WO2017188314A1 - 潤滑剤劣化検出装置、潤滑剤劣化状態評価方法 - Google Patents
潤滑剤劣化検出装置、潤滑剤劣化状態評価方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017188314A1 WO2017188314A1 PCT/JP2017/016541 JP2017016541W WO2017188314A1 WO 2017188314 A1 WO2017188314 A1 WO 2017188314A1 JP 2017016541 W JP2017016541 W JP 2017016541W WO 2017188314 A1 WO2017188314 A1 WO 2017188314A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- gas
- gas sensor
- lubricant deterioration
- detection device
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N2200/00—Condition of lubricant
- F16N2200/08—Acidity, pH-value
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N2210/00—Applications
- F16N2210/14—Bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N2230/00—Signal processing
- F16N2230/02—Microprocessor; Microcomputer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N2260/00—Fail safe
- F16N2260/02—Indicating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N2270/00—Controlling
- F16N2270/50—Condition
- F16N2270/54—Condition pH; Acidity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricant deterioration detection device and a lubricant deterioration state evaluation method.
- lubricant deterioration In machines such as rolling devices (rolling bearings, ball screws, linear guides, etc.) that are lubricated with lubricants such as lubricating oil and grease, if the lubricant deteriorates, the machine will increase torque, increase wear, temperature An increase or the like occurs, causing an abnormality.
- Major causes of lubricant deterioration include thermal decomposition and deterioration due to oxidation reaction (oxidation deterioration).
- the deterioration state of the lubricant can be determined by measuring the amount of wear, the acid amount, the volatilization amount of hydrocarbons, and the amount of the compound having a carbonyl group and the like as a result of deterioration.
- a lubricant is periodically collected from an operating rolling device, and the deterioration state of the lubricant is inspected by, for example, the following method.
- the method is a method of measuring the amount of wear by quantifying a metal by atomic absorption spectrometry or the like, a method of measuring an acid amount by a total acid value test method shown in “ASTM D3242”, an infrared spectroscopic analysis method This is a method for measuring absorbance due to a carbonyl group in the vicinity of 1710 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the chemical deterioration of the lubricant proceeds in the order of (1) peroxy radical ⁇ (2) hydroperoxide ⁇ (3) carbonyl compound ⁇ (4) polymer (gum) and lower fatty acid.
- the above-mentioned method for measuring the amount of acid is a method for detecting deterioration at the stage (4).
- Patent Document 1 as a device that can always detect the deterioration state of a lubricant in a rolling bearing, the lubricant deterioration provided with a gas sensor that detects at least one of hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia gas present in the bearing.
- a detection device is described. Specifically, an opening is provided in the disc portion of the shield plate of the rolling bearing that has a shield plate and is lubricated by a lubricant, and the gas sensor is provided in the opening via a ceramic filter.
- an infrared light emitter and a detector constituting an infrared spectrophotometer are arranged at positions facing each other across a pipe for flowing a lubricant, and sandwiched between the infrared light emitter and the detector.
- a lubricant deterioration detection device provided with a sample cell portion that transmits infrared rays at the position of a pipe.
- the lubricating oil discharged from the rolling bearing is used again, the deterioration state of the lubricating oil in the piping from the reservoir to the oil supply port is measured, and the absorbance due to the carbonyl group near 1710 cm ⁇ 1 is measured.
- a device that constantly detects by doing so is described.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device described in Patent Document 1 has room for improvement in terms of accuracy in determining lubricant deterioration.
- An object of the present invention is to make it possible to determine the deterioration state of a lubricant of a rolling bearing with high accuracy.
- a first aspect of the present invention provides a lubricant deterioration detection device including a gas sensor that detects a carbonyl compound.
- a lubricant deterioration detecting device including a gas sensor that detects at least one of n-hexanal and n-heptanal.
- a lubricant for evaluating the deterioration state of a lubricant by detecting in situ the amount of a gaseous carbonyl compound generated from the lubricant of a rolling bearing lubricated with the lubricant.
- a degradation state evaluation method is provided.
- a housing that rotatably accommodates the rolling bearing, a gas sensor installed outside the housing, a gas outlet port formed in the housing, and a gas inlet port of the gas sensor are connected,
- a lubricant deterioration detection device that includes a gas introduction pipe that introduces gas in a housing into a gas sensor and detects a deterioration state of a lubricant in a rolling bearing by a detection value of the gas sensor.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device includes a gas sensor that detects a carbonyl compound that is a component that indicates a sign of lubricant deterioration, detection of hydrocarbons generated even when the lubricant has not deteriorated. Therefore, the accuracy of determining the deterioration of the lubricant is higher than that of the apparatus for determining the deterioration of the lubricant.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device according to the second aspect includes a gas sensor that detects at least one of n-hexanal and n-heptanal, which is a component that indicates a sign of lubricant deterioration, so that the lubricant does not deteriorate. Even in such a case, the accuracy of the determination of the lubricant deterioration becomes higher than that of the apparatus that determines the deterioration of the lubricant by detecting the generated hydrocarbon.
- the third aspect there is provided a method capable of determining the deterioration state of the lubricant of the rolling bearing with high accuracy.
- the gas sensor since the gas sensor is installed outside the casing in which the rolling bearing is rotatably accommodated, the gas sensor is not easily affected by vibration or heat generated during operation of the rolling bearing. Therefore, it is possible to determine the deterioration state of the lubricant of the rolling bearing with higher accuracy than the lubricant deterioration detecting device in which the casing of the gas sensor is directly attached to the rolling bearing.
- thermoelectric conversion element which comprises the lubricant deterioration detection apparatus of 1st embodiment
- FIG. 1 shows the gas sensor which comprises the lubricant deterioration detection apparatus of 1st embodiment.
- FIG. 1 It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the thermoelectric conversion element which comprises the lubricant deterioration detection apparatus of 1st embodiment, Comprising: The unit formation part of the board
- thermoelectric conversion element which comprises the lubricant deterioration detection apparatus of 1st embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
- a QCM sensor having an acetic acid-selective membrane is connected to odorous components acetic acid (AcOH), n-heptanal (C 6 CHO), n-heptanol (C 7 OH), n-heptane (C 7 H 16 ), and toluene ( It is a graph which shows the result of having made the gas containing each Tol) contact and measuring the detection intensity
- thermoelectric conversion element which comprises the lubricant deterioration detection apparatus of 2nd embodiment. It is a graph explaining the virtual example of the time change of the detection intensity of each component by a gas sensor. It is a top view explaining the slit formation process which comprises the manufacturing method of the thermoelectric conversion element shown in FIG. It is a top view explaining the front
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device described in Patent Document 1 includes a gas sensor that detects at least one of hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia gas present in a bearing.
- the inventor of this application collected gas generated from thermally deteriorated materials heated for a long time for mineral oil, poly- ⁇ -olefin oligomer oil, and polyol ester oil used as bearing lubricants, and gas chromatograph mass spectrometry As a result of analysis, it was found that the main component of the odor component was a carbonyl compound.
- FIG. 1 is a chart showing the analysis result of mineral oil
- FIG. 1 is a chart showing the analysis result of mineral oil
- FIG. 2 is a chart showing the analysis result of polyalphaolefin oligomer oil
- FIG. 3 is the chart showing the analysis result of polyol ester oil.
- the compounds of peaks 1 to 8 in FIGS. 1 to 3 and their physical properties are summarized in Table 1.
- the odor component contains a common carbonyl compound (aldehyde, ketone, organic peroxide, organic acid).
- formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, formic acid, and the like which have lower boiling points than the compounds shown in Table 1, are also included in the odor component.
- the molecular weight, boiling point, and vapor pressure of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, and formic acid are as shown in Table 2.
- Such low molecular weight carbonyl compounds have a low boiling point of 118 ° C. to 195 ° C. and many have a high vapor pressure, and are easy to volatilize when the lubricant is deteriorated. Suitable for detection). Further, since the volatility is high, the gas sensor can be easily attached to and detached from the detection unit (a film formed on the surface of the vibrator in the case of the quartz vibrator sensor) and hardly remains, so that the responsiveness of the gas sensor is improved.
- formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, n-hexanal, n-heptanal, formic acid, and acetic acid are particularly suitable as detection targets based on the boiling point and vapor pressure values.
- hydrogen sulfide and ammonia which are the detection targets of the lubricant deterioration detection device of Patent Document 1, are gases derived from additive components, and are not used for all lubricants. And, when the rolling bearing becomes hot, hydrocarbons are generated even when the lubricant is not deteriorated. Therefore, using a device that determines the deterioration of the lubricant by detecting hydrocarbons is likely to cause a misdiagnosis.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of this embodiment includes a gas sensor 1, a wireless transmission device 2, a display device (reception device) 20, and a thermoelectric conversion element 3.
- the gas sensor 1, the wireless transmission device 2, and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 5.
- the cylindrical body 5 is a bearing housing in which an outer ring of a rolling bearing is fitted. Two identical rolling bearings 4 are attached to the cylindrical body 5.
- the rolling bearing 4 (4A, 4B) is a sealed deep groove ball bearing including an inner ring 41, an outer ring 42, a ball 43, a cage 44, and a shield plate 45. Grooves 51 and 52 for fitting the outer rings 42 of the respective rolling bearings 4A and 4B are formed at both axial ends of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 5.
- the gas sensor 1, the wireless transmission device 2, and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are installed at a position where the outer ring 42 of the rolling bearing 4 ⁇ / b> A is fixed in the axial direction of the cylindrical body 5.
- the gas sensor 1, the wireless transmission device 2, and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are installed at different positions in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 5.
- the gas sensor 1 and the wireless transmission device 2 are connected by a wiring 60, and the wireless transmission device 2 and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are connected by a wiring 70.
- the display device 20 is installed at a position away from the cylindrical body 5.
- the gas sensor 1 for example, a micro gas sensor array manufactured by MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology can be used.
- An example of the micro gas sensor array is shown in FIG.
- the micro gas sensor array of FIG. 5 has four channels 11 to 14 in seven rows. The number of columns can be set arbitrarily. Detection sensitivity can be improved by increasing the number of columns.
- the first channel 11 is a channel that selectively detects n-hexanal and n-heptanal.
- the second channel 12 is a channel that selectively detects hydrocarbons.
- the third channel 13 is a channel that selectively detects water.
- the fourth channel 14 is a channel that selectively detects oxygen.
- a crystal resonator sensor can be used as each sensor constituting the micro gas sensor array.
- a film made of, for example, polyethylene glycol 2000 is formed on the surface of the vibrator.
- a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) film is formed on the surface of the vibrator.
- a PEDOT / PSS poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly (styrenesulfonate): polythiophene-based conductive polymer
- a tin oxide (SnO 2 ) film is formed on the surface of the vibrator.
- Each film can be formed by spin coating or sputtering, and the film thickness is preferably 50 nm, for example.
- the wireless transmission device 2 for example, a device having a circuit board 21 can be used.
- the circuit board 21 includes a signal processing circuit 211, a transmission circuit 212, an antenna 213, a charging circuit 214, and a secondary battery 215.
- the power supply line 22 on the input side of the wireless transmission device 2 is connected to the thermoelectric conversion element 3 by a wiring 70.
- the power supply line 23 on the output side and the signal processing line 24 on the input side of the wireless transmission device 2 are connected to the gas sensor 1 by a wiring 60.
- thermoelectric conversion element 3 As the thermoelectric conversion element 3, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, an element having a flexible substrate 32 and a plurality of thermoelectric conversion units 310 composed of printed patterns formed on the substrate 32 can be used.
- the cross-sectional shape of the unit forming portion 321 in which the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 of the substrate 32 is formed includes a convex portion 3211, a first low surface portion 3212, and a second low surface portion 3213.
- the first low surface portion 3212 and the second low surface portion 3213 are lower than the convex portions on both sides of the convex portion 3211 and have the same height as the non-formed portion 322 where the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 is not formed.
- the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 includes a first layer 331 extending from the first low surface portion 3212 of the unit forming portion 321 to the top portion 3211 a of the convex portion 3211, and the second low surface portion from the top portion 3211 a. It has a second layer 332 leading to 3213.
- the unit forming portion 321 is separated from the non-forming portion 322A (see FIG. 7) on the back side of the paper surface (shown below the convex portion 3211) in FIG. 6 over the entire range of the convex portion 3211.
- the first layer 331 is made of a p-type conductive polymer (thermoelectric conversion material), and the second layer 332 is made of a hardened silver paste (conductive material).
- thermoelectric conversion element 3 one having 100 thermoelectric conversion units 310 shown in FIG. 6 in a matrix of 10 columns and 10 rows can be used. In that case, these thermoelectric conversion units 310 are connected in series. In FIG. 7, for the sake of simplicity, the thermoelectric conversion elements 3 in which 14 thermoelectric conversion units 310 are formed on the substrate 32 in two columns and seven rows are shown.
- FIG. 6 is a view corresponding to the AA cross section of FIG.
- thermoelectric conversion units 310 are connected to the first low surface portion 3212 and the second low surface portion 3213 via the first layer 331 and the second layer 332.
- the lower wiring 341 is formed.
