ltd.
- the both materials were sandwiched between the ends with a turn clip, and the base material side was placed on top. Then, it installed in the laser welding machine so that a laser might be perpendicularly applied from the base material side.
- Laser welding was performed by combining the materials selected as the base material and the cover member.
- the setting items for carrying out laser welding were an irradiation voltage of 400 V, an irradiation time of 1 ms, and an irradiation frequency of 10 times per second, and laser light was irradiated to three points separated from each other.
- welding was possible when polystyrene (black) was used as a material for the cover member and when PMMA (YL-500P-Y1 YAG (translucent)) was used.
- each material used as a cover member was allowed to pass white light with a green filter, and it was confirmed whether the light could be visually recognized from the opposite side of the cover member. As a result, light was visible with all materials other than polystyrene (black).
- laser welding can be performed by using a combination of COP and PMMA (YL-500P-Y1 YAG (translucent)) as the material of the base material and the cover member, respectively, and the cover member side It was confirmed that a material structure capable of detecting light can be realized.
- the base material may be a light transmissive resin other than COP.
- Example 2 of the present invention is shown below.
- the cover member functioning as an absorbent when the reaction vessel is manufactured using the laser transmission welding method can be reliably welded to the substrate by the laser transmission welding method, and the biochemical reaction using the reaction vessel Shows a specific example for enabling fluorescence observation by fluorescence transmitted through the cover member.
- the material of the base material in this example is cycloolefin polymer (COP) (thickness is 0.3 mm to 1 mm).
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- a COP material added with carbon black: transmittance 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.8%, 6%, 24%, 47%) is used.
- the carbon-added (carbon-containing) COP material can be prepared by selecting from commercially available carbon materials for coloring resin (plastic) and mixing them when creating the COP material.
- a transparent COP material transmitmittance of 91% with respect to air
- a COP material having a transmittance of 0% was used as a comparative example showing a cover member material that is not suitable for bright field observation.
- the total light transmittance (optical density) is measured on an optical bench with a laser light source (2 wavelengths 532 nm, 632 nm, output 2 mmW), pinhole, mirror, sample holder, PD photodetector (OPTICAL POWER METER ML910B manufactured by Anritsu). ) was set up and the transmittance was measured.
- the total light transmittance is a relative value with the air transmittance being 100%.
- the laser welding machine in this example and the comparative example is a welding machine using a semiconductor laser (LD-HEATER) manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics as a laser, and a wavelength of 940 nm was used.
- LD-HEATER semiconductor laser
- the air cylinder was pressurized and the base material and the cover member were pressed and adhered to the transparent glass plate.
- laser welding was performed by scanning the laser head with a robot arm so that the laser was applied perpendicularly to the glass plate through a transparent glass plate.
- ⁇ Laser welding was performed by combining the materials selected as the base material and the cover member.
- Setting items for performing laser welding are, for example, laser power, scan speed, number of repetitions, and the like.
- a light source and a filter may be used so as to emit light having a wavelength similar to the wavelength of light emitted from the analysis target.
- the white light can be appropriately selected from an LED, a fluorescent lamp, and the like.
- a light source that emits light having a wavelength similar to the wavelength of light emitted from the analysis target may be used. Table 1 shows the results of laser welding and visual recognition. In Table 1, in the column of welding, “ ⁇ ” indicates that welding was successful, and “x” indicates that welding was not possible. In Table 1, in the column of bead observation, “ ⁇ ” indicates that light was visually recognized, and “x” indicates that light was not visually recognized.
- the base material and the cover member were able to be welded without collapsing when the transmittance of 0% to 47% was used as the cover member material.
- the material having a transmittance of 91% could not be welded without melting.
- the transmittance is 60% or less
- the base material and the cover member can be welded without collapsing.
- a material having a transmittance of 0.01% to 47% was used, light irradiated from the side opposite to the base material of the cover member could be visually recognized from the base material side.
- a material having a transmittance of 0% was used, light could not be visually recognized from the opposite side of the cover member.
- the cover member when the cover member is formed of a COP material, a material structure capable of performing good laser welding and detecting light from the cover member side when the transmittance is 0.01% to 47%. Can be realized.
- the base material may be a light transmissive resin other than COP.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph showing the results of performing bright field and fluorescence observation on the cover member having transmittance of 0%, 0.1%, 24%, 47%, 91%, and 100% while changing the exposure time. .
- the transmittance was 0.1% or more, a clear bright field image could be obtained with an exposure time of 1 second or less.