- a wiring 342 is formed. Further, both ends of the serial connection exist at one edge of the substrate 32, and a connection terminal 343 with the outside is formed at each position.
- the low part 331a which is a part on the first low surface part 3212 of the first layer 331 and the low part 332a which is a part on the second low surface part 3213 of the second layer 332 are provided.
- the heights 331b and 332b which are portions on the top portion 3211a, have a height difference equal to or greater than the thickness of the first layer 331 and the second layer 332.
- the substrate 32 of the thermoelectric conversion element 3 is fixed to the cylindrical body 5, and the pair of connection terminals 343 of the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are connected to the power supply line 22 of the wireless transmission device 2 via the wiring 70.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 310 constituting the thermoelectric conversion element 3 is interposed between the low portions 331 a and 332 a and the high portions 331 b and 332 b. A temperature difference occurs.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 3 generates power, and a signal of the current generated by this power generation enters the charging circuit 214 of the circuit board 21 from the power supply line 22 and is charged to the secondary battery 215.
- the current of the secondary battery 215 drives the signal processing circuit 211 and the transmission circuit 212 and is supplied to the gas sensor 1 through the power line 23. Accordingly, the wireless transmission device 2 processes the detection data input from the gas sensor 1 with the signal processing circuit 211 and the transmission circuit 212 and radiates the detected data from the antenna 213 as radio waves.
- the display device 20 receives the detection data radiated from the antenna 213 of the wireless transmission device 2 as a radio wave, and displays the detection result.
- FIG. 8 shows a virtual example created for explaining the determination method using the sensor array.
- the peak of the first channel (n-hexanal and n-heptanal) 11 and the peak of the second channel (hydrocarbon) 12 are seen at the beginning of rotation will be described.
- this peak is considered to be a peak generated in the process in which the lubricant spreads throughout the bearing and becomes familiar at the beginning of rotation.
- exhaust gas such as a gasoline vehicle passing near the test machine enters the sensor mounting position, and oxygen, water, hydrocarbons, and n-hexanal and / or n-heptanal contained in the exhaust gas. Can be determined to be detected.
- ⁇ Effect of lubricant deterioration detection device In the lubricant deterioration detection device described in Patent Document 1, a gas sensor that detects at least one gas of hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia is used. However, in the lubricant deterioration detection device of this embodiment, A gas sensor 1 comprising a highly sensitive micro gas sensor array produced by MEMS technology and having a plurality of channels including n-hexanal and n-heptanal detection channels (first channel 11) can be used.
- Hydrocarbon detection indicates evaporation of low molecular weight material with increasing lubricant temperature, but does not directly indicate deterioration of the lubricant. Therefore, according to the lubricant deterioration detection device of this embodiment, it can be expected that the accuracy of determination of lubricant deterioration is higher than that of the lubricant deterioration detection device described in Patent Document 1. Further, when the lubricant deterioration detection device described in Patent Document 1 is attached to the rolling bearing, an opening is provided in the disc part of the shield plate, and a detection part including a gas sensor is attached to the opening. This detection unit and the device main body (display device) are connected by wiring.
- the gas sensor 1, the wireless transmission device 2, and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 5, and the detection result is connected to the gas sensor 1 by wiring. Not displayed on the display device 20. That is, according to the lubricant deterioration detection device of this embodiment, the rolling bearing 4 is not damaged, and the wiring does not extend from the rolling bearing 4 to the display device 20. Further, deterioration of the lubricant can be constantly monitored by the display device 20 installed at a position away from the rolling bearing 4.
- thermoelectric conversion element 3 The manufacturing method of the thermoelectric conversion element 3 is demonstrated using the thermoelectric conversion element which has 2 columns 7 rows and 14 thermoelectric conversion units 310.
- FIG. The thermoelectric conversion element 3 includes a slit forming step shown in FIG. 9, a pre-step of the first printing step shown in FIG. 10, a post-step of the first printing step shown in FIG. 11, and a second printing step shown in FIG.
- the convex portion forming step from the state of FIG. 12 to the state of FIG. 6 is performed in this order.
- the slits 325 are formed with the same length as the interval between the lower wirings 341 forming a pair in the thermoelectric conversion unit 310. That is, the slit 325 is formed over the entire range where the convex portion 3211 of the substrate 32 is formed.
- one first layer 331 is formed in one thermoelectric conversion unit 310 with a width between two adjacent slits 325 in each row.
- the adjacent first layers 331 are arranged at positions opposite to each other in the length direction of the slits 325 in and between the rows of the 14 rows of the thermoelectric conversion units 310. Further, the end of the first layer 331 in the direction along the slit 325 protrudes outside the slit 325.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 310 As a subsequent process of the first printing process, as shown in FIG. 11, one second layer 332 is formed in one thermoelectric conversion unit 310 with a width between two adjacent slits 325 in each row. .
- the second layer 332 is formed in the contact state next to the first layer 331 and has the same thickness as the first layer 331.
- thermoelectric conversion patterns including all the first layers 331 and the second layers 332 constituting the two rows and 14 thermoelectric conversion units 310 are formed on the substrate 32.
- the portion of the substrate 32 where the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 exist is a unit forming portion, and the other portion is a non-forming portion.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 310 is formed in a flat plate shape on a flat plate substrate 32 as shown in FIG.
- a convex portion forming step a male portion corresponding to the convex portion 3211 in FIG. 6 is provided on the back surface (the surface where the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 is not formed) of the portion where the slit 325 of the substrate 32 is formed. Press the mold and pressurize.
- the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 and the portion of the substrate 32 where the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 are formed are stretched and deformed to form the convex portion 3211.
- the convex part 3211 is formed in all the thermoelectric conversion units 310 at once by using the metal mold
- thermoelectric conversion elements 3 manufactured in this way are, in all the thermoelectric conversion units 310, the low portion 331a that is the portion on the first low surface portion 3212 of the first layer 331 and the second low surface portion 3213 of the second layer 332. More than the thickness of the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 between the lower part 332a which is the upper part and the higher parts 331b and 332b which are parts on the top part 3211a of the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 There is a difference in height.
- thermoelectric conversion element 3 is placed on a flat heating element (for example, a hot plate) while holding the non-forming portion 322 of the substrate 32 horizontally, and the lower portion of the first layer 331 is interposed via the substrate 32. Even when the 331a and the lower portion 332a of the second layer 332 are heated and used, high power generation performance can be obtained. In addition, the substrate 32 on which the printed pattern is formed can be stably installed on the heating element.
- a flat heating element for example, a hot plate
- the lower space K of all the convex portions 3211 is connected for each row of the thermoelectric conversion units 310, It becomes the air flow path. Therefore, when the substrate 32 is heated, if the top portion 3211a is cooled by circulating the air through the flow path formed by the lower space K, the space between the low portions 331a and 332a and the high portions 331b and 332b of the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 is reduced. A larger temperature difference can be generated.
- the material for the membrane that selectively adsorbs at least one of n-hexanal and n-heptanal include polynaphthylamine, high-density polyethylene, EVOH (ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer), dinitrophenylhydrazine in addition to the above-described polyethylene glycol. , Polyethylene glycol modified with nitroterephthalic acid, polyethyleneimine, and ABS resin.
- the film formed on the surface of the quartz crystal sensor is a polynaphthylamine film and the case where the film is a polyethylene glycol film, it is better to use a polyethylene glycol film than a polynaphthylamine film.
- the detection sensitivity of n-hexanal and n-heptanal is increased. Therefore, it is preferable to use a polyethylene glycol film.
- ⁇ Sensors that selectively detect low molecular weight carbonyl compounds As a membrane that selectively adsorbs low molecular weight carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, n-hexanal, n-heptanal, formic acid, and acetic acid, polynaphthylamine, high density polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, Examples include EVOH (ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer), dinitrophenylhydrazine, polyethylene glycol modified with nitroterephthalic acid, polyethyleneimine, and ABS resin.
- low molecular weight carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, n-hexanal, n-heptanal, formic acid, and acetic acid, polynaphthylamine, high density polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, Examples include
- a selective adsorption film for each carbonyl compound is formed on a QCM (Quartz Crystal Microblance) sensor, strain sensor, pressure sensor, etc. by a method using molecular template technology, a sensor with higher selectivity can be obtained. Can do.
- a selective adsorption film of acetic acid was fabricated by molecular template technology, and the performance of the sensor was verified.
- a polymer thin film that selectively adsorbs acetic acid was formed on a QCM (Quartz Crystal Microblance) sensor by the following method.
- the liquid film was hardened by irradiating the liquid film on the blank formed by this dripping with an accumulated light amount of 4200 mJ.
- the cured film was washed with water, warm water, and distilled water to elute acetic acid from the film and then dried. As a result, a polymer thin film having an acetic acid template was formed on the QCM sensor.
- the QCM sensor having an acetic acid selective membrane thus obtained was attached to a QCM measuring apparatus “NAPICOS twin sensor system” manufactured by Nippon Denpa Kogyo Co., Ltd., and 1 ppm equivalent of acetic acid (AcOH), n-heptanal ( C 6 CHO), n-heptanol (C 7 OH), n- heptane (C 7 H 16), and a gas containing toluene (Tol), respectively, in contact with this order, to determine the relative detected intensity. Thereafter, the influence of moisture was removed. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
- the QCM sensor having this acetic acid selective membrane is attached to a QCM measuring apparatus “NAPICOS twin sensor system”, and brought into contact with a gas generated from poly- ⁇ -olefin oligomer oil that has been heat-degraded at 120 ° C. for 1500 hours. The detection intensity of was measured. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, it can be seen that by using this QCM sensor, acetic acid is detected from the odor component of the thermally deteriorated oil, and deterioration of the lubricant can be confirmed.
- acetic acid concentration was 500 ppb. At this concentration, acetic acid can be detected even if it is some distance away from the lubrication position of the machine lubricated by the lubricant, so this QCM sensor is considered to have a practical acetic acid detection capability.
- a selective adsorption membrane for carbonyl compounds other than acetic acid can also be prepared by carrying out the above-described method using each carbonyl compound instead of acetic acid.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device includes a gas sensor that detects a carbonyl compound.
- the carbonyl compound to be detected is preferably at least one of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, n-hexanal, n-heptanal, formic acid, and acetic acid.
- the gas sensor preferably has a plurality of channels including a channel for selectively detecting a carbonyl compound.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device includes a wireless transmission device that wirelessly transmits a detection result by a gas sensor to a reception device, and a self-supporting power source that includes a thermoelectric conversion element and supplies power to the gas sensor and the wireless transmission device.
- the thermoelectric conversion element constituting the self-sustained power source preferably has the following configurations (a) to (d) or (a) to (e).
- thermoelectric conversion unit (a) having a substrate and a plurality of thermoelectric conversion units formed on the substrate.
- the cross-sectional shape of the unit forming portion in which the thermoelectric conversion unit of the substrate is formed includes a convex portion and a first low surface portion and a second low surface portion that are lower than the convex portions on both sides of the convex portion.
- the non-formation part in which the said thermoelectric conversion unit is not formed exists in the position lower than the top part of the said convex part.
- the thermoelectric conversion unit has a first layer from the first low surface portion of the unit forming portion to the top of the convex portion, and a second layer from the top to the second low surface portion.
- At least one of the first layer and the second layer is made of a thermoelectric conversion material.
- the first layer and the second layer are made of the same material or different materials.
- the plurality of thermoelectric conversion units are connected in series.
- a lower wiring that connects the first layer and the second layer of the adjacent thermoelectric conversion units is formed on the first low surface portion and the second low surface portion.
- an upper wiring that connects the first layer and the second layer in the thermoelectric conversion unit is formed at the top. Connection terminals to the outside are provided at both ends of the series connection.
- the unit forming portion is separated from the non-forming portion within the range of the convex portion.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device described in Patent Document 1 includes a gas sensor that detects at least one of hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia gas present in a bearing.
- a gas sensor that detects at least one of hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia gas present in a bearing.
- the main components of the odor component were n-hexanal and n-heptanal.
- the concentration was found to be several tens of ppm.
- FIG. 15 is a chart showing the results of gas chromatograph analysis. Further, it was confirmed that peak 1 in FIG. 15 was n-hexanal and peak 2 was n-heptanal.
- the inner diameter was 50 mm
- the outer diameter was 110 mm
- the width was 27 mm
- a deep groove ball bearing with a non-contact seal was used for inner ring rotation, grease lubrication, rotation speed: 10000 rpm, and axial load 98 N. Then, it was performed by continuously rotating until seizure occurred.
- the grease a commercially available grease in which the thickener is lithium soap and the base oil is mineral oil was used.
- n-hexanal and n-heptanal are components that show signs of lubricant deterioration.
- n-hexanal and n-heptanal have a boiling point of 130 ° C. for n-hexanal and 152 ° C. for n-heptanal, and are easily collected because they are highly volatile components in the odor components of deteriorated grease. .
- the gas sensor can be easily attached to and detached from the detection unit (a film formed on the surface of the vibrator in the case of a quartz vibrator sensor) and hardly remains, so that the response of the gas sensor is improved.
- the deterioration of the lubricant can be achieved.
- the accuracy of judgment could be improved.
- the hydrogen sulfide and ammonia that are to be detected by the lubricant deterioration detection device of Patent Document 1 are gases derived from additive components, and are not used for all lubricants.
- the rolling bearing becomes hot hydrocarbons are generated even when the lubricant is not deteriorated. Therefore, using a device that determines the deterioration of the lubricant by detecting hydrocarbons is likely to cause a misdiagnosis.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of this embodiment includes a gas sensor 1, a wireless transmission device 2, a display device (reception device) 20, and a thermoelectric conversion element 3.
- the gas sensor 1, the wireless transmission device 2, and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 5.
- the cylindrical body 5 is a bearing housing in which an outer ring of a rolling bearing is fitted. Two identical rolling bearings 4 are attached to the cylindrical body 5.
- the rolling bearing 4 (4A, 4B) is a sealed deep groove ball bearing including an inner ring 41, an outer ring 42, a ball 43, a cage 44, and a shield plate 45. Grooves 51 and 52 for fitting the outer rings 42 of the respective rolling bearings 4A and 4B are formed at both axial ends of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 5.
- the gas sensor 1, the wireless transmission device 2, and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are installed at a position where the outer ring 42 of the rolling bearing 4 ⁇ / b> A is fixed in the axial direction of the cylindrical body 5.
- the gas sensor 1, the wireless transmission device 2, and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are installed at different positions in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 5.
- the gas sensor 1 and the wireless transmission device 2 are connected by a wiring 60, and the wireless transmission device 2 and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are connected by a wiring 70.
- the display device 20 is installed at a position away from the cylindrical body 5.
- the gas sensor 1 for example, a micro gas sensor array manufactured by MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology can be used.
- An example of the micro gas sensor array is shown in FIG.
- the micro gas sensor array of FIG. 17 has four channels 11 to 14 in seven rows. The number of columns can be set arbitrarily. Detection sensitivity can be improved by increasing the number of columns.
- the first channel 11 is a channel that selectively detects n-hexanal and n-heptanal.
- the second channel 12 is a channel that selectively detects hydrocarbons.
- the third channel 13 is a channel that selectively detects water.
- the fourth channel 14 is a channel that selectively detects oxygen.
- a crystal resonator sensor can be used as each sensor constituting the micro gas sensor array.
- a film made of, for example, polyethylene glycol 2000 is formed on the surface of the vibrator.
- a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) film is formed on the surface of the vibrator.
- a PEDOT / PSS poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly (styrenesulfonate): polythiophene-based conductive polymer
- a tin oxide (SnO 2 ) film is formed on the surface of the vibrator.
- Each film can be formed by spin coating or sputtering, and the film thickness is preferably 50 nm, for example.
- the wireless transmission device 2 for example, a device having a circuit board 21 can be used.
- the circuit board 21 includes a signal processing circuit 211, a transmission circuit 212, an antenna 213, a charging circuit 214, and a secondary battery 215.
- the power supply line 22 on the input side of the wireless transmission device 2 is connected to the thermoelectric conversion element 3 by a wiring 70.
- the power supply line 23 on the output side and the signal processing line 24 on the input side of the wireless transmission device 2 are connected to the gas sensor 1 by a wiring 60.
- thermoelectric conversion element 3 As the thermoelectric conversion element 3, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, an element having a flexible substrate 32 and a plurality of thermoelectric conversion units 310 composed of printed patterns formed on the substrate 32 can be used.
- the cross-sectional shape of the unit forming portion 321 in which the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 of the substrate 32 is formed includes a convex portion 3211, a first low surface portion 3212, and a second low surface portion 3213.
- the first low surface portion 3212 and the second low surface portion 3213 are lower than the convex portions on both sides of the convex portion 3211 and have the same height as the non-formed portion 322 where the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 is not formed.
- the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 includes a first layer 331 extending from the first low surface portion 3212 of the unit forming portion 321 to the top portion 3211 a of the convex portion 3211, and the second low surface portion from the top portion 3211 a. It has a second layer 332 leading to 3213.
- the unit forming part 321 is separated from the non-forming part 322A (see FIG. 19) on the back side of the paper surface (shown below the convex part 3211) in FIG. 18 in the entire range of the convex part 3211.
- the first layer 331 is made of a p-type conductive polymer (thermoelectric conversion material), and the second layer 332 is made of a hardened silver paste (conductive material).
- thermoelectric conversion element 3 one having 100 thermoelectric conversion units 310 shown in FIG. 18 in a matrix of 10 columns and 10 rows can be used. In that case, these thermoelectric conversion units 310 are connected in series.
- FIG. 19 shows the thermoelectric conversion elements 3 in which the thermoelectric conversion units 310 are formed on the substrate 32 in two columns and seven rows.
- FIG. 18 is a view corresponding to the AA cross section of FIG.
- thermoelectric conversion units 310 are connected to the first low surface portion 3212 and the second low surface portion 3213 via the first layer 331 and the second layer 332.
- the lower wiring 341 is formed.
- a wiring 342 is formed. Further, both ends of the serial connection exist at one edge of the substrate 32, and a connection terminal 343 with the outside is formed at each position.
- the low part 331a which is a part on the first low surface part 3212 of the first layer 331 and the low part 332a which is a part on the second low surface part 3213 of the second layer 332 are provided.
- the heights 331b and 332b which are portions on the top portion 3211a, have a height difference equal to or greater than the thickness of the first layer 331 and the second layer 332.
- the substrate 32 of the thermoelectric conversion element 3 is fixed to the cylindrical body 5, and the pair of connection terminals 343 of the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are connected to the power supply line 22 of the wireless transmission device 2 via the wiring 70.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 310 constituting the thermoelectric conversion element 3 is interposed between the low portions 331 a and 332 a and the high portions 331 b and 332 b. A temperature difference occurs.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 3 generates power, and a signal of the current generated by this power generation enters the charging circuit 214 of the circuit board 21 from the power supply line 22 and is charged to the secondary battery 215.
- the current of the secondary battery 215 drives the signal processing circuit 211 and the transmission circuit 212 and is supplied to the gas sensor 1 through the power line 23. Accordingly, the wireless transmission device 2 processes the detection data input from the gas sensor 1 with the signal processing circuit 211 and the transmission circuit 212 and radiates the detected data from the antenna 213 as radio waves.
- the display device 20 receives the detection data radiated from the antenna 213 of the wireless transmission device 2 as a radio wave, and displays the detection result.
- exhaust gas such as a gasoline vehicle passing near the test machine enters the sensor mounting position, and oxygen, water, hydrocarbons, and n-hexanal and / or n-heptanal contained in the exhaust gas. Can be determined to be detected.
- ⁇ Effect of lubricant deterioration detection device In the lubricant deterioration detection device described in Patent Document 1, a gas sensor that detects at least one gas of hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia is used. However, in the lubricant deterioration detection device of this embodiment, A gas sensor 1 comprising a highly sensitive micro gas sensor array produced by MEMS technology and having a plurality of channels including n-hexanal and n-heptanal detection channels (first channel 11) can be used.
- Hydrocarbon detection indicates evaporation of low molecular weight material with increasing lubricant temperature, but does not directly indicate deterioration of the lubricant. Therefore, according to the lubricant deterioration detection device of this embodiment, it can be expected that the accuracy of determination of lubricant deterioration is higher than that of the lubricant deterioration detection device described in Patent Document 1. Further, when the lubricant deterioration detection device described in Patent Document 1 is attached to the rolling bearing, an opening is provided in the disc part of the shield plate, and a detection part including a gas sensor is attached to the opening. This detection unit and the device main body (display device) are connected by wiring.
- the gas sensor 1, the wireless transmission device 2, and the thermoelectric conversion element 3 are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 5, and the detection result is connected to the gas sensor 1 by wiring. Not displayed on the display device 20.
- the rolling bearing 4 is not damaged, and the wiring does not extend from the rolling bearing 4 to the display device 20. Further, deterioration of the lubricant can be constantly monitored by the display device 20 installed at a position away from the rolling bearing 4.
- the film formed on the surface of the quartz crystal sensor is a polynaphthylamine film and the case where the film is a polyethylene glycol film, it is better to use a polyethylene glycol film than a polynaphthylamine film.
- the detection sensitivity of n-hexanal and n-heptanal is increased. Therefore, it is preferable to use a polyethylene glycol film.
- thermoelectric conversion element 3 The manufacturing method of the thermoelectric conversion element 3 is demonstrated using the thermoelectric conversion element which has 2 columns 7 rows and 14 thermoelectric conversion units 310.
- FIG. The thermoelectric conversion element 3 includes a slit forming step shown in FIG. 21, a pre-step of the first printing step shown in FIG. 22, a post-step of the first printing step shown in FIG. 23, and a second printing step shown in FIG. 24, the convex portion forming step from the state of FIG. 24 to the state of FIG. 18 is performed in this order.
- the slits 325 are formed with the same length as the interval between the lower wirings 341 forming a pair in the thermoelectric conversion unit 310. That is, the slit 325 is formed over the entire range where the convex portion 3211 of the substrate 32 is formed.
- one first layer 331 is formed in one thermoelectric conversion unit 310 with a width between two adjacent slits 325 in each row.
- the adjacent first layers 331 are arranged at positions opposite to each other in the length direction of the slits 325 in and between the rows of the 14 rows of the thermoelectric conversion units 310. Further, the end of the first layer 331 in the direction along the slit 325 protrudes outside the slit 325.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 310 As a subsequent process of the first printing process, as shown in FIG. 23, one second layer 332 is formed in one thermoelectric conversion unit 310 with a width between two adjacent slits 325 in each row. .
- the second layer 332 is formed in the contact state next to the first layer 331 and has the same thickness as the first layer 331.
- thermoelectric conversion patterns including all the first layers 331 and the second layers 332 constituting the two rows and 14 thermoelectric conversion units 310 are formed on the substrate 32.
- the portion of the substrate 32 where the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 exist is a unit forming portion, and the other portion is a non-forming portion.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 310 is formed in a flat plate shape on a flat plate substrate 32 as shown in FIG.
- a convex portion forming step a male portion corresponding to the convex portion 3211 of FIG. 18 is provided on the back surface (the surface where the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 is not formed) of the portion where the slit 325 of the substrate 32 is formed. Press the mold and pressurize.
- the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 and the portion of the substrate 32 where the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 are formed are stretched and deformed to form the convex portion 3211.
- the convex part 3211 is formed in all the thermoelectric conversion units 310 at once by using the metal mold
- thermoelectric conversion elements 3 manufactured in this way are, in all the thermoelectric conversion units 310, the low portion 331a that is the portion on the first low surface portion 3212 of the first layer 331 and the second low surface portion 3213 of the second layer 332. More than the thickness of the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 between the lower part 332a which is the upper part and the higher parts 331b and 332b which are parts on the top part 3211a of the first layer 331 and the second layer 332 There is a difference in height.
- thermoelectric conversion element 3 is placed on a flat heating element (for example, a hot plate) while holding the non-forming portion 322 of the substrate 32 horizontally, and the lower portion of the first layer 331 is interposed via the substrate 32. Even when the 331a and the lower portion 332a of the second layer 332 are heated and used, high power generation performance can be obtained. In addition, the substrate 32 on which the printed pattern is formed can be stably installed on the heating element.
- a flat heating element for example, a hot plate
- the lower space K of all the convex portions 3211 is connected for each row of the thermoelectric conversion units 310, It becomes the air flow path. Therefore, when the substrate 32 is heated, if the top portion 3211a is cooled by circulating the air through the flow path formed by the lower space K, the space between the low portions 331a and 332a and the high portions 331b and 332b of the thermoelectric conversion unit 310 is reduced. A larger temperature difference can be generated.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device includes a gas sensor that detects at least one of n-hexanal and n-heptanal.
- the gas sensor preferably has a plurality of channels including a channel that selectively detects at least one of n-hexanal and n-heptanal.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device includes a wireless transmission device that wirelessly transmits a detection result by a gas sensor to a reception device, and a self-supporting power source that includes a thermoelectric conversion element and supplies power to the gas sensor and the wireless transmission device.
- the thermoelectric conversion element constituting the self-sustained power source preferably has the following configurations (a) to (d) or (a) to (e).
- thermoelectric conversion unit (a) having a substrate and a plurality of thermoelectric conversion units formed on the substrate.
- the cross-sectional shape of the unit forming portion in which the thermoelectric conversion unit of the substrate is formed includes a convex portion and a first low surface portion and a second low surface portion that are lower than the convex portions on both sides of the convex portion.
- the non-formation part in which the said thermoelectric conversion unit is not formed exists in the position lower than the top part of the said convex part.
- the thermoelectric conversion unit has a first layer from the first low surface portion of the unit forming portion to the top of the convex portion, and a second layer from the top to the second low surface portion.
- At least one of the first layer and the second layer is made of a thermoelectric conversion material.
- the first layer and the second layer are made of the same material or different materials.
- the plurality of thermoelectric conversion units are connected in series.
- a lower wiring that connects the first layer and the second layer of the adjacent thermoelectric conversion units is formed on the first low surface portion and the second low surface portion.
- an upper wiring that connects the first layer and the second layer in the thermoelectric conversion unit is formed at the top. Connection terminals to the outside are provided at both ends of the series connection.