- the transmittance was lower than 0.1%, the exposure time required more than 1 second, and a longer photographing time was required to obtain a bright field image.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2016年4月27日に日本に出願された特願2016-089362号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
例えば、DNA内に記録されている一塩基多型(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism:SNP)解析による体質診断、体細胞変異解析による抗がん剤の投与判断、ウイルスのタンパク質の解析による感染症対策等が知られている。
上記第一態様において、前記カバー部材は、全光線透過率が0.01~60%であってもよい。
上記第二態様において、前記酵素反応は、等温反応であってもよい。
上記第二態様において、前記酵素反応は、インベーダー反応であってもよい。
なお、粒子としては、ポリマービーズ、磁性ビーズ、蛍光ビーズ、蛍光標識磁性ビーズ、シリカビーズ、金属コロイドが挙げられる。
本発明の上記態様に係る生化学分析方法によれば、上記の反応容器を用いて明視野観察及び蛍光観察をすることができる。
図1は、本実施形態の反応容器1の概観図である。図2は、本実施形態の反応容器1の断面図である。
基材2は、光透過性樹脂から形成される。本実施形態の基材2は、実質的に透明である。
基材2は、複数の凹部3を有する。基材2の凹部3は、基材2の表面(第一表面2a)に開口している。凹部3の形状、寸法、および配置は特に限定されない。本実施形態では、反応容器1を用いて行われる生化学分析において使用される一定量の試料を収容可能な同形同大の複数の凹部3が基材2に形成されている。また、反応容器1を用いて行われる生化学分析においてマイクロビーズが使用される場合には、マイクロビーズを1つ収容可能な形状及び寸法を有し、マイクロビーズを含んだ一定量の試料を収容可能な同形同大の凹部3が基材2に形成されている。
基材2の第一表面2aのうち、複数の凹部3を含んだ領域は、生化学分析において分析対象となる1種類の試料が充填される領域となっている。この領域の内側では、基材2とカバー部材4との間に隙間(流路)Sが開けられている。
カバー部材4は、全体に亘って略均一な光透過性を有している。たとえば、カバー部材4は、シクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)やアクリル樹脂を含む熱可塑性樹脂から形成される。なお、カバー部材4における光透過性が、カバー部材4の厚さ方向に勾配を有していてもよい。たとえば、カバー部材4は、基材2側における光透過性が低く、基材2と反対側における光透過性が高くてもよい。この場合、カバー部材4において基材2の第一表面2a側は最も赤外線吸収率が高い。
本実施形態の反応容器1の製造には、基材2の材料となる樹脂製の第一板状部材2Aと、カバー部材4の材料となる樹脂製の第二板状部材4Aとを用意する(図1参照)。
第一板状部材2Aに対しては、板厚方向の一方の面に複数の凹部3が形成される。一例として、図1に示すように、第一板状部材2Aの材料となる樹脂板2bにおける板厚方向の一方の面に、10mm四方の領域内に例えば5μmの直径の微小な孔が格子状に整列して開口するCYTOP(登録商標)(旭硝子)の層2cを形成する。即ち、第一板状部材2Aは樹脂板2bとCYTOPの層2cとを有する。CYTOP(登録商標)に形成された微小な孔が凹部3となる。第一板状部材2Aは、例えば実質的に透明な熱可塑性樹脂にCYTOP(登録商標)が形成されたものであり、少なくとも可視光及び赤外光の領域において実用上は透明と見做せる程度の光透過性を有している。また、第一板状部材は樹脂で一体成型されていてもよい。
樹脂からなる第一板状部材の材質の例としては、シクロオレフィンポリマーや、シクロオレフィンコポリマー、シリコン、ポリプロピレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、フッ素樹脂、アモルファスフッ素樹脂などが挙げられる。なお、第一板状部材の例として示されたこれらの材質はあくまでも例であり、第一板状部材の材質はこれらには限られない。
特に本実施形態では、基材2が実質的に透明であり、カバー部材4の全光線透過率が25%以上であるので、明視野観察における十分な明るさを得ることができる。