- the unit forming portion is separated from the non-forming portion within the range of the convex portion.
- the amount of carbonyl compounds (aldehyde and ketone) contained in the gas in the rolling bearing does not deteriorate the lubricant regardless of the operating condition of the rolling bearing. It showed a value close to 0 before the occurrence, and after a gentle rise just before the occurrence of seizure by the lubricant, it was found that the rise was abrupt.
- a lubricant deterioration detection device equipped with a gas sensor that selectively detects carbonyl compounds is more suitable than a lubricant deterioration detection device equipped with a gas sensor that detects hydrocarbons.
- the present inventors have conceived that the deterioration state can be determined with high accuracy, and have come to the present invention.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of this embodiment includes a gas sensor 1, a filter 201, gas introduction pipes 301 and 401, and a suction pump 50.
- the gas inlet tube 301 connects the gas inlet of the gas sensor 1 and the gas outlet of the filter 201.
- One end of the gas introduction pipe 401 is a gas introduction part 410 of the lubricant deterioration detection device, and the other end is connected to the gas introduction port of the filter 201.
- the gas introduction pipe 401 is composed of three straight pipes and two elbow pipes, and the elbow pipe 402 extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the gas introduction section 410 extends.
- the elbow tube 403 extends in the same direction as the direction in which the gas introduction portion 410 extends.
- the suction pump 50 is connected to a portion between the elbow pipes 402 and 403 of the gas introduction pipe 401.
- the gas introduction tube 401 is composed of two straight tubes and one elbow tube, and the elbow tube 404 extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the gas introduction unit 410 extends.
- the suction pump 50 is connected to a portion of the gas introduction pipe 401 between the elbow pipe 404 and the filter 201.
- the gas sensor 1 is a constant potential electrolytic sensor that detects only an aldehyde (carbonyl compound).
- the gas sensor 1 includes a display device that displays the aldehyde concentration in real time.
- a ceramic filter for removing oil mist was provided.
- the device to which the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 is attached has two identical rolling bearings 6, a cylindrical portion 7, and disk-like portions 8 and 8 ⁇ / b> A having a center hole 81.
- the cylindrical portion 7 is a bearing housing in which an outer ring of a rolling bearing is fitted.
- the cylindrical part 7 and the disk-like parts 8 and 8A constitute a housing that accommodates two rolling bearings 6 in a rotatable manner.
- the cylindrical portion 7 and the two identical disk-shaped portions 8 constitute a casing in which the two rolling bearings 6 are rotatably housed.
- the two rolling bearings 6 are sealed deep groove ball bearings composed of an inner ring 61, an outer ring 62, a ball (rolling element) 63, a cage 64, and a shield plate (non-contact seal) 65, and are lubricated with a lubricant. ing.
- Grooves 71 and 72 for fitting the outer rings 62 of the two rolling bearings 6 are formed at both axial ends of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 7.
- the disc-shaped portion 8A used in the example of FIG. 25 has a through hole 82 penetrating in the axial direction at a position facing the shield plate 65.
- the cylindrical portion 7A used in the example of FIG. 26 has a through hole 73 that penetrates in the direction perpendicular to the axis at the center in the axial direction.
- the two rolling bearings 6 are fixed to the cylindrical portion 7 at intervals in the axial direction by fitting the outer ring 62 into the grooves 71 and 72. Both ends in the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 7 are blocked by the disk-shaped portions 8 and 8A in the example of FIG. 25, and are blocked by the two disk-shaped portions 8 in the example of FIG.
- the rotary shaft 9 fitted to the inner rings 61 of the two rolling bearings 6 penetrates the center hole 81 and extends outside the disk-like portions 8 and 8A in the example of FIG. 25, and in the example of FIG. It extends to the outside of the disk-shaped part 8 and is connected to a rotating device (not shown).
- the gas introduction part 410 of the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 is inserted into the through hole 82 of the disk-like part 8A via the cylindrical rubber member 85, and the gas introduction part 410 and the through hole 82 are inserted.
- the gap is sealed with a rubber member 85.
- the gas introduction part 410 of the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 is inserted into the through hole 73 of the cylindrical part 7 ⁇ / b> A via the cylindrical rubber member 75, and the gap between the gas introduction part 410 and the through hole 73. Is sealed with a rubber member 75.
- Lubricant deterioration detection device 10 operates as follows. By operating the suction pump 50 simultaneously with the start of rotation of the rolling bearing 6, the gas in the space surrounded by the rolling bearing 6, the cylindrical portion 7, and the disk-like portion 8 (8 ⁇ / b> A) is sucked. The sucked gas enters the filter 201 through the gas introduction pipe 401, and after the oil mist is removed by the filter 201, enters the gas sensor 1 through the gas introduction pipe 301. The gas sensor 1 detects the aldehyde concentration. And the result is displayed.
- the aldehyde concentration of the gas sucked into the gas introduction pipe 401 of the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 shows a value close to 0 before the deterioration of the lubricant in the rolling bearing 6 occurs, and a slight seizure due to the lubricant occurs. After rising slowly before, it rises rapidly. Therefore, it can be detected that the lubricant inside the rolling bearing 6 has deteriorated at the timing when the aldehyde concentration detected by the gas sensor 1 starts to increase.
- the filter 201 is provided between the gas sensor 1 and the gas introduction unit 410. Further, as the filter 201, a filter for removing oil mist is provided. Instead of a filter that removes oil mist, a wet dust collector or an electrostatic oil mist removing device may be installed.
- filters that remove oil mist include paper filters, metal filters, ceramic filters, and CNP filters.
- a paper filter it is preferable to use a paper filter from the viewpoint of easy replacement.
- the paper filter it is preferable to use a paper filter capable of collecting oil mist particles having a mesh size of about 200 mesh and a particle diameter of 0.3 ⁇ m or more.
- a filter that removes odorous components other than aldehyde may be provided between the gas sensor 1 and the gas introduction unit 410.
- filters that remove odorous components other than aldehydes include photocatalytic filters and activated carbon filters.
- photocatalytic filters and activated carbon filters include photocatalytic filters and activated carbon filters.
- the adsorbent is preferably activated carbon and silica gel
- the photocatalyst is preferably titanium oxide and zinc oxide.
- the aldehyde may be measured by analyzing a difference between a gas that has passed through a filter that adsorbs an aldehyde such as a DNPH (dinitrophenylhydrazine) filter and a gas that has not passed through the filter.
- an aldehyde such as a DNPH (dinitrophenylhydrazine) filter
- Test 1> Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 27, a verification test was conducted to examine the effect of lubricant deterioration detection by the lubricant deterioration detection apparatus 10.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 27 is the example of FIG. 25, and replaces the elbow pipe 402 that connects the portion where the suction pump 50 of the gas introduction pipe 401 is attached and the gas introduction section 410 with the branch pipe 405, and the gas in the branch pipe 405.
- One end of the gas introduction pipe 104 constituting the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 of the comparative example is connected to the side opposite to the introduction pipe 401. Platinum was used as an electrode constituting the constant potential electrolytic sensor of the gas sensor 1.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 includes an odor sensor 101, a filter 102, gas introduction pipes 103 and 104, and a suction pump 105.
- the gas inlet tube 103 connects the gas inlet of the odor sensor 101 and the gas outlet of the filter 102.
- the other end of the gas introduction pipe 104 is connected to the gas introduction port of the filter 102.
- the suction pump 105 is connected to a portion of the gas introduction pipe 104 that is connected to the branch pipe 405.
- the odor sensor 101 is an indium oxide-based hot-wire sintered semiconductor sensor and can measure an odor index.
- As the filter 102 a filter that removes the same oil mist as the filter 201 was used.
- each rolling bearing 6 was lubricated with grease.
- the grease a commercially available grease in which the thickener is lithium soap (concentration No. 2) and the base oil is mineral oil (kinematic viscosity is 100 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C.) is used.
- the outer ring 62 of each rolling bearing 6 is fitted into the grooves 71 and 72 of the cylindrical portion 7, the rotating shaft 9 of the testing machine is fitted into the inner ring 61 of each rolling bearing 6, and the lubricant deterioration is detected in the disk-like portion 8A.
- the gas introduction part 410 of the apparatus 10 and 100 was attached and it was set as the state shown in FIG.
- the diameter of the through-hole 82 of the disk-shaped part 8A is 6.5 mm
- the outer diameter of the gas introduction tube 401 is 6 mm
- the inner diameter is 4 mm.
- a gap between the through hole 82 and the gas introduction tube 401 is sealed with a rubber member 85.
- the rotary shaft 9 was continuously rotated at a rotational speed of 10000 min ⁇ 1 with a radial load 98 N and an axial load 1470 N applied to each rolling bearing 6.
- the lubricant deterioration detection devices 10 and 100 are operated to continuously detect the aldehyde concentration by the gas sensor 1, measure the odor index by the odor sensor 101, and measure the outer ring temperature. It was.
- the results are shown graphically in FIG.
- the rotation of the rotating shaft 9 and the operation of the lubricant deterioration detection devices 10 and 100 were set to stop when an abnormal increase in the outer ring temperature was detected.
- FIG. 28A is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the outer ring temperature.
- the temperature of the outer ring rose after the start of the test, became substantially constant after about 10 hours, and reached a temperature exceeding 125 ° C. after 208 hours.
- FIG. 28 (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the odor index detected by the odor sensor 101.
- the odor index increased at a rate similar to the rate of temperature increase of the outer ring, and then became substantially constant at a value of around 5.0 at the same timing as the temperature of the outer ring became substantially constant. Thereafter, the odor index slightly increased after 165 hours and became constant at about 6.0, and then began to increase after 185 hours.
- FIG. 28 (c) is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the aldehyde concentration detected by the gas sensor 1.
- the aldehyde concentration is almost 0 from immediately after the start of the test until 180 hours elapses, gradually increases after 180 hours elapses, and rapidly increases after 206 hours immediately before an abnormal increase in the outer ring temperature is detected. Increased to. From the test results, the following can be understood.
- any of the lubricant deterioration detection devices 10 and 100 can detect the deterioration of the lubricant in advance.
- the aldehyde concentration shows a value close to 0 immediately after the start of the test and before the lubricant in the rolling bearing 6 is deteriorated, slightly before the seizure due to the lubricant occurs. After a moderate rise, it has risen sharply. Therefore, it can be detected that the lubricant inside the rolling bearing 6 has deteriorated at the timing when the aldehyde concentration detected by the gas sensor 1 starts to increase.
- the threshold value of the odor index is set to 7.0, for example, and it can be detected that the lubricant inside the rolling bearing 6 has deteriorated at the timing when the threshold value is reached. That is, in the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 of the comparative example, it is necessary to set a threshold value according to the use conditions in advance. Moreover, since the value of the odor index changes depending on the usage conditions of the rolling bearing, in the case of an apparatus having a plurality of rolling bearings, it is necessary to set a threshold value for each bearing, which is troublesome.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of the embodiment can determine the deterioration state of the lubricant with higher accuracy than the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 of the comparative example.
- ⁇ Test 2> A test was conducted in which the temperature of the grease was increased by heating the inside of the sealed space where the grease was placed, and the aldehyde concentration in the sealed space was detected. The same grease as used in Test 1 was used. The aldehyde concentration was detected using the gas sensor 1 and the filter 201 used in Test 1. Specifically, 20 mg of grease was thinly applied to the aluminum foil, and this aluminum foil was placed in a sealed space with a volume of 25 mL. Piping was attached to the side wall forming the sealed space, and the gas that passed through the filter 201 was detected by the gas sensor 1. As a result, as shown in FIG.
- ⁇ Monitoring of lubricant deterioration> Using the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of FIG. 26, the deterioration state of the lubricant in the rolling bearing was constantly measured.
- the two rolling bearings 6 those having dimensions of inner diameter: 70 mm, outer diameter: 110 mm, width: 20 mm, and balls 63 being steel balls were prepared.
- Each rolling bearing 6 was lubricated with grease.
- the grease a commercially available grease in which the thickener is barium complex soap (concentration No. 2) and the base oil is a mixed oil of mineral oil and ester oil (dynamic viscosity is 23 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C.). Using.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device of the modification shown in FIG. 31 is the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of FIG. 25, and includes an elbow tube 402 that connects the portion of the gas introduction tube 401 to which the suction pump 50 is attached and the gas introduction portion 410.
- a plurality of gas introduction portions 410 are connected to the flow path switching pipe 47.
- the plurality of gas introducing portions 410 are respectively inserted into through holes 73 (82) formed in separate cylindrical portions 7 (or disk-like portions 8A) via rubber members 75 (85), and the gas introducing portions 410 and The gap between the through holes 73 (82) is sealed.
- the concentration of aldehyde contained in the gas in the plurality of cylindrical portions (bearing housings) 7 can be detected by one gas sensor 1 by switching the flow path switching pipe 47.
- the lubricant deterioration of the rolling bearing fixed in the plurality of cylindrical portions (bearing housings) 7 can be evaluated with one lubricant deterioration detecting device. Therefore, as compared with the case where the lubricant deterioration detecting device is separately installed for a plurality of bearing housings, the installation space can be omitted and the filter exchange performed periodically can be performed for one filter 201. Maintenance becomes easy.
- the aldehyde concentration detected by the gas sensor 1 is almost 0 for a while from the start of rotation of the bearing, and exceeds 1.0 ppm for the first time after 195 hours. Therefore, according to the lubricant deterioration detection device shown in FIG. 7, the flow path switching pipe 47 is switched to all the gas introduction units 410 once or more in the elapsed time from 195 hours to 206 hours. With this setting, lubricant deterioration can be correctly determined.
- the same threshold value can be used for a plurality of bearings having different use conditions, it is possible to reduce time and effort required for setting the threshold value. As described above, 1.0 ppm is an example of the threshold value.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of this embodiment includes a gas sensor 1, a filter 201, gas introduction pipes 301 and 304, and a suction pump 50.
- the gas inlet tube 301 connects the gas inlet of the gas sensor 1 and the gas outlet of the filter 201.
- One end of the gas introduction tube 401 is a gas introduction portion 410 that becomes a connection portion with a case described later, and the other end is connected to a gas introduction port of the filter 201.
- the gas introduction pipe 401 is composed of three straight pipes and two elbow pipes, and the elbow pipe 402 extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the gas introduction section 410 extends.
- the elbow tube 403 extends in the same direction as the direction in which the gas introduction portion 410 extends.
- the suction pump 50 is connected to a portion between the elbow pipes 402 and 403 of the gas introduction pipe 401.
- the gas introduction tube 401 is composed of two straight tubes and one elbow tube, and the elbow tube 404 extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the gas introduction unit 410 extends.
- the suction pump 50 is connected to a portion of the gas introduction pipe 401 between the elbow pipe 404 and the filter 201.
- the gas sensor 1 is a constant potential electrolytic sensor that detects only an aldehyde (carbonyl compound).
- the gas sensor 1 includes a display device that displays the aldehyde concentration in real time.
- a ceramic filter (oil removing portion) for removing oil mist was provided.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 also has a housing that accommodates the two rolling bearings 6 in a rotatable manner.
- the casing is composed of a cylindrical portion 7 and disk-like portions 8 and 8A having a center hole 81, and in the example of FIG. The same disk-shaped part 8 is comprised.
- the two rolling bearings 6 are sealed deep groove ball bearings composed of an inner ring 61, an outer ring 62, a ball (rolling element) 63, a cage 64, and a shield plate (non-contact seal) 65, and are lubricated with a lubricant. ing. Grooves 71 and 72 for fitting the outer rings 62 of the two rolling bearings 6 are formed at both axial ends of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 7. 32 has a through hole 82 penetrating in the axial direction at a position facing the shield plate 65.
- the cylindrical portion 7A that constitutes the housing in the example of FIG. 33 has a through hole 73 that penetrates in the direction perpendicular to the axis at the central portion in the axial direction.
- the two rolling bearings 6 are fixed to the cylindrical portion 7 with a space in the axial direction by fitting the outer ring 62 into the grooves 71 and 72. Both ends in the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 7 are blocked by the disk-shaped portions 8 and 8A in the example of FIG. 32, and are blocked by the two disk-shaped portions 8 in the example of FIG.
- the rotary shaft 9 fitted to the inner rings 61 of the two rolling bearings 6 penetrates the center hole 81 and extends outside the disk-like portions 8 and 8A in the example of FIG. 32, and in the example of FIG. It extends to the outside of the disk-shaped part 8 and is connected to a rotating device (not shown).
- the gas introduction part 410 of the gas introduction pipe 401 is inserted into the through hole 82 of the disk-like part 8A via the cylindrical rubber member 85, and the gap between the gas introduction part 410 and the through hole 82 is inserted. Is sealed with a rubber member 85.
- the gas introduction part 410 of the gas introduction pipe 401 is inserted into the through hole 73 of the cylindrical part 7A via the cylindrical rubber member 75, and the gap between the gas introduction part 410 and the through hole 73 is rubber. It is sealed with a member 75.
- Lubricant deterioration detection device 10 operates as follows. By operating the suction pump 50 simultaneously with the start of rotation of the rolling bearing 6, the gas in the housing is sucked. The sucked gas enters the filter 201 through the gas introduction pipe 401, and after the oil mist is removed by the filter 201, enters the gas sensor 1 through the gas introduction pipe 301. The gas sensor 1 detects the aldehyde concentration. And the result is displayed.
- the aldehyde concentration of the gas sucked into the gas introduction pipe 401 of the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 shows a value close to 0 before the deterioration of the lubricant in the rolling bearing 6 occurs, and a little seizure due to the lubricant occurs. After rising slowly before, it rises rapidly. Therefore, it can be detected that the lubricant inside the rolling bearing 6 has deteriorated at the timing when the aldehyde concentration detected by the gas sensor 1 starts to increase.
- the gas sensor 1 is installed outside the casing in which the rolling bearing 6 is rotatably housed, and therefore vibrations generated during operation of the rolling bearing 6. It is not easily affected by heat or heat, and malfunctions and failures are unlikely to occur. Therefore, the deterioration state of the lubricant of the rolling bearing can be determined with higher accuracy than the lubricant deterioration detecting device in which the casing of the gas sensor is directly attached to the rolling bearing.
- the gas introduction port of the gas sensor 1 and the through holes 82 and 73 that are the gas outlet ports of the housing are not directly connected by the gas introduction pipe, but between them.
- a filter 201 is provided.
- the gas inlet of the gas sensor 1 and the gas outlet of the filter 201 are connected by a gas inlet tube 301, and the through holes 82 and 73 of the housing and the gas inlet of the filter 201 are connected by a gas inlet tube 401.
- a filter for removing oil mist is provided as the filter 201.
- the gas sensor 1 is not easily affected by oil mist generated during operation of the rolling bearing 6 and is less likely to malfunction or break down. Therefore, according to the lubricant deterioration detecting device 10 of this embodiment, the lubricant of the rolling bearing is more than the lubricant deterioration detecting device in which the gas inlet port of the gas sensor and the gas outlet port of the housing are directly connected by a pipe. Can be determined with high accuracy.
- a wet dust collector or an electrostatic oil mist removing device may be installed.
- the filter for removing oil mist include a paper filter, a metal filter, a ceramic filter, and a CNP filter.
- a paper filter it is preferable to use a paper filter from the viewpoint of easy replacement.
- the paper filter it is preferable to use a paper filter capable of collecting oil mist particles having a mesh size of about 200 mesh and a particle diameter of 0.3 ⁇ m or more.
- filters that remove odorous components other than aldehydes include photocatalytic filters and activated carbon filters.
- adsorbent is preferably activated carbon and silica gel
- the photocatalyst is preferably titanium oxide and zinc oxide.
- the aldehyde may be measured by analyzing a difference between a gas that has passed through a filter that adsorbs an aldehyde, such as a DNPH (dinitrophenylhydrazine) filter, and a gas that has not passed through the filter.
- a filter that adsorbs an aldehyde such as a DNPH (dinitrophenylhydrazine) filter
- FIG. 34 Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 34, a verification test was conducted to examine the effect of lubricant deterioration detection by the lubricant deterioration detection apparatus 10.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 34 is the example of FIG. 32, and replaces the elbow pipe 402 that connects the portion where the suction pump 50 of the gas introduction pipe 401 is attached and the gas introduction section 410 with the branch pipe 405, and the gas in the branch pipe 405.
- One end of the gas introduction pipe 104 constituting the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 of the comparative example is connected to the side opposite to the introduction pipe 401. Platinum was used as an electrode constituting the constant potential electrolytic sensor of the gas sensor 1.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 includes an odor sensor 101, a filter 102, gas introduction pipes 103 and 104, and a suction pump 105.
- the gas inlet tube 103 connects the gas inlet of the odor sensor 101 and the gas outlet of the filter 102.
- the other end of the gas introduction pipe 104 is connected to the gas introduction port of the filter 102.
- the suction pump 105 is connected to a portion of the gas introduction pipe 104 that is connected to the branch pipe 405.
- the odor sensor 101 is an indium oxide-based hot-wire sintered semiconductor sensor and can measure an odor index.
- As the filter 102 a filter that removes the same oil mist as the filter 201 was used.
- each rolling bearing 6 was lubricated with grease.
- the grease a commercially available grease in which the thickener is lithium soap (concentration No. 2) and the base oil is mineral oil (kinematic viscosity is 100 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C.) is used.
- the outer ring 62 of each rolling bearing 6 is fitted into the grooves 71 and 72 of the cylindrical portion 7, the rotating shaft 9 of the testing machine is fitted into the inner ring 61 of each rolling bearing 6, and the lubricant deterioration is detected in the disk-like portion 8A.
- the gas introduction part 410 of the apparatus 10 and 100 was attached and it was set as the state shown in FIG.
- the diameter of the through-hole 82 of the disk-shaped part 8A is 6.5 mm
- the outer diameter of the gas introduction tube 401 is 6 mm
- the inner diameter is 4 mm.
- a gap between the through hole 82 and the gas introduction tube 401 is sealed with a rubber member 85.
- the rotary shaft 9 was continuously rotated at a rotational speed of 10000 min ⁇ 1 with a radial load 98 N and an axial load 1470 N applied to each rolling bearing 6.
- the lubricant deterioration detection devices 10 and 100 are operated to continuously detect the aldehyde concentration by the gas sensor 1, measure the odor index by the odor sensor 101, and measure the outer ring temperature. It was.
- the results are shown graphically in FIG.
- the rotation of the rotating shaft 9 and the operation of the lubricant deterioration detection devices 10 and 100 were set to stop when an abnormal increase in the outer ring temperature was detected.
- FIG. 35 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the outer ring temperature.
- FIG. 35 (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the odor index detected by the odor sensor 101.
- the odor index increased at a rate similar to the temperature increase rate of the outer ring, and then became substantially constant at a value of around 5.0 at the same timing as the temperature of the outer ring became substantially constant. Thereafter, the odor index slightly increased after 165 hours and became constant at about 6.0, and then began to increase after 185 hours.
- FIG. 35 (c) is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the aldehyde concentration detected by the gas sensor 1.
- the aldehyde concentration is almost 0 from immediately after the start of the test until 180 hours elapses, gradually increases after 180 hours elapses, and rapidly increases after 206 hours immediately before an abnormal increase in the outer ring temperature is detected. Increased to. From the test results, the following can be understood.
- any of the lubricant deterioration detection devices 10 and 100 can detect the deterioration of the lubricant in advance.
- the aldehyde concentration shows a value close to 0 immediately after the start of the test and before the lubricant in the rolling bearing 6 is deteriorated, slightly before the seizure due to the lubricant occurs. After a moderate rise, it has risen sharply. Therefore, it can be detected that the lubricant inside the rolling bearing 6 has deteriorated at the timing when the aldehyde concentration detected by the gas sensor 1 starts to increase.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 of the comparative example after the odor index rises immediately after the start of the test, it shows a substantially constant value until the lubricant in the rolling bearing 6 is deteriorated, and seizure by the lubricant occurs. It has risen gently before a while. Therefore, the threshold value of the odor index is set to 7.0, for example, and it can be detected that the lubricant inside the rolling bearing 6 has deteriorated at the timing when the threshold value is reached. That is, the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 of the comparative example can detect in advance that the lubricant has deteriorated.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 of the comparative example it is necessary to set a threshold value according to the use conditions in advance. Moreover, since the value of the odor index changes depending on the usage conditions of the rolling bearing, in the case of an apparatus having a plurality of rolling bearings, it is necessary to set a threshold value for each bearing, which is troublesome.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of the embodiment it is necessary to set a threshold value in advance, and therefore the determination of lubricant deterioration may be erroneous due to a threshold setting error.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of the embodiment it is not necessary to set a threshold value for each use condition.
- An example of this threshold is 1.0 ppm from the graph of FIG. 4 (c). Therefore, the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of the embodiment can determine the deterioration state of the lubricant with higher accuracy than the lubricant deterioration detection device 100 of the comparative example.
- the lubricant deterioration detection device of the modification shown in FIG. 36 is the lubricant deterioration detection device 10 of FIG. 32, and includes an elbow tube 402 that connects the portion of the gas introduction tube 401 to which the suction pump 50 is attached and the gas introduction portion 410.
- a plurality of gas introduction portions 410 are connected to the flow path switching pipe 47.
- the plurality of gas introduction parts 410 are respectively inserted into through holes 73 (82) formed in separate housings (cylindrical part 7 or disk-like part 8A) via rubber members 75 (85), and the gas introduction parts A gap between 410 and the through hole 73 (82) is sealed.
- the aldehyde concentration contained in the gas in the plurality of casings can be detected by one gas sensor 1 by switching the flow path switching pipe 47. That is, it is possible to evaluate the lubricant deterioration of the rolling bearings rotatably accommodated in a plurality of cases with a single lubricant deterioration detection device. Therefore, compared to the case where the lubricant deterioration detection device is separately installed for a plurality of housings, the installation space can be omitted, and the filter exchange performed periodically can be performed for one filter 201. Maintenance becomes easy.