このように、本実施形態の反応容器1によれば、光透過性を有する樹脂が高い精度で溶着されているとともに、明視野観察における十分な明るさを得ることができる。カバー部材4の全光線透過率(光学濃度)は、公知の測定方法を用いて測定することができる。なお、可視光透過率から近赤外線以上の長波長の光の透過率を推測することも可能である。例えば、COPでカバー部材を形成する場合、可視光の透過率が92%であると、近赤外線以上の長波長の光の透過率が90%になる。
本実施形態の反応容器1は、試料に対してシグナル増幅反応を行ってシグナルを観察し、試料中の分析対象物の濃度を測定するために利用可能である。
送液工程において基材2とカバー部材4との間の隙間に送液された試料は、複数の凹部3の内部に収容される。
封止工程において、封止液は、上記の送液工程において基材2とカバー部材4との隙間に送液された試料のうち、凹部3に収容されていない試料を置換する。これにより、封止液が複数の凹部3を個別に封止し、凹部3は独立した反応空間となる。
まず、特異的標識物質が収容された凹部3を特定するために、凹部3内におけるマイクロビーズの有無を観察する(第一観察工程)。
第一観察工程では、反応容器1における第一表面2aに対して垂直な方向に照射する白色光を用いた明視野観察を行う。凹部3内にマイクロビーズが存在していればマイクロビーズの影が観察されるので、これによって、基材2上に形成された凹部3のうちマイクロビーズが収容されたビーズを特定することができる。
第二観察工程では、たとえば上記のインベーダー反応が行われた場合には、蛍光物質に対応する励起光を、基材2側からカバー部材4側へ、基材2を通じて凹部3内へ照射し、試料に含まれる蛍光物質が発する蛍光を基材2側から観察する。基材2は実質的に透明であるので、蛍光観察に使用される公知の反応容器1と同等の感度で蛍光観察をすることができる。
カバー部材4の光透過性の程度が明視野観察及び蛍光観察に及ぼす影響について明らかにした実験例を以下に示す。以下に示す実験例において、本実施形態の反応容器1に相当する構成要素には、対応する符号が付されている。
本実験例では、実験用の反応容器10を製造するために、2枚の透明な樹脂製の板状部材を使用した。2枚の板状部材のうちの一方の板状部材から基材2を形成した。他方の板状部材に対して両面テープによってスペーサ部5を形成し、基材2に接着して上記のカバー部材4の代用とした。
2枚の板状部材の間に、蛍光標識マイクロビーズが分散された液体を注入し、さらに封止液によって複数の凹部3を個別に封止した。凹部3内に蛍光標識マイクロビーズが収容された状態を、蛍光顕微鏡(Olympus社製BX-51)を用いて観察(明視野観察及び蛍光観察)した。
図3及び図4に示すように、どちらのフィルムも貼り付けていない実験用の反応容器10の場合には、明視野観察により画像を得ることができ、蛍光観察によっても画像を得ることができた。
図5及び図6に示すように、光透過性を有する着色フィルムを貼り付けた実験用の反応容器10の場合でも、明視野観察により画像を得ることができ、蛍光観察によっても画像を得ることができた。
図7及び図8に示すように、光不透過の黒色のフィルムを貼り付けた実験用の反応容器10の場合では、明視野観察により画像を得ることはできなかった。一方、この場合では、蛍光観察によって画像を得ることができた。
例えば、上記実施形態の反応容器は、凹部内に収容される液体に接触可能となるように凹部内に配された検出電極(不図示)をさらに備えていてもよい。この検出電極は、不図示の配線を通じて測定器に接続可能であり、pH測定その他の電気化学的な測定に使用可能である。
本発明の実施例1を以下に示す。
レーザー透過溶着法では、特定の波長を持つレーザー光を透過する透過材と、このレーザー光を吸収する吸収材をあわせて双方から加圧した後、上記のレーザー光を、透過材側から、透過材と吸収材との境界面にあてることによって、吸収材を溶解させる。これにより、吸収材が溶解するとともに、吸収材から透過材へも熱が伝わり、透過材の溶融温度を超えて透過材が加熱されることによって、透過材も溶解する。その結果、レーザー透過溶着法では、照射するレーザー光の波長に対する吸収率の低い透過材を溶着することができる。
本実施例では、レーザー透過溶着法を用いて反応容器を製造する際に吸収材として機能するカバー部材について、レーザー透過溶着法により基材に確実に溶着できるとともに、反応容器を用いた生化学反応においてカバー部材を透過する蛍光による蛍光観察ができるようにするための具体例を示す。
本実施例におけるカバー部材の材料として、ポリスチレン(黒色)、PMMA(YL-500P-Y1 YAG(半透明)、シグマ光機製)を用いてカバー部材を作製した。
また、レーザー透過溶着法に適していないカバー部材の材料を示す比較例として、ポリスチレン(透明)、PMMA製(YL-500P-LD(半透明))、PMMA(YL-500P-Y2 アルゴン(半透明))についても示す。これらの材料は、YAGレーザーの吸収率が低い材料である。