- the aldehyde concentration detected by the gas sensor 1 is almost 0 for a while from the start of rotation of the bearing, and exceeds 1.0 ppm for the first time after 195 hours. Therefore, according to the lubricant deterioration detection device shown in FIG. 36, the flow path switching pipe 47 is switched to be connected to all the gas introduction units 410 at least once during the elapsed time of 195 hours to 206 hours. With this setting, lubricant deterioration can be correctly determined.
- the same threshold value can be used for a plurality of bearings having different use conditions, it is possible to reduce time and effort required for setting the threshold value. As described above, 1.0 ppm is an example of the threshold value.
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Abstract
Description
潤滑剤劣化の主要な原因としては、熱による分解や酸化反応による劣化(酸化劣化)が挙げられる。潤滑剤が劣化すると、酸の生成、潤滑剤成分の分解に伴う揮発性(低分子量)炭化水素の生成、カルボニル基(ケトン基およびアルデヒド基)等を有する化合物の生成、および潤滑膜の厚さ低下に伴う被潤滑部品の摩耗量の増加等が生じる。
従来は、稼動中の転動装置から定期的に潤滑剤を採取して、例えば以下に示す方法で潤滑剤の劣化状態を検査している。その方法とは、原子吸光分析法等で金属の定量を行うことで摩耗量を測定する方法、「ASTM D3242」に示される全酸価試験法により酸量を測定する方法、赤外分光分析法により1710cm-1付近のカルボニル基に起因する吸光度を測定する方法である。
しかしながら、定期的に潤滑剤を採取してその劣化状態を検査する方法では、検査と検査の間に急激に劣化が進んだ場合に異常の発生を防止することができない。そのため、転動装置内の潤滑剤の劣化度合いを常時監視できるようにすることが求められている。
また、赤外線分光光度計を用いた潤滑剤劣化検出装置では、配管内の潤滑油から直接、劣化により発生したカルボニル基の吸光度を正確に検出することは難しいし、潤滑剤がグリースの場合には使用できない。
この発明の課題は、転がり軸受の潤滑剤の劣化状態を高い正確性で判断できるようにすることである。
この発明の第二態様は、n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの少なくとも一方を検出するガスセンサを備えた潤滑剤劣化検出装置を提供する。
この発明の第三態様は、潤滑剤で潤滑されている転がり軸受の潤滑剤から発生したガス状のカルボニル化合物の量を、その場で検出することで、潤滑剤の劣化状態を評価する潤滑剤劣化状態評価方法を提供する。
第二態様の潤滑剤劣化検出装置は、潤滑剤の劣化の予兆を示す成分であるn-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの少なくとも一方を検出するガスセンサを備えているため、潤滑剤に劣化が生じていない場合でも発生する炭化水素の検出で潤滑剤の劣化を判断する装置よりも、潤滑剤劣化の判断の正確性が高くなる。
第四態様の潤滑剤劣化検出装置によれば、転がり軸受を回転可能に納める筐体の外部にガスセンサが設置されるため、ガスセンサが転がり軸受の運転時に発生する振動や熱の影響を受けにくい。よって、転がり軸受に直接ガスセンサの筐体を取りつけて使用する潤滑剤劣化検出装置よりも、転がり軸受の潤滑剤の劣化状態を高い正確性で判断することができる。
[発明者による考察]
特許文献1に記載された潤滑剤劣化検出装置は、軸受内に存在する炭化水素、硫化水素、およびアンモニアの少なくともいずれかの気体を検出するガスセンサを備えている。
しかし、この出願の発明者が、軸受用潤滑剤として使用される鉱油、ポリαオレフィンオリゴマー油、およびポリオールエステル油について、長時間加熱した熱劣化物から発生したガスを収集してガスクロマトグラフ質量分析計で分析したところ、臭い成分の主成分はカルボニル化合物であることが分かった。
図1は鉱油の分析結果を、図2はポリαオレフィンオリゴマー油の分析結果を、図3はポリオールエステル油の分析結果を、それぞれ示すチャートである。図1~図3のピーク1~8の化合物とその物性を表1にまとめた。
なお、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、プロパナール、ブタナール、ペンタナール、および蟻酸の分子量、沸点、および蒸気圧は、表2に示す通りである。
よって、転がり軸受内の潤滑剤が劣化した際に生じる臭いの主成分である、微小量のカルボニル化合物(ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、プロパナール、ブタナール、ペンタナール、n-ヘキサナール、n-ヘプタナール、蟻酸、および酢酸の少なくともいずれか)を高精度に検出できるガスセンサを用いることで、潤滑剤劣化の判断の正確性を高くすることができると考えた。
以下、この発明の第一態様の実施形態について説明するが、この発明は以下に示す実施形態に限定されない。以下に示す実施形態では、この発明を実施するために技術的に好ましい限定がなされているが、この限定はこの発明の必須要件ではない。
<潤滑剤劣化検出装置の構成>
図4に示すように、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置10は、ガスセンサ1と無線送信装置2と表示装置(受信装置)20と熱電変換素子3を有する。ガスセンサ1と無線送信装置2と熱電変換素子3は、円筒体5の外周面に固定されている。円筒体5は、転がり軸受の外輪が内嵌される軸受ハウジングである。円筒体5に、二つの同じ転がり軸受4が取り付けられている。
ガスセンサ1、無線送信装置2、および熱電変換素子3は、円筒体5の軸方向で転がり軸受4Aの外輪42が固定されている位置に設置されている。ガスセンサ1、無線送信装置2、および熱電変換素子3は、円筒体5の周方向で異なる位置に設置されている。ガスセンサ1と無線送信装置2は配線60で接続され、無線送信装置2と熱電変換素子3は配線70で接続されている。表示装置20は、円筒体5から離れた位置に設置されている。
第三のチャンネル13では、振動子表面に例えばPEDOT/PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate):ポリチオフェン系導電性高分子)膜を形成する。第四のチャンネル14では、振動子表面に例えば酸化錫(SnO2)膜を形成する。各膜はスピンコート法またはスパッタリング法により形成することができ、膜厚は例えば50nmとすることが好ましい。
また、その場合、第一層331と第二層332が異なる材料からなるため、凸部3211の頂部3211aの位置に、熱電変換単位310内の第一層331と第二層332を接続する上側配線342が形成される。さらに、基板32の一方の縁部に直列接続の両端が存在し、各位置に外部との接続端子343が形成される。
また、その場合、熱電変換素子3の基板32が円筒体5に固定され、熱電変換素子3の一対の接続端子343が、配線70を介して無線送信装置2の電源ライン22と接続される。
転がり軸受4の回転に伴って生じた熱により円筒体5が加熱されることで、熱電変換素子3を構成する各熱電変換単位310の低部331a,332aと高部331b,332bとの間に温度差が生じる。これに伴い熱電変換素子3が発電し、この発電で生じた電流の信号が、電源ライン22から回路基板21の充電回路214に入り、二次電池215に充電される。
これに伴い、無線送信装置2は、ガスセンサ1から入力された検出データを信号処理回路211、送信回路212で処理して、アンテナ213から電波として放射する。表示装置20は、無線送信装置2のアンテナ213から電波として放射された検出データを受信して、検出結果を表示する。
上記センサアレイを用いた判断方法の説明のために作成した仮想例を図8に示す。回転初期に、第一チャンネル(n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナール)11のピークと第二チャンネル(炭化水素)12のピークが見られる場合を説明する。その場合、このピークは、回転初期に潤滑剤が軸受内全体に行き渡って馴染む過程で生じたピークと考えられる。つまり、この時点では、潤滑剤が軸受内全体に行き渡る際に、潤滑剤が分解されて生じたn-ヘキサナールおよび/またはn-ヘプタナールと、温度上昇が生じて潤滑剤に含まれる低分子量物質が蒸発して生じた炭化水素が検出されたと判断できる。
また、さらにその後に、第一チャンネル11および第二チャンネル12のピークと、第三チャンネル13および第四チャンネル(酸素)14のピークが見られる場合を説明する。その場合、この時点では、試験機の近くを通過するガソリン車などの排気がセンサ取付位置に侵入し、排気に含まれていた酸素、水、炭化水素、およびn-ヘキサナールおよび/またはn-ヘプタナールを検出したと判断できる。
特許文献1に記載された潤滑剤劣化検出装置では、炭化水素、硫化水素、およびアンモニアの少なくともいずれかの気体を検出するガスセンサを使用しているが、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置では、MEMS技術により作製した高感度のマイクロガスセンサアレイからなり、n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの検出チャンネル(第一のチャンネル11)を含む複数のチャンネルを有するガスセンサ1を使用することができる。
よって、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置によれば、特許文献1に記載された潤滑剤劣化検出装置よりも潤滑剤劣化の判断の正確性が高くなることが期待できる。
また、特許文献1に記載された潤滑剤劣化検出装置を転がり軸受に取り付ける際には、シールド板の円板部に開口部を設け、この開口部にガスセンサを含む検出部を取り付けている。この検出部と装置本体(表示装置)が配線で接続されている。これに対して、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置は、ガスセンサ1と無線送信装置2と熱電変換素子3が円筒体5の外周面に固定され、検出結果はガスセンサ1と配線で接続されていない表示装置20に表示される。
つまり、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置によれば、転がり軸受4を傷つけることがないとともに、転がり軸受4から表示装置20に配線が延びることもない。また、転がり軸受4から離れた位置に設置された表示装置20で、潤滑剤の劣化を常時監視することができる。
熱電変換素子3の製造方法を、2列7行、14個の熱電変換単位310を有する熱電変換素子を用いて説明する。
熱電変換素子3は、図9に示すスリット形成工程と、図10に示す第一印刷工程の前段工程と、図11に示す第一印刷工程の後段工程と、図7に示す第二印刷工程と、図12の状態から図6の状態にする凸部形成工程と、をこの順に行うことで製造される。
この実施形態の熱電変換素子3の製造方法では、先ず、図9に示すように、基板32に、図7に示す14個の各熱電変換単位310に対応させた28本のスリット325を形成する。スリット325は、熱電変換単位310内で対をなす下側配線341の形成間隔と同じ長さで形成する。つまり、スリット325を基板32の凸部3211を形成する範囲全体に形成する。
このようにして、基板32上に、2列14個の熱電変換単位310を構成する全ての第一層331および第二層332からなる熱電変換パターンが形成される。図11の状態で、基板32の第一層331および第二層332が存在している部分が単位形成部であり、それ以外の部分が非形成部である。
次に、凸部形成工程として、基板32のスリット325が形成されている部分の裏面(熱電変換単位310が形成されていない面)に、図6の凸部3211に対応させた雄部を有する金型を押し当てて加圧する。これにより、第一層331および第二層332と、基板32の第一層331および第二層332が形成されている部分を延伸変形させて、凸部3211を形成する。その際に、全ての単位形成部321の凸部3211に対応させた雄部を有する金型を使用することで、一度に全ての熱電変換単位310に凸部3211を形成する。
<n-ヘキサナール、n-ヘプタナールを選択的に検出するセンサについて>
n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの少なくとも一方を選択的に吸着する膜の材質としては、上述したポリエチレングリコール以外に、ポリナフチルアミン、高密度ポリエチレン、EVOH(エチレン・ビニルアルコール共重合体)、ジニトロフェニルヒドラジン、ニトロテレフタル酸で修飾されたポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンイミン、およびABS樹脂等が挙げられる。
低分子量のカルボニル化合物であるホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、プロパナール、ブタナール、ペンタナール、n-ヘキサナール、n-ヘプタナール、蟻酸、および酢酸を選択的に吸着する膜としては、ポリナフチルアミン、高密度ポリエチレン、ポリエチレングリコール、EVOH(エチレン・ビニルアルコール共重合体)、ジニトロフェニルヒドラジン、ニトロテレフタル酸で修飾されたポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンイミン、およびABS樹脂等が挙げられる。
その一例として、酢酸の選択的吸着膜を分子鋳型技術により作製して、センサの性能を検証した。具体的には、以下の方法で、酢酸を選択的に吸着する高分子薄膜をQCM(Quartz Crystal Microblance)センサに形成した。
このようにして得られた酢酸選択性膜を有するQCMセンサを、日本電波工業(株)製のQCM測定装置「NAPICOSツインセンサシステム」に取り付けて、1ppm相当の酢酸(AcOH)、n-ヘプタナール(C6CHO)、n-ヘプタノール(C7OH)、n-ヘプタン(C7H16)、およびトルエン(Tol)をそれぞれ含む気体と、この順に接触させて、相対的な検出強度を測定した。その後、水分の影響を除去した。その結果を図13に示す。図13に示すように、酢酸を含む気体の場合は、このQCMセンサの膜に酢酸が吸着されることで発振周波数が大きく低下する現象が見られた。酢酸以外の化合物を含む気体では発振周波数の変化がほとんど見られず、酢酸以外の化合物はこのQCMセンサの膜に吸着されなかったことが分かる。
なお、酢酸以外のカルボニル化合物用の選択的吸着膜に関しても、酢酸の代わりに各カルボニル化合物を用いて上述の方法を実施することで作製できる。
この発明の第一態様の潤滑剤劣化検出装置は、カルボニル化合物を検出するガスセンサを備えている。検出するカルボニル化合物は、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、プロパナール、ブタナール、ペンタナール、n-ヘキサナール、n-ヘプタナール、蟻酸、および酢酸の少なくともいずれかであることが好ましい。ガスセンサは、カルボニル化合物を選択的に検出するチャンネルを含む複数のチャンネルを有するものであることが好ましい。
この発明の第一態様の潤滑剤劣化検出装置としては、ガスセンサによる検出結果を受信装置に無線で送信する無線送信装置と、熱電変換素子からなりガスセンサおよび無線送信装置に電力を供給する自立電源と、をさらに備えたものが挙げられる。
この自立電源をなす熱電変換素子としては、下記の構成(a)~(d)または(a)~(e)を有するものであることが好ましい。
(b)上記基板の上記熱電変換単位が形成されている単位形成部の断面形状は、凸部とその両脇の上記凸部より低い第一低面部および第二低面部からなり、上記基板の上記熱電変換単位が形成されていない非形成部は上記凸部の頂部より低い位置にある。
(c)上記熱電変換単位は、上記単位形成部の上記第一低面部から上記凸部の頂部に至る第一層と、上記頂部から第二低面部に至る第二層を有する。上記第一層および上記第二層の少なくともいずれかは熱電変換材料からなる。上記第一層および上記第二層は同じ材料または異なる材料からなる。上記複数の熱電変換単位は直列接続されている。
(d)上記第一低面部および上記第二低面部には、隣り合う上記熱電変換単位の上記第一層と上記第二層を接続する下側配線が形成されている。上記第一層および上記第二層が異なる材料からなる場合は、上記頂部に、上記熱電変換単位内の上記第一層と上記第二層を接続する上側配線が形成されている。上記直列接続の両端にそれぞれ外部との接続端子を有する。
(e)上記単位形成部は、上記凸部の範囲内で上記非形成部との間が切り離されている。
[発明者による考察]
特許文献1に記載された潤滑剤劣化検出装置は、軸受内に存在する炭化水素、硫化水素、およびアンモニアの少なくともいずれかの気体を検出するガスセンサを備えている。
しかし、この出願の発明者が、転がり軸受の回転試験を行い、焼き付き直前の転がり軸受から発生したガスを収集してガスクロマトグラフで分析したところ、臭い成分の主成分はn-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールであり、その濃度は数十ppmであることが分かった。図15はガスクロマトグラフの分析結果を示すチャートである。また、図15のピーク1がn-ヘキサナールであり、ピーク2がn-ヘプタナールであることを確認した。
また、n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールは、沸点がn-ヘキサナールで130℃、n-ヘプタナールで152℃であり、劣化グリースの臭い成分の中では揮発性が高い成分であるため、捕集し易い。また、揮発性が高いことから、ガスセンサの検出部(水晶振動子センサの場合は振動子表面に形成される膜)に対する着脱が速くて残留しにくいため、ガスセンサの応答性が良好になる。
なお、特許文献1の潤滑剤劣化検出装置で検出対象としている硫化水素およびアンモニアは、添加剤成分由来のガスであり、全ての潤滑剤に使用されているものではない。そして、炭化水素は、転がり軸受が高温になると、潤滑剤に劣化が生じていない場合でも発生するため、炭化水素の検出で潤滑剤の劣化を判断する装置を用いると、誤診断を起こしやすい。
以下、この発明の第二態様の実施形態について説明するが、この発明は以下に示す実施形態に限定されない。以下に示す実施形態では、この発明を実施するために技術的に好ましい限定がなされているが、この限定はこの発明の必須要件ではない。
<潤滑剤劣化検出装置の構成>
図16に示すように、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置10は、ガスセンサ1と無線送信装置2と表示装置(受信装置)20と熱電変換素子3を有する。ガスセンサ1と無線送信装置2と熱電変換素子3は、円筒体5の外周面に固定されている。円筒体5は、転がり軸受の外輪が内嵌される軸受ハウジングである。円筒体5に、二つの同じ転がり軸受4が取り付けられている。
ガスセンサ1、無線送信装置2、および熱電変換素子3は、円筒体5の軸方向で転がり軸受4Aの外輪42が固定されている位置に設置されている。ガスセンサ1、無線送信装置2、および熱電変換素子3は、円筒体5の周方向で異なる位置に設置されている。ガスセンサ1と無線送信装置2は配線60で接続され、無線送信装置2と熱電変換素子3は配線70で接続されている。表示装置20は、円筒体5から離れた位置に設置されている。
第三のチャンネル13では、振動子表面に例えばPEDOT/PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate):ポリチオフェン系導電性高分子)膜を形成する。第四のチャンネル14では、振動子表面に例えば酸化錫(SnO2)膜を形成する。各膜はスピンコート法またはスパッタリング法により形成することができ、膜厚は例えば50nmとすることが好ましい。
また、その場合、第一層331と第二層332が異なる材料からなるため、凸部3211の頂部3211aの位置に、熱電変換単位310内の第一層331と第二層332を接続する上側配線342が形成される。さらに、基板32の一方の縁部に直列接続の両端が存在し、各位置に外部との接続端子343が形成される。
また、その場合、熱電変換素子3の基板32が円筒体5に固定され、熱電変換素子3の一対の接続端子343が、配線70を介して無線送信装置2の電源ライン22と接続される。
転がり軸受4の回転に伴って生じた熱により円筒体5が加熱されることで、熱電変換素子3を構成する各熱電変換単位310の低部331a,332aと高部331b,332bとの間に温度差が生じる。これに伴い熱電変換素子3が発電し、この発電で生じた電流の信号が、電源ライン22から回路基板21の充電回路214に入り、二次電池215に充電される。
これに伴い、無線送信装置2は、ガスセンサ1から入力された検出データを信号処理回路211、送信回路212で処理して、アンテナ213から電波として放射する。表示装置20は、無線送信装置2のアンテナ213から電波として放射された検出データを受信して、検出結果を表示する。
上記センサアレイを用いた判断方法の説明のために作成した仮想例を図20に示す。回転初期に、第一チャンネル(n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナール)11のピークと第二チャンネル(炭化水素)12のピークが見られる場合を説明する。その場合、このピークは、回転初期に潤滑剤が軸受内全体に行き渡って馴染む過程で生じたピークと考えられる。つまり、この時点では、潤滑剤が軸受内全体に行き渡る際に、潤滑剤が分解されて生じたn-ヘキサナールおよび/またはn-ヘプタナールと、温度上昇が生じて潤滑剤に含まれる低分子量物質が蒸発して生じた炭化水素が検出されたと判断できる。
特許文献1に記載された潤滑剤劣化検出装置では、炭化水素、硫化水素、およびアンモニアの少なくともいずれかの気体を検出するガスセンサを使用しているが、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置では、MEMS技術により作製した高感度のマイクロガスセンサアレイからなり、n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの検出チャンネル(第一のチャンネル11)を含む複数のチャンネルを有するガスセンサ1を使用することができる。
よって、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置によれば、特許文献1に記載された潤滑剤劣化検出装置よりも潤滑剤劣化の判断の正確性が高くなることが期待できる。
また、特許文献1に記載された潤滑剤劣化検出装置を転がり軸受に取り付ける際には、シールド板の円板部に開口部を設け、この開口部にガスセンサを含む検出部を取り付けている。この検出部と装置本体(表示装置)が配線で接続されている。これに対して、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置は、ガスセンサ1と無線送信装置2と熱電変換素子3が円筒体5の外周面に固定され、検出結果はガスセンサ1と配線で接続されていない表示装置20に表示される。
n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの少なくとも一方を選択的に吸着する膜の材質としては、ポリエチレングリコール以外に、ポリナフチルアミン、高密度ポリエチレン、EVOH(エチレン・ビニルアルコール共重合体)、ジニトロフェニルヒドラジン、ニトロテレフタル酸で修飾されたポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンイミン、およびABS樹脂等が挙げられる。
熱電変換素子3の製造方法を、2列7行、14個の熱電変換単位310を有する熱電変換素子を用いて説明する。
熱電変換素子3は、図21に示すスリット形成工程と、図22に示す第一印刷工程の前段工程と、図23に示す第一印刷工程の後段工程と、図19に示す第二印刷工程と、図24の状態から図18の状態にする凸部形成工程と、をこの順に行うことで製造される。
この実施形態の熱電変換素子3の製造方法では、先ず、図21に示すように、基板32に、図19に示す14個の各熱電変換単位310に対応させた28本のスリット325を形成する。スリット325は、熱電変換単位310内で対をなす下側配線341の形成間隔と同じ長さで形成する。つまり、スリット325を基板32の凸部3211を形成する範囲全体に形成する。
このようにして、基板32上に、2列14個の熱電変換単位310を構成する全ての第一層331および第二層332からなる熱電変換パターンが形成される。図23の状態で、基板32の第一層331および第二層332が存在している部分が単位形成部であり、それ以外の部分が非形成部である。
次に、凸部形成工程として、基板32のスリット325が形成されている部分の裏面(熱電変換単位310が形成されていない面)に、図18の凸部3211に対応させた雄部を有する金型を押し当てて加圧する。これにより、第一層331および第二層332と、基板32の第一層331および第二層332が形成されている部分を延伸変形させて、凸部3211を形成する。その際に、全ての単位形成部321の凸部3211に対応させた雄部を有する金型を使用することで、一度に全ての熱電変換単位310に凸部3211を形成する。
この発明の第二態様の潤滑剤劣化検出装置は、n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの少なくとも一方を検出するガスセンサを備えている。ガスセンサは、n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの少なくとも一方を選択的に検出するチャンネルを含む複数のチャンネルを有するものであることが好ましい。
この発明の第二態様の潤滑剤劣化検出装置としては、ガスセンサによる検出結果を受信装置に無線で送信する無線送信装置と、熱電変換素子からなりガスセンサおよび無線送信装置に電力を供給する自立電源と、をさらに備えたものが挙げられる。
この自立電源をなす熱電変換素子としては、下記の構成(a)~(d)または(a)~(e)を有するものであることが好ましい。
(b)上記基板の上記熱電変換単位が形成されている単位形成部の断面形状は、凸部とその両脇の上記凸部より低い第一低面部および第二低面部からなり、上記基板の上記熱電変換単位が形成されていない非形成部は上記凸部の頂部より低い位置にある。
(c)上記熱電変換単位は、上記単位形成部の上記第一低面部から上記凸部の頂部に至る第一層と、上記頂部から第二低面部に至る第二層を有する。上記第一層および上記第二層の少なくともいずれかは熱電変換材料からなる。上記第一層および上記第二層は同じ材料または異なる材料からなる。上記複数の熱電変換単位は直列接続されている。
(d)上記第一低面部および上記第二低面部には、隣り合う上記熱電変換単位の上記第一層と上記第二層を接続する下側配線が形成されている。上記第一層および上記第二層が異なる材料からなる場合は、上記頂部に、上記熱電変換単位内の上記第一層と上記第二層を接続する上側配線が形成されている。上記直列接続の両端にそれぞれ外部との接続端子を有する。
(e)上記単位形成部は、上記凸部の範囲内で上記非形成部との間が切り離されている。
[発明者による考察]
転がり軸受内の潤滑剤の劣化状態を、転がり軸受内の気体に含まれる炭化水素の量で評価する方法では、転がり軸受の運転状況(回転速度や荷重の変化)の違いに伴う潤滑剤の温度上昇の違いにより、潤滑剤が同じ劣化状態であっても炭化水素の検出量が異なる場合がある。そのため、転がり軸受の運転状況に応じて、劣化を示す炭化水素検出量の閾値を変更する必要がある。この閾値変更に手間がかかるとともに、閾値が適性値からずれると潤滑剤劣化の判断を誤る原因となる。
この知見に基づいて、カルボニル化合物を選択的に検出するガスセンサを備えた潤滑剤劣化検出装置であれば、炭化水素を検出するガスセンサを備えた潤滑剤劣化検出装置よりも、転がり軸受の潤滑剤の劣化状態を高い正確性で判断できると考え、この発明に想到した。
以下、この発明の第三態様の実施形態について説明するが、この発明は以下に示す実施形態に限定されない。以下に示す実施形態では、この発明を実施するために技術的に好ましい限定がなされているが、この限定はこの発明の必須要件ではない。