本実施例及び比較例におけるレーザー溶着機として、YAGレーザー溶着機であるML-2030B(株アマダミヤチ製)を使用した。
結果として、溶着できたのは、カバー部材の材料として、ポリスチレン(黒色)を使用した場合、及び、PMMA(YL-500P-Y1 YAG(半透明))を使用した場合であった。
結果として、ポリスチレン(黒色)以外のすべての材料で光を視認することができた。
なお、基材の材質は、COP以外の光透過性樹脂であってもよい。
本発明の実施例2を以下に示す。
本実施例では、レーザー透過溶着法を用いて反応容器を製造する際に吸収材として機能するカバー部材について、レーザー透過溶着法により基材に確実に溶着できるとともに、反応容器を用いた生化学反応においてカバー部材を透過する蛍光による蛍光観察ができるようにするための具体例を示す。
全光線透過率(光学濃度)の測定は、光学ベンチ上に、レーザー光源(2波長 532nm、632nm、出力 2mmW程度)、ピンホール、ミラー、サンプルホルダー、PD光検出器(アンリツ製OPTICAL POWER METER ML910B)をセットアップして透過率の測定を行った。なお、全光線透過率は、空気の透過率を100%とする相対値である。
また、透過率0.01%~47%の材料を使用した場合では、カバー部材の基材と反対側から照射した光を基材側から視認することができた。一方で、透過率0%の材料を使用した場合では、カバー部材の反対側から光を視認することができなかった。
2 基材
2A 第一板状部材
3 凹部
4 カバー部材
4A 第二板状部材
5 スペーサ部
10 実験用の反応容器
Claims (14)
- 第一表面に開口する複数の凹部を有する透明な基材と、
前記第一表面のうち前記複数の凹部を含んだ領域の内側において前記第一表面との間に隙間が空いた状態となるように前記領域の外側において前記基材に対して溶着された赤外線吸収性のカバー部材と、
を備え、
前記カバー部材は、可視光の波長域のうち少なくとも一部の範囲の光を透過可能である反応容器。 - 前記カバー部材は、可視光の波長域のうち480nm以上570nm以下の範囲の光の透過率が25%以上である、請求項1に記載の反応容器。
- 前記第一表面に対して垂直な方向において、前記カバー部材における前記第一表面側の赤外線吸収率が最も高い、請求項1に記載の反応容器。
- 前記凹部内に収容される液体に接触可能となるように前記凹部内に配された検出電極をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の反応容器。
- 前記領域を前記第一表面に複数有し、
複数の前記領域が互いに独立した複数の反応区画となるように複数の前記領域のそれぞれの外周が前記カバー部材に溶着されている、
請求項1に記載の反応容器。 - 前記カバー部材は、全光線透過率が0.01~60%である、請求項1に記載の反応容器。
- 請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか一項に記載の反応容器を用いた生化学分析方法であって、
前記凹部に一つの検出対象物質が入るように希釈された試料を前記基材と前記カバー部材との間の前記隙間に送液する送液工程と、
前記隙間に油性の封止液を送液して複数の凹部を個別に封止する封止工程と、
前記封止工程の後、前記凹部内の試料に対して前記一部の範囲の光を用いて明視野観察を行う第一観察工程と、
前記封止工程の後、前記凹部内の試料に前記基材を通じて励起光を照射するとともに前記励起光に対応して前記試料が発する蛍光を観察する第二観察工程と、
を含む、
生化学分析方法。 - 前記封止工程の後、前記第二観察工程の前に、前記凹部内でシグナル増幅反応を行う反応工程をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の生化学分析方法。
- 前記シグナル増幅反応が酵素反応である、請求項8に記載の生化学分析方法。
- 前記酵素反応が等温反応である、請求項9に記載の生化学分析方法。
- 前記酵素反応がインベーダー反応である、請求項9に記載の生化学分析方法。
- 前記試料は、分析対象物となるDNA,RNA,miRNA,mRNA,又はタンパク質と、前記分析対象物に対する特異的標識物質と、を含む、請求項7から請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の生化学分析方法。
- 前記分析対象物は核酸を含み、
前記特異的標識物質は、前記分析対象物とは異なる核酸,酵素,粒子,抗体,及びリポソームの少なくとも一つを含む、
請求項12に記載の生化学分析方法。 - 前記封止液は、フッ素系オイルとシリコン系オイルとの少なくともいずれかを含む、請求項7に記載の生化学分析方法。
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