図25および図26に示すように、この実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置10は、ガスセンサ1と、フィルタ201と、気体導入管301,401と、吸引ポンプ50を有する。気体導入管301はガスセンサ1の気体導入口とフィルタ201の気体導出口を接続する。気体導入管401の一端は潤滑剤劣化検出装置の気体導入部410であり、他端がフィルタ201の気体導入口に接続されている。
潤滑剤劣化検出装置10が取りつけられている装置は、図25の例では、二つの同じ転がり軸受6と、円筒部7と、中心穴81を有する円板状部8,8Aと、を有する。図26の例では、二つの同じ転がり軸受6と、円筒部7と、中心穴81を有する二つの同じ円板状部8と、を有する。円筒部7は転がり軸受の外輪が内嵌される軸受ハウジングである。
二つの転がり軸受6は、内輪61、外輪62、玉(転動体)63、保持器64、およびシールド板(非接触シール)65で構成された密封型深溝玉軸受であり、潤滑剤で潤滑されている。円筒部7の内周面の軸方向両端部に、二つの転がり軸受6の外輪62を嵌める溝71,72が形成されている。
二つの転がり軸受6は、外輪62を各溝71,72に嵌めることで、軸方向に間隔を開けて円筒部7に固定されている。円筒部7の軸方向両端は、図25の例では円板状部8,8Aで塞がれ、図26の例では二つの円板状部8で塞がれている。二つの転がり軸受6の内輪61に嵌合された回転軸9が、中心穴81を貫通して、図25の例では円板状部8,8Aの外側に延び、図26の例では二つの円板状部8の外側に延びて、図示されない回転装置に接続されている。
図27に示す装置を用いて、潤滑剤劣化検出装置10による潤滑剤劣化検出の効果を調べる検証試験を行った。図27に示す装置は、図25の例で、気体導入管401の吸引ポンプ50を取りつけた部分と気体導入部410とを連結するエルボー管402を、分岐管405に付け替え、分岐管405の気体導入管401とは反対側に、比較例の潤滑剤劣化検出装置100を構成する気体導入管104の一端を接続したものである。ガスセンサ1の定電位電解式センサを構成する電極としては白金を用いた。
各転がり軸受6の外輪62を円筒部7の各溝71,72に嵌めて、各転がり軸受6の内輪61に試験機の回転軸9を内嵌し、円板状部8Aに潤滑剤劣化検出装置10,100の気体導入部410を取りつけて図27に示す状態とした。なお、円板状部8Aの貫通穴82の直径は6.5mmであり、気体導入管401の外径は6mm内径は4mmである。貫通穴82と気体導入管401との隙間がゴム部材85で密封されている。
図28のグラフから以下のことが分かる。
図28(a)は経過時間と外輪温度との関係を示すグラフである。試験開始後に外輪の温度は上昇し、10時間経過後くらいからほぼ一定になり、208時間経過した時点で125℃を超える温度となった。
この試験結果から、以下のことが分かる。
実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置10では、試験開始直後から転がり軸受6内の潤滑剤の劣化が生じる前までは、アルデヒド濃度が0に近い値を示し、潤滑剤による焼き付きが発生する少し前に緩やかに上昇した後、急激に上昇している。そのため、ガスセンサ1で検出されたアルデヒド濃度が上昇し始めたタイミングで、転がり軸受6の内部の潤滑剤が劣化したことが検知できる。
グリースを置いた密閉空間内を加熱することでグリースの温度を上昇させ、密閉空間内のアルデヒド濃度を検出する試験を行った。グリースは試験1で用いたものと同じものを用いた。アルデヒド濃度の検出は、試験1で使用したガスセンサ1とフィルタ201を用いて行った。
具体的には、アルミニウム箔にグリース20mgを薄く塗布し、このアルミニウム箔を容積25mLの密閉空間内に配置した。密閉空間を形成する側壁に配管を取り付けて、フィルタ201を通った気体をガスセンサ1で検出した。その結果、図29に示すように、密閉空間内の温度が160℃を超えた辺りからアルデヒドが明確に検出され始め、190℃を超えて200℃になる間にアルデヒド濃度が急上昇した。
試験1では、アルデヒド濃度が急上昇した時の外輪温度は120℃~130℃であったため、試験1および試験2の結果から、アルデヒド濃度が急上昇する時の軸受内のグリース温度は外輪温度より高いことが分かる。
図30に示すように、試験1の初期段階では、臭気の検出量は外輪温度に略比例して増加しているのに対して、アルデヒドはほとんど検出されていないことが分かる。また、試験2の結果から、 アルデヒド濃度は、グリースがある温度以上となった時に発生することが分かる。
これらのことから、臭気量とアルデヒド濃度の両方を検出することで、軸受内部の温度を簡便に評価できることが分かる。軸受内部の温度を直接測定することは難しいため、この評価方法は有用である。この難しい理由は、グリースを介して転動体が軌道面を転動していることや、軸受部品に穴を開けるのが困難なことである。
図26の潤滑剤劣化検出装置10を使用して、転がり軸受の潤滑剤の劣化状態を常時計測した。
二つの転がり軸受6として、寸法が内径:70mm、外径:110mm、幅:20mmであり、玉63が鋼球であるものを用意した。各転がり軸受6をグリースで潤滑した。グリースとしては、増ちょう剤がバリウムコンプレックス石けん(ちょう度No.2)であり、基油が鉱油とエステル油との混合油(動粘度が40℃で23mm2/s)である市販のグリースを用いた。
その結果、試験開始から303時間経過した時点で、外輪温度の異常な上昇が検出された。この時、アルデヒド濃度の検出値は平常時の約20倍の値であった。試験開始から500時間経過した時点で潤滑剤劣化検出装置10を手動で停止した。試験後の転がり軸受6には、焼き付きと考えられる損傷および変色が軌道面に生じていた。
図31に示す変形例の潤滑剤劣化検出装置は、図25の潤滑剤劣化検出装置10で、気体導入管401の吸引ポンプ50を取りつけた部分と気体導入部410とを連結するエルボー管402を流路切替管47に付け替えて、流路切替管47に複数の気体導入部410を接続したものである。複数の気体導入部410はそれぞれ、別々の円筒部7(または円板状部8A)に形成された貫通穴73(82)にゴム部材75(85)を介して挿入され、気体導入部410と貫通穴73(82)の隙間が密封されている。
[第四実施形態]
以下、この発明の第四態様の実施形態について説明するが、この発明は以下に示す実施形態に限定されない。以下に示す実施形態では、この発明を実施するために技術的に好ましい限定がなされているが、この限定はこの発明の必須要件ではない。
潤滑剤劣化検出装置10は、また、二つの転がり軸受6を回転可能に納める筐体を有する。その筐体は、図32の例では、円筒部7と、中心穴81を有する円板状部8,8Aとで構成され、図33の例では、円筒部7Aと、中心穴81を有する二つの同じ円板状部8とで構成されている。
図32の例で筐体を構成する円板状部8Aは、シールド板65と対向する位置に、軸方向に貫通する貫通穴82を有する。図33の例で筐体を構成する円筒部7Aは、軸方向中央部に軸と直交する方向に貫通する貫通穴73を有する。
オイルミストを除去するフィルタとしては、紙フィルタ、金属フィルタ、セラミックスフィルタ、CNPフィルタが挙げられる。これらのフィルタのうち、交換の容易性の点から紙フィルタを用いること好ましい。紙フィルタとしては、目の粗さが200メッシュ程度で、粒子径が0.3μm以上のオイルミスト粒子を捕集できるものを用いることが好ましい。
また、DNPH(ジニトロフェニルヒドラジン)フィルタなどのアルデヒドを吸着するフィルタを通したガスと通していないガスの差分を分析して、アルデヒドを測定してもよい。
図34に示す装置を用いて、潤滑剤劣化検出装置10による潤滑剤劣化検出の効果を調べる検証試験を行った。図34に示す装置は、図32の例で、気体導入管401の吸引ポンプ50を取りつけた部分と気体導入部410とを連結するエルボー管402を、分岐管405に付け替え、分岐管405の気体導入管401とは反対側に、比較例の潤滑剤劣化検出装置100を構成する気体導入管104の一端を接続したものである。ガスセンサ1の定電位電解式センサを構成する電極としては白金を用いた。
各転がり軸受6の外輪62を円筒部7の各溝71,72に嵌めて、各転がり軸受6の内輪61に試験機の回転軸9を内嵌し、円板状部8Aに潤滑剤劣化検出装置10,100の気体導入部410を取りつけて図34に示す状態とした。なお、円板状部8Aの貫通穴82の直径は6.5mmであり、気体導入管401の外径は6mm内径は4mmである。貫通穴82と気体導入管401との隙間がゴム部材85で密封されている。
図35のグラフから以下のことが分かる。
図35(a)は経過時間と外輪温度との関係を示すグラフである。試験開始後に外輪の温度は上昇し、10時間経過後くらいからほぼ一定になり、208時間経過した時点で125℃を超える温度となった。
この試験結果から、以下のことが分かる。
実施形態の潤滑剤劣化検出装置10では、試験開始直後から転がり軸受6内の潤滑剤の劣化が生じる前までは、アルデヒド濃度が0に近い値を示し、潤滑剤による焼き付きが発生する少し前に緩やかに上昇した後、急激に上昇している。そのため、ガスセンサ1で検出されたアルデヒド濃度が上昇し始めたタイミングで、転がり軸受6の内部の潤滑剤が劣化したことが検知できる。
図36に示す変形例の潤滑剤劣化検出装置は、図32の潤滑剤劣化検出装置10で、気体導入管401の吸引ポンプ50を取りつけた部分と気体導入部410とを連結するエルボー管402を流路切替管47に付け替えて、流路切替管47に複数の気体導入部410を接続したものである。複数の気体導入部410はそれぞれ、別々の筐体(円筒部7または円板状部8A)に形成された貫通穴73(82)にゴム部材75(85)を介して挿入され、気体導入部410と貫通穴73(82)の隙間が密封されている。
11 第一のチャンネル
12 第二のチャンネル
13 第三のチャンネル
14 第四のチャンネル
2 無線送信装置
20 表示装置(受信装置)
21 回路基板
211 信号処理回路
212 送信回路
213 アンテナ
214 充電回路
215 二次電池
22 電源ライン
23 電源ライン
24 信号処理ライン
3 熱電変換素子
32 熱電変換素子の基板
310 熱電変換素子の熱電変換単位
4(4A,4B) 転がり軸受
41 内輪
42 外輪
43 玉
44 保持器
45 シールド板
5 円筒体(軸受ハウジング)
51,52 溝
60 配線
70 配線
201 フィルタ
301 気体導入管
401 気体導入管
410 気体導入部
50 吸引ポンプ
6 転がり軸受
61 内輪
62 外輪
63 玉
64 保持器
65 シールド板
7 筐体の円筒部(軸受ハウジング)
71,72 溝
73 貫通穴(気体導出口)
75 ゴム部材
8 筐体の円板状部(軸受ハウジング)
8A 筐体の円板状部(軸受ハウジング)
82 貫通穴(気体導出口)
85 ゴム部材
9 回転軸
10 潤滑剤劣化検出装置
100 潤滑剤劣化検出装置
Claims (12)
- カルボニル化合物を検出するガスセンサを備えた潤滑剤劣化検出装置。
- 前記カルボニル化合物は、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、プロパナール、ブタナール、ペンタナール、n-ヘキサナール、n-ヘプタナール、蟻酸、および酢酸の少なくともいずれかである請求項1記載の潤滑剤劣化検出装置。
- 前記ガスセンサは、カルボニル化合物を選択的に検出するチャンネルを含む複数のチャンネルを有する請求項1または2記載の潤滑剤劣化検出装置。
- n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの少なくとも一方を検出するガスセンサを備えた潤滑剤劣化検出装置。
- 前記ガスセンサは、n-ヘキサナールおよびn-ヘプタナールの少なくとも一方を検出するチャンネルを含む複数のチャンネルを有する請求項4記載の潤滑剤劣化検出装置。
- 前記ガスセンサによる検出結果を受信装置に無線で送信する無線送信装置と、
熱電変換素子からなり、前記ガスセンサおよび前記無線送信装置に電力を供給する自立電源と、
をさらに備えた請求項4または5記載の潤滑剤劣化検出装置。 - 潤滑剤で潤滑されている転がり軸受の前記潤滑剤から発生したガス状のカルボニル化合物の量を、その場で検出することで、前記潤滑剤の劣化状態を評価する潤滑剤劣化状態評価方法。
- 前記転がり軸受内の気体をガスセンサに導入し、前記ガスセンサで前記気体中のカルボニル化合物濃度を検出する請求項7記載の潤滑剤劣化状態評価方法。
- 前記カルボニル化合物はアルデヒドであり、アルデヒド濃度を選択的に検出する請求項7または8記載の潤滑剤劣化状態評価方法。
- 転がり軸受を回転可能に納める筐体と、
前記筐体の外部に設置されるガスセンサと、
前記筐体に形成された気体導出口と前記ガスセンサの気体導入口とを接続し、前記筐体内の気体を前記ガスセンサに導入する気体導入管と、
を有し、
前記ガスセンサの検出値で前記転がり軸受内の潤滑剤の劣化状態を検出する潤滑剤劣化検出装置。 - 前記気体導入管は、導入された気体に含まれるオイルを除去するオイル除去部を介して前記ガスセンサと接続されている請求項10記載の潤滑剤劣化検出装置。
- 複数の前記筐体の気体導出口が、流路切替管を介して、前記ガスセンサの気体導入口と接続されている請求項10または11記載の潤滑剤劣化検出装置。
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EP3450816A1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
US20190086382A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
JPWO2017188314A1 (ja) | 2018-05-10 |
JP2019049540A (ja) | 2019-03-28 |
US10890575B2 (en) | 2021-01-12 |
EP3450816B1 (en) | 2021-06-23 |
JP6421893B1 (ja) | 2018-11-14 |
EP3450816A4 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
CN108884965A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
JP6414340B2 (ja) | 2018-10-31 |
